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HISTORIES 



If. 

OF 

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-ONE DIVISIONS 

OF THE GERMAN ARMY WHICH 

PARTICIPATED IN THE 

WAR (1914-1918) 



COMPILED FROM RECORDS OF INTELLIGENCE 
SECTION OF THE GENERAL STAFF, AMERICAN 
EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, AT GENERAL HEAD- 
QUARTERS : : CHAUMONT, FRANCE : : 1919 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920 




^^-"•«Vs 



-iftiiy^^. I 



D?i^^ 




War Dki'Artment 

Document No. 905 

Office of The Adjuluiit GcJieral 



ADDITIONAL COPIES 

IF Tins rUULICATION MAY 15E PROCURED FROM 

THE nji'ERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 

UOVERNIIENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

AT 

00 CENTS I'EU t'OPY 



CONTENTS 



Page. 



Introduction 

Alpine Corps 

Bavarian Cavalry Division 

Bavarian Ersatz Di\'ision 

Jaeger Division 

Ist Guard Division 

1st Guard ReserA^e Division 

Guard Ersatz Division 

Guard Cavalry Division 

1st Division 

1st Reserve Division 

1st Landwehr DiAision 

Ist Bavarian Division 

Ist Bavarian Reser^-e Division . . 
let Bavarian Landwelir Division. 

1st Cavalry Division 

1st Naval Di\iBion 

2d Guard Division 

Guard Reserve Division 

Division 

Landwehr DiAision 

Bavarian DiA-ision 

2d Bavarian Landwelir Division . 

2d Cavalry Division 

2d Naval Division 

Guard DiA-ision 

DiA^sion 

Landwehr DiA-ision 

Bavarian Di^dsion 

Reserve Division 

Naval Division 

4th Guard DiAasion 

4th Di\ision 

4th Ersatz Division 

4th Landwehr DiA-ision 

4th Bavarian Di\-ision 

4th Cavalry Di\-ision 

5th Guard Division 

5th Division 

5th Reserve Division 

5th Ersatz Division 

5th Landwehr Division 

5th Bavarian DiA-ision 

5th Bavarian Reserve Division. . 
5th Cavalrv DiAdsion 



2d 
2d 
2d 
2d 



3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 



12 
13 
16 
18 

22 
26 
29 
30 
33 
36 
39 
42 
45 
47 
48 
50 
55 
59 
62 
64 
68 
69 
70 
72 
76 
78 
80 
83 
86 
88 
92 
96 
99 
101 
104 
105 
108 
112 
115 
117 
120 
123 
126 



Page. 

6lh Division 127 

6th Reserve Division 131 

6th Bavarian Di^^sion 134 

6th Bavarian Reserve Di\ision. . . 138 

6th Bavarian Landwehr Division . 142 

6th Cavalry Division 144 

7th DiA-ision 145 

7th Reserve Division 149 . 

7th Landwehr Division 153 

7th Cavalry DiAision 156 

8th Di\ision 157 

8th Landwehr Division 160 

8th Bavarian Reser\-e Division ... 162 

8th Cavalry Division 1G6 

9th DiA-ision 167 

9lh Reserve Division 171 

9th Landwehr Division 174 

9th Bavarian Reserve Division. . . 176 

9th Cavalry Division 179 

10th Division : 180 

lOth Reserve Division 184 

10th Ersatz Di\dsion 188 

lOth Landwehr Division 191 

lOth Bavarian Division 194 

11th Di\ision 197 

11th ReserA e DiAasion 201 

11th Landwehr Division 204 

11th Bavarian Division 206 

12th DiA-ision 211 

12th Reser\-e Di\dsion 215 

12th Landwelir Di^-ision 219 

12th Bavarian Di\dsion 222 

13th Division 225 

13th Reserve Di\-ision 229 

13th Landwehr Division 233 

14th Division 236 

14th Reserve DiA-ision 240 

14th Landwehr Division 244 

14th Bavarian Division 246 

15th DiA-ision 249 

15th Reserve Division 254 

15th Landwehr Division 258 

15th Bavarian Di\ision 260 

16th DiA-ision 262 

16th Reserve Di%dsion - 206 

3 



tm'4'^ 



C0:N TENTS. 



Ptige. 

loth Landwehr Division 271 

IGth Bavarian Division. 273 

17th DiWsion 275 

17th Reserve Division 279 

17th Landwehr Division 283 

ISth Division 285 

18th Reserve Division 289 

18th Landwehr Division 293 

19th Division 295 

19th Reserve Division 299 

19th Ersatz Division 303 

19th Landwehr Division 306 

20th Division 308 

20th Landwehr Division 312 

21st Division 314 

21st Reserve Division 318 

21st Landwehr Division 322 

22d Division 324 

22d Reserve Division 327 

22d Landwehr Division 332 

23d Division 333 

23d Reserve Division 337 

23d Landwehr Division 341 

24th Division 343 

21th Reserve Division 347 

24th Landwehr Division 350 

25th Division 35I 

25th Reserve Division 355 

25th Landwehr Division 359 

26th Division 361 

26th Reserve Division 365 

26th Landwehr Division 369 

27th Division 37O 

2Sth Division 374 

28th Reserve Division 378 

29th Division 3S2 

29th Landwehr Division 386 

30th Division 388 

30th Bavarian Reserve Division... 392 

31st Div ision 395 

32d Div ision 399 

33d Division 402 

33d Reserve Division 405 

34th Division 4O9 

35th Division 413 

35th Reserve Division '. 416 

36th Division 418 

36th Reserve Division 422 

37th Division 425*. 

38th Division 429 

38th Landwehr Division 433 

39th Division 436 

39th Bavarian Reserve Division... 440 



Page. 

40th Division 442 

41st Division 4.(6 

42d Division 452 

43d Reserve Division 454 

44th Reserve Division 458 

44th Landwehr Division 462 

45th Reserve Division 4G4 

45th Landwehr Division 468 

46th Reserve Division 459 

46th Landwehr Division 473 

47th Reserve Division 474 

47th Landwehr Division 477 

48th Reserve Division 479 

48th Landwehr Division 483 

49th Reserve Division 435 

50th Division . .■ 459 

50th Reserve Division 493 

51st Reserve Division 497 

52d Division 5Q0 

52d Reserve Division 504 

53d Reserve Division 507 

54th Division . . .^ 54^ 

54th Reserve Division 514 

56th Division 547 

5Sth Division 521 

75th Reserve Division 525 

76th Reserve Division 528 

77th Reserv:e Division 531 

7Sth Reserve Division 534 

79th Reserve Division 537 , 

80th Reserve Division 541 

81st Reserve Division 544 

82d Reserve Division 547 

83d Division 550 

84th Division 554 

85th Landwehr Division 553 

86th Division 550 

87th Division 553 

8Sth Division 566 

89th Division 569 

91st Division 574 

92d Division 573 

93d Division 575 

94th Division 577 

95th Div ision 579 

96th Division 530 

101st Div ision 532 

103d Division 534 

105th Div ision 539 

107th Division 592 

lOSth Division 595 

109th Div ision 598 

111th Division 600 



113th Division 


CONT 

Page. 
603 


ENTS. 
217th 


115th Division 


606 


218th 


117th Division 


609 


219th 


119th Di\dsion 


612 


220th 


121st Division 

J,.23d . Division 

183d Division 

185th Division .... 


616 

620 

623 

627 


221st 
222d 
223d 
224th 


187th Division 


. . . . . 630 


225th 


192d Division 

195th Division 


633 

636 


226th 
227th 


197th Division 


639 


228th 


199t]i Division 


642 


231st 


200th Division 


645 


232d 


201st Division 

202d Division 

203d Division 

204th Division 


648 

651 

654 

657 


233d 
234th 
235th 
236th 


205th Division . . .• 


660 


237th 


206th Division 


662 


238 th 


207th Division 


665 


239th 


208th Division 


668 


240th 


211th Division 


671 


241st 


212th Division 


674 


242d 


213th Division .... 


676 


243d 


214th Division 


679 


255th 


215th Division 


682 


301st 


216th Division 


684 


302d 



Division 687 

Division 689 

Division 691 

Division 693 

Division .' 696 

Division 699 

Division '. 702 

Division 705 

Division 707 

Division 710 

Division 712 

Division 715 

Division 717 

Division 719 

Division 721 

Division 723 

Division 725 

Division 727 

Division 729 

Division 731 

Division 733 

Division 735 

Division 737 

Division 739 

Division 741 

Division 744 

Division 746 

Division 748 



INTRODUCTION. 

The following pages contain the record of the organization and service of the 251 
divisions of the German Army during the years 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, and 1918, or 
during as many of these years as they existed — for a number of them were created 
after the war had started. The record of each has been known as a "divisional 
history." 

The history of an enemy division is a summary of all the information obtained 
from all sources. It includes the latest composition— that is, the regiments and 
other units that make up the division; a record of its past engagements; its recruit- 
ment and racial features; commanders; present strength; and morale. On a basis of 
these factors the division's fighting quality is rated on a standard of classes adopted 
])y General Headquarters and noted in the history. The data is collected and filed 
daily at various troop headquarters and eventually in the Enemy Order of Battle 
subsection of the General Staff, Intelligence Section at the General Headquarters. 
The information comes chiefly from the fi'ont-line troops, resulting from their observa- 
tion, reconnaissance, and the interrogation of the prisoners they take. This evidence 
is often fragmentary and inconclusive, being gathered as more or less disassociated 
items, here and there along the whole front. But when it is consolidated and collated 
it becomes of great value and warrants deductions which may be depended upon. 

Prisoners' statements and captm'ed documents are the source of almost all the 
information contained in a divisional history. The outline of the past engagements 
of a division is known from the Battle-Order records. Prisoners add to this specific 
account of successes, citations, failures, internal disturbance, etc. The divisional 
composition is established by prisoners, and in the case of the smaller divisional units 
from addresses on captured letters. The effective strength is deduced from prisoners' 
stories of recent losses incurred and drafts of new men arriving. In estimating the 
quality of a division the Intelligence Section considers principally the conditions 
under which the enemy command has used it in previous military operations. 

All this information is kept posted up to date so that a history of present value 
can be written without delay and dispatched to our front-line troops opposite whom a 
new or additional enemy unit has appeared or is about to appear. 

The use to our troops of these histories is obvious. Much of the information con- 
tained is of direct value to oiu- commanders. The strength, morale, and fighting 
qualities of the opposing divisions are, of course, an important factor in our plans 
and operations. Other items, such as the names of the enemy commanders, assist 
the examining officer in checking the veracity and accuracy of prisoners' statements. 
It has been often observed that the more the intelligence officer knows or appears to 
know of the prisoner's organization the better results he obtains from his questions. 
The uses to which information of the enemy may be put have proved so various and 
unexpected that the principle is established that no fact about the enemy is too 
unimportant to be recorded. 

In preparing this set of Histories of German Divisions the histories published by 
French General Headquarters have been used for the years prior to 1918. For the last 
year of the war the histories were written by the Second Section of the General Staff, 
General Headquarters, A. E. F., from the American records. These included all 
information from American sources and also that which was received from Allied 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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10 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1915. 
The Alpine Corps was formed in May, 1915. 
Italy. 

1. At the end of May, 1915, it was sent by way of Innsbruck to the Trentino, where 
it remained until October 16 (vicinity of Campitello). It took part in several smaller 
actions (particularly on Sept. 24). 

France. 

2. On October 17 it left Bozen and went to France by way of Innsbruck, Neu- 
Ulm, Stuttgart, Deux-Ponts, and detrained at Laonnois on the Mezieres-Rethel line 
on October 19. 

3. It remained in tliis area until October 25. At that time it was transferred to 
Serbia by way of Mezieres, Germershein, Augsburg, Munich, Vienna, Budapest, 
Temesvar. It detrained at Weissldrchen on October 29. 

Serbia. 

4. The Alpine Corps advanced in Serbia by way of Kragujevac and Kraljevo as 
far as Novipasar (near the Montenegrin frontier) ; from that place to Mitrovica. Ele- 
ments of -the Alpine Corps remained south of Uskub until the end of March, 1916. 

1916. 
France. 

1. On March 21, 1916, the Alpine Corps was taken to Hungary by way of Belgrade, 
and then to France. Itinerary: Budapest, Breslau, Dresden, Leipzig, Cologne, 
Aix-la-Chapelle, Liege, Charleville. 

2. It went into line on the front east of Rheims (the Leib Regiment at Cernay) on 
April 1. 

Verdun. 

3. Relieved at the beginning of May, it went to rest in the vicinity of Charleville. 
About May 30 it went to the Spincourt area by way of Sedan. At the beginning of 
June it went into action at Verdun north of the Vaux Fort, northeast of Fleury, and 
took part in the attacks launched in this sector during the month of June (attack 
of June 23 upon Thiaumont). 

4. After reorganization, at the end of June or the beginning of July, the Alpine 
Corps came back into line near Fleiu-y on July 11. 

Argonne. 

5. After having lost 71 per cent of its Infantry in the various attacks at Verdun, 
the Alpine Corps was withdrawn on August 12 and took over the sector Fontaine- 
aux-Charmes-Vauquois, in the Argonne. The 3d Jaeger Regiment was taken from 
it and entered into the composition of the 200th Division (Carpathian Corps). 

6. In the first half of September the Alpine Corps left the Argonne and entrained 
for Roumania. 

Roumania. 

7. At the end of September it went into action in the vicinity of Hermannstadt, 
then in the vicinity of Brasso. On December 10 it reached Ploesci; it was at Rimnicu- 
Sarat on the 24th. Upon the stablization of the Roumanian front it occupied the 
front of Panciu-Focsani . During the active period in Roumania the Leib' Regiment 
lost heavily. 

1917. 

1. Relieved northwest of Focsani on April 6, 1917, the Alpine Corps was sent to 
Hungary, in the vicinity of Karlsburg. After a rest of three weeks it was transferred 
to the western front. Itinerary: Karlsburg (May 10), Szegdin, Budapest, Vienna, 
Salzburg, Rosenheim, Munich, Strassburg, Colmar, Neu-Breisach. 

Upper Alsace ; 

2. On June 15 it went into line on the Alsatian front (Rhone-Rhine Canal, Aspach). 

3. On July 20 it was withdrawn from the front and sent to rest. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 11 
ROUMANIA. 

4. At the beginning of August it was again sent to Roumania. It took over its old 
sector near Focsani and received the Russo-Roumanian attacks launched between 
Briala and Panciu. 

Italy. 

5. In September it was sent to the Italian front. 

IZONZO. 

6. On October 24 it attacked on both sides of the Tolmino and took possession of 
Mont Cucco on the 25th. It rested in November. 

Monte Tomb a. 

7. On November 25 it was engaged at Monte Tomba, and on December 12 on the 
slopes of Monfenera, with the exception of the 1st Jaeger Regiment, which was in 
reserve. 

8. Relieved between December 15 and December 20, it remained behind the lines 
until the middle of January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The Leib Regiment and the 1st Regiment of Jaegers are Bavarian, recruited prin- 
cipally from upper Bavaria. The 2d Regiment of Jaegers is purely Prussian. 

VALUE — ^1917 ESTIMATE. 

The discipline and firmness of the commanding officers make the Alpine Corps an 
elite body, of a genuine combat value. 

1918. 
Lorraine. 

1. In January the Alpine Corps entrained for Alsace (itinerary Salzburg, Munich, 
Ulm, Friburg, Saverne); then went to rest in the region of Sarreburg. 

2. It remained here undergoing training until the 10th of April. 

3. It was sent to Flanders, via Metz, Sedan, Namur, and detrained near Lille on 
the 12th. 

Battle of the Lys. 

4. The division was engaged northeast of Bailleul from the 14th to the 18th. It 
then rested east of Lille until the 23d. It reentered the line on the Kemmel-Locre 
front, where it remained until about the 10th of May, when it was withdrawn, after 
having suffered heavy losses. 

5. It moved then to the Ghent region, where it rested until the end of July. It 
then rested near Tourcoing until the 8th of August. It entrained at Tourcoing and 
Tournai on the 8th and went to St. Quentin via Ham. 

Battle op Picardy. 

6. The division entered line in the Hallu-Fransart-Hattencourt sector north of 
Roye on the 11th. On the 27th it fell back along the Somme Canal near Bethencourt. 
It was withdrawn from line the beginning of September. 

7. It came back to line almost immediately north of Peronne in the Moislain sector; 
on the 7th it was thrown back upon Longavesnes-Epehy-Villers-Guislain, where it 
was withdrawn on ."^he 23d, after losing heavily (861 prisoners). 

8. Elements of the Alpine Corps were identified at Walincourt in rear of the front 
on October 10. 

Balkans. 

9. Sent to the eastern front, the Alpine Corps reinforced the troops in the Balkans 
near Nish in October. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The Alpine Corps was considered one of the best German units. It showed its 
worth by retaking the village of Hallu on the 11th of August, and while counter- 
attacking at Moislains on the 2d of September. Nevertheless, the morale was lowered. 
The Alpine Corps comprised about 3,500 Infantry combatants early in August. It 
lost about 700 prisoners in August and September. 



12 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Bavarian Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





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Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Cavalry .- 


1 Bav. Cav. 

4 Bav. Cav. 

5 Bav. Cav. 


1 Heavy Reiter. 




1 Bav. Ulan. 

2 Bav. Ulan. 

1 Bav. Light Cav. 
6 Bav. Liglit Cav. 




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HISTORY. 

1918. 

1. The units of tliia division were used on police duty in the Ukraine and in Rou- 
mania in the spring of 1918. A part of the division was serving in the Crimea in the 
early Bummer. It continued in that general area through the year. 



The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 13 



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14 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 
1914. 

The Bavarian Ersatz Division consisted, at the outbreak of the war, of the three 
mixed Bavarian Ersatz brigades, Nos. ], 5, 9 (12 battalions), which detrained on 
August 17 and 18 in the region of Schelestadt. But afterwards this designation 
indicated a composite division (Benzino Division) formed from the 3d Bavarian 
Reserve Brigade and the 59th Landwehr Brigade (28th Ersatz, Baden) and the 120th 
Landwehr Regiment (Wurttemberg). 

VOSGES. 

1. The Benzino Division was first engaged in the Vosges (St. Marie Ridge, St. Die, 
Laveline) until September. 

Haye. 

2. After a rest in the Valley of the Bruche, it entrained at the end of September for 
Mars-la-Tour and reinforced the 3d Bavarian Corps in the St. Mihiel area. 

1915. 

WOEVRB. 

1. The Benzino Division occupied the area east of St. Mihiel (Spada to Apremont) 
during the entire year 1915. In November it took the name of Bavarian Ersatz 
Division. 

2. The division rested in Lorraine from December, 1915, to the end of February, 1916. 

1916. 

At the beginning of February, 1916, the 120th Landwehr Regiment was replaced by 
a Prussian Regiment, the 81st Landwehr. 

WOEVEE. 

1. On February 28, 1916, the Bavarian Ersatz Division took over the sector of 
Fresnes-en-Woevre-Ronvaux. It remained there \intil the end of October, 1916. 
On October 17, the 4th Bavarian Reserve Regiment left the division temporarily to 
go to Galicia, to the 199th Division, and came back in November. 

SOMME. 

2. From October 25 to November 15 the Bavarian Ersatz Division took part in the 
battle of the Somme east of Gueudecourt, with the exception of the 81st Landwehr, 
which was definitely detached from the division. 

3. Transferred to the Aisne, it went into line in the vicinity of Craonne at the end 
of November. 

1917. 
Aisne. 

1. On the Aisne front, east of Craonne, the Bavarian Ersatz Division received the 
French offensive of April, and its conduct gained the order "Pour le Merite" for its 
general. 

2. Relieved at the end of April, it occupied a sector in the Apremont Wood from 
the middle of May to the end of August. 

Ypres. 

3. On September 1 it was in Belgium, where it was engaged on both sides of the 
Ypres-Menin road imtil September 25. The 3d Battalion of the 4th Bavarian Reserve 
Regiment was almost destroyed on September 20. 

Galicia. 

4. At the beginning of October the division was transferred to the eastern front and 
sent into line southeast of Tamopol in December. 

5. At the end of autumn 1917, the 28th Ersatz Regiment (Baden) was withdrawn 
from the division and replaced by the 18th Bavarian Reserve. The division was 
then entirely Bavarian. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 15 

RECRUITING. 

The Bavarian Ersatz Division is recruited from the 1st and 2d Bavarian Corps 
districts. * 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The Bavarian Ersatz Division is a very mediocre division. 

Verdun. 

1. The division held the quiet Verdun sector until July 12, when it was relieved bv 
the 231st Division. 

Vesle. 

2. It was moved to the Vesle front and on July 25 relieved the 40th Division near 
Oulchy-le-Chateau. It remained in this sector until August 12, when it was with- 
drawn and sent to rest in the vicinity of Meubeuge. 

Champagne. 

3. On September 1 it proceeded to Mauchault and durin- the first days of September 
relieved the 88th Division in line near Perthes. It was in the fighting between Sep- 
tember 23 and October 3 in Champagne, losing about 2,000 men in that engagement. 

4. The division was so reduced in strength that it was dissoh^ed shortly after its 
retirement from line in October. The 18th Bavarian Reserve Regiment was dissolved 
and the men drafted to the 15th Bavarian Division. The 15th Bavarian Reserve 
Regiment was also dissolved. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was used only in defensive sectors during 



16 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 17 

HISTORY. 

1917. 

The Jaeger Division appears to have been formed about November, 1917. 
In November and December the Division was engaged on the Italian front at 
Monte-Tomba. Relieved at the beginning of January, 1918, it was sent to rest. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The Jaeger Division is a very good Division. 

1918. 

1. The division again entrained March 20 and was transported to the area north- 
east of St. Quentin by way of Strasbourg, Treves, Cologne, Liege, Namur, Charleroi, 
Maubeuge, Bohain. From there it marched to the region south of Chaulnea and 
rested three weeks. 

SOMME. 

2. It was in line in the Villers-Bretonneux sector from April 27 to May 19-20. After 
its withdrawal from line it rested southwest of Guise (Bernot, Hauteville) from 25th 
to 30th. The division marched toward the front by Ham (May 30) and arrived in 
the neighborhood of Lassigny on June 7-8. 

OlSE. 

3. The division was engaged near Lassigny (Le Plessier) on June 9 and advanced 
as far as EHncourt. It was relieved about mid-June. 

4. It rested between St. Quentin and Guise for a time, and was then railed to 
Alsace (near Mulhausen), where it rested during four weeks. It entrained at Mul- 
hausen about July 24-27 and was moved to Liesse (northeast of Laon) on July 30. 
From there it marched toward the front north of Soissons. 

Second Battle op the Marne. 

5. The division was engaged at Soissons and Pommiers, then at Bieuxy-Juvigny, 
from August 2 to 28. It rested for two weeks and returned to line at Gouzaucourt 
on September 12. Between^September 27-30 it was forced to fall back on La Vac- 
querie and Gonnelieu. It was relieved at the end of the month after suffering very 
heavy losses. 

Cambresis. 

6. On October 6-7 the di^dsion was reengaged south of Cambrai (Walincourt). It 
fell back on Briastre by Caudry and on the 15th retired from the front. It rested 
from October 15 to 22. On the 12th the division is known to have received a rein- 
forcement of 600 men. 

7. It was engaged southwest of Le Quesnoy from October 22 to November 1, losing 
numerous prisoners on the 24th. After a short rest it was again in line at Etreux 
and south of Le Quesnoy on November 4-5. It retreated by Pont-sux-Sambre on 
November 6. 

value — 191S estimate. 

The division was rated aa second class. It was used as an attack division in the 
Matz offensive, but in general the division was used to replace assault divisions and 
hold an important sector. 
125651°— 20 2 



3 8 DR'ISIOXS OF GEEMAX AE:MY WPIICH PAETICIPATED IX WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 19 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1. Detrained on the 11th and 12th of August in "Prussian Wallonia," at Weismea 
and neighboring stations. Entered Belgium August 13, ^ia Stavelot; crossed the 
Meuse at Huy on the 18th. The 23d it fought at Fosse and St. Gerard, after having 
crossed the Sambre at Jemmapes. Fought at Fournaux on the 24th. Was engaged, 
August 29, between Guise and Vervins (le Sourd, Leme). 

Marne. 

2. It fought next on the Marne (St. Gond marsh). 

3. It was in Artoia near Hebuteme the end of September. 
Flanders. 

4. In November the 1st Bde. was in Flanders (Gheluvelt); the 2d Bde. remained at 
Hebuteme. From the beginning of the campaign until January 19, 1915, the 3d Ft. 
Gd. Regt. suffered casualties of 49 officers and 2,707 men. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1. The beginning of January the 1st Bde. went from Gheluvelt to Champagne. 

2. The beginning of February the 2d Bde. rejoined the 1st. 

3. In March the division went to Alsace, where the whole Guard Corps was brought 
together again. 

Russia. 

4. In April the division went to Russia (Galicia), detraining at Bochnia the 22d. 

5. It fought at Tamow and Krasnoslaw, sldrted Brest-Litowsk, and pushed on to 
Krobin. The losses of the 3d Ft. Gd. Regt. in Russia (May 15-Aug. 31) were 17 officers 
and 2,116 men. The 1st Ft. Gd. Regt. lost 53 officers and 3,005 men. 

France. 

6. Brought back by stages to Warsaw; entrained about the 15th of September for 
the western front. Itinerary: Thorn, Posen, Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Berlin, Cassel, 
Giessen, Coblentz, Treves, Luxemburg, Namui", Charleroi. 

Artois. 

7. Reassembled at Charleroi, the division was alerted September 25, and engaged 
on the Artois front (FoHe). Losses of the 1st Ft. Gd. Regt. in the fighting of the end 

. of September amounted to 1,522. 

8. Relieved October 20, it took over the Lassigny-Beuvraignes sector. 

1916. 

1. The diATsion remained in the calm Lassigny sector until July 20, 1916. 

2. After some days rest in the neighborhood of Nesles, the division went by stages 
to the Peronne region, where it was put in reserve. 

Somme. 

3. August 15 it relieved, in the course of the battle of the Somme, what was left of 
the 1st Bavarian Reserve Di\dsion. 

4. The division lost hea^dly (5,000 men, only 300 of whom were prisoners) during 
the attacks of the 19th and 20th of August and at the time of the costly defense of 
Clery (Sept. 3), and therefore it was relieved. 

5. Reassembled in the Catelet region, and ha^dng received reenforcements, it went 
back into line south of the Somme, in the Biaches-Barleux sector. Its losses there 
were considerably less. 



WAR DEPARTMENT 

V LIBRARY 

Vii6HINGT0N, 0. C 



20 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1917. 

1. The division was withdrawn from the Biaches-Barleux sector the end of January. 

2. It reformed, went through a course of training, and then proceeded to the Guis- 
card region. During February, 1917, it received 500 reenforcements (1917 class, re- 
cuj^erated men). In March its depot was empty (all the men having been sent to the 
division). 

3. The beginning of April the division reassembled in the Sissonne region. 
Chemin db Dames. 

4. As early as April 12, before the Fi'ench attack on the Aisne front, it was alerted. 
April 17 it was engaged in the Ailles-Hurtebise sector. There it went through the 
attack of May 5. (Losses, 2,500 to 3,000 men for the whole di^dsion, only 141 prisoners.) 

5. Relieved a few days later, it took over a sector in the Argonne (Grand Courte- 
Chaussee), where it remained the month of June. 

Russia. 

6. On July 4 it left for Russia. (Itinerary: Namur, Lifege, Aix-la-Chapelle, Dues- 
seldorf, Minden, Hanover, Berlin, Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Posen, Lodz, Brest- 
Litowsk, Kovel, Lemberg, Ozidow; it detrained July 9.) 

7. The division participated in the counterattack against the Russians, and later in 
the attack of Riga. 

France. 

It was brought back to France in the middle of October. (Entrained at Riga Oct. 
16. Itinerary: Koenigsberg, Posen, Halle, Cassel, Coblentz, Sedan, Novion-Porcien; 
detrained near Rethel, Oct. 21.) 

9. The division took over the Marquise sector in Champagne the end of October. 

VAltTE — 1917 estimate. 

The 1st Guard Division may be considered one of the very best German divisions. 
Excellent conduct under fire. 

It displayed on the Aisne as well as on the Somme energy and determination while 
on the defensive. 

Among its heavy losses there was an exceedingly small number of prisoners. 

Again on the Aisne (April-May, 1917), it displayed remarkable military qualities. 

It received important reenforcements of the younger classes (15-16-17), 30 per cent 
from the class of 1917. 

Its normal value was reduced temporarily on account of the arrival of elements 
which had never been under fire (June, 1917). 

Prisoners taken in the Argonne (June, 1917) seemed less keen for fighting. 

1918. 

France. 

1. The division remained in line until the 21st of January. 

It was withdrawn at that date and put through a course of training in open warfare 
until March 1, when it entered line east of Reims (relieving 203d Division), remaining 
in until the 15th in order to become familiar with the terrain. 
Somme. 

3. It remained in close support north of Montdidier, and finally entered line March 
28 near Hangest-en-Santerre, fighting until April 5, and giving a good accoimt of 
itself. 

Chimay. 

4. The division went through another course of training in the Chimay area until 
May 27. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 21 

AiSNE. 

5. Tlie division entered line in the Grivesnes sector. It fought very well in this 
the Aisne offensive, immediately after which its commander, Prince Eitel Friedrich, 
was promoted from colonel to major general, but suffered exceedingly heavy losses. 
It was withdrawn June 7, going to rest in the Charleroi region, where it remained 
iintil July 16. 

Marne. 

6. It entered line on that date east of Dormans, and despite stubborn resistance by 
the French succeeded in making some headway. July 22-23 it moved slightly to the 
west, relieving the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division near Passy-sur-Marne. It moved 
back, giving ground to the Allied counter offensive, and was finally withdrawn from 
line north of Fere-en-Tardenois August 5. 

Crecy-au-Mont. 

7. The division rested then until August 25 in the vicinity of Rethel, and then came 
into line near Crecy-au-Mont and fought until September 6. 

Argonne. 

8. September 20 the division moved eastward and relieved the 53d Reserve Division 
in the Varennes sector, where it was when (Sept. 26) it was swamped by the opening 
of the American Meuse- Argonne offensive. It did not resist as strongly as it might 
have, and so the 5th Guard Division moved to its support. Withdrawn on the 29th, 
it, in turn, returned October 3 to support the 5th Guard. It was finally withdrawn 
on the 8th after it had most of its battalions reduced to one company. It left 1,788 
prisoners in our hands; its total losses probably being about 4,000. 

Champagne. 

The division was identified in line farther to the west October 14 at Olizy, and near 
Chestres on the 21st. It remained in line in this region contesting the French advance 
until the Armistice. 

VALUE — 191S ESTIMATE. 

Throughout the war the division was rated as one of the very best German shock 
divisions. During the last year it fought a great deal and, until the last stages, very 
well. It suffered severe losses, and finally, due to the lack of effectiA^es, it was found 
impossible to refill its depleted ranks; its morale deteriorated and it did not fight well. 



22 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY AVHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 23 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1. At the beginning of the war tlie 1st Guard Reserve Division forming, together 
■with the 3d Guard Division, the Guard Reserve Corps swept into Belgimn — as part 
of the 2d Army under von Buelow — the 16th of August, crossed the Meuse at Ardenne 
(massacres) the 20th, and pushed on as far as Namur. On the 29th the two divisions 
(Guard Reserve Corps) were brought back to Aix-la-Chapelle, and left for east Prussia 
September 1. 

Poland. 

2. The beginning of October the Guard Reserve Corps, attached to the Southern 
Army Group, took part in the invasion of the southern part of Poland, fought at 
Opatow (Oct. 4), and suffered severe losses at Lodz while retreating from the Russian 
armies. 

3. Diuing the winter of 1914-15 it fought on the Bzura. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1. In February, 1915, the Guard Reserve Corps was split up. The Ist Guard 
Reserve Division was sent to the north of the Vistula, in the Mlawa-Prasnysz region. 
By the 6th of March the 1st Guard Reserve Infantry Regiment had already had its 
thirty-ninth engagement there (letter). 

2. In March the 93d Reserve Regiment was attached to the 4th Guard Division 
(new). During the summer of 1915 the 1st Guard Reserve Division was engaged 
in the operations to the north of the Vistula (von Gallwitz's army). 
Smogorni. 

3. The' pursuit of the Russians brought the division as far as the neighborhood of 
Smogorni- Vishnev, where it took part in violent fighting and where it was relieved 
the middle of September. 

France. - - 

4. During the early days of October it entrained at Grodno for the western front. 
(Itinerary: Warsaw, Posen, Berlin, Hanover, Aix-la-Chapelle, Li^ge, Cambrai.) 
Cambrai. 

5. It went into rest cantonments on the banks of the Scheldt between Marcoing 
and Bouchain (November-December). 

1916. 

1. The 1st Guard Reserve Division and the 4th Guard Division then formed the 
reconstituted Guard Reserve Corps. 

2. During January and February, 1916, the division was employed on defensive 
works in the Wytschaete-Messines sector; it also held a sector in that region. At the 
same time it underwent a course of training in the neighborhood of Cambrai. 
Artois. 

3. The beginning of May the division took over the sector south of N'euville-St. Vaast. 

SOMME. 

4. At the end of July it was engaged on the Somme (Belloy-Barleux). 

5. After August 19 it spent some days at rest near Cambrai, and came back into 
line until September 8 between the Mouquet Farm and Martinpuich. It suffered 
local attacks, in which it was constantly pushed back with heavy losses. 
Flanders. 

6. After a rest in the neighborhood of Cambrai it was sent to a calm sector to the 
north of Ypres, near the Ypres-PUkem road. 



24 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

SOMMB. 

7. November 5 the division returned to the Somme (Warlencourt) where it spent 
the winter of 1916-17. 

1917. 

Somme. 

1. In March, 1917, the 1st Guard Reserve Division commenced the withdrawal 
movement on the Ilindenburg Line, leaving prisoners in rear-guard actions (Pys- 
Grevillera region). It was withdrawn from the front about March 20 to go to rest 
near Tournai. 

2. The 1st Guard Reserve Division and the 4th Guard Division then became inde- 
pendent divisions. 

Artois. 

3. April 25 the division took over the Oppy-Gavrelle sector and fought off the 
British attacks. 

4. Relieved the beginning of May, it was sent to rest at Templeuve, and was later 
employed in the construction of defensive works near Cambrai (May). 
Flanders. 

5. The 1st of June it was carried to Tourcoing, and from there to Warneton, June 8 
it went into'line to the east of Messines, where it relieved the 3d Bavarian Division, 
very much worn out the day before. It was itself withdrawn as early as the 12th. 
Artois. 

6. The division then went back to Artois and held the Moeuvres-Pronville front 
(June 21-22 to Aug. 16) taking part in no important action. 

Lens. 

7. After some days rest at Douai, it became reengaged August 21, on the Lens 
front, in a series of very heavy conflicts following the attack of August 'IS. The 
64th Reserve Infantry Regiment was particularly exhausted. Gas attacks caused 
it to sufier equally heavy losses in September and December. 

8. The division remained in this sector until the end of 1917. In November it 
sent some elements to reinforce the Cambrai front against the British attack. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was recruited in all provinces of Prussia, like the rest of the Guard. 
Despite their numbers, the 64th and 93d Reserve Infantry Regiments do not come 
(to any considerable extent) from the 3d and 4th Corps Districts. The 93d Reserve 
Infantry Regiments came from what was, before its dissolution, a " guard landwehr 
battalion (Magdeburg)" (seal of pay book). 

The 1st Guard Reserve Division is not above the average German division in value. 
The Alsatians in its ranks were withdrawn and sent to Russia in 1916, but there are 
still numerous Poles, who do not constitute an element of strength. It seems much 
less to be feared than most of the Prussian organizations that do not have the " Litze ' ' 
(braiding), less, too, than the Wurttemburgera of the 13th Corps District and the 
better Bavarian troops. (British document, February, 1918.) 

1918. 

Lens. 

1. The 1st Guard Reserve Division was relieved in the Lens sector by the 220th 
Division the first of the year and was withdrawn, remaining at rest in this region 
until it relieved the 220th Division, February 4. 

Carvin. 

2. The division was relieved by the 220th Division February 20 and went to the 
Carvin area, where it went through a course of training in open warfare so as to become 
the assault division of the Souchez Group. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 25 

SOMME. 

3. The opening day of the March 21 offensive the division was identified at Lagni- 
court (northeast of Bapaume). It was very probably "leap-frogged" by some other 
division the next day, but it reappeared the 27th near Bucquoy, in a straight line 
with the advance taken as a whole. It suffered exceedingly heavy losses, finally 
having to utilize its pioneers as Infantry. 

La Bass:iSe. 

4. April 20 the division was withdrawn from the Somme front and marched to 
Givenchy (just north of the La Bass^e Canal) the next day, where it relieved the 
4th Ersatz Division. It fought there until about May 21, giving a good account of 
itself, considering its weakened condition, and as a result its brigade commander was 
promoted a lieutenant general, and the division commander received Pour le M^rite. 
Grammont. 

5. The division moved to the Grammont area, where it underwent a course of 
training with artillery and aeroplanes in preparation for a coming offensive. 

La Bass:]ee. 

6. It relieved the 38th Division at Festubert, north of the La Bass^e Canal July 5; 
it was relieved July 14 by the 18th Reserve Division. 

7. The division rested in the Fauquissart area, and then relieved the 12th Reserve 
Division north of Hinges the night of August 2-3. It was relieved about August 26 
by extension of front of the neighboring divisions. 

Cambrai. 

8. The 2d of September the division reinforced the front north of the Arras-Cambrai 
Road. About the 10th it side-slipped south, for it was identified southwest of 
Moeuvres. It remaiBed here, suffering heavy casualties (450 prisoners), and was 
relieved by the 7th Cavalry Division during the night of September 22-23. 

9. It remained in this region, however, and was thrown back into line in attempt 
to stem the British advance, being identified at Bourlon September 28; withdrawn 
about October 5. 

10. The division returned October 16-17, relieving the 30th Division east of Neu- 
villy, and was withdrawn about the 20th. 

11. November 4 it was identified north of Landrecies. It took part in the general 
retirement, being identified south of Berlaimont November 5, and east of Maubeuge 
on the 9th. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 1st Guard Reserve Division was rated as in the first of four classes. During 
1918 it did not fight brilliantly, but it was always to be depended upon. It was 
called upon to fight much in heavy engagements, and suffered very severe losses. 



26 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 27 

HISTORY. 
1914-15. 

Formed in August, 1914, by grouping the Guard Ersatz Battalions and the Ersatz 
Battalions of the 2d Corps District, the division detrained at Saverne August 19. In 
reserve during the battle on the 20th, it crossed the frontier on the 23d with the 6th 
Army, fought southeast of Luneville the first days of September, and toward the end 
of the same month it went to Haye (Woevre). 
Ha YE. 

1. There it formed part of the Ersatz Corps and held various sectors of the region 
until March, 1916 (St. Baussant, Flirey, Bois de Mort-Mare, etc.). 

1916. 

1. In March, 1916, the 1st Guard Ersatz Mixed Bde. (6th and 7th Guard Regiments) 
left the Apremont region to go to the north of Combres and to the south of Fresnes-en- 
Woevre. 

Verdun. 

2. After a rest of 10 days at St. Marie aux Chenes (Apr. 24-May 3) it went to the front 
north of Verdun. May 11-12 it entered line in the Bois-Nawe (west of Douaumont), 
where it took part in several attacks (notably that of May 25). It rested in June, and 
fought again, beginning July 1, to the southeast of the Thiaumont works. 

3. The 5th Guard Ersatz Mixed Bde. which had remained in the Montsec region, 
entrained at Vigneulles-St. Benolt (July 23-26), detrained at Spincoiu-t, and during 
the night of August 3-4 entered line to the east of Fleury. Together with the 1st 
Bde., it took part in the attack of Axigust 5, and both suffered heavy losses. 

4. The Guard Ersatz Division was withdrawn from line the end of August, after 
having lost 50 per cent of its infantry before Verdun. 

Flirey-en-Haye . 

5. After a rest in the region west of Spincourt it went back into line to the north of 
Flirey en Haye; it remained there until about the 5th of November. 

In September the 357tli and the 358th Infantry Regiments were attached to the 
Bavaiian Ersatz Division and the 214th Division, respectively. The Guard Ersatz 
Division received in exchange a regiment newly formed from companies taken from 
the 6th and 7th Guard and the 357th Infantry Regiments. 

Cote du Poivre. 

6. The division rested in November, leaving December 18 to go to the region north 
of C6te du Poivre, following the French attack of December 15. 

1917. 

1. About January 15, 1917, the Guard Ersatz Division was withdrawn from the 
Verdun front and sent to Champagne (St. Hilaire sector). 

2. Relieved toward the end of March, the division was sent to reserve in the Chateau- 
Porcien region, which it quitted April 12. 

AlSNE. 

3. April 16 and the days following elements of the division counterattacked toward 
Bermericourt; then relieving (Apr. 18) the remnants of the 21st Division, the Guard 
Ersatz Division went through the French attack of May 4. It left this front soon after. 

4. May; rest in rear of the Champagne front. 

Russia. 

5. After a stay in a sector in Haye to the north of Flirey (from the beginning of June 
to the middle of July), the division was carried to the eastern front (July 23-27)). 
(Itinerary: Sarrebrucken, Kreuznach, Frankfort, Leipsic, Cottbus, Glogau, Warsaw, 
Grodno, Vilna.) 

6. The Kaiser reviewed the division July 29. From the 1st to the 17th of August 
it was trained in open warfare near Vilna. 



28 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Riga. 

7. Taken to Chavli (Aug. 28), then to the Gross-Ekkau region, the division entered 
line in the Uxkuell region and participated in the Riga offensive, entering Riga Sep- 
tember 3-4. 

France. 

8. September 8 the division entrained for the western front. (Itinerary: Chavli, 
Kovno, Eydtkuhnen, Insterberg, Posen, Cottbus, Leipsic, Frankfort, Thionville, 
Briey.) It encamped near Spincourt, and then, about October 10, entered line to 
the north of Bezonvaux. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The Guard Ersatz Division was recruited all over Prussia just aa all the other Guard 
divisions. 

Good division. The 6th and 7th Guard Regiments are not to be considered as tried 
troops. The 399th Infantry Regiment seems to have but a slight combative value. 

The men are said to have shown dissatisfaction when they left Russia for the western 
front. Desertions are said to have taken place en route. (Inter, pris. Dec. 15-17.) 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1. The division remained north of Verdun until February 20, when it was relieved 
and went to Damvillers, entrained, and went to the Arlon area and wag trained until 
March 15. 

Somme. 

2. It entrained at Arlon on that date and traveled via Charleroi to Mons, where it 
arrived the following day. By night marches the division passed through Maubeuge- 
Bavai-Englefontaine-Fontaine au Bois-Bazuel-Le Cateau-Busigny-Bohain-Fresnoy- 
P6ronne, without taking part in any fighting. It came into line March 25-26, and was 
heavily engaged at Proyart the 27th. 

Hangard. 

3. The division was withdrawn about April 6, after having large casualties, and 
reinforced the front near Hangard the night of April 9-10, not being relieved until 
about May 4. Flanking divisions extended their fronts. ♦ 
Mons. 

4. It rested northwest of Mons until the end of June. 
Champagne. 

5. It then went to reserve in Champagne, and entered line west of Auberive July 
15. It was withdrawn on the 21st. 

OuLCHY LE Chateau. 

6. The division was identified in line north of Oulchy le Chateau July 29, where it 
fought until withdrawn, about August 9. 

Alsace. 

7. It went into rest cantonments at Helfrantzkirch (northeast of Basle), and re- 
mained there until September 25. 

Ypres. 

8. Prisoners of the division were captured southwest of Roulers, and they stated 
that it entered line October 5-6. The division remained in line fighting stubbornly, 
but to no purpose, until withdrawn, November 7. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

Reliable information is to the effect that the Guard Ersatz, the Guard Cavalry, 
and the Jaeger Divisions bore the title "Oberste Heeresleitungs Angriffsdivisionen," 
and that they were held under the direct control of the Supreme Command. Never- 
theless, the Guard Ersatz has always been considered aa being in the second of four 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 29 

Guard Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION. 



Brigade. 



Infantry . 



Cavalry . 



Artillery. 



5 Ldw. Inf 

HCav 

14Cav 

38Cav 



1 Cuirassier. 
8 Drag. 

5 Uhlan. 
8 Hus. 
11 Hus. 

2 Mounted Jag. 

6 Moimted Jag. 
4 Cuirassier. 

Gd. Cuirassier (1 
Sqn.of4Mounted 
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132 Art. Command: 
3 Gd. F. A. Rgt. 
226 F. A. Rgt. 



Engineers and Ijiaisons . 



412 Pion. Btn.: 
307 Pion. Co. 
2 Ers. Pion. Co. 
183 Wireless Detch. 
286 and 385 T. M. Cos. 



Medical and Veterinary . 



257 Ambulance Co. 
302 Field Hospital. 
315 Field Hospital. 
286 Vet. Hospital. 



Attached 



Balloon Sqn. No. 33. 

290 Reconnaissance Flight. 



HISTORY. 
1918. 

1 . The division left the eastern theater in the middle of Majch. It was reconstituted 
in the camp at Zossen (south of Berlin), and was then moved to the Maubeuge area, 
where it underwent six weeks' training for open wai-fare. It now consisted of 9 dis- 
mounted regiments, grouped in 3 brigades, 2 companies of pioneers, and a trench 
mprtar company. 

Champagne. 

2. About May 28 the division relieved the 23d Division east of the Suippe. It 
was relieved about July 2, and on the 15th returned to strengthen the battle front 
near Souain. It was relieved about July 20. 

SOISSONS. 

3. The division was moved to the Soissons area, and on August 22 relieved the 
Jaeger Division east of Soissons. It retired from the front about September 5. 

Champagne. 

4. On September 23-24 it relieved the 15th Bavarian Division north of Prosnes, and 
was thereafter constantly in line in Champagne. The direction of its final retreat 
lay through Herpy (Nov. 1), St. Ferguex (5th), Rethel (6th), and Rocquigny (7th). 



The division was^ated as second class. It was reported to be one of the General 
Headquarters attack divisions held under direct control of the Supreme Command. 
After the failure of the July offensive east of Reims the division was constantly on 
the defensive. 



30 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IIST WAH. 



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DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 31 

HISTORY. 

1914-15. 

Along with the 2d Division, the 1st Division forms the 1st Army Corps (Koenigsberg). 
Russia. 

1. The 1st Army Corps was engaged on the Russian front at the very beginning of 
the war. 

2. Up until November the 1st Division participated in .the operations of East 
Prussia, and notably in the battle of Tannenberg (Aug. 27-29). 

3. In December the two division of the 1st Corps separated. The .2d Division 
remained in the north; the 1st Division went to the 9th Army, from December, 1914, 
to January, 1915 (Bzura-Rawka), then to the Army of the South, operating in the 
Carpathians and on the Dniester, from February, 1915, to February, 1916. 

1916. 
France. 

1. The division went to France in March, 1916. The 41st Infantry Regiment 
detrained March 13 near Metz; the 48th Infantry Regiment at Hagondange March 5, 
Verdun. 

2. The division was put in line near Vaux April 20, fought in the bois de la Cail- 
lette in May, in the bois de Vaux Chapitre, and the bois Fumin in June and July. 
It suffered enormous losses there. In the 1st Company of the 41st Infantry Regiment, 
the numbers on the pay books passed from 1,359 (Apr. 10) to 1,674 (July 19), indicating 
the arrival of at least 316 reinforcements. From the beginning of the war until July, 
1916, the regiment had received an average of 1,360 men per company. 

Russia. 

3. At the end of July, 1916, the 1st Division, leaving behind the 41st Infantry Regi- 
ment, which fought before Verdun in August, was once more taken to the eastern front, 
where it formed part of the Carpathian Corps. 

1917. 

BUKOWINA. 

1. In July, 1917, the division was in the Kirlibaba-Dorna-Vatra region. Begin- 
ning July 27, it followed up the retreating Russians, halting, early in August, in the 
Sereth region. 

France. 

2. The division entrained, the beginning of December, near Czernowitz, and was 
cairied to the French front. (Itinerary: Kolomea, Stanislau, Lemberg, Tamow, 
Oppeln, Breslau, Dresden, Leipsic, Halle, Cassel, Coblentz, Treves.) Ordered to 
Lorraine, it was sent to the region east of Etain, relieving the 13th Reserve Division 
and occupying the sector in front of Moulainville (Dec. 27; still there Jan. 23, 1918). 

value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Theoretically, the regiments of the 1st Division are recruited in East Prussia, but 
since the 1st Corps District, sparsely populated and of restricted size, could not keep 
it up alone, the elements coming from outside this district are numerous. During 
the stay on the eastern front Alsace-Lorrainers were used in considerable number. 
While in France the division's ranks were filled up with the aid of the abundant 
resources of Brandenburg and Silesia (3rd and 4th Corps Districts) ; consequently, the 
division does not display to any degree the local character like the majority of the 
German divisions. 

The 1st Division was on the Russian front from August, 1914, until December, 1917, 
with the exception of the period April-July, 1916, during which it was engaged before 
Verdun. 



32 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

The troops of the division fraternized with the Russians for about three weeks in 
April, but this came to an end early in May with the arrival opposite them of new Rus- 
sian troops, who received their advances with bullets. (Inter, pris., Jan. 24, 1918.)/ 



1918. 

WOEVRE. 

1. The division remained in line in the Verdun sector imtil relieved by the lltb 
Bavarian division about February 15. 

2. It moved to the Confians area, where it went through a course of training in 
open warfare in order to fit itself to become an assault division. At this time, too, it 
exchanged i'ts Alsatians for Prussians of the 78th Reserve Division. 

SOMME. 

3. March 27 the division reinforced the front at Bray, north of the Somme. It 
fought until the 30th, and lost to such an extent that its companies, which had been 
filled up while in the Confians area, were reduced to an average strength of 40 men. 

4. It was withdrawn March 30, and rested immediately in rear of the position it 
had held in line until about April 19. 

5. The following day the division went back into line just south of the Somme, 
and immediately suffered heavily. It was relieved May 2 by the 24th Reserve 
Division. 

6. The division went to rest in the Peruwelz area, and then had some more training 
in the same region. 

Champagne. 

7. Early in July the division was identified in reserve near Hirson. 

8. July 16 it entered line near St. Hilaire, and was withdrawn the 20th. 
Rhbims. 

9. It was immediately thrown into line in the Bois de Vrigny, where it fought in 
an attempt to prevent the Allies from annihilating the German troops in the Sois- 
sons-Chateau Thierry-Rheims pocket. 

Laon. 

10. About August 10 the division was withdrawn and went to rest in the region 
of Laon. 

Laffaux. 

September 3 it relieved the 27th Division near Laffaux, and, being surprised by a 
French attack, lost heavily (2,300 prisoners). 

12. September 16 it was relieved by the 29th Division. 
Rheims. 

13. The division came back into line near Betheny (northeast of Rheims) on Octo- 
ber 2 and was withdrawn about the 8th. 

St. Fergeux. 

14. It reentered line in the St. Fergeux region October 14, and was again withdrawn 
the 29th. 

Li ART. 

15. November 7 the division was identified near Liart (south of Rocroi), and re- 
mained in line until the armistice. 

VALUE- — 1918 ESTIMATE, 

The division was rated as third claes. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 33 



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1363 Light Am. Col. 
1390 Light Am. Col. 
1393 Light Am. Col. 


301 Pion. Btn.: 

4 Co. 2 Pions. 

1 Co. 34 Res. Pions. 

201 T. M. Co. 

31 Searchlight Section. 
401 Signals Command: 

401 Tel. Detch. 

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34 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1914-15. 
Russia. 

1. The list Reserve Division ■vvas ou the Russian front from August, 1914, until 
November 1, 1917, at which time it entrained for France.^ 

East Prussia — Poland. 

2. In 1914 it and the 36th Reserve Division formed the 1st Reserve Corfjs (Gen. 
Otto von Buelow). It took part in the operations of East Prussia (Hindenburg's 
Army), in the Lodz ma.neuver (Von Mackensen's Army), and in the combats on the 
Bzura. 

3. In February, 1915, the division was in the Prasnysz region, northeast of the 
Bohr-Narew line. 

COURLAND. 

4. In May, as part of Eichhorn's Army, it took part in the raid on Courland. 

1916. 

G ALICIA. 

1. IJu was on the Dvina in the Friedrichstadt region until July. 

2. In August it was identified in Galicia, in Bothmer's Army, opposed to the Brous- 
siioff offensive. Here it had heavy losses. (The 11th Company of the 3d Infantry 
Regiment, in particular, was reduced to 30 men.) During September the division 
was reinforced. The depot at Friedrichstadt, near Warsaw, was completely emptied 
to make good its losses. 

Courland. 

3. Toward the end of Septeihber elements of the division were in line near Fried- 
richstadt, along the Dvina, in a calm sector. The 18th Reserve Infantry Regiment 
was attached to the newly formed 225th Division. 

1917. 

1. January 5, 1917, the division was taken to the Mitau region, where it helped 
stop the Russian attack. Losses in this sector were light, but there was considerable 
discontent due to the cold. 

2. The division was relieved about the 15th of March and sent to the neighborhood 
of Gross-Eckau, near Mitau, where it rested two months. 

Riga. 

3. The middle of May it was put back into line before Riga. It took part in the 
offensiA^e against that city in September, stayed there from the 3d to the 7th of 
September, and then took up again its march toward the east. It organized its posi- 
tions about 70 kilometers from Riga, near Hintzenberg (or Hildersberg?) (near VN'^enden) 
and established itself there. 

France. 

4. Relieved the end of October, it entrained near Wenden for the western front 
(Itinerary: Riga, Mitau, Kovno, Eidtkuhnen, Insterburg, Thorn, Posen, Lissa, 
Breslau, Cottbus, Leipsic, Erfuhrt, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Sarrebruecken, Thion- 
ville, Sedan, Vouziers.) It detrained November 6 at Semide (southeast of A^ouziers). 
Champagne. 

5. After a rest of two days, the division A^cnt into line in the St. Hilaire sector 
(east of Vaudeaincourt-Auberive) . 

VALUE ^1917* ESTIMATE. 

The division was recruited in East Prussia and, as a result of insufficient local 
resources, from divers other localities — a great many Alsace-Lorrainers during the 
sojourn on the Russian front. 



DIVISION'S OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 35 

The 1st Reserve Division has taken part in all the important attacks which have 
taken place on the eastern front since the beginning of the war. It seems, however, 
from interrogation of deserters (in Champagne, November, 1917), that the cadres and 
men were little prepared for war as it was waged on the western front. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1 . The division remained in line east of Auberive until relieved by the 23d Division 
April 30. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. May 13-14 it relieved the 76th Reserve Division in the Givesnes sector. 

3. It was relieved August 4, but came back into line on the 10th a little farther to 
the north, in the region of Hangest-en-Santerre. It was withdrawn a few days later 
and rested several days in the neighborhood. 

4. August 19 it relieved the 75th Reserve Division near Beuvraignes. It fought 
until relieved September 2. 

St. Quentin. 

5. After 10 days' rest it relieved the 21st Division near Le Verguier, northwest of 
St. Quentin. It was withdrawn on the 20th. 

RiBEMONT. 

6. October 1 the division relieved the 20Sth Division near Ribemont. Withdrawn 
October 31. 

DOMPIERRE. 

7. It came back into line November 7 and remained until the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division has suffered very heavily, notwithstanding the fact that, until about 
the 10th of August, it had taken no part in any really important actions this year. 
On the 18th of September the 1st Reserve Regiment was almost wiped out, its three 
battalion officers being captured with their staffs. It had also suffered a great many 
casualties the 9th and 10th of August. It is difficult to estimate the strength of its 
companies, owing to the fact that it is still in an active sector, but it is probably not 
over 50 rifles. 

In the main the recruitment is East Prussian. There have been many Alsace- 
Lorrainers in its ranks, but since many of these have deserted there are probably 
not a great many of them left. For the most part the men are between 25 and 35 
years old, but there are many older men and something less than 10 per cent of the 
division is made up by recruits of the 1919 class. It is again to be noted that the 
division was not employed in any of the German offensives this year. 

Its conduct was remarkable in no way during the division's participation in the 
heavy fighting around Hangest, Beuvraignes, and to the north of St. Quentin. . During 
the early part of the year, when the division was in line in Champagne, there were a 
great many desertions, especially among the Alsace-Lorraine element. There have 
also been many cases of mutiny, especially in the 59th Reserve, the worst of the three 
regiments. About the middle of August a batch of some 500 recruits started out from 
the interior for the division. To sustain the morale of the men, these recruits were 
told they were going to simply support the artillery. Notwithstanding this, less 
than 250 men remained when the draft reached its true destination — the front lines. 
The men are very tired of the war, but on the whole seem resigned to the necessity 
of doing their duty. 

The 1st Reserve is rated aa a third-class division. 



36 Divisioisrs of gekman aemy which participated iisr war. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 37 

HISTORY. 
1914-15. 

Called Jacobi's Division at the beginning of the war, and a part of the 1st Landwehr 
Corps, the 1st Landwehr DiAdsion fought under this corps on the eastern front. It was 
first called the 10th Landwehr Di\dsion, taking the name of 1st Landwehr Division in 
July, 1915. It comprised the 6th Mixed Landwehr Brigade (34th and 49th Landwehr 
Regiments) and the 34th Mixed Landwehr Brigade (31st and 84th Landwehr Regi- 
ments) . 

East Prussia, Eoland. 

1. First engaged in East Prussia (Angerburg, Gumbinnen, August, 1914, to January, 
1915), Jacobi's Division took part in the operations between Mariampol and Suwalki. 
Early in March, 1915, it was before Lomza; then in the Ossowiec region on the Bobr. 
It was at this time that the division became known as the 1st Landwehr Division, and 
the 3Sd Landwehr Regiment was attached to it. 

2. At the beginning of August the division was in the Kalvariia region, Suwalki. 
It took part in the summer offensive, but remained in support, never doing any actual 
fighting. 

COURLAND. 

3. After a rest on the Little Berezina, it went to Courland, going into line in the 
Uxkuell region (October). 

1916. 

1. The division remained to the soxith of Riga until the end of July, 1916. 

VOLHYNIA. 

2. In August it went to Volhynia, where it took over the Borovno sector (on the 
Stokhod) and held it for more than a year, until about November, 1917. The 6th 
Landwehr Brigade was taken away and remained in the Mitau region (April, 1916). 
Since then the division has been composed of only three regiments. 

1917. 
Volhynia. 

1. Relieved in the Borovno sector toward the end of 1917, went to rest in the 
Adcinity of Kovel. In January, 1918, the division received reinforcements from the 
9th Landwehr Regiment (dissolved) and also from the 20th Landsturm Regiment. 
It had already had men of the 1919 class since November, 1917. Still more arrived in 
February, 1918, when the division was on the point of departing for Belgium. 

vaIjUe — 1917 estimate. 

In theory, the 31st and 84th Landwehr Regiments were recruited in the 9th Corps 
District; the 33d Landwehr Regiment in the 1st Corps District. Latterly, however, 
widely diversified elements have been introduced — men of the 20th Landsturm 
Regiment (18th Corps District); from the 9th Landsturm Regiment (2d Corps Dis- 
trict); also men from the 3d, 7th, and 17th Districts (class 1919). There is, too, a 
considerable number of Alsace-Lorrainers (33d Landwehr Regiment). 

The 1st Landwehr is a mediocre division, composed of old men and of others that 
have little military value. (March, 1918.) 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1. The division was then taken to the western front, and after some time spent in 
reserve (it was probably trained in the methods of warfare employed on the western 
front, although there is no evidence to establish it) it relieved the 35th Division 



38 DIVISIONS OF GERMAIT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

near Merckem, March. 20. It was relieved about April 19 by elements of the 83d 
Division. 

2. April 26 it was identified in the St. Julien-Hooge sector, replacing part of the 
236tb Division, which side slipped to the south. In an unsuccessful attack during 
this time it suffered exceedingly heavy losses. 

Alsace. 

3. The division was relieved by the 6th Cavalry Division during the night of July 
27-28 and went to rest in the Vosges. 

4. About October 3 the division relieved the 30th Bavarian Reserve Division near 
Aspach le Bas. 

WOEVRE. 

5. It was withdrawn from this sector soon afterwards to be thrown in to meet the 
American advance east of the Meuse, being identified west of Flabas October 16. 
They lost heavily, staying in until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 1st Landwehr is rated as a third-class division. Still, although many of ita 
younger men were sent to other divisions just before it came to the western front, it 
did rather well, its commanding officer having been promoted after its participation 
in the battle of the Lys, and the division as a whole having been lauded several times 
in the official communiques. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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40 Divisioisrs OF German army which participated i:n war. 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 1st Bavarian Division, forming, with the 2d 
Bavarian Division, the 1st Bavarian Corps, was part of the 6th Army (Bavarian Crown 
Prince). It detrained at Sarrebruecken (Aug. 8-9), crossed the frontier, sacked 
Badonviller the 12th, and withdrew to, the north of Sarrebruecken the 17th. It 
fought at Sarrebruecken the 20th. In liaison on the left with the Badeners of the 
14th Corps, it crossed the frontier and advanced to Nossoncourt and Xaffevillers 
(Sept. 6) via Baccarat. September 12 the division, having been withdrawn, was 
reassembled at Peltre (near Metz). It then entrained at Metz the 14th and 15th, and 
detrained near Namur, reaching P^ronne the 24th. 

SOMME. 

2, In the last days of September, 1914, at the time of the "race to the sea," the two 
divisions of the 1st Bavarian Corps were in the 2d Army (Von Buelow), which op- 
erated on the Somme in the Peronne region. They became heavily engaged notably 
at Combles (Oct. 24) and at Maricourt (Dec. 17). By November 4 the 1st Bavarian 
Regiment had had casualties of 63 officers and 2,090 men since the beginning of the 
war. (Casualty list.) 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. The 1st Bavarian Division was kept in line on the Somme (Dompierre-Maricourt) 
until October, 1915. Its composition was changed — the Body Infantry Regiment 
went to the Alpine Corps, the 16th Infantry to the 10th Bavarian Division. In 
return, the 24th Infantry (a new formation) was received. 

2. The division was taken to the region north of Arras (Neuville-Souchez sector), 
where it remained almost seven months (October, 1915-May, 1916). 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. About May, 1916, the di-\dsion was relieved to the west of Vimy and sent to the 
Verdun front, where it took part in the battles near Douaumont (May 23), and in those 
of June 1 and 8. 

2. Re-formed in the Ptomagne-sous-les-C6tes area, it reentered line about June 22 
for new attacks. During this offensive the division suffered severely. It was re- 
lieved at the beginning of July. 

3 . After a short rest behind the Verdun front the division reoccupied the Apremont- 
St. Miliiel sector, remaining there until October 11, when it was reconstituted, re- 
ceiving large reinforcements (recuperates and men of the 1916 class). 

Somme. 

4. Taken to the Caudry sector (near Cambrai), it was engaged on the Somme (Sailly- 
Saillisel, Morval) October 13 to end of November, where its losses were once again 
exceedingly heavy. 

5. The division reappeared in the region of St. Mihiel (Bois d'Ailly-Foret d'Apre- 
mont sector) the beginning of December, and remained there until the early days 
of May, 1917. 

1917. 
Plateau de Calipornie. 

1. Entrained about May 7 at VigneuUes, it proceeded to the Laon region, where it 
was in reserve (May 8-12). The following day it took over the sector west of Hurte- 
bise, where it participated in several attacks (May 20-June 17), losing heavily therein. 

2. The division was relieved June 21 and went to rest south of Mezi^res (La Franche- 
ville, etc.), where it was reconstituted. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 41 

Champagne. 

3. July 25 it went back into line on the Champagne front (sector south of Ste. Marie- 
a-Py); it did not take part in any important engagements there. 

4. The di\dsion was withdrawn December 27. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was recruited in the southern part of Bavaria. The presence of 
contingents from the Bavarian Alps was responsible for the withdrawal of the Body 
Ptcgiment to form the Alpine Corps. 

Despite the losses it suffered during May and June in the Hurtebise sector, the 
1st Bavarian Di\T.sion may still be considered a good di^dsion. It has had time to 
reconstitute itself during the long calm period spent in Champagne (July 25-Dec.. 
27, 1917). 

1918. 
Argonne. 

1. Withdrawn from line, the division was put through a course of training. It 
relieved the 80th Reserve Division north of Vauquois February 17. 

2. It was relieved by the 80th Reserve Division about the 1st of March. 

St. Quentin. 

3. The opening day of the March offensive. the division reinforced the front south 
of St. Quentin. It was withdrawn the next day. 

4. March 23 it came back into line north of Chauny. It was withdrawn about the 
30th. 

Lassigny. 

5. April 6 it relieved the 3d Bavarian Division west of Lassigny. It was in turn 
relieved by the 3d Bavarian Division on the 12th. 

Champagne. 

6. Having suffered a great deal in the fighting on the Somme, the division was 
taken to a quiet sector in Champagne, relieving the 52d Reserve Division May 1 
north of Souain. About June 30 it was relieved by the 30th Division. 

7. It reinforced the front near Souain July 15. It was withdrawn about the 31st. 

SOISSONS. 

8. The division entered line northeast of Soissons August 11. 

NOYON. 

9. It was relieved by the Jaeger Division about August 19, and moved to the west, 
taking over the Cuts sector, southeast of Noyon, August 20, and was withdrawn the 
22d. 

Coucy-le-Chateau. 

10. August 31 the division was identified at Foldmbray, northwest of Coucy-le- 
Chateau; withdrawn about September 12. 

Champagne. 

11. About September 27 it took over the Manre sector, southeast of Vouziers, where 
it remained, fighting, until the signing of the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 1st Bavarian is rated as a first-class assault division; it was utilized as such 
throughout 1918. It fought well; its losses were severe. 



42 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAIN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 43 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. The Bavarian Reserve Division (1st Bavarian Reserve Corps, with the 5th 
Bavarian Reserve Division) was at the beginning of the war part of the 6th Army 
(Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria), ancV detrained in Lorraine August 13-14. After 
having helped to check the French offensive in Lorraine, participated in the battle 
of August 20, entered Luneville, and after having fought at Einville, early in Sep- 
tember, it went to rest in the vicinity of the Paris-Avricourt railroad, and later 
march to Metz by stages. 

Areas. 

2. September 27-28 the division entrained at Metz and was carried to Cambrai. 
Entering line between Douai and Arras, it fought at Izel, Gavrelle, Rouvroy (Oct. 
2-3). On the 5th its right wing was at Souchez, the Avhole 1st Bavarian Reserve 
Corps being then in line north of Arras. October 23 the two divisions of the corps 
attacked violently along the Carency-Roclincourt front; they remained in line until 
June, 1915, the 1st Bavarian Division being between Roclincourt and Ecurie. 

1915. 
Neuville-St. Vaast. 

1. In May, 1915, the 1st Bavarian Reserve Division was engaged at Neuville-St. 
Vaast, when it was reinforced by two battalions of the 99th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment. The 2d Bavarian Reserve Regiment suffered casualties of 14 officers and 1,418 
men (casualty list). 

Le Labyrinthe. 

2. In June the division fought at the Labyrinth . 

3. It continued to hold the sector north of the Scarpe, but moved toward the south 
m December, the front of the 1st Bavarian Reserve Corps extending as far as Blaire- 
ville. 

1916. 

1. The division remained in line east of Arras, straddling the Scarpe until August, 
1916. From May to August, it comprised the 12th Bavarian Reserve Regiment, in- 
stead of the 3d Bavarian Reserve Regiment, loaned temporarily by the 5th Bavarian 
Reserve Division. 

SOMME. 

2. Withdrawn August 8, it went to the Somme. It was engaged the 12th in the 
Clery sector, and was relieved as early as the 15th by the 1st Guard Division after 
having suffered heavily. 

3. The second fortnight in August the division was at rest near Cambrai. The end 
of that month and early in September, some elements of the division were engaged 
near Clery and Martinpuich in order to facilitate reliefs. 

AlSNE. 

4. About the middle of September the 1st Bavarian Reserve Corps was withdrawn 
from the region of the Somme and sent to the Aisne, where the 1st Bavarian Reserve 
Division occupied a sector to the west of Craonne until the beginning of December. 

5. Brought back north of the Somme, it sent some elements into line in the Beau- 
mont-Hamel sector (north of the Ancre, December- January). 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. After sometime at rest, the division went back into line February 27 to the*l{Srth 
of Arras (Roclincourt-Neuville-St. Vaast). April 9 it received the full shock of the 
British attack — lost the villages of Thelus and Bailleul and 1,500 prisoners. 



44 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

L"a Bassee. 

2. Believed about the 15th of April, the division rested, and then entered line 
north of the La Bassee Canal (east of Festubert). It remained here five months, taking 
no part in any important engagements but suffering losses as a result of gas attacks. 
Flanders. 

3. It left for Belgium October 6-7, and took^over the Zandvoorde sector (southeast 
of Ypres) on the 8th. 

value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 1st Bavarian Reserve Division is a good division, but its combatant value can 
not be compared to that of the active Bavarian divisions. 

1918. 

1. Here it remained in line until February 11, when it was relieved by the 239th 
Division and withdrawn to rest in the Menin area, before it had suffered many 
casualties. 

DiXMUDE. 

2. March 9 it relieved the 54th Reserve Division in the Dixmude sector. It was 
relieved on the 22d by the extension of the fronts of the neighboring divisions. 

3. It marched to Zedelghem the same day, and reached Seclin on the 23d. The 
28th it came into reserve near Douai. It was undoubtedly intended to reinforce the 
German attack on the Arras front on the 28th, but as this was a complete failure, it 
returned to the Carvin area. 

Lys. 

4. April 9 the division reinforced the front near Richebourg-St. Vaast, and took 
part in the initial attack on the Lys battle front the same day. It advanced through 
Lacouture, Vieille-Chapelle, and had reached Zelobes April 10. After the first day's 
fighting it met with a strong resistance and suffered heavily. It was relieved near 
Robecq by the 239th Division, April 18. 

Loos. 

5. April 27 the division relieved elements of the 207th Division east of Loos (south 
of the La Bassee Canal). 

Ypres. 

6. It was relieved by the 16th Division about September 27, marched to Carvin, 
which it left September 29, and entrained at Seclin for Heule, whence it marched 
into line via Moorseele. It was identified near Roulers October 4. It was relieved 
by the 6th Cavalry Division October 16. 

7. After a rest of only a few days the division came back into line on the 23d to the 
south of Deynze, whence it was withdrawn about October 31. It did not return 
to line. 

VALUE 191S ESTIMATE. 

The 1st Bavarian Reserve Division took part in no real fighting with the exception 
of the Lya offensive, in which it did nothing to distinguish itself. It would seem 
that the division does not deserve to be rated higher than third in a scale of four 
classes. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 45 



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46 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
Lorraine. 1914. 

1. The origin of the 1st Bavarian Landwehr Division dates from the stabilization of 
the Lorraine front after the check of the Germans before Grand-Couronne in Septem- 
ber, 1914. 

2. At the beginning of the war the different elements which were to enter into the 
composition of the division were employed in Lorraine in rear of the combatant 
troops. The 71st Landwehr Regiment came from the war garrison of Strasburg. 

3. These elements grouped in three brigades forming the Ist Bavarian Landwehr 
Division, were brought up to the front early in September and put into line in the 
Chateau- Salins sector (from Jallaucourt to the Rhine-Marne Canal). 

Lorraine. 1915. 

1. From that time on the division occupied the same front in Lorraine, on each 
side of the Rhine-Marne Canal, broadening or narrowing its front according to the 
number of troops in line in the region. 

2. Durijig the summer of 1915 its limit was carried to the southeast gradually as far 
as the Luneville-Avricourt railway, next to the region south of Leintrey; to the 
northeast as far as the western ledge of the Foret de Bezange. 

3. In May, 1915, the 60th Landwehr Bde. was detached from the division, and 
replaced by the 5th Bavarian Landwehr Bde. (4th and 5th Bavarian Landwehr 
Regiments) coming from the 10th Ersatz Division. 

Lorraine. 1916. 

1. South of Leintrey — western edge of the Foret de Bezange. In January, 1916, 
the 14th Bavarian Landwehr Bde. was detached from the 1st Bavarian Landwehr 
Division; the 122d Landwehr Regiment (Wurttemburg) passed to the 2d Landwehr 
Division; the 15th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment to the 39th Bavarian Landwehr 
Division. The brigade was replaced by the 9th Bavarian Landwehr Bde. (6th and 
7th Bavarian Landwehr Regiments). The division thus became entirely Bavarian; 
it was increased, shortly after, by the addition of the 60th Reserve Regiment, which 
was later (September) attached to the 221st Division. 

2. In July, 1916, the 13th Bavarian Landwehr Bde. Avas withdrawn from the 
division and replaced by battalions of Landsturm. 

Lorraine. 1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the division's sector Avas shortened — it was limited on the 
southeast by the western edge of the Foret de Paroy. In March it ended northwest of 
Juvrecourt. In June it extended itself once more to the southeast, fixing itself 
finally in July between Juvrecourt and the eastern edge of the Foret de Paroy; the 
limits have not varied since then. 

2. About the first of the year the 5th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment passed to the 
2d Bavarian Landwehr Division (new formation — Russian front). 

value — 1917 estimate. 

The 1st Bavarian Landwehr Division established itself on the Lorraine front in 
September, 1914, after the hard fighting in that region had ceased. It executed some 
important raids with its assault company, notably in June, 1917 (Foret de Paroy), 
and November (Arracourt region). In general, however, it remained exclusively 
on the defensive. It is made up of men whose physical value is often diminished; 
who have, consequently, waged only position warfare, and that upon a defensive front. 

Lorraine. 1918. 

1. The division remained in the Parroy sector in Lorraine throughout 1918, and, with 
the exception of a very few raids executed by the divisional Stosstrupp, did nothing. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Losses and reinforcements have been few. The strength of the companies appears 
to be about 80 men, of an average age of 35-40 years. The Ist Bavarian Landwehr is 
rated as a fourth-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



47 



1st Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION. 



Cavalry. 



1918 



Brigade. 



ICav. (IC. Uist.)- 
2Cav (1 C. Dist.). 
43Cav. (IC. Dist.. 



Regiment. 



3 Cuirassier. 
1 Drag. 
12 Uhlan. 

9 Hors« Jag. 

8 Uhlan (3 and 5 
Sons, detached). 

10 Horse Jag. (2 and 
3 Sqns. detached) 



Artillery. 



35 Horse Art. Abt. 



Engineers and Liaisons . 



(?) Dion. Detchs. 

347 Searchlight Section. 



Medical and Veterinary . 



65 Vet. Hospital. 
142 Vet. Hospital. 
70 Ambulance Co. 



Odd units. 



152 Cyclist Co. 

153 Cyclist Co. 
159 Cyclist Co. 



Attached 13 Hus. Rgt. (1, 3, 4, and 6 Sqn.). 



HISTORY. 

1918. 

1. Throughout 1918 the separate elements of this division were used in police duty 
in the Ukraine, in Lithuania, and along the Danube. 

VALUK 1918 ESTIMATE. 

A» the division did not operate as a division in 1918, no estimate can be given of its 
lighting value. 



48 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 49 

HISTORY. 
1914-1917. 

1. Belgium. At the beginning of the war the Field Army contained only one 
naval division. This division entered Belgium on September 4, 1914, detrained 
at Brussels, and on September 6 took up its position to the left of the corps which 
was besieging Antwerp. After the taking of the city on October 10 the division 
marched along the coast, arrived at a point between Ostend and Bruges on October 
23, and on November 2 relieved the 4th Ersatz Division on the front of Nieuport- 
St. Georges. 

2. On November 24, 1914, the Naval Corps was formed by adding a 2d Naval Divi- 
sion to the 1st. 

3. After this time the Naval Corps occupied the sea front and the sector of the coast 
in occupied Flanders. The staffs of the 1st and 2d Naval Divisions were permanently 
in command of this sector — the sea front (from Raversyde to the frontier of Zeeland 
as far as Maldegem was assigned to the 1st Naval Division; the front on land from the 
North Sea to Schoorbakke, 4 kilometers southeast Nieuport, to the 2d Naval Division). 
The six regiments of Marine Fusileers alternated between the two sectors, and conse- 
quently changed from one division to the other. 

4. In April, 1917, the three naval infantry regiments were withdrawn from the 
1st and 2d Naval Divisions to organize a new Division, the 3d Naval Division. These 
regiments had already formed a provisional division, from the end of September, 1916, 
to January, 1917, when they were engaged on the Somme. After fighting east of 
Ypres (August to November, 1917), the 3d Naval Division came into line at Nieuport 
(Lombartzyde) to the right of the 2d Naval Division in December. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The Marine or Sailor Fusileers, recruited at the beginning of the war from among 
the seamen or the population of the ports, had only a mediocre combat value at the 
time. 

Since 1917, in consequence of reinforcements taken from the land army, and also 
in consequence of reducing the age of the effectives, the regiments of Naval Fusileers 
seem to be of better quality. 

From a recruiting standpoint, they may be compared with the active divisions of 
the German Army. 

1918. 

1. The division was out of line in 1918 until May 1. From that date until Novem- 
ber 4 it held the extreme right of the German line. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. Until the last month of the war its front 
was quiet, ' 

125651°— 20 4 



50 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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965 Light Am. Col. 

1385 Light Am. Col. 

1386 Light Am. Col. 


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3 Co. Gd. Pions. 

211 Searchlight Section 
2 Gd. Signals Command.: 
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73 Wireless Detch. 


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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 51 



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52 Divisioisrs of German army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

1914. 

France. 

1. Entrained August 9 to 11 (notebooks). Detrained at Beutgenbach (12 kilos east 
of Malmedy). Entered Belgium August 14. Crossed the Meuse at Huy August 18. 
Crossed the Sambre at Auvelais (Aug. 22) on the right of the 1st Guard Division. 
Fought at Falisolle and Aisemont the 23d; at Mettet the 24th. Fought on the 29th 
at Haution and Vallee-aux-Bleds; on the 30th at St. Pierre (west of Vervins), on the 
left of the 1st Guard Division. 

2. From there via Lugny, Boncourt, La Malmaison, Ville-aux-Bois, Sarcy, Epernay, 
Avize, Vertus; fought after September 6 at Ecury-le-Repos and Normee. 

3. Retreated on the 9th at Vertus; 10th at Tauxieres; 11th at Thuizy. Was before 
Reims until September 30. 

4. In Artois in October (Bucqhoy, Monchy-aux-Bois, Adiiifer), near the 1st Guard 
Division. Split up in November like the latter; sent one of its brigades, the 4th, in 
the region of Ypres (Gheluvelt), and remained there until the end of December. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. In January the division was again assembled. At rest at Douai from the end of 
January till the middle of February. On the Monchy-aux-Bois-Puisieux front till 
the end of March. Entrained March 30 at Cambrai for Schelestadt (Alsace), where 
it was placed at rest. 

2. In April transferred to Galicia (Neu-Samdek, Apr. 26-30). 

3. Beginning on May 2 it took part in Mackensen's offensive — Battle of Gorlitz, 
May 2-3; at Jaroslav, May 16; battle of Krasnostav, July 17; crossed the Bug August 
24. At Zegrje, on the Narew, September 14. 

4. On September 16 it returned to Novo-Georgievsk and entrained for the western 
front. Detrained at Nivelles September 20. 

Feance-Lorette. 

5. The division was at rest for one month in Belgium. 

6. On October 25 entrained for Orchies and reached Henin-Lietard by stages and 
fought at Lorette on November 6 for 6 days. It suffered casualties again there. 

7. The^iivision went into line in the region between Noyon and Roye. 

1916. 
France-Somme. 

1. The 2d Guard Division remained in the sector of the region Noyon- Roye until 
August, 1916. 

2. On August 15 it Was sent to the Somme region (Chilly), where it suffered heavy 
losses both to the north and to the south of Peronne. 

3. From October 1 to the end of December, 1916, it fought for a second time south of 
Peronne. 

1917. 

1. At the end of January the division was sent to rest near Guise. To the east of 
Clery-sur-Somme, end of February. 

2. Then it held the Siegfried line, near Roisel and St. Quentin, for five or six days 
(beginning of March). 

3. Entrained for Vervins and sent back to rest (Mar. 16 to Apr. 12). 
Chemin des Dames. 

4. About April 12 the division Was sent to Sissonne. Went into line between 
Hurtebise and Craonne (Apr. 20 to 22), supporting or relieving the units of the 5th 
Guard Division. It remained for three weeks in the region of Craonne and Amifon- 
taine. It suffered new losses and still heavier ones on Californie Plateau. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 53 

5. On May 11 the division went to the Argonne by road (La Harazee, May 17) and 
was reorganized, receiving replacemeiits from the 613th, 614th, and 615th Regiments, 
which were dissolved. 

Russia. 

6. Withdrawn from the line at the beginning of July and entrained for the eastern 
front (from July 4 to 10), via Charleville, Givet, Namur, liege, Herbestal, Hanover, 
Berlin, Posen, Skalmiercyze, Ozidof. 

7. Took part in the attack on the Sereth (July 19); relieved August 1 and sent 
to rest. 

Riga. 

8. On August 9 entrained at Horlodylow and took part in the attack on Uxkull 
(Sept. 1). On the 4th it entered Riga. 

France. i 

9. From September 7 to 9 the division entrained for France, via Zanke, Mitaul 
Vilna, Kovno, Posen, Berlin, Hanover, Dusseldorf, Aix-la-Chapelle, Liege, Namur, 
Givet, Charleville. 

La Malmaison. 

Beginning September 21 it Was sent to Laon. About the 28th it Went into line in 
the Malmaison sector. On October 23 the French attack commenced and caused 
them very heavy losses (1,800 prisoners, of whom 50 officers, and many Wounded). 
Relieved on the 25th and its regiments, much reduced in strength, were sent to the 
region of Vervins. 

11. In the middle of November it held the sector of St. Mihiel, Forests of Apremont. 
The regiment received replacements from the interior and from the Russian front 
taken from the 226th Division. 

VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

The 2d Guard Division had the reputation of being a good division. It Buffered 
heavy losses in the Aisne sector in May, 1917. However, even after this attack the 
morale of the men on the whole seemed quite high. At the Malmaison attack, October 
23, the troops of the division, after three days, were completely defeated. 

During the last battles the division showed only moderate fighting value. 

1918. 

1. The 2d Guard Division was relieved by the 201st Division January 11 and went 
to rest at Metz. 

2. Here the division underwent a 10 weeks' course of training. March 18 it en- 
trained at Metz and traveled via Thionville to St. Amand, where it detrained on the 
evening of March 19. It went then via Marchiennes (Mar. 20-21), Montigny (Mar. 
21-22), to Lambres, where it arrived the evening of March 22. After 5 days' rest 
here the division moved up to the line at Vitry-en-Artois (Mar. 27) to reinforce the 
front for the attack north of the Scarpe on the 28th. Except for one battalion of the 
1st Guard Grenadier Regiment, the division took part in the fighting, as the attack 
was unsuccessful. 

MOREUIL. 

3. The following day it marched via Arleux-Morchies-Beaumetz-Haplincourt-Le 
Transloy-Les Boeufs-Maricourt, crossing the Somme at Suzanne-Proyart-Framerville- 
Caix-Mezieres. It went into reserve east of Mailly-Raineval, where it remained until 
April 5, when it came into line north of Rouvrel. It was relieved by the 6th Reserve 
Division May 2. • 

AlSNE. 

4. The di\dsion reinforced the Aisne battle front about May 26 to the west of Vailly. 
It was relieved, June 17, by the 40th Division. 



54 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Marne. 

5. After a rest in the Marie region the division reinforced the front near Chatillon- 
sur-Marne July 15. It was withdrawn on the 22d. 

SOMME. 

6. August 27 the division reinforced the front south of the Somme near Dompierre. 
It was relieved, September 3, by the Alpine Corps, after suffering heavy losses, and 
losing 1,450 prisoners. 

Le Catelet. 

7. During the night of September 11-12 it reinforced the front near Ronssoy (west 
of Le Catelet). It was withdrawn October 9. 

Ypres. 

8. After resting a fortnight the division relieved the 52d Reserve Division at 
Machelen, October 24. It was relieved by the 6th Cavalry Division November 4, 
and did not return to line. 

VALUE 1918 estimate. 

The 2d Guard Division is rated as a first-class assault division. It participated 
in a great deal of heavy fighting during 1918 and always acquitted itself very well. 
It was mentioned in the official communiques on several occasions. Between the 
end of August and October 9 it had lost 2,800 in prisoners alone. Indeed, its losses 
must have been very heavy, since there is positive evidence at hand to show that it 
received 4,000 replacements between August 10 and October 10. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(IStli Resen^e: Eighth District — Westphalia. 77th and 91st Reserve: Tenth Dis- 
trict — Hanover. ) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1 . At the beginning of the war the 2d Reserve Guard Division was grouped with the 
19th Reserve Division in the 10th Reserve Corps. This corps formed a part of the 
Second German Army (Von Biilow). 

The division entrained at Zulpich August 10, entered Belgium the 14th, passed the 
Meuse near Liege the 17th, surrounded Namur on the north, crossed the Sambre to 
the west of Charleroi on the 22d, fought at Marbaix the 23d, and the 29th and 30th at 
Ribemont and St. Quentin. 
Marne-Champagne . 

2. The 2d Reserve Guard Division was engaged in the battle of the Marne between 
Sezanne and Montmirail (Sept. 6-7). It retreated through Epernay and fought on 
the Rheims front. It held its position on this front (Courcy sector) up to the month 
of February, 1915. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. Toward the middle of February, 1915, the two brigades of the 2d Reserve Guard 
Division were separated. The 26th Brigade went into the line between Thiescourt and 
the Oise and the 38th Brigade went to the forest of the Argonne. 

2. Regrouped in Alsace in the vicinity of Schlestadt toward the end of April, the 
2d Reserve Guard Division was transported about May 20 to the district of La Bassee. 
It was engaged in the Cuinchy-Givenchy sector (June- July). 

3. About the 1st of August the division was sent to rest east of Cambrai. 

4. In September it occupied the sector of Vingles-Hulluch to the south of the La 
Bassee Canal. September 25-26 it took part in the third battle of the Artoiaand 
suffered great losses. Portions of the 2d Reserve Guard Division participated in the 
attack near Loos October 8. 

5. The division remained in the district of La Bassee up to April, 1916. 

* 1916. 

SOMME. 

1. The 2d Reserve Guard Division was relieved about April 7 of the Cuichy-Canal 
sector of La Bassee. After a rest in Belgium in the vicinity of Tournai, the division 
was placed in the Gommecourt sector (Somme), end of May. 

2. The Franco-British offensive found it in this sector July 1. It was severely 
engaged from July to November, 1916, sometimes in the vicinity of Pozieres, Thiepval, 
Bazentin-le-Petit (from July to September), sometimes farther north, and suffered 
serious losses (51 per cent of its personnel). 

3. The 2d Reserve Guard Division was maintained in the Gommecourt-Hebuterne 
sector during the entire winter of 1916-17. At the end of 1916 it ceded the 55th 
Reserve Infantry to the 220th Division (organization). 

1917. 

HiNDENBURG LiNE. 

1. The middle of March, 1917, the 2d Reserve Guard Division participated in the 
rotreat of the German Army; it went back through Bucquoy, Lagnicourt, Beaiimetz- 
les-Cambrai toward the Hindenburg line. It established itself on this line between 
Queant and Boursies until the end of May. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 57 

Flanders. 

2. At the beginning of June the division remained at rest several days in the vicinity 
of Cambrai, and was then transported to the Thielt (Pitthem-Eeghem) district (end of 
June). At the beginning of July it approached the front toward Staden. 

3. On July 31, certain elements of the division, being surprised and later reassembled 
on the western border of the Houthulst forest, counter attacked in the direction of 
Bixschoote and suffered rather heavy losses. 

4. The 2d Reserve Guard Division remained in this sector eight days. It was 
relieved August 8-9 and sent to rest in the district of Gand (Lakeren-Ostnieuwe- 
kerke) till the beginning of September. 

5. About the 10th of September it was sent into the line on the front west of Pas- 
schendaele (southeast of St. Julien). It was withdrawn from this position toward the 
end of the month in order to go in again, almost immediately, to the southeast of 
Armentieres. 

6. It remained there until the end of November, after which it reappeared on the 
front wesu and north of Passchendaele in December. 

7. It was relieved February 1, 1918, and went into the district of Roulers. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 2d Preserve Guard Division was always considered as being an excellent division 
because it had always fought well, though it showed only mediocre fighting qualities 
to the north of Ypres in 1917. 

The 31st of July it counterattacked without energy and without success in the direc- 
tion of Bixschoote. During the approach, a great number of men remained in the rear. 

Following this, its attitude was passive. 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1. The division remained in the Passchendaele sector until withdrawn about 
January 9. 

2. It came back into line, relieving the 199th Division, during the night of January 
23-24, north of Passchendaele. It was relieved by the 239th Division February 1. 

3. February 7 it relieved the 239th Division; relieved by 41st Division March 3. 
It then was trained for a fortnight. 

Cambrai. 

4. March 21 the division reinforced the Cambrai front near St. Leger, fighting, with 
heavy losses, until the 26th. 

Arras. 

5. It came back into line west of Neuville-Vitasse about April 3, relieving the 236th 
Division. April 29 the division was relieved by the extension of the fronts of the 
neighboring divisions. 

6. It went to the Douai area and rested there until coming into line in the Gavrelle 
sector during the night of June 7-8; it relieved the 187th Division. It was relieved 
by the 187th Division June 20 and went to be reconstituted in the Toumai area, 
receiving a draft from the 427th Infantry Regiment and another of over 500 men 
from Germany. 

7. The division relieved the 5th Bavarian Pveserve Division, near Bucquoy, August 
7. During the heavy fighting that followed it lost 2,400 in prisoners alone. It was 
withdrawn August 25. 

8. September 2 it reinforced the front near the Arras-Cambrai road, whence it 
was withdrawn about the middle of the month. 

La BassiSe. 

9. It then relieved the 9th Reserve Division near Neuve-Chapelle September 26. 



68 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

10. October 5 prisoners belonging to tlie division were identified near Ledeghem. 
It remained there, being identified by prisoners November 11. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The general commanding the 2d Guard Reserve Division was decorated in February 
and again in May. The last decoration was Pour le Merite, and was accompanied 
by promotion. August 15 Gen. Petersdorff reprimanded the division because, as he 
said, "within 14 days, 1 noncommissioned officer and 10 other ranks have been missing 
from the division * * *." It is considered as a second-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 59 






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60 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(First District — Oriental Prussia.) 

1914. 

The first and second divisions formed the 1st Army Corps. 
Russia. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 2d Division was sent to the Russian front. Up 
to the month of November it participated in the operations in Oriental Prussia (Tan- 
nenberg, Aug. 27-29). 

2. In November, 1914, the 2d Division, minus one brigade, which continued to 
hold its old sector, was withdrawn and included in the group which attacked in the 
direction of Lodz and operated between the Vistula and the Warta; continuing its 
activities, it attempted to cross the Bzura-Rawka opposite Warsaw in the district 
of Lowicz. 

1915. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1915, it reappeared in Oriental Prussia and par- 
ticipated in the offensive which ejected the Russians from this Province. It was 
engaged in its entirety in the district of Lyck and marched upon Augustowo and 
Grodno. 

2. The Russian counter attack launched in the vicinity of Prasnysz toward the 
end of March drew the 2d Division to this sector. 

3. In July during the development of the Hindenburg offensive, it emerged from 
the Ostrolenka-Pultusk line and proceeded in a northerly direction. 

4. Upon the stabilization of the front the 2d Division held a sector between Illukst 
and Lake Drisviaty (Dwinsk District). 

1916. 

1. At the end of July, 1916, portions of the 2d Division were assigned to duty in 
Galicia to oppose the Russian advance. 

1917. 

1. The reconstituted 2d Division was engaged in the Mitau sector up to the end of 
January, 1917; all its units were identified in the vicinity of Kalnzen. 

2. On February 8 it entrained at Mitau for the western front. (Itinerary: Chavli, 
Kovno, Insterburg, Konigsberg, Stettin, Hamburg, Miinster, Aix-la-Chapelle, Lifege, 
Louvain, Bruxelles, Audenarde.) 

Belgium. 

3. Detrained February 13 and remained at rest up to the end of March. It received 
reinforcements of various classes of men (wounded, convalescents, class 1917 reservists). 

4. The division occupied the Wytschaete sector from the 25th of March to the be- 
ginning of June. (On April 15 and May 10 and 15 it received the first reinforcements 
from the class of 1918, the last having had only three months' instruction; In all, 
4,460 men between January 1 and June 1.) On June 7 it left 2,825 men in the hands 
of British troops. 

5. On June 10 the 2d Division retired from the Belgian front. It was placed at 
rest in the district of Audenarde in June and then entrained for the eastern front 
(end of June). 

Russia. 

6. It arrived in Russia at the beginning of July and was put at rest in the district 
of Vilna. On July 14 it was identified in the Illukst District. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 61 

France. • 

7. It returned to France on the 25th of November. It entrained on this date at 
Kovno and was transported over the following itinerary: Insterburg, Thorn, Posen, 
Frankfort-sur-Oder, Berlin, Paderborn, Crefeld, Aix-la-Chapelle, Li^ge, Namur, 
Vouziers (Nov. 30). 

8. On December 27 it relieved the 1st Bavarian Division in the Souain-Somme-Py 
sector. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Except during the period March-June, 1917, when the 2d Division was fighting in 
Belgium, it continuously occupied the Russian front from the beginning of the war 
till December, 1917. 

■ 1918. 

Champagne. 

1. The 2d Division remained in line in the Souaine-Somme-Py region until relieved 
by the 87th Division about April 2. It went back to the Army depot at Semide, 
where it stayed about a week drilling and maneuvering. April 10 it entrained at 
Machault, and went via Rethel, Liart, Marie, and detrained at La Ferte-Chevresis, 
encamping in the vicinity. It traveled by St. Simon (Apr. 11), Ham, Solente (5 
km. east of Roye), and Laboissiere, where it stayed until April 30. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. May 1 the division relieved the 51st Reserve Division at Monchel, south of 
Montdidier; relieved August 31. 

St. Quentin. 

3. The division was identified in line near Essigny-le-Grand, south of St. Quentin, 
September 5; it was relieved about the 15th by the extension of the fronts of the 
neighboring divisions. 

4. During the night of September 20-21 it went back into line north of St. Quentin, 
in the Bellenglise sector. It was withdrawn about the 10th. 

5. The division rested for a fortnight in the Avesnes area, then came into line 
October 24, relieving the 19th Reserve Division east of Ribemont (southeast of St. 
Quentin). It was withdrawn from line early in November and did not return. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 2d is rated as a third-class division. It was used in a great deal of heavy fighting 
and suffered severe losses (July 23 it lost 54 officers and 1,800 men in prisoners alone 
west of the Avre; the 9th and 10th of August it lost 443 prisoners; in its engagements 
between August 8 and October 1 it lost over 1,500 prisoners). Nevertheless, it was never 
used as an attacking division, but confined itself to holding the sectors allotted it; 
on account of its weakened condition and lowered morale (there are several cases of 
insubordination on record), it did not acquit itself any too well. 



62 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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DIVISIONS OF GERM AN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 63 

HISTORY. 

(Thirteenth District — Wurttemberg. ) 

1914. 
Argonne. 

1. The 2d Landsturm Division (Franke Division) forma a part of the Argonne 
group and has continuously occupied sectors of this district since September, 1914. 
At the beginning of the campaign it comprised a Wurttemberg and a Bavarian bri- 
gade. Engaged at Etain August 24, 1914, it crossed the Meuse at Stenay on the 31st. 

2. Beginning with September it occupied the line in the woods of Cheppy and 
Malancourt. 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1. Vauquois-bois de Malancourt sector. 

2. At the end of September, 1915, portions of the division (one battalion of the 
6th and one of the 7th Bavarian Landsturm) were assigned to service in the district 
of Massiges; they rejoined the Vauquoia sector at the end of October. 

1916. . - 

Argonne. . 

1. Vauquois-bois d'Avocourt and Malancourt sector. 

2. At the beginning of 1916 the 2d Landsturm Division was reconstituted with 
exclusively Wurttemberg elements, including the 120th Laudsturm, withdrawn 

from the Bavarian Ersatz Division, and the 122d Landsjfedrrm, proceeding from the lat '-"■'-v^ 
Bavarian Lan^turm Division. The 9th Bavarian brigade went over to the 1st 
Bavarian Landstjirm Division. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1. In the Cheppy-bois d'Avocourt wood sector. , 

2. At the end of August, 1917, the 2d Landsturm Division changed places with 
the 2d Bavarian Division and took the Nord Four sector of Paris-Bolante-Courte- 
Chauese. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Sector division. Did not leave Argonne from the beginning of the war. On 
several occasions it furnished young men to active and reserve Wurttemberg regi- 
ments, replacing them by older Landsturm men. 

1918. 
Argonne. 

The division remained in line in the Apremont sector, engaging in but little activity 
until the American attack of September 26. From that time on until it was with- 
drawn, October 25, it fought a great deal. 

A^ALUE 1918 E.STIMATE. 

Most of the young men of the division were taken from it to be sent to other organi- 
zations early in the year. October 12 the corps commander telegraphed the King of 
Wurttemberg (the 2d Landwehr Division comes from Wurttemberg): "The 2d Land- 
wehr Division * * * has particularly distinguished itself by its bravery and in- 
trepidity during the last combats in the Argonne and has thus contributed toward the 
failure of the enemy's attempt to break through." It was badly used on the opening 
day of the American attack, but it fought hard. It loaned companies to various other 
divisions, including the 1st and 5th Guard Divisions, and for days at a time these 
Landwehr troops were making the greatest resistance in the Aire Valley. While 
the division loat only 795 prisoners during the offensive, its total losses undoubtedly 
are above 5,000, there being evidence to show that many companies did not have 
more than 25 men, there being only three companies per battalion, and — in at least 
one case — only two battalions in the regiment. It is rated as a fourth-class division. 



64 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 65 

HISTORY. 
(First Bavarian District — Southwest of Bavaria, Bavarian Swabia.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. At the beginning of August the 2d Bavarian Division which, with the 1st Bava- 
rian Division, formed the 1st Bavarian Corps, was a part of the army of the Crown 
Prince of Bavaria (6th Army). The 3d Brigade, covering troops, detrained at Reding 
near Saarburg, the 3d of August. On the 9th the division was at its full strength. It 
proceeded to the frontier, reached Badonviller, and retired as far as Gosselming (west 
of Saarbm'g) the 17th of August, gave battle there on the 20th, and recrossed the 
frontier. It advanced as far as Xaffevillers (Sept. 7), whence it retired to Morhange 
(Sept. 10). On September 15 the division entrained atMetz. It detrained near 
Namur, gained Peronne by stages, and was engaged at Foucaucoiu"t the 24th. 

SoMME. 

2. Together with the 1st Bavarian Corps it was attached to the 2d Army (Von 
Billow), operating on the Somme in the district of Peronne. It took part in the 
fiercely contested battles which took place there but a short time after the stabiliza- 
tion of the front and suffered serious losses. At the beginning of the campaign, 
October 30, the 12th Infantry had 50 officers and 1,910 men who were unable to take 
part in action (lists of losses). 

3. The division was maintained in this district up to the month of October, 1915, 
first to the south of the Somme, later, at the beginning of November, 1914, between 
Dompierre and Maricourt. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. In April, 1915, the division was reduced to three regiments through the cession 
of the 3d Infantry to the 11th Bavarian Division. Between the 10th and 15th of 
October, 1915, the 2d Bavarian Division was placed on the Artois front in the Neuville- 
Souchez sector. 

2. About the 20th of December it was in the line at Bailleul-Sire-Berthoult between 
the western part of the Lille road and the Arras road. 

3. It remained there until the beginning of May, 1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. At this date it was relieved and transported to Verdun. It participated in the 
violent battles which took place there in May and June in the vicinity of Douaumont 
and suffered serious ' losses (50 per cent of its personnel). It was reconstituted in 
June in the district of Merke-Romagne-sur-les-Cotes (reinforcement of from 50 to 100 
men per company), and went back to the line near Thiaumont. It suffered serious 
losses in the attack of June 23 (the companies of the 12th Bavarian Regiment were 
reduced to about 40 men). 

Lorraine. 

2. The 2d Bavarian Di-\dsion was withdrawn from this zone of combat about the 
15th of July and was sent to the Apremont-St. Mihiel sector, where it was reconsti- 
tuted. It received numerous reinforcements (convalescents and class 16 men). 
During this period, which extends up to October 15, it did not take part in any serious 
operation. 

Somme. 

3. At the end of October it was transported to the Somme (Sailly-Saillisel sector), 
where it was again put to a severe test. 

4. After staying a month in the Somme district it reoccupied the lines in the St. 
Mihiel sector at the beginning of December. 

125651°— 20 5 



66 DIVISIONS or German aemy which participated in war. 

1917. 
Californie Plateau. 

1. The 2d Bavarian Division was withdrawn from the St. Mihiel sector between 
the 2d and 5th of May, 1917, and entrained at Mars-la-Tour on the 6th, whence it was 
transported via Conflans to Montcornet, where, during the night of the 8th, it gained 
the sector situated to the east of Hurtebise. 

2. From the 9th on the 2d Bavarian Division engaged some of its elements on the 
salient northeast of Californie Plateau (May 9 and 10). 

3. The division occupied this sector up to the end of May and participated in 
serious engagements notably those of the 13th and 22d of May to the northwest of the 
plateau. It was put to a very severe test. (The 9th Company of the 20th Battalion 
was reduced to 45 men.) 

Argonne. 

4. The 2d Bavarian Division was relieved at th6 beginning of June and sent to rest 
for 15 days at Camp Sissonne ; later it was transported to the Argonne, where it occupied 
the Grande Courte-Chausse sector. During this rest it received two reinforcements — 
700 to 800 men June 28 and 300 men in July. 

5. At the end of August it changed sectors and went into the line toward Bois 
d'Avocourt (Bois de Cheppy). 

Meuse. 

6. The division was withdrawn from this sector at the end of October and remained 
in repose in the vicinity of Stenay up to the middle of November, whence it was di- 
rected to the sector west of the Bois-le-Chaume. The 12th Bavarian Regiment, 
which had been sent in reserve' to the southeast of Altkirch about the 10th of Novem- 
ber to ward off an expected French attack in Alsace, rejoined the division December 6. 

7. The 2d Bavarian Division remained in this sector (southeast of Beaumont) up 
to January, 1918, and then went to rest in the district of Longwy. 

VALUE 1917 estimate. 

The 2d Bavarian Division participated on the 9th and 10th of May, 1917, in violent 
but unsuccessful counterattacks on the salient northeast of the Californie Plateau. It 
appears that the Bavarians were always placed in the most dangerous positions and 
that they were sacrificed by the Prussians. 

In spite of this rondition the 2d Bavarian Division still showed itself as a good 
division (July, 1917). 

1918. 

Meuse. 

1. The division remained in line north of the Bois des Fosses until relieved by the 
19th Reserve Division, January 14. It went then to the Longwy region, where it was 
put through a stiff course of training in open warfare. 

Amiens. 

2. March 23 it entrained at Audun-le-Roman, and traveled via Longwy-Sedan- 
Charleville-Hirson-Anor-Avesnes-Le Cateau-Bertry-Caudry to Cambrai, where it 
detrained March 24-25. At first the division marched in the direction of Bapaumes, 
but was diverted in a southerly direction on the way and parsed through Le Transloy- 
Sailly-Saillisel-Peronne-Villers-Carbonnel-Estrees-Foucaucourt and billeted at Beau- 
court-en-Santerre on the night of March 30-31. April 2 it attacked at Morisel, and 
two days later to the southwest of Morisel. It fought then until the 15th, when it 
side-slipped to the north, relieving the 54th Division, its place being taken by the 
15th Division. It was relieved about May 4 by the 21st Division. 

3. It moved to the area southeast of Ghent, and there was reconstituted and trained. 
June 2, it relieved the 14th Bavarian Division in the Morisel sector. It was relieved 
the middle of the month by the extension of fronts of the neighboring divisions. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 67 

Champagne. 

4. It rested in rear of the front in Champagne for about a month and then entered 
line in the Navarin sector (north of Souain), being identified by prisoners, July 15. 
It was withdrawn on the 20th. 

Veslb. 

5. August 4 the division relieved the 22d Division at Jonchery (on the Vesle, east 
of Fismes). It remained in line, taking part in the general retirement, until the 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 2d Bavarian is one of the very best German shock divisions. It was called 
upon to do a great deal of heavy fighting, and always acquitted itself well. It suffered 
severe losses in consequence, but these were made good as long as the Geiman High 
Command had replacements at its disposal. 



68 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAH. 

2(1 Bavarian Landwelir Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Begiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




9 Bav. Ldw. 


2 Bav. Ldw. 
5 Bav. Ldw. 
10 Bav. Ldw. 


9 Bav. Ldw. 


2 Bav. Ldw. 




5 Bav. Ldw. 
10 Bav. Ldw. 


Cavalry 


5th Sqn. 4th Bav. Light Cav. 


3 Sqn. 1 Bav. Res. Cav. Rgt. 






Artillery 


Art. command: 
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811 and 905 F. A. Btries. 


2 Bav. Ldw. F. A. Rgt. 


Engineers and Liaisons . 


(25 Bav.) Eng. Btn.: 

2 Bav. Ldw. Pion. Co. 

3 Bav. Ldw. Pion. Co. 
302 Bav. T. M. Co. 
502 Tel. Detch. 


25 Bav. Pion. Btn.: 

2 Bav. Ldw. Pion. Co. 

3 Bav. Ldw. Pion. Co. 

12 Bav. Searchlight Section. 
502 Signals Command: 
502 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary . 


24 Bav. ximbulance Co. 
17 Bav. Field Hospital. 
63 Bav. Field Hospital. 
32 Vet. Hospital. 


21 Bav. Ambulance Co. 
63 Bav. Field Hospital. 
17 Bav. Field Hospital. 


Transports 


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HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 
1917. 

The 2d Bavarian Landwehr Division was formed in Lorraine at the end of December, 
1916, and the beginning of January, 1917. Two of its regiments, the 5th Bavarian 
Landwehr and the 10th Bavarian Landwehr, were assigned respectively to the 1st y 
Bavarian Landwehr Division and the 33d Reserve Division, at that time on the 
Lorraine front. The 2d Bavarian Landwehr was ceded by the 6th Bavarian Land- 
wehr Division, which held a Vosges sector. 
Russia. 

1. As soon as it was constituted the 2d Bavarian Landwehr Division was transported 
to the Eastern front via Frankfort and Leipzig. 

Courlande. 

2. Directed to Courlande and attached to the 8th Army it entered the line in the 
vicinity of Friedrichstadt (middle of January, 1917) and remained in thia district 
up till February, 1918. In September it participated in the operations against Riga. 
In December a number of men were detached in order to reinforce the 10th Bavarian 
Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

It remained on the Russian front from the time of its formation (January, 1917). It 
held the calm sector of Courlande in 1917; it occupied Livonia in 1918 (May). Men 
under 35 years of age were withdrawn from the 5th Bavarian Landwehr in December, 
1917 (letter). It is rated as a 4th class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 69 

2(1 Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 




22 Cav. (11 C. D.). 
25 Cav. (18 C. Dist.). 

7 Bav. Cav. (Sieben- 
burgische). 


5 Drag. Rgt. 




14 Hus. Rgt. 

23 Gd. Drag. Rgt. (1 
Sqn. Detch.). 

24 Gd. Drag. Rgt. (3 
Sqn. detached). 

4 Bav. Light Cav. Rgt. 
(3 Sqn. detached). 

5 Bav. Light Cav. Rgt. 
(3 Sqn. detached). 




15 Horse Art. Abt. 








2 Vac'. Pion. Detch. ^^ 




7 Cav. Pion. Detch.. 
200 Bav. T. M. Co. 


Medical and Veterinary - 


21 Ambulance Co. 






Odd units 


2 M. G. Btrv. 




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Attached 


4 Jag. Btn. 




1 Cyclist Co. 3 Jag. BtE 

2 CycHst Co. 3 Jag. Btr 





HISTORY. 

1918. 

1. The division was in the Stochod sector until February 28, when it advanced 
through Kiev and Kharhov to Rostov, where it was on August 4. At this date the 
division occupied the area between Kharkov and Rostov. The troops were fre- 
quently attacked by armed bands or by mobs. In this way they suffered some heavy 
losses. The German cruiser Goehen, which had been supporting them, was damaged 
by fire and had to put into Constantinople. 

Nothing was known of the division's movements after August, 1918. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was considered as 4th class. 



70 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 71 

HISTORY. 

1915. 
Belgium. 

1. The 2d Naval Division, formed November 24, 1914, was a part of the Naval 
Corps at this time. 

Since its formation the 6th Naval Fusileer Regiments of the Corps alternate in 
Flanders between the coast sector (2d Naval Division) and the sea front (1st Naval 
Division). 

1916. 

2. In September, 1916, the 3d Naval Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 
Naval Division, which later became the 3d Naval Division, engaged on the Somme. 

1917. 

Flanders. 

Sector of the coast and sea front. The staff of the 2d Naval Division remained in 
charge of the coast sector. 

1918. 

1. In early March the division was relieved in its sector southeast of Nieuport and 
took over the coast sector from the 3d Naval Division. Elements of the division 
reinforced the German attacking forces north of Bixschoote on April 17. 

2. After October 15, the division retreated toward Ostend and Maldeghem. It was 
last identified at Wachtebeke on November 2. On the day of the armistice it was 
considered to be in reserve of the 4th Army. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



72 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 































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DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 73 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
France. 

1. In August, 1914, the 3d Guard Division was first directed to the Western Front. 
It fought below Namur. 

Russia. {^o^jt 

2. The 27th of August the division was transported to Silesia via Oiental Prussia. 
It took part in the invasion of southern Poland. 

3. The group of armies of which it formed a part was turned back and was obliged 
to retire to Lodz. 

4. During the winter of 1914-15 it took part in the severe engagements on the 
Bzura. 

1915. y 

1. At the beginning of 1915 the 3d Guard Division was dismembered; the 5th Brigade 
was sent to Oriental Prussia; the 6th Brigade, to the south of the Carpathians, was 
engaged in the Uzsok defile district. 

2. In March, 1915, the 6th Brigade alone formed the 3d Guard Division, with the 
addition of the 9th Grenadier Regiment to its own two regiments. Thus formed, the 
3d Guard Division took part in the campaign of the summer of 1915. (Carpathians 
Oriental Galicia. Linsingen's army.) 

3. The division took up its position before Tarnopol and passed the winter of 1915-16 
there. (Bothmer's army.) 

1916. 
France. 

1. In April, 1916, the 3d Guard Division was transported to the Western Front. 
It occupied a sector in Champagne and took part in no serious engagements. 

2. It was sent to rest at Valenciennes the 1st of June. 

SOMME. 

3. The 1st of July (beginning of the Franco-British offensive) the 3d Guard DiAdsion 
went into the line on the Somme. It was put to a severe test there, particularly in 
the Thiepval district (57.5 per cent loss). 

4. After the Somme it was sent to the Dixmude front. 
Galicia. 

5. It was transported to Galicia (beginning of September) by the following itinerary: 
Liege, Cologne, Leipzig, Dresden, Cracow, Przemysl. 

6. At Halicz the 3d Guard Division took part in the German counteroffensive, 
and again suffered great losses. 

France. 

7. It was sent back to the Western Front on the 24th of November by the following 
itinerary: Lemberg, Jaroslaw, Gorlitz, Dresden, Chemnitz, Nurnberg, Heilbronn, 
Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Rheinweiler, and having arrived there the 20th of November, 
was Bent to rest for a month. 

1917. 
Lorraine. 

1. Beginning with January and up to April 6, 1917, the division occupied the sector 
of the forest of Parroy. 

2. The 8th of April it entrained at Metz, and arrived at Cambrai via Montmedy, 
Sedan, and Charleville 



74 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Artois. 

3. Engaged in action before Arras in order to repulse the English offensive From 
April 15 on, it participated in severe battles (May). 

4. On the 18th of May the division was relieved and sent into the Cambrai district. 
After a short period of repose it occupied the Pronville-Inchy-en- Artois sector (June 
1-22). 

5. It was sent in reserve to the Bruges sector (June 22). 

6. It was transported to Thourout the 9th of July and remained there at rest until 
July 29. 

Ypres. 

7. On the 31st of July, the date of the great British attack, the 3d Guard Division 
suffered very heavy losses (1,000 prisoners) in relieving the 23d Reserve Division in 
the Pilken sector. 

Alsace. 

8. It was relieved the 5th and 6th of August and transported to Alsace, where it 
was placed at rest. At the beginning of September it occupied the Altldrch sector. 
Flanders. 

9. About the 7th of October the division was again sent to Flanders to the northeast 
of Zonnebecke. 

10. The 3d Guard Division left the Ypres froa* (Zonnebecke) at the beginning of 
November, 1917. 

Cambrai. 

11. After remaining in the yicinity of Ghent it went into action before Cambrai 
near the Bourlon wood (Nov. 22). 

12. It was relieved the 10th of December and went to rest in the Vendegies 
District (south of Valenciennes — division maneuvers). 

1918. 

Cambrai. 

1. The division returned to the line in the sector, southwest of Cambrai on January 
10, relieving the 21st Reserve Division. It remained in line until the 119th Division 
relieved it on February 12. 

2. The division retired to Hem-Lenglet (north of Cambrai) where it rested and under- 
went instruction. 

Battle of Picaedy. 

3. The division entered the line on March 19, between Inchy-en- Artois and Pronville. 
Engaged in the advance between the 21st and 24th. It suffered heavy losses on the 
22d in the fighting north of Beaumetz, passing to the second line on the 24th. The 
division came back and participated in the fighting about Bucquoy and Hebuterne, 
March 26-April 3. 

4. Returning from the Somme front about April 4, the division was at rest until 
April 18. 

Battle of the Lys. 

5. The division was engaged on the Lys, northeast of Estaires, after April 18, then 
north of Kemmel from April 30 to May 5. Heavy losses featured the fighting. 

6. After resting at Halluin for seven days the division was moved by rail to Lorraine 
by the route Namur, Treves, Saarbruck, Sarreguemines. 

Lorraine. 

7. On May 18 the division relieved the 202d Division in the Chateau Salins sector. 
While in this quiet sector the division received reinforcements. AVhen it left the line 
on June 24, the division was comparatively fresh and an available reinforcement for 
a battle front. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 75 

Champagne. 

8. On leaving Lorraine the division moved to Rozay-sur-Lene, July 1, and later 
southward to Hannogne. 

9. In the offensive of July 15, the division fought east of Rheims in the region of 
des Monts. Between the 15th and 31st heavy losses were suffered. It is known to 
have received a draft of 300 men in July. 

10. While at rest behind the Champagne front further drafts of men from Russia and 
Rumania were received. 

11. The division held the line in Champagne north of St. Hilaire-le-Grand from 
August 15 to September 18. 

12. Upon relief the division was first sent to Laon, but was hastily entrained and 
hurried to Machault, where it entered the line immediately. 

Battle of Argonne. 

13. From September 27 to October 5 the division was engaged between Somme-Py 
and Manre; then it fought near Orfeuil where 900 prisoners were lost. Acting as a 
rear guard, the division covered the retreat from Machault to Voziers. Extremely 
heavy losses were reported in this period. 

14. Withdrawn on the 8th, the division was moved by truck to Romagne. After 
two days in reserve it entered the line on the 12th, now opposing the first American 
Army. In this sector it fought vigorously, making perhaps the stiffest resistance 
encountered in the offensive. 

15. The division went out on October 17 and rested until the 26th. 

16. Reengaged northeast of Attigny (Rilly-aux-Dies) on the 26th, the division 
continued in line until the armistice. The last identification was southeast of Mezieres 
on November 7. Five hundred prisoners were lost by the division diuing their last 
period in line. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 3d Guard Division was rated as one of the best German divisions. It was 
completely exhausted in the offensive of March and April and suffered from a low 
morale in July and August. . The Argonne Battle losses were very severe for the 
division. The regiments were reduced to 200 and 300 effectives. 



76 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 77 

HISTORY. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

(Second District — Pomerania). 
1914. 

1. The 3d and 4th Division together composed the 2d Army Corps (Stettin). 

2. At the beginning of the war it gave up one of its five regiments, the 54th Infantry, 
for the formation of the 36th Reserve Division, which operated against Russia. 
Belgium. 

3. In August, 1914, the 3d Division formed a part of the 1st Army (Von Kluck). 
It invaded Belgium the 13th and 14th of August, passing through Vise (Aug. 14), 
Hasselt (Aug. 17), Aerschot (Aug. 19), Laeken (Aug. 21) and entered France on 
the 24th. 

Marne. 

4. It was at Cambrai on the 26th and on the Somme the 28th. It took part in the 
Battle of the Marne at Vareddes on the 7th of September (district northeast of Meaux). 

5. Was situated to the north of Soissons after the retreat. The 2d of October it 
was in the district south of Roye; on the 4th it fought near Beauvraignes. 

6. At the beginning of November it was transported to Flanders (Wytschaete- 
Messines District) where it remained till the end of the month. 

Russia. 

7. It then entrained for Russia (end of November). On its arrival it was divided. 
The 5th Brigade was attached to the 8th Army in Oriental Prussia, the 6th Brigade 
to the 10th Army to the east of Lodz. 

1915. 

1. During the first months of 1915 the two brigades remained separated and changed 
position with their respective armies. The 5th Brigade went into the government 
of Souvalki near the frontier of Oriental Prussia; the 6th into Poland near Prasnysz 
and the Narew. 

2. In May, at the time of the formation of new divisions, the 5th Brigade was 
broken up. The 2d Grenadiers, then in Courland, went over to the Homeyer 
Brigade which then became the 109th Division; the 9th Grenadiers went as the 
third Regiment to the 3d Guard Division which abandoned one of its brigades (the 
5th Guard) for the formation of a 4th Guard Division. 

3. The 3d Division, reduced to the 6th Brigade, completed itself by the addition 

of the 4th Landwehr Regiment (1st, 2d, and 4th Battalions). The progress of the 

Russian offensive conducted it into the Vidzy District, where it firmly established 

itself. 

1916. 

1. Its composition varied still more in the course of the year 1916 and it lost the 
two active regiments which it still had. The 42d Infantry left it in September to 
go to the Kovel District and from there to Macedonia; in December the 34th Fusil- 
liers left it definitely in order to go to Courland. In exchange it received two regi- 
ments formed in the autumn, the 426th and the 428th Infantry. 

1917. 

1. There was no change of composition or position during 1917. 

1918. 

The division remained in the east throughout the year. Its movements were 
obscure. The division was rated fourth class. 



78 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



























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HISTORY. 

(Fifth District— Posen.) 

1914. 
Russia. 

At the beginning of the war the 3d Landwehr Division formed a part of the 2d 
Landwehr Corps (old 6th Landwehr Corps) and always occupied the eastern front. 
Poland. 

1. Up to the German offensive of the summer of 1915 the 3d Landwehr Division, 
along with the 2d Landwehr Corps, participated in the Polish campaign. At the 
end of October, 1914, it Was identified before Warsaw (Rawa- Vistula); in the middle 
of November it Was in retreat to the south and east of Czenstochow; in December it 
was to the west of Kielce. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1. In January, 1915, the 2d Landwehr Corps was still in the Kielce District. 

2. Toward the middle of February a brigade (19th Landwehr Brigade) Was detached 
to the northeast of Warsaw (Plock-Mlawa). Reassembled to the west of Kielce in 
April, the 3d Landwehr Division remained between the Vistula and the Pilica until 
July. 

Baranovitchi. 

3. The division took part in the offensive against the Russians (July-August); 
it was before Ivangorod July 20 and arrived in the vicinity of Baranovitchi toward 
the end of August. 

4. In October it was in the line near Goroditche. In November it took the Liakho- 
vitchi sector (south of Baranovitchi). 

1916. 

1. The 3d Landwehr Division remained to the southeast of Baranovitchi (Liakho- 
vitchi) for more than two years (November, 1915- January, 1918). The 37th Land- 
welir became independent in July, 1916, and received various successive additions. 
About the same date the 3d Landwehr Division furnished a part of the elements 
necessary to the formation of the 420th Infantry. In return the 327th Landwehr 
was assigned to it, and it kept this regiment until June, 1917, ceding it at that time 
to the 4th Landwelir Division. 

1917. 

1. Liakhovitchi sector. In November the 3d Landwehr Division sent an important 
reinforcement to the 9th Division (particularly to the 7th Grenadiers); two months 
later a smaller reinforcement Was sent to the 43d Reserve Division, which was pre- 
paring to leave the eastern front. 

1918. 
The division remained in the eastern theatre throughout the year. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division remained on the Russian front from the beginning of the war. 
Fighting value mediocre. It was rated as fourth class. 



80 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IK WAR. 
















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HISTORY. 

(Second Bavarian District — Bavaria, Bavarian Palatinate.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. At the time of the declaration of war the 3d Bavarian Division and the 4th Bava- 
rian Division constituted the 2d Bavarian Army Corps. At the beginning of August, 
1914, the 2d Bavarian Army Corjjs formed a part of the 6th Army (Crown Prince of 
Bavaria). It detrained at Faiilquemont (Lorraine) on August 8, and the 3d Bava- 
rian Division was to the north of Chateau-Salina on the 10th. It took part in the 
Battle of Morhange on the 20th, jjassed the frontier, pillaged Gerbeviller on its way, 
and advanced as far as the left bank of the Mortagne. Forced to turn back, it 
moved near Metz the 15th of September and entrained the 19th. 
Somme-Flanders. 

2. Similar to the 1st Bavarian Army Corps, the 2d Bavarian Army Corps was 
attached to the 2d Army and fought in the Peronne District (end of September) ; then 
it was transported to Flanders, where it rejoined the 6th Army. 

3. From November, 1914, to October, 1915, the 2d Bavarian Army Corps occupied 
the front from the Ypres-Comines Canal as far as Douve. During this period it gen- 
erally remained on the defensive. 

1915. 

1. In April, 1915, the 3d Bavarian Division ceded the 22d Infantry to the 11th 
Bavarian Division, formed at this time. 

In June, 1915, the 3d Bavarian Division was sent as a reinforcement for a short 
time to the Arras sector. 
Artois. 

2. In the month of October the 2d Bavarian Army Corps (3d and 4th Bavarian 
Divisions) was transported to the Auchy-Loos sector and kept there until August, 1916. 

1916. 

1. In the Looa sector the 2d Bavarian Army Corps showed itself very active. It 
undertook mine works and executed them with great rapidity. At the end of April 
it attempted a gas attack; this latter had no success, however. 

SOMME. 

2. The 3d Bavarian Division left the Loos sector with its Army Corps about August 
25 and went into the Somme District. It occupied the Martinpuich-Bazentin-le- 
Petit sector up to the 15th of September and fought with characteristic stubbornness. 
Its total losses during this period reached 4,976 men (55 per cent). 

3. The Division rethed from the Somme September 27 and was sent to the Douve 
sector (from this river to the Armenti^res-Lille railroad). It remained there till the 
end of March, 1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. The 3d Bavarian Division was relieved fi'om Armentieres March 20, 1917. It 
was transported to the Arras District, situated on the Scarpe front, on April 11. It 
suffered considerable loss in the two unfortunate counterattacks of Monchy-le-Preux 
and in the French counterattack of April 23. 

2. The division was withdrawn from the front April 25 and sent to rest in the 
Roubaix zone until the beginning of June. 

Flanders. 

3. On June 5 the 3d Bavarian Division began to relieve the 40th Division in the 
Messinea sector. The British attack took place on the 7th during this relief. The 
division lost the village and the summit of Messines. It suffered considerable loss 
and left 1,531 prisoners in the hands of the enemy. (The 17th Battalion was reduced 
to 800 men; the 23d suffered about equal losses; the 18th lost fewer men.) 
Lorraine. 

4. The 3d Bavarian Division was withdrawn from the Messines sector June 8, 1917, 
and taken to the Confians area. After a short period of repose, during which, it 

125651°— 20 6 



82 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

was partially reconstituted, it was put into the line in the sector of the Bezange forest 
(south of Chateau-Salins) July 18, 

5. The 3d Bavarian Division received a reinforcement of 4,500 men — convalescents, 
exclusively — between June 8 and the end of August. (At the end of August the 
personnel averaged only 120 men who drew rations (80 combatants) per company in 
the 17th Battalion.) The losses sustained the 7th of June had not been made good 
by the 28th of August. 

6. The division was sent into Lorraine for rest and reconstitution, remaining on the 
defensive, and pursuing the instruction of its detachments in the use of light minne- 
werfers and assault tactics. 

AlSNE. 

7. It left Lorraine in the middle of October. On the 28th it occupied the Aisne 
front to the north of Braye-en-Laonnois (Trucy sector). The 17th Battalion was the 
only one to engage in the October battles which preceded the German retreat to the 
north of the Ailette. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 3d Bavarian Division is one of the best German units. 

It always fought well, showing great energy in the offensive and preserving a great 
tenacity in the defensive. 
Nevertheless, the fighting value of this division appears to have diminished during 

the course of the year 1917. 

1918. 

1. About January 1 the division was relieved and went into training in the region 
Fournes-Chimay, where it remained for four weeks. 

St. Gobain. 

2. The division relieved the 47th Reserve Division near Septvaux about February 
1, and occupied the line until March 28. 

3. Retired from the front on the 28th; the division was sent toward Chauny-La 
Fere, where it constituted the reserve division of the 8th Reserve Corps. 

No YON. 

4. In April the division alternated between short periods in line and brief rests. 
North of Plemont it relieved the 7th Reserve Division about April 2, was relieved by 
the 1st Bavarian Division a few days later, and returned to line about April 11, reliev- 
ing the 1st Bavarian Division. About this tinie the division received a draft of 900 
men of the 1919 class. 

5. The division was withdrawn from the Lassigny front about May 25. 
Battle of the Oise. 

6. The division participated in the Oise fighting of June, although it did not take 
a direct part in the opening attack. It supported the effort of the 3d Bavarian Reserve 
Division, lending some battalions, from which prisoners were taken. About the. 
middle of June the division passed to the second line, rested two weeks, and returned 
to the Montdidier-Noyon front about June 30. 

Lassigny. 

7. The division remained in line throughout July and encountered the Allied attack 
of middle August. About August 21 it was withdrawn. 

8. Between August 21 and October 7 the division was not satisfactorily identified. 
Elements were reported near Terguier in September, near Ypres, and in the region 
of St. Etienne-Arnes. 

WOEVRE. 

9. The division entered the Woevre line on October 7, near Manheulles, where it 
remained until the armistice. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was used during 1918 as a sector-holding division. It took no promi- 
nent part in the offensives of the year. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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84 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

HISTORY. 

(2d District — Pomerania.) 

1914. 
East Prussia-Russia. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 3d Reserve Division, recruited in the 2d District 
(Pomerania), formed a part of the 8th German Army (Hindenburg). It fought with 
this army in eastern Prussia; it was engaged in the battle of Tannenberg (Aug. 26-28), 
in the battles of Biallo, Lyck, Suwalki, and Augustowo (September-October). 

1915. 

1. In February, 1915, the 3d Reserve Division participated in the battle .of the 
Mazurian Lakes, and in May in the battles on the Polish frontier. 

2. During the great offensive of the summer of 1915 the division was engaged in the 
operations on the Bobr, which resulted in the taking of Ossovietz. In August it 
fought in the vicinity of Kovno. It participated in the siege of tliis city (Aug. 18-18) 
at the battle of Niemen (Aug. 19-Sept. 8). When the front was stabilized it took posi- 
tion to the north of Smorgoni (southeast of Vilna). 

1916. 

1. The 3d Reserve Division occupied this sector (north of Smorgoni) up to March, 
1917. At this time it was placed in reserve in the Vilna sector. 

Belgium. 

2. At the beginning of May, 1917, it was sent to the western front. It entrained 
May 13 at Soly (east of Vilna), and was transported via Vilna, Wirballen, Gumbinnen, 
Berlin, Hanover, Aix-la-Chapelle, Liege, Louvain, and Brussels up to Bruges, where 
it detrained May 18. It was sent to rest in this district until June 4. 

3. On this date the division was transported to the district north of St. Quentin and 
went into the line on the 8th in the Vendhuille-Bellicourt sector (west of Catelet), 
where it habituated itself to the western front. 

1917. 
Ypres. 

4. The division was relieved the end of July. After having been in reserve for 
several days it engaged in the battle of Ypres on the Frezenberg front on August 4; 
here it^as severely tried by artillery fire. 

5. It was withdrawn from the front August 18 and sent to rest, first at Tournai and 
later in the Moorslede District. 

6. On September 23 it was again sent into the line in the battle of Flanders to the 
south of Zonnebeke (Polygene wood), and again suffered serious losses on the 26th. 
Alsace. 

7. The 3d Reserve Division was relieved September 28 and transported to Alsace 
(Mulhouse District), where it remained in repose up to the middle of October. 

8. About the 10th or 15th of October it occupied the sector north of the canal from 
the Rhone to the Rhine, and remained there till the end of October. 

9. At this time it was withdrawn from the front. It entrained for Metz Novem- 
ber 10. In December it was in the vicinity of Sissone. 

AlSNE. 

10. About December 13 it entered the line in the Craonne sector (Juvincourt area). 
At the beginning of January it took over the neighboring sector (Bouconville). 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 85 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Very mediocre morale. The 49th Reserve Regiment was very severely tested by 
losses and desertions to such a point that it had to be returned to the rear after August 
18, 1917. September 26 the 8th Company of the same regiment refused to take part 
in the attack. The relatively high proportion of men of the 2d Landsturm levy 
may be responsible for these facts, since they formed part of the regiments of the 
Second District. 

According to prisoners captured in February, 1918, the 3d Reserve Division seemed 
to be of mediocre quality: "6,000 men lost in Flanders, poorly replaced by men 
50 per cent of whom were old, many being above 40, and by 30 per cent Poles. " 

Nevertheless, despite the mediocrity of its personnel, it must be noted that the 
49th Reserve was subjected to a special training for attack troops in November and 
December. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1; The division held the line in the Craonne sector until about April 20, when it 
was relieved. 

OlSE. 

2. It reappeared on May 1 near Hainvillers (southeast of Montdidier), where it re- 
mained until about June 20. The division was in the thick of the June fighting on 
the Oiseand lost heavily. 

3. About June 20 the division went to rest in the region of Guise. 

Marne. 

4. The division participated in the fighting between the Marne and Soissons when 
the Allies delivered their attack on the Marne salient. It relieved the 115th Division 
at Longpont on July 18 and withstood the attack until July 31. The 49th Reserve 
Regiment was almost annihilated in the course of the fighting near Mery. The other 
regiments were reduced to 70-80 rifles per company. 

5. Retired from the front on July 31, the division rested at La Capelle until Sep- 
tember 1. 

Cambrai. 

6. The division came into line east of Chevisy on September 2. Its composition 
had been altered by the disbandment of the 2d Reserve Regiment and the addition 
of the 2d Grenadier Regiment from the 109th Division. The British attack on the 
Somme of September 12 engulfed the division, which lost 1,300 prisoners. 
Belgium. 

7. It was withdrawn about September 27 and transferred to Belgium, where it 
entered the line near Dixmude on September 29. It held the line in this sector 
until October 16, when it passed into the second line for a week's rest. Returning to 
line on the 23d, it remained in line until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division is rated as a third-class division. Its morale was on the whole bad. 
The Polish elements deserted freely. In July pillaging of supply trains was appar- 
ently prevalent in the divisional area. Elements of the division refused to fight in 
the Oise battle in June, and the German command appeared to have confidence in 
its fighting value. 



86 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 

3d Naval Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




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Regiment. 


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3 Co. Mar. Pion. 
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165 T. M. Co. 


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1 Res. Co. 24 Pions. 
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293 Tel. Detch. 

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390 Field Hospital. 
509 Vet. Hospital. 


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HISTORY. 

1917. 

1. The 3d Naval Division was organized in April, 1917. Its Regiments (1st, 2d, 
and 3d Naval Infantry) were detached from the Naval Corps, before the constitution 
of the division, to take part in the attacks upon Steenstraat on April 22, 1915, and on 
the Somme from September, 1916, to April, 1917. Since its formation the 3d Naval 
Division has scarcely left the coast. 

Flanders. 

2. In August, 1917, the 3d Naval Division occupied the sector of Lombartzyde. 

3. In October it was in action on the Ypres front at Poelcappelle. 

4. In December it again took over the' sector of Lombartzyde. 

RECRUITING. 

The 3d Naval Division is recruited from the entire German Empire, the naval 
troops being imperial troops. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Before the war the troops of the 3d Naval Division were landing and occupying 
troops for the German colonies. They are good units whose recruiting has been kept 
up to a high standard. » * 

1918. 
Albert. 

1. The division was relieved north of St. Georges about the 1st of March and moved 
to Valenciennes, where it arrived about the 13th. From March 18 to 23 it moved up 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 87 

to the front by stages via Haussy-Cattenieres-Lesdain. On the 23d it followed up 
the advance, passing through Fins and Manancourt on the 24th-25th and coming into 
action at Contalmaison on the 25th. It captured Albert on the 26th. The division 
held a sector west of Albert until mid- April, and on April 24 returned to its former 
sector west of Anthuille. It was relieved about the end of May by the 24th Division. 

2. On June 20 the division returned to relieve the 24th Division in the Aveluy 
sector. In mid-July the company strength was low. No drafts had been received 
recently and sickness was prevalent. This, together with the August spell in line, had 
considerably reduced the morale of the division. It was relieved on August 19 by 
the 83d Division. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

3. The di^dsion rested at Flers for five days, when it came into line west of Grevillers 
on the night of August 23-24 to reinforce the line. It was withdrawn in a few days 
(Aug. 26) and rested at Cambrai. Five hundred prisoners were taken from the divi- 
sion in this period. 

4. The division rested at Thourout during the first half of September. On the 27th 
it was engaged west of Marcoing and fought in that area until the end of the month. 
The total prisoners captured from the division was 700. 

5. After two weeks' rest in the Cambrai area, the division returned to line at Molain 
on October 17. It fought in the Molain-Catillon area until October 23, when it was 
relieved by the 19th Reserve Division. On November 1 it was again in line, north- 
west of the Hattencourt Farm. The last identification was at Any, on November 7. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Its use in the Somme March offensive and 
as an intervention division in the Scarpe-Somme battle suggest that the division was 
a second class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 
















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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 89 

HISTORY. 

1915. 

The 4th Guard Division was formed on the Russian front in March, 1915. 
Russia. 

1. From March 14 to July 12 the 4th Guard Division was in line near Przasnysz. 
It belonged to Gallwitz's army, which was operating north of the Vistula. 

2. From July 13 to September 28 the division took part in many fights, notably on 
the Narew, and took part in the pursuit as far as the region of the marshes of Lithuania. 

3. Withdrawn from the front and reached Kovno on foot, where it entrained for the 
Western Front on October 10 via Koenigsberg, Luebeck, Hamburg, Aix-la-Chapelle, 
Namur. Detrained at Douai and sent to rest 

France. 

4. From November 14 to 26 it occupied a sector near Arras, then went to rest near 
Cambrai. 

5. From December 15, 1915, to January 4, 1916, it built entrenchments in the 
region of Wytschaete-Messines. 

1916. 

1. Dm-ing January and February, 1916, the 4th Guard Division continued its 
entrenching work in the sector Wytschaete-Messines and held the sector at the same 
time. 

2. Until the end of April, 1917, the 4th Guard Division, together with the 1st Reserve 
Guard Division, formed the reserve corps of the guard. Both these divisions were 
put through a course of training with a view to active operations. 

3. From May 9 to July 23 the division remained in line northeast of Neuville-St. 
Vaast. 

SOMME. 

4. Engaged in the battle of the Somme July 25 (Estres sector), suffered heavy losses 
and was withdrawn August 19. Engaged again after a few days of rest and fought 
some severe local battles until September 10 (Thiepval sector). 

5. After seven days of rest behind the Flanders front it held a quiet sector north of 
Ypres from September 17 to October 25. 

6. From November 6 to 25 it was again sent to the Somme, where it was subjected 
to several heavy local attacks (Warlencourt sector). 

1917. 

1. Remained in the Warlencourt sector until March 17, 1917. It was relieved 
immediately after it had retired to the Hindenburg line. 

Lens. 

2. After three weeks' rest in the region of Tournai it was sent by stages to the south 
of Lens, where it went back in the lines. It suffered considerable losses there. With- 
drawn from the front July 11. 

3. At rest in the region of Pont-a-Vendin and Meurchin. On August 15 the division 
was hurried up to the north of Lens. It attacked to regain the lost ground but in vain. 
Its losses were extremely heavy. 

4. The division stayed in line until September 15. 

Flanders. 

5. At rest for a week behind the front. Entrained September 23 and 24 at Garvin 
for Flanders. 

6. It was at first in the reserve of the army, but went into line September 27 east 
of Zonnebeke. After one of its regiments had attacked and was stopped by the British 
artillery fire (Oct. 22), the division obtained replacements and on October 4 renewed 



90 DIVISIONS OP GERMAIN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

its attempt to retake the heights lost on September 26. Warned by a British attack, 
they became demoralized and fled in disorder toward Becelaere. The losses of the 
4th Guard Division were so heavy that it had to be relieved on October 5 to 7. 

7. Entrained for Guise and arrived there October 10. Went into line on the 14th 
in the sector of Itancourt, southeast of St. Quentin, and was still holding it in De- 
cember. Its forces were much reduced by the attacks in Flanders and were rein- 
forced by neighboring units (13th Landwehr Division). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Formerly an excellent combat unit, having that traditional esprit de corps which 
animated the regiments of the Prussian Guards. At the present time (November, 
1917) it has lost a good part of its fighting value. It seems to have been much weakened 
by the battle of Ypres (October, 1917), 

1918. 
Guise. , 

1. The division rested during January near d'Origny Ste. Benoite (west of Guise). 

SOMME. 

2. On February 4 the division came into line northwest of Bellenglise. It was 
relieved about the middle of February. 

3. Upon relief, it marched \'ia Bohain to St. Souplet, near Le Gateau. Here the 
division underwent a course of training in this area until March 18, when it marched 
via Bohain-Brancourt-Montbrehain-Ramicourt back to its old sector at Bellenglise, 
arriving in line March 20. 

Battle of Picardy. 

4. The division attacked in the first line and advanced by Hesbecourt March 21-26. 
Passing into support for eight days it was reengaged April 3-8 near Bouzencourt and 
le Hamel, suffering very heavy losses. Between the 8th and the 24th the division 
rested. It was in line again near Marcelcave from the 22d to the end of April, parti- 
cipating in the attack at Villers-Bretoneaux on the 24th. Heavy losses were again 
sustained. 

5. Again the division went to rest at St. Souplet, near le Cateau. The 2d Battalion 
of the 427th Regiment, dissolved, arrived as a reinforcement for the division on May 
27 . The division was moved by rail to Flavy le Martel on night of June 1 . It marched 
by nights to Canny sur Matz (by Golancourt, Guiscard, and Candor) and entered the 
line on the night of June 8-9. 

Battle op the Oise. 

6. The division attacked on the 9th between Roye eur Matz and Canny sur Matz. 
It penetrated by Marquelise to Antheuil. The French counterattack threw it back 
north of Antheuil on the 11th. The division stayed in line until the 19th. 
Lorraine. 

7. After resting at Bohain until June 29 the division was moved to Lorraine by 
Valenciennes-Brussels-Namur-Saarburg. Here it was rested and reconstituted. 

8. The division returned by rail to Athies sur Laon on July 22. From there it 
marched to Moussy sur Aisne by stages and then in trucks to Mareuil en Dole on July 25. 
Battle of the Marne, Vesle, Aisne. 

9. The division was engaged July 27 southeast of Fere en Tardenois. It fell- back 
toward Fismes on August 1-2, from where it was shifted into the Courlandon-Breuil 
sector, which it held from August 14 to the beginning of September. On the 5th it 
moved to the south of Glennes, remaining there until the 30th, when it fell back 
across the canal. The division was relieved on October 2, but turned back to line 
on the 5th to cover the retreat near Benu au Bac. On the 7th it went to rest for a 
week. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 91 

Ardennes. 

10. Reengaged west of Chateau Porcien from October 14 to November 5. The 93d 
Regiment was mentioned in the German communique of November 2 as fighting 
especially well. In the retreat the division passed through Renneville and Rubigny, 
where it was last identified on November 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was always regarded as a first-class fighting division, although the 
losses on the Somme in March and the setback on the Oise in June lowered its value. 
Constant fighting impaired the morale and kept the effectives low, but the division 
was always to be included in the first-class divisions. 



92 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

















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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 93 

HISTORY. 

(Second District — Pomerania.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. At the beginning of the campaign the 4th Division fought on the Western Front 
until November, 1914. It detrained at Rheydt on August 9 and 10, and entered 
Belgium on the 14th and France on the 25th. Fought at Sailly-Saillisel on the 28th; 
reached Grand-Morin September 5 and fought at Acy en Multien on the 6th. After 
retreating to the north of Soissons it remained south of Roye from the end of September 
to the end of October, and was near Ypres in November. 

Russia. 

2. Sent to Russia and took part in the second offensive on Warsaw. 

1915. 

1. In January it took part in the battles of Bolimow. In February it went to the 
Carpathians (Army of the South under Linsingen). Took part in the offensive on 

.Lemburg. 

2. About September 27, 1915, it was relieved in the region south of Baranovitchi 
and entrained at Kobryn for the Western Front. 

France. 

3. It arrived in the vicinity of Sedan at the beginning of October. After a few 
days' rest it marched to the north of Tahure. 

4. On October 30 the division took part in the attack of Butte De Tahure and 
suffered severe losses. 

5. At the beginning of November it left Champagne for the region of Reims where 
its units went into the trenches on November 8. Until the beginning of April, 1916, 
it held the sector northwest of Prunay. 

1916. 

1. At the beginning of April the division was sent to rest in the vicinity of Rethel. 
During this period (Nov. 15 to Apr. 16) its losses were light. 

Verdun. 

2. At the beginning of May the division was sent to the region of Verdun. On May 
4 it took part on the attack on Hill 304, where it suffered heavy losses. 

3. Relieved May 15 and sent to rest in the region of Mouzon-Carignan, from where 
it went to the region of Damvillers. 

4. At the beginning of July it was sent to hold the sector of Thiaumont at the moment 
when the French recommenced their offensive in that region. Its losses were very 
heavy. 

5. On August 3 it left Thiaumont for the region of Cimiieres, on the left bank of the 
Meuse (Aug. 5). 

6. At the end of September it held the sector Malancourt-Avocourt. 

7. Relieved at the end of October and trained at Dun. After a short rest it went 
into line in December northeast of Vaux. 

1917. 

1. The division remained in the Vaux sector until April 17. 

2. It relieved the 10th Reserve Division in the region of Satigneul (night of Apr. 
15-16) a few hours before the beginning of our attack. It remained in this sector until 
May 5 and was subjected to French attacks of April 16 and May 4. 

3. Beginning May 5, it was relieved and went into camp in the region of Caurel. 



94 Divisioisrs OF German aemy which participated in war. 

Champagne. 

4. On May 7 and the following days it went into the sector of Grille Mont Haut 
and held this until June 19. 

5. The division Was put in reserve on this date in the region Epove-Warmeriville. 

6. Went into line in the sector Moronvilliers (July 19 and days following) until the 
end of October. 

Belgium. 

7. At the end of October it entrained at Juniville and went to Belgium, where it 
held the sector Poelcapelle until November 24. 

8. It went into line again east of Armentierea on November 30 and was still in that 
sector on January 11, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

In spite of heavy losses suffered several times, it would seem that thejj wished to 
keep up the Pomeranian character of the 4th Division, although it received in Sep- 
tember, 1915, some men of the 1915 class from Hesse-Nassau, and later on a number 
of Brandenburgers and Silesians, as the third and sixth districts often furnished their 
ratio to the districts temporarily out of men. A great majority of men, however, came 
from Pomerania, and as the resources of this Province in men are limited it was neces- 
sary, to keep up the provincial composition of this division, to draw from the Land- 
wehr depots and the battalions of Pomeranian Landsturm. Since it was impossible 
to maintain the quality of the division, it seems that they were anxious to maintain 
its nationality. 



The 4th Division was always a very good division and gave proof of very fine military 
qualities in all the battles in which it took part, especially in the sector of Sapigneul 
during the offensives of April 16 and May 4, 1917. It Would seem that the nattire of 
the replacements they received, especially the most recent ones, has considerably 
altered the value of this division. 

1918. 

1. The diAdsion was relieved from the front of Armentieres on January 23, and 
went to rest and instruction in the Oisene area (southwest of Deyuze). After four 
weeks the division entrained at Roubaix on March 16 and detrained at Douai on the 
following day. Hence it marched by stages to Neuville St. Remy, a suburb of Cam- 
brai. The division was concentrated south of Inchy on the night of March 20-21. 
Battle of Picardy. 

2. Engaged on March 21, the division advanced by Doignies and Herrnies. It 
passed to rest on the 24th and was reengaged from March .26 to April 6 at Miraumont, 
Hebuterne, and Colincamps. The division suffered very heavy losses in the en- 
gagement. 

3. Relieved from the Hebuterne front on April 6, the division rested two weeks 
in the Bapaune-Cambrai area. The division moved north to the Lys front via Douai- 
Lille. 

Battle of the Lys. 

4. The division was in line west of Merville from April 23 to May 14. 

5. Wliile at rest north of Tournai, the division was reconstituted and prepared for 
another heavy engagement. 

6. The division entrained for Loos on June 30 and moved on to Sailly sur la Lys on 
July 18. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 95 

The Lys Withdrawal. 

7. The division came into line near Merris on July 27. It lost 500 prisoners south of 
Meteren on August 18. On the 30th the division fell back on Bailleul and later to 
Bac St. Maur and Fleurbaix. It was relieved at Fleurbaix on October 11. 

8. The division rested from the 11th to the 21st near Denain. 

9. Again the division was engaged to the east and northeast of Solesmes and near 
Le Quesnoy , retreating to Beaurain, Ghissignies, and Ruesnes. It passed in the second 
line on November 1, but came back to the line south of Le Quesnoy about November 
5. It retreated by Locquignol toward Mauberge, where it Was last identified on 
November 9. 

VALUE 191S ESTIMATE. 

The 4th Division was a very good division. In 1918 its morale was mediocre, due 
to the young recruits. 



96 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 97 

HISTORY. 

(360th and 361st : Fourth District— Prussian Saxony. 362d ; Ninth District— Schles- 

wig-Holstein.) 
1914. 

The 4th Ersatz Division was organized in August, 1914, by grouping together brigade 
Ersatz Battalions coming from the Third, Fourth, and Ninth districts (Brandenburg 
Prussian-Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and Hansa towns). 
Lorraine. 

1. Detrained August 18 at Teterchen (Lorraine) and at the battle of the 20th the 
division was in the rear of the 2d Bavarian Corps. It fought on the 22d along the 
Mame- Rhine Canal between Einville and Dombasle, retreated on the 23d, suffered 
heavy losses on the 25th at Mazerulles, and engaged only a few units of its 9th Brigade 
in the attack on Nancy in September. 

2. -On September 15 the division went to rest west of Delme. On the 23d it en- 
trained at Rening (Sarralbee-Benestroff line), passed through Metz, Luxemburg, 
Arlon, Marche, Li^ge, Louvain and detrained September 25, 1915, at Brussels. 
Belgium. 

3. From there it went to Bruges (Oct. 14), then Ostend (Oct. 16). On the 17th 
by the road along the coast it marched from Ostend to Nieuport (Oct. 30). It then 
went into the line in front of the Belgians on the right bank of the Yser (November). 

1915. 

DiXMUDE. 

1. Remained in the sector north of Dixmude during the whole of 1915. 

2. At the end of July, 1915, the brigade Ersatz Battalions of the division were 
grouped into regiments. The 4th Ersatz Division was made up of the 359th, 360th, 
361st and 362d Infantry. With the 37th Landwehr Brigade and the 2d Reserve 
Ersatz Brigade (Basedow Division) it constituted the Werder Corps (December). . 

1916. 

1. The division was kept in the region of Dixmude until April, 1916. 

2. After April a part of the division was sent east of Ypres between the Ypres- 
Roulers Railway and the Comines Canal. Some of the units of the division remained 
in line near Dixmude. 

SOMME. 

3. About September 27 the division left Belgium for the Somme, where it was 
engaged during the first two weeks of October near Le Sars. 

4. On October 15 it returned to Belgium and went back to the sector east of "Ypres 
in November. 

5. Sent to rest about November 30 and sent back to the Somme south of Bapaume, 
about the middle of December. 

1917. 

1. Remained south of Bapaume (Le Transloy-Gueudecourt) until the end of Feb- 
ruary, 1917. 

2. About the middle of March it relieved the 14th Bavarian Division in the same 
sector at the beginning of the retirement of the German troops, withdrew to the east 
of Bertincourt, via Neuville-Bourjonval, Metz en Courtuere, and fought on the 
Trescault-Havricourt line (April). 

Artois. 

3. Relieved about April 26 or 28 and sent north of the Scarpe about May 10. En- 
gaged near Roeux until about May 18 and suffered heavy losses (more than 800 pris- 
oners). 

4. At the end of May it was sent to the Eastern Front. The 361st Infantry entrained 
May 26 at Vitry en Artois, via Paderbom-Halle-Leipzig-Dresden-Breslau-Lemburg. 

125651°— 20 7 



98 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAH ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

G ALICIA. 

5. Until July the division remained in reserve in Galicia with, the Bothmer army. 

6. In July it held the sector south of Brzezany. Took part in the offensive against 
the Russians, and in September was near Radautz, where it remained until December. 
Due to some of its forces being transferred to other organizations more than to its losses, 
the companies of the 362d Infantry from August to October, had fallen from 120 men 
to 70 (examinations of Russians). 

France. 

7. Relieved December 4 and entrained the 16th for the Western Front, via Lemberg- 
Cracow - Breslau - Berlin - Hanover - Aix la Chapelle - Brussels- Courtrai-Tournai. De- 
trained the 26th. 

RECRUITING. 

360th Infantry: Brandenburg and Prussia Saxony. 361st and 362d Infantry: Prus- 
sia Saxony, Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein and Hansa towns. 

VALUE. 

A fairly good division. 

1918. 
La Bassee. 

1. The first entry into line of the division was on January 18 in the sector south 
of the La Bassee Canal, relieving the 6th Bavarian Di^dsion. 

Battle of the Lys. 

2. On the 5th of April the division crossed north of the canal and attacked in the 
Gorre-Givenchy-Festubert region. Seven hundred prisoners were lost on April 9, 
besides heavy casualties. The division was relieved on April 20-21. 

WOEVRE. 

3. The division was moved to the region south of Metz for a rest. About May 18 
it took up a sector south of Les Esparges, which it held until about June 13. 

4. After resting near Conflans until June 25, it entrained in the Woevre and moved 
by Sedan-Charleville to the region east of Laon, arriving on June 28. It proceeded 
to the line by the road through Fismes. 

Aisnes-Marne. 

5. The division was engaged at Bussiares, Torcy, and Hautevisnes between June 
30 and July 18. It met the attack of July 18 and was thrown back toward Oukhy le 
Chateau. On the 24th it was relieved. 

6. The division rested at Perthes for a week and then moved to Novy. It entrained 
at Amagne on August 12 and traveled to Ostrecourt, where it remained for two weeks. 
On August 28 it occupied the Dricourt-Queant line astride the Arras-Cambria road. 
Second Battle op Picardy. 

7. Engaged on the 29th, the division came in for some heavy fighting. It was 
thrown back on Dury (Sept. 2) and after losing 1,650 prisoners was relieved on Sep- 
tember 5. 

8. The division rested until the middle of September. The 214th Reserve Regi- 
ment coming from the dissolved 46th Reserve Division, replaced the 361st Regiment. 

9. The division was engaged near the La Bassee Canal from September 16 to October 
1. It rested until the 16th, when it was reengaged southwest of Lille. In the retreat 
it fell back by Wavrin, Seclin, Cysoing, Ere, Mons and Blaugies. The last identifi- 
cation was at Boussu on November 9. 

VALUE 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a third-class division. At no time in 1918 did it dis- 
tinguish itself, especially not in the Lys battle. Before the July 18 attack, the infan- 
try effectives of the division numbered about 3,200. In October the battalions were 
reduced to three companies. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(Sixth District — Silesia.) 

1914. 

At the beginning of the war the 4th Landwehr Division, with the 3d Landwehr 
Division, formed the 2d Landwehr Corps (former 7th Landwehr Corps), which was 
engaged on the Eastern Front. 

Poland. 

1. The 4th Landwehr Division at the beginning of September, 1914, took part in 
the battle of Tamowka with the 3d Landwehr Division, then in the operations before 
Warsaw and the retreat following the enveloping movement of the Russians at Lodz. 
In December it was located between the Vistula and Pilica (at Czenstochow, Dec. 1; 
near Kielee, Dec. 28). 

1915. 

1. Until July, 1915, the division remained on the Polish front (left bank of the 
Vistula) between Radom and Gravowiec. 

Baranovitchi. 

2. Took part in the offensive against the Russians, which carried it through the 
region of Baranovitchi in July to August. 

1916. 

1. Held the front northeast, of Baranovitchi from September, 1915, until the begin- 
ning of 1918. In 1916 it contributed drafts to the 420th Infantry. 

1917. 

1. Sector of Baranovitchi. The division had many of its forces transferred to the 
Western Front: In November, 1917, for the 52d Division; in February, 1918, for the 
5th Reserve Division, but during 1917 it was reinforced by the 404th Infantry, coming 
from the 18th Landwehr Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. At the beginning of April, 1918, the 4th Landwehr Division marched into Russia. 
On the 14th of April, the 11th Landwehr Regiment was near Minsk; and at the be- 
ginning of May it was east of Kiev, along with the 404th Regiment. 

On June 15 the 23d and 51st Landwehr Regiments were identified near Ochra. 

3. A man of the 51st Landwehr Regiment wi'ote on October 23: "The latest news 
is that the 4tli Landwehr Division is going into France." The division was still in 
Russia on October 28 and was never identified on the Western Front. 



Divisioisrs or German army which participated iisr war. 101 



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102 DIVISIOlsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED 11^ WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Second Bavarian District — Bavaria and Lower Franconia.) 

1914. 

1. At mobilization the 4th Bavarian Division, with the 3d Bavarian Division, 
formed the 2d Bavarian Army Corps. It transferred its 8th Brigade (Metz Garrison) 
to the 33d Reserve Division and replaced it by the 5th Bavarian Reserve Brigade, 
organized in the Palatinate. The other brigade, the 7th, detrained, commencing 
August 3, between Morhange and Remilly. The reserve brigade detrained August 
10 at St. Avoid. Assembled the 18th in the rear of the Metz-Strasboiu-g Railroad and 
with the 2d Bavarian Army Corps constituted the 6th Army (Crown Prince Ruprecht 
of Bavaria). 

Lorraine. 

2. On August 20 it fought west of Morhange. Then it captured the fort of Manon-. 
viller (with the 22d Bavarian of the 3d Bavarian Division) and advanced to 
Mortagne, south of Luniville. September 11 it was withdrawn to the rear. 

SOMME. 

3. September 18 the division entrained at Metz for Namur, from where it went to the 
north of Peronne (Sept. 25). It then became part of the 2d Army and fought from 
September 26 to the middle of October in the region north of the Somme (Fricout, 
Mametz, Montauban). 

Flanders. 

4. During the third and fourth weeks of October (beginning the 23d) it went to Flan- 
ders (6th Army) south of Ypres. It held the sector of Wytschaete from November 14 to 
October 15 and was on the defensive. November 9 the 5th Infantry was reduced to 
less than 800 men (notebooks). 

1915. 

In March, 1915, the 8th Reserve Infantry was transferred from this division to the 
10th Bavarian Division. 
Artois. 

1. September 26, 1915, some of its units fought on the Loos-Hulluch front at the time 
of the British attack. In the counter attack, during which these troops retook ditch 
No. 8, they suffered severe losses. 

In November the whole division was in the region of Loos south of HuUuch, where it 
stayed until August 16. In this sector it carried on mine warfare. About the end of 
April, 1916, it lost 1,100 men while attempting a gas attack. 

1916. 
Somme. 

1. Toward the end of August, 1916, the division was sent to the Somme. 

2. It was engaged between Martinpuich and Longueval, where it fought violent 
battles for the Bois Haut (Aug. 25-28 to Sept. 15). Its total losses were 5,361 men, 
or 60 per cent of its effectives. 

Flanders. 

3. Again sent to Flanders and held the sector northeast of Armentierea (east of the 
Bois de Ploegsteert) from October 16 to June 17. 

1917. 

1. In June, 1917, while still in line in front of Bois de Ploegsteert, it was inpartsub- 
jected to the British attack against Messines ridge, and suffered especially from the 
artillery preparations. It lost 200 prisoners. 

2. Relieved from the Belgian front about June 16 and sent to rest in the region of 
Audenarde until July 7. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. l03 

3. Beginning July 9, it was engaged southeast of Armentieres (between the Lya 
and Wez-Macquart) July and August. 

4. Withdrawn from the Armentieres sector in the middle of September and went 
into line northeast of Ypres, between Zonnebeke and Passchendaele, from Sep- 
tember 26 to October 27. Suffered heavy losses (30 per cent of its forces). 

Lorraine. 

5. October 11 entrained at Pitthem and went to Confians the 13th from where it 
went into line in the region of Thiaucourt (Limey sector). It was there still in 
February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Lower Franconia and Bavarian Palatinate. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 4th Bavarian Division went through some very severe offensive and defensive 
fights and came through them with honors. 

The prisoners examined gave proof of vigor and tenacity if not of intelligence. 
As soon as it ia filled up again this division shall again take its place on the most 
effective fronts (December, 1917). 

It is to be noted that February, 1918, it is not yet completely filled up and does 
not seem to be in shape for an offensive. 

1918. 

1. The division remained in the quiet Thiaucourt sector until late March when 
it was relieved by the 40th Division. On April 14 it entrained at Nancieulles and 
traveled via Audun le Romain-Longuyon-Sedan-Charleville-Hirson-Avesnes-Denain- 
Orchies to Rouchin, It marched to Armentieres, arriving on April 16, and proceeded 
to reserve near Bailleul on the following day. 

Kemmel. 

2. On the 23d of April the division came into line northeast of Dranoutre, suffered 
heavy losses about here, and was relieved about May 1. 

3. The division rested until June 11 in the north of France. During this time it 
was reviewed by the King of Bavaria and Prince Franz. The division commander 
was decorated. 

Flanders. 

4. It returned to line near Merris about June 11. It continued in line, suffering 
heavy losses until July 10. 

5. The di\'ision rested out of line until August 17. 

6. It was reengaged on August 17 east of Bucquoy, coming from Lille via Cambria 
Vein Beuguy. It was withdrawn from the battle north of Bapaume on August 25, 
after losing 1,600 prisoners. 

7. The division rested near Tourcoing until late in September. 

8. On September 29 the division was identified in line in Champagne, north of 
Maure. Its composition had been changed by the disbandment of the 5th Bavarian 
Reserve Regiment and the substitution of the 4th Bavarian Regiment from the 
dissolved 14th Bavarian Division. The di\'ision continued on this front, with short 
periods in the second line, until November 4. It was identified north of Marvaux 
(October 4), near Monthois (October 11), between Namdy and Falaise (October 
19). The division was considered in reserve 3d Army between November 4 and the 
armistice. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was of the first quality. It saw heavy fighting and showed itself 
very aggressive in attack and tenacious in defense. The extensive replacements 
which have been necessaiy did not improve the morale, but due to the high qiialjty 
and spirit of the organization, it was always to be considered as a first-class division. 



104 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsT AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 

4:th. Cavalry Division (Dismoimted). 

COMPOSITION. 



Brigade. 



Regiment. 




38 Ldw. Inf. Rgt. 
40 Ldw. Inf. Rgt. 
9 Res. Schutzen 

Uhlan Rgt. 
89 Schutzen Rgt. 
87 Schutzen Rgt. 



Engineers and Liaisons. 



2 Ldw. Pion. Co., 14 C. Dist. Pions. 



Medical and Veterinary . 



99 Ambulance Co. 



Attached. 



Landst. Inf. Btns. 
VII-54 Munster. 
XIV-14 Bruchsae. 
IV-15 Jorgan. 
XVI-7 2d Saarlouis 
XIV5 IstOffenburg 



HISTORY. 

1918. 

1. The 4th Cavalry Di^dsion entrained in the Riga region on the 1st of April, ]918, 
for the Western Front. It detrained at Molsheim in Alsace on April 7, and went 
into line near the Ban de Sapt (Vosges) . The division had recently been reorganized. 
During April a report was received stating that Lieut Gen. von Krame, commander of 
the 39th Cavalry Brigade, had been decorated. The division continued to hold the 
Alsace sector until the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 105 



5th. Guard Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


2Gd. 


3 Ft. 
3 Gren. 
20. 


2Gd. 


3 Ft. 




3 Gren. 
20. 


Cavalry 


1 Sqn. 2 Gd. Uhlan Rgt. 


1 Sqn. 2 Gd. Uhlan Rgt. 




< 


Artillery 


5 Gd. Art. Command: 
4 Gd. F. A. Rgt. 


5 Gd. Art. Command: 




4Gd.F. A.Rgt. 

1 Abt. 1 Gd. Res. Ft. A. Rgt. 

1180 Light Am. Col. 

1181 Light Am. Gel. 
1203 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


100 Pion. Btn.: 

4 Gd. Pions. 

1 Gd. Res. Pion. Co. 

9Gd.T.M. Co. 

(?) 28 Searchlight Section. 

5 Gd. Tel. Detch. 


100 Pion. Btn.: 

4 Gd. Pion. Co. 

1 Gd. Res. Pion. Co. 
9Gd.T.M. Co. 
195 Searchlight Section. 
5 Gd. Signal Command: 

5 Gd. Tel. Detch. 
149 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary. 


3 Ambulance Co. 

8 Field Hospital. 

9 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


3 Ambulance Co. 

8 Field Hospital. 

9 Field Hospital. 

5 Gd. Vet. Hospital. 


Transports 


M. T. Col. 

680 Divisional M. T. Col. 


680 M. T. Col. 








— 
Field Recruit Depot No. 815. 








Attached 


3 Abt. 43 Res. F. A. Rgt. 
2Abt.3Bav. Ft. A.Rgt. 

2 Abt. 11 Res. Ft. A.Rgt. 
2Abt. 2lFt. A.Rgt. 

3 Btry. 57 Ldw. Ft. A. Rgt. 

5 Btry. 57 Ldw. Ft. A. Rgt. 

6 Btry. 57 Ldw. Ft. A. Rgt. 

10 Btry. 13 Res. Ft. A. Rgt. 

11 Btry. 13 Res. Ft. A. Rgt. 
6 Btry. 17 Bav. Ft. A. Rgt. 
464 Ft. A. Btry. 

4Co. 8T.M. Btn. 
3Co. 8T.M. Btn. 

1 Co. 5 Road. Const. Btn. No. 72. 
3 Co. 166 Labor Btn. 

43 Res. Pion. Co. 
199 Signal Btn. 
307 Signal Btn. 

2 Field Signal Co. 
60 Balloon Section. 
114 Supply Train. 
21 Munition Train. 
181 Munition Train. 
190 Munition Train. 
374 Munition Train. 
517 Munition Train. 
560 Supply Train. 
50 Supply Train. 

1 Field Bakery. 









106 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1917. 

Organized in February ,_ 1917, from regiments transferred from already existing units 
(3d Foot Guards, transferred from the 1st Guard Division; 3d Grenadier Guards, trans- 
ferred from the 2d Guard Division; 20th Infantry, from the 212th Division, previously 
belonging to the 6th). 
Craonne. 

1. It appeared for the first time in line about March 20 between Craonne and 
Hurtebise, where it suffered heavy losses, April 16 to 18. 

2. Relieved May 4 and went to a calm sector in the region of Preqmontreq. 

3. About June 5-6 it was sent to rest in the region north and northwest of Laon. 
June 20 it was located in the region of Sissonne, where it remained until July 7. 
Californie Plateau. 

4. On the night of July 7-8 it arrived in this sector. It executed a violent attack 
on July 19 and again suffered heavy losses. Relieved July 27. 

5. Reinforced by drafts from depots in Brandenburg and rested in the region of 
Mauregny en Haye and Barenton sur Cerre, and then went through a methodical and 
intensive training at the camp at Chivy les Etouvelles. 

Chemin des Dames. 

6. About August 20 it relieved the 43d Reserve Division on the Chemin des Dames 
between Pantheon and La Royere; suffered considerable losses during the French 
offensive of October 23. 

7. In the region of Vervins at the beginning of November, with its battalions greatly 
reduced. 

8. Went into line near Hargicourt at the end of November. 

RECRUITING . 

The 20th Infantry (3d Brandenburg) was a regiment from the Province of Bran- 
denburg. 

The 3d Foot Guards and the 3d Grenadier Guards were drawn not only from Bran- 
denburg, but generally from the Kingdom of Prussia. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 5th Guard Division must be considered one of the best divisions of the German 
Army. Its regiments are extremely good. 

The Division had been brought to the Aisne to retake the Californie Plateau, and 
it showed wonderful energy in this work (July 19, 1917). October 23, 1917, at the 
Chemin des Dames, in spite of its great losses and of the fact that the 1918 class 
formed about 20 per cent of its effectives, the division showed great resistance, and 
left only a comparatively small number of prisoners in our hands (about 300). 

1918. 

1. The division arrived at Fourmies on January 10 for training and maneuvers. 
About February 14 it marched to Avesnes, where it rested until March 5. It then 
marched to St. Quentin by night marches, passing through Hornblieres, Dallow, 
Happencourt, Tugny, and crossed the Crozat Canal between Ham and St. Simon on 
March 23. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. On the night of the 23d it relieved the 45th Reserve Division in front of Golan- 
court, where it met a lively resistance. From the 24th to the 27th it was in army 
reserve resting in the region Golancourt le Plesses Patte d'Oie. On the 28th it moved 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 107 

by Flavy le Meldux, Ecuvilly, Catigny, Candor, and entered line west of Lassigny on 
the 29th, relieving the 1st Bavarian Division. On the 30th it attacked west of the 
Roye siir Matz railroad but was stopped by our counterattacks. Until April 10 the 
diviflion was in line at Beuvraignes and at Roye sur Matz. On the 8th it received 400 
men, mostly of the 1919 class, in reinforcements. 

3. Withdrawn from line on April 4, the division moved by degrees to the northeast 
of Laon on April 24, where it was reorganized, reinforced, and rested near Rozay sur 
Serre. By night marches it moved to the Aisne front and entered line on May 26, 
between Corbeny and the Californie Plateau. 

Battle of Aisne. 

4. It fought in the offensive from May 27 to 30, advancing by Guyencourt, Fismes, 
C guy, Cierges, and Vincelles. Between May 31 and June 7 it was in reserve at Cou- 
louges, Sergy, Beuvardes, Grisolles, and Sommelous. The division was reengaged 
northwest of Chateau Thierry on June 7 against the American 2d Division. 

Chateau Thierry. 

5. In the three weeks the division was in the Torcy-Hautevesnes sector it lost most 
heavily. Several companies of the 20th Regiment were annihilated on June 8-9; the 
others were reduced to 30-40 rifles. The division lost about one-half its effectives 
in this period. 

6. It was withdrawn about June 30 and reconstituted in reserve of the Torcy sector 
near Coincy from July 1 to 17. 

Battle op the Marne. 

7. The division came back on the 18th and engaged in rear-guard fighting near 
Monthiers and Grisolles. It was engaged on defensive works near Blanzj^ les Fismes 
from July 29 to August 8. 

8. It rested in the region of Bruyeres from August 2-8, when it was transported to 
Belgium by Marle-Hirson to rest. On the 31st it was alerted and entrained, the regi- 
ments following with a day's interval by Mauberg-St. Quentin, detraining at Laon 
and Crepy en Laonnois. From that point it moved by foot to Vauxaillon front. 

Aisne-Ailette . 

9. On September 3 the division relieved the 238th Division east of Louilly. In the 
succeeding days it suffered very heavily. It was relieved on September 16. 

10. The division left the Laon area on September 16 and detrained that night at 
St. Juvin, where it rested until September 24. The heavy losses of the division were 
made good while there. 

Argonne. 

11. It entered the line opposite the American 1st Army on September 27 in the 
region of Month lain ville. After heavy losses, which caused a partial disintegration of 
the division, it withdrew on October 8. The 3d Guard Grenadier Regiment was 
practically destroyed in this fighting. 

WOEVRE. 

12. It was transported to the Woe\Te and on October 19 was engaged east of Verdun 
at Chatillon sous les Cotes. Here it remained until the armistice. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a first-class division, Ijut after its rough handling in the 
Hautevesnes-Torcy sector it lost much of its value as an attack division. 

Both on the Aisne in September and in the Argonne the division's losses were 
extremely heavy. Battalions were reduced to three companies in October. By the 
20th of October the remnants of the companies were combined to make one. 



108 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 











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7 Ft. A. Btn. (Staff 
2, and 3 Btries). 
48 Light Am. Col. 
79 Light Am. Col. 
92 Light Am. Col 


Pion. Btn.: 

1 Co. 3 Pions. 

2 Co. 3 Pions. 

14 Bav. Pion. Co. 

5 T. M. Co. 

35 Searchlight Sectio 
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6 Tel. Deteh. 

29 Wireless Deteh. 


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DIVISIONS. OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 109 

HISTORY. 

(Third District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. The 5th Division with the Cth Division formed the 3d Army Corps. At the 
beginning of the campaign it was part of the 1st Army (Von Kluck). It detrained 
near Aix la Chapelle August 9 and 10, entered Belgium the 14th, and passed through 
Louvain the 19th. Took part in the battle of Charleroi and the battle of the Marne 
(at Sancy and Cerneux, Sept. 6), then in the battles between the Aisne and the Marne 
in September, and was finally stabilized between the Aisne and the Oise, in the region 
Vailly and Soissons. 

1915. 

1. Battle of Soissons (Jan. 13). 

2. About June 10 the 5th Division was no longer a part of the 1st Army. July 1 it 
was sent to Douai, and about July 14 held the sector before Arras. 

3. September 25, 1915, took part in the attacks in Champagne. 
Belgium. 

4. Went to Belgium in December. About December 25 was at rest in the region 
Hirson-Avesnes. 

1916. 

Verdun. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1916, it was in the region of Spincourt. 

2. At the end of February at Verdun. It fought near Ilerbebois February 23. 
It attacked Douaumont February 26 and suffered severe losses. It was again engaged 
from March 8 to 15 and from April 22 to the end of the May. 

SOMME. 

3. July at the Somme (Longueval, Bois Delville). Suffered heavy losses. 

4. Middle of August in Champagne (Auberive) until October 12. 
Verdun. 

5. December, 1916, it went again to Verdun (region of Vaux, Dec. 7). Units of the 
5th Division were engaged as reinforcements during the French attack of December 
15. The division was Avithdrawn from the Verdun front about December 25 and sent 
to the region of Mulhouse. 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1. Stayed in Upper Alsace (region of Mulhouse and Ferrette) until April 20, 1917. 
It held temporarily a calm sector in the Vosges region, but during this period it is 
used particularly for entrenching works on the French front and the Swiss frontier. 
Champagne. 

2. It was alarmed. It entrained in the region of Mulhouse and was sent through 
Montmedy and Sedan to Champagne, where it went into line on April 23 in the Mont- 
Haut sector, where it suffered very heavy losses. 

3. Left Champagne front at the beginning of May. 

4. Toward the end of June it Avas in the Woevre in the region between Confians and 
Briey. 

5. At the beginning of July it was again in the Champagne (T6ton sector). 

RUSSLA. 

6. Sent to the Eastern Front in July and relieved at the beginning of September 
by the 6th ReserA^e DiAdsion in the region of Zbrucz. 

Italy. . 

7. About October sent from Galicia to Italy. 



110 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. 

France. 

8. Sent from Italy to France at the beginning of January, 1918, and at rest behind 
the front in Champagne. January 20, 1918, it went into line near Butte du Mesnil. 

RECRUITING. 

Essentially from Brandenburg (Regiments of the Mark, as the communiques some- 
times call it), and its provincial character has been carefully maintained. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Although not as good as at the beginning of the war, the morale of the 5th Division 
seemed good and its fighting value worthy of consideration (July 17). 

1918. 

1. After its return from Italy the division rested and trained at Chenois, near 
Charleville, from January 1 to March 1, when it moved to Anderlues-Resbaix (west 
of Charleroi) from March 1 to 14. On that date it moved to the front by night marches 
by Maubeuge, Landrecies, Wassigny, and Etaves. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. It took its place in line between Lesdins and Remancourt (north of St. Quentin) 
on the night of March 20-21. The next day it was engaged in support of the 25th 
Division, advancing via Morcourt and Fayet. It took part in the attack on Holnon 
Wood and reached Attilly that night. It continued to advance on the 22d via 
Beauvois-Lanchy-Uguy-Quivieres-Croix-Moleguaux to a point east of Falvy. On the 
24th it forced the crossing of the Somme at Falvy and Pargny and reached Morchain 
that night. It was at Omilcourt on the 25th and captured Chaulnes on the 26th;. 
from there it advanced to Fouquescourt and Rouvroy on the 27th, crossed the Avre, 
and when the line stabilized near Aubvillers the division withdrew, March 28. Its 
losses in the fighting were extremely heavy. In crossing the Somme it especially 
distinguished itself. 

3. The division rested until April 3, when it was reengaged between Sauvillers and 
Grivesnes from April 3-12. It again lost heavily, especially the 52d Regiment, during 
the attack of April 4 near the Bois de Arrachies. 

4. It rested and trained from April 13 to May 23 at Iron et Vadencourt, near Guise. 
It is known to have received 1,000 men from Beverloo on April 14. From May 23 to 
26 it marched toward the Aisne front by night, through Parpeville, Monceau le Neuf, 
Aisis sur Serre, Couvron, Laniscourt, Foucancourt. 

Battle or the Aisne. 

5. On the night of June 26 it entered line southeast of Lizy. In the offensive the 
division advanced by Chavignon, Malmaison, Uregny, region of Pommiers, Mercin, 
Pemant, east of Ambleny. It was partially relieved on June 7 and the last elements 
withdrawn by June 13. 

6. The division rested between Guise and Le Nouvion (Mannappes Lechelle) from 
the middle of June to July 18. During this period the Spanish sickness ravished the 
troops. Reinforcements reconstituted the division during this period. On July 19 
the division was transported to Anezy le Chateau by way of Wassigny, Guise, Mesbri- 
court. By marches it moved by steps to south of Soissons. 

Battle of the Marne. 

7. On July 21 the division was engaged near Buzancy. It fell back to the Vesle 
by Acy on August 1-2. It remained in the sector south of Vailly (Ciry-Salsogne, 
Sermoise) until September 5, when it retired to the line Vailly-Celle sur Aisne. 
After losing more than 1,000 prisoners it was relieved on September 18. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GEKMAlSr ARMY WHICI-I PARTICIPATED IN WAR. Ill 

Ardennes, 

8. The division was reengaged in the region of Jonchery on September 28. It 
retired north of the Aisne (Sept. 30) toward Berry au Bac. Again retreated October 
10 by Prouvais, La Malmaison, to Nizy le Comte. It was in line there until October 
17, when it retired to the second line for a week. It was reengaged in the same region 
from October 25 to November 5, when it retreated by Rozoy and Brunehamel with 
extremely heavy losses. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Before the summer of 1918 the 5th Division was an excellent assault division, 
frequently mentioned in German communiques. But after August, 1918, it became 
a sector-holding division. It was almost constantly in line after July 21 with conse- 
quent lowering of morale and discipline. In November it had but two battalions 
per regiment and three companies per battalion. 



112 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 113 

HISTORY. 

(Third District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

The 5th Reserve Division is organically a part of the 3d Reserve Corps, with the 
6th Reserve Division. 
Belgium. 

1. At the beginning of the war the division belonged to the 1st Army (Von Kluck). 
Detrained at Crefeld from August 10 to 12; entered Belgium the 18th. The 3d Reserve 
Corps was sent to France. The division was at Malines on August 22, at Vilvorde the 
26th, and fought against the Belgians on that day. The 3d Reserve Corps then turned 
toward Antwerp, which it besieged. After the city was taken the corps advanced 
toward the sea through Ghent, Bruges, October 13 to 16. The 19th the 5th Reserve 
Division attacked in the direction of Nieuport. At the beginning of November it 
fought in the vicinity of Bixschoote, in the forest of Houthulst; then until the end of 
November it held the Dixmude-Langmarck front. 

Russia. 

2. About December 2 the division entrained for the eastern front. On arriving in 
Russia it became part of Mackensen's army (9th Army). It was sent to the Bzura. 

1915. 

1. In February, 1915, the division was attached to the 10th Army and took part in 
the battle of Prasnysz. 

2. In May one of its brigades remained before Kovno with the 10th Army (Gen. 
von Eichhom). The other brigade joined the 3d Reserve Corps of the 9th Army 
(Gen. von Fabeck) and fought on the Bzura. The 52d Reserve Infantry was trans- 
ferred to the 107th Division. 

3. In July the division was reorganized. It was attached to the 9th Army before 
Warsaw and fought between the Bzura and the Pilica. 

4. In November, after crossing the -Vistula and the Bug it arrived before Barano- 
vitchi. It remained in this region until March, 1917. 

1916. 

1. On January 1, 1916, it held the eastern sector of Novo-Grudok, north of Bara- 
novitchi. 

2. At the beginning of April the division was placed in reserve behind this sector. 

3. During the first two weeks of July it was engaged between Gorodivche and 
Baranovitchi to oppose the Russian offensive started on this part of the front. On 
July 8 it suffered heavy losses. (The 8th Reserve had 1,200 men out of action.) 

1917. 
France. 

1. It was relieved in this area about the middle of April and sent to the Western 
Front. 

2. Entrained between the 17th and 18th of April at Molczacz (Baranovitchi sector) 
and went to France, via Brest-Litovsk-Warsaw-Oppeln-Breslau-Goerlitz-Dresden- 
Leipzig-Sondershausen-Frankfort on Main-Sarrebrucken-Metz. It detrained at 
Mars la Tour. 

WOEVRE. 

3. It was then sent to St. Mauiice sous les Cotes, where it rested for a few days 
and then went to the Cotes de Meuse, east of the Combres Heights. It went into 
the sector before Combres (Calonne trench) on May 15 or 16, and there became accus- 
tomed to the Western Front. 

125651°— 20 ^8 



114 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Calefornie Plateau. 

4. Relieved May 27, it was sent behind the Aisne front; spent about three weeks 
in the Sissonne region, and about June 19 went into line on Calif ornie Plateau near 
Chaevreux. On June 24, July 3 and 22, the division executed some violent attacks 
on Califomie Plateau, and some of its units lost half their men. 

5. Partially relieved about July 23, the units of the division were sent to rest suc- 
cessively at St. Erme, Ramecourt, and La Selve. Before August 10 it was back on 
Calif ornie Plateau (region of Craonne south of Corbeny). 

6. The division took part on the same position in the general retreat of November 1 
which brought the German lines back to the north of the Ailette following the French 
attack of La Malmaison. The division remained on these new lines (south and west 
of Corbeny) until January 22, 1918. 

7. Relieved on this date and put through a course of training in the region of Chi- 
may. On February 18 it marched to the sector of Juvincourt. 

RECRUITING. 

Brandenburg. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is considered by the Germans as a very good division. Its original 
elements came from the best corps, the Brandenburg corps, but it contains a large 
proportion of Poles. The division needs rest and replacements. When reconstituted 
it will probably again be a good unit. (Dec. 29, 1917.) 

1918. 
Laon. 

1. On February 21 the division relieved the 113th Division at Juvincourt, which 
sector it held until March 26. 

Picardy. 

2. It was withdrawn to reinforce the battle front at Chauny, where it appeared on 
April 2. About April 11, it retired to second line, from which it returned to the 
battle front on April 25, relieving the 242d Division at Couchy le Pots. The division 
continued to hold this sector until early June. 

No YON. 

3. Between June 1 and 10 it was moved from the Couchy le Pots sector to reinforce 
the Montdidier-Noyon battle front, where it Avas identified on June 12 near Courcelles. 
It was withdrawn on June 17. 

4. During July the division rested in rear of the Amiens front. 

SOMME. 

5. It came into line on August 8 at Trace le Mont. In the opening week of the 
offensive it lost many prisoners and retired from the line about August 20 to rest 
near St. Gobain. On the 29th it returned to line near Arblencourt-Ghamps. It 
withdrew early in September but returned to support the 80th Reserve Division in 
a counterattack executed in the region Sancy-Vauxillon September 16-18. 

6. Following this the division was rested near Laon. On October 7 it was entrained 
and moved to the region of Tupigny-Mennevret. 

7. It was engaged on October 9 to the east of Bohain before the extreme right of the 
4th British Army. It was relieved in this sector on October 23 by the 200th Division. 
At this time the division was very low in effectives; two regiments had three battalions 
of three companies and one regiment had but two battalions. The average company 
strength was about 50 men. 

8. Retired to rest for 15 days, the division returned to line on November 5, near 
Wiege Faty. It was last identified at Trelon on November 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a second-class diAdsion. In the earlier years it was a 
very good division, but through losses and lack of reinforcements during 1918 con- 
siderably reduced its value. 



DIVISIONS or GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 115 



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116 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(73d Landwehr and 74t]i Landwehr: Tenth District — Hanover. Sth. Landsturm: 
Eighth District — Rhine Province.) 

1916. 

The 5th Ersatz Division was organized in the fall of 1915 with the name of Basedow 
Division. It comprised the 37th Landwehr Brigade (73d and 74th Landwehr), 
until then attached to the 26th Reserve Corps, and the 2d Reserve Ersatz Brigade 
(3d Ersatz Reserve and 4th Reserve Brigade), situated in the Dixmude sector. With 
the 4th Ersatz Division, the Basedow Division, which became the 5th Ersatz Division 
in 1916, constituted at the end of 1915 the Werde Corps. 

Belgium. 

1. From January to October, 1916 the division remained in Belgium (region of 
Yser, then southeast of Ypres). However, the 4th Ersatz Reserve was transferred 
to the 206th Division at the beginning of September. 

SOMME. 

2. Withdrawn from the Ypres front at the beginning of October, the division was 
sent to the Somme and engaged north of Courcelette from October 19 to 30. 

3. In November it was sent to rest behind the Champagne front. 

Russia. 

4. At the beginning of December it was sent to Russia (the 73d Landwehr entrained 
December 11 northeast of Reims, via Dusseldorf-Hamburg-Koenigsburg-Tilsit-Pone- 
viej. Detrained at Elovka the 16th). 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

Sent into line in the lUukst sector (region of Dvinsk) at the beginning of January 
1917 and remained in this country during the whole year (lUukst, Lake Stenten, 
Kchtchava). Its losses were very small — 17 killed and 20 wounded in the 3d Ersatz 
Reserve from the end of December, 1916, to the end of August, 1917. Because the 
sector was so quiet the division had only small forces during the last months of 1917. 
The 73d Landwehr at the end of November had only 60 to 65 men p^r company (exami- 
nation of Russians). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division remained for a long time in the quiet sectors of the Russian front and 
seems to have had only moderate fighting value. 

1918. 

OOURLAND. 

1 . The 5th Ersatz Division was still in the vicinity of Dvinsk in February. In March 
it exchanged the 3d Ersatz Regiment for the Sth Landsturm Regiment of the 87th 
Division, the latter being on the point of leaving for France. 

Livonia. 

2. The division advanced into Livonia (in March) and remained in the Pskov- 
Ostrov region as late as June 27th. The 74th Landwehr Regiment was identified here 
on August 6, but the rest of the division was identified near Mitau during July. 

3. Toward the end of October, it was reported that the division, having been 
refitted, had come to the Western Front via Trier and Rethel however, the division 
was never actually identified on the Western Front. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as 4th class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 117 



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118 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(25th Landwehr and 65th Landwehr: Eighth District — Rhine Province. 36th Land- 
"wehr: Fourth District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1914. 

The 5th Landwehr Division is composed of two Landwehr brigades meant to be 
the war garrison of Metz, where they detrained August 9 and 10, 1914: 14th Landwehr 
Brigade from the Fourth District (36th Landwehr and 66th Landwehr) ; 30th Land- 
wehr Brigade from the Eighth District (25th Landwehr and 65th Landwehr). The 
17th Landwehr was under the 14th Brigade. 

WOEVRE. 

1. During the first days of September the 14th Landwehr Brigade was engaged at 
Fresnes and Marcheville (in Woevre), near the 33d Reserve Di^^.sion. It fought on 
the Cotes de Meuse, near Champion and Les Eparges, at the beginning of October 
and suffered heavy losses there. 

2. In December the two brigades (14th Landwehr Brigade and 30th Landwehr 
Brigade) were united in the Woevre (Warcq, Hennemont, Marcheville, Champion, 
Saulx). The division at that time was part of the Von Strantz detachment. 

1915. 

1. The division remained in the sector between Warcq and Saulx en Woe^Te during 
the whole of 1915. In January the 17th Landwehr, from which many men had de- 
serted, was sent to Russia, where it assisted in the formation of the 85th Landwehr 
Division. 

1916. 
Cotes de Meuse. 

1. At the time of the Verdun offensive the division was present during the attacks 
on the Cotes de Meuse, near Braquis,. Ronvaux, Manhuelles, at the end of February 
to March, 1916. 

2. Toward the end of March the 14th Landwehr Brigade took the place of the 
First Guaj"d Ersatz Brigade (Guard Ersatz Division) in the Apremont sector. 

3. The 30th Landwehr Brigade was kept before the Cotes de Meuse (region of 
Fresnes en Woevre) until July. It then rejoined the other brigade east of St. MiHel. 

1917. 
Forest of Apremont. 

1. The division from this time on did not leave the Forest of Apremont sector. In 
April, 1917, the 66th Landwehr was transferred to the 23d Landwehr Division, newly 
organized, and soon sent to Russia. 

VALUE 1917 estimate. 

A sector unit. 

1918. 

1. On April 12 the division undertook a local operation in the Apremont sector in 
an effort to divert troops and artillery from the Somme front. About 800 men of the 
Storm Battalion were engaged. Forty -seven prisoners were lost in the attack. Aside 
from this the sector continued very quiet until September 12. 

Battle of St. Mihiel. 

2. The division was engaged in the attack in the St. Mihiel salient. It lost heavily 
in prisoners, among whom were the entire staff of the 3d Battalion, 65th Landwehr 
Regiment, which was taken on September 12 in the Bois de Thiaucourt. The division 
retreated with orders to take up positions between the first and second positions of 



DIVISlOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. Il9 

the Hindenbirrg line. Here it had orders to hold the Mihiel Zone under all circum- 
stances. 

3. The division continned in line until the armistice. 

VAIjUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 5th Landwehr Division was rated as a fourth-class division. In 1918 it held 
the Apremont sector continuously, showing no initiative or capacity for offensive 
operation, but due to the small losses and heavy effectives it offered as much resistance 
to our attack in September as did the other German divisions in the salient. 



120 DIVISIONS OF GERMAKARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIYISIONS OP GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 121 

HISTORY. 

(Upper and Middle Franconia — Bavaria.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. At the beginning of tlie war the division was a part of the 3d Bavarian Army 
Corps, with the 6th Bavarian Division, and was part of the 6th Army (Crown Prince 
Ruprecht of Bavaria). Detrained between Boulay and Courcelles from August 9 to 11 , 
it fought August 20 on the right of the 2d Bav«,rian Corps at Oron, Lusy, Fremery. 
Crossed the frontier on the 22d and advanced to Sanon, fighting on the 25th at Serres 
and Ho^ville, and on September 2 at Einville Wood. During the days following it 
formed the left of the troops attacking Nancy by way of Champenoux. 

WOEVRE. 

2. After its failure the division was assembled at Metz on September 13 and 14. 
The 19th it was at Mars-la-Tour. From there going through La Haye it reached the 
Cotes de Meuse. The 7th Infantry took Nonsard the 20th and Heudicourt the 21st. 
Marching on the left of the 6th Bavarian Division, which went up the hill, the 5th 
Bavarian Division, walking along the summit, established itself in the forest of Apre- 
mont at the beginning of September 25 and held it during the whole of 1915, and, 
except for the months of October and November, 1915, during the summer of 1916. 
Its losses were quite high dm-ing the first two months of the campaign. On Octob^ 
14 the let Company of the 14th Infantry had only 1 officer and 41 men (notebooks). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1. October 6, 1915, the division was sent to Champagne, via Audun le Roman- 
Longuyon-Sedan, to relieve the 16th Reserve Division which had been crushed by the 
French attack of September 25. It was engaged south of Tahure (La Com-tine) 
beginning October 13. 

WoEVRE. 

2. At the beginning of December it returned to its old sector east of St. Mihiel. 

• 1916. 

Artois. 

1. In July, 1916, the division was withdrawn from the St. Mihiel salient and sent 
to Artois. It held the Lens-Vimy sector until the end of August, 1916. 

Somme. 

2. September 7 to 8 it was engaged in the Somme (Delville Wood-Ginchy). It 
suffered heavy losses in the fights aroimd Ginchy and during the British attack of 
September 15 (Flers, Gueudecourt). 

Artois. 

3. Relieved September 20, it went back into line after a few days of rest in the 
sector Neuve-Chapelle, south of the Armentieres road. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. The division remained on the front south of Armentieres during the whole winter 
1916 to 1917. In February it was reduced to three regiments on the transfer of the 
14th Infantry to the 16th Bavarian Division, newly organized. 

2. It left the lines at the end of April, but at the beginning of May went to the sector 
north of Arras, where it fought heavily at Fresnoy on May 7 and southeast of Gavrelle 
on June 28. 

Belgium. 

3. Withdrawn from the Oppy-Gavrelle front July 1 and sent to rest near the Belgian- 
Dutch front. It went through a period of training at the Brasschaet camp in July. 



122 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

4. About August 6 it entrained and went to Gits, via Lokeren, Ghent, TMelt, and 
Pitthen. From there it went to Roulers. On August 10 held the sector south of St. 
Julien, east of Ypres, where it suffered heavy losses in the fighting of August 15 and 
days following. Relieved August 24. 

5. After a period of rest the division went back into line September 8 in the quiet 
sector of Deulemont (south of the Lys) and held it until the end of February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Upper and Middle Franconia (3d Bavarian District). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Although not among the best Bavarian divisions, it was a good combat unit. In 
1917 it did well at Arras and on the Ypres front where it suffered heavy losses (infor- 
mation from the British, February, 1918). 

1918. 

1. About February 13 the diA^sion was relieved, moved to Tourcoing (Feb. 14), 
and trained in that area until March 17, when it marched to Roubaix. It entrained 
and moved to Fressies (5 miles north of Cambrai), rested until the 19th, and moved 
to the front. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. It was engaged east of Caipbrai (Vaux-Vran court) on March 22. Retiring to 
second line about April 4, it rested near Sapignies until about April 11, when it was 
identified southeast of Boyelles. It was relieved by the 111th Division on May 6. 

3. The division trained in the Somain area until May 22, when it was moved by 
trucks via Cantin and Palluel to Ecourt. A day later it marched to BuUecourt and 
relieved the 221st Division on night of May 24-25. Lieut. Gen. v. Endres, the divi- 
sion commander, was promoted to the command of the 1st Bavarian Corps about this 
time The division was relieved in the Boyelles sector on July 15 Toy the 21st 
Reserve Division. 

Battle of the Somme. 

4. After resting behind the Arras Front the division entered the line near Lihons 
on August 10. After suffering heavy losses it withdrew from the battle front south of 
Peronne on September 24 and retired to the Le Gateau region. 

5. It rested for a week and returned to the battle at Rumilly on the night of Sep- 
tember 30-October 1. About October 12, after heavy losses, it was withdrawn and 
rested near Valenciennes. 

6. On October 25 it was again put in line at Rameguies-Chin. It was last identified 
at Mom-court on November 9. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The 5th Bavarian Division was a first-class division. In 1918, it was almost con- 
stantly engaged in the most active sectors on the British front. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED I?^ AVAR. 123 









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124 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Third Bavarian District— Upper Palatinate, Upper and Middle Franconia.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. The division eonstituted, with the 5th Bavarian Reserve Division, the 1st 
Bavarian Reserve Corps, and at the beginning of the war was part of the army of 
Crown Prinee Ruprecht of Bavaria (6th Army). It detrained from August 11 to 13 
between Sarreguemines and Sarralbe. It fought August 20 on the left of the 21st 
Corps at Loudrefeing, was engaged the 26th at Maixe, September 2 at Deuxville, 
northwest of Luniville, and remained a few days longer behind Luniville. 

2. On September 13 it was in line on the Seille and the Paris-Avricourt Railroad 
and remained there until the last days of the month. 

Artois. 

3. September 28 and 29 the division entrained at Metz. Detrained the 30th and 
October 1 at Valenciennes. Engaged north of Arras (Roclincourt-Carency) in October 
and November and took position in the sector. 

1915. 

In January, 1915, the division was increased by the 39th Landwehr Infantry (West- 
phalian), coming from Brussels and sent as punishment to the Artois front. In 
March and April two of its regiments were transferred, the 6th Reserve to the 10th 
Bavarian Division, and the 13th to the 11th Bavarian Division. 

Artois. 

1. May 9, 1915, the division suffered very heavy losses dui'ing the French offensive 
of Carency-Souchez. (The 10th Reserve Infantry lost 35 officers and 1,711 men, the 
1st Reserve Bavarian Battalion of Chasseurs lost 13 officers and 750 men.) 

2. In the middle of June the division was moved south of the Scarpe in front of 

Arras (Blangy sector). 

1916. 

In January, 1916, the 39th Landwehr Infantry went to Russia. 

1. The division remained in Artois until August, 1916, and was increased by a 
regiment from the 1st Bavarian Division (3d Reserve Infantry later replaced by the 
12th Reserve Infantry). 

SOMME. 

2. Relieved about August 7, the division was sent to the Somme and was engaged 
near Maurepas from the middle of August to September. Heavy losses. August 19 
the 2d Battalion of the 10th Reserve Infantry was reduced to 150 men (letter). Sep- 
tember 1 the 3d Battalion of the 7th Reserve Infantry borrowed 200 men from the 5th 
Bavarian Ersatz (letter). 

AlSNE. 

3. In the middle of September the division was sent to the Aisne, where it held a 
quiet sector east of Craonne until the end of November. 

SoMME. 

4. About December 9 the division returned to the Somme (south of Saillisel.) 

1917. 

1. The division was withdrawn from the Somme front at the end of January, 1917, 
and sent to rest in the vicinity of Cambrai until April. 

AlSNB. 

2. At the beginning of April it was sent east of Laon to the region of St. Erme, and 
reinforced the front south of Juvincourt between the Miette and the Aisne about 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 125 

April 12 in anticipation of the French offensive. It was subjected to the attack of 
the 16th and suffered heavy losses (2,000 prisoners). 
St. Mihiel. 

3. Withdrawn from the Aisne front about April 20, the division was reconstituted 
north of Laon (?), and on May 1 held the St. Mihiel sector (Chauvoncourt-Spada) . 

4. October 7 it left the region of St. Mihiel. 
Flanders. 

5. Sent to Flanders and sent into line October 12 near the Ypres-Roulers Railroad 
(Zonnebeke). In November it was left of Artois, where it held, after intervals of 
relief, a sector north of the Scarpe (from Gavrelle to Acheville). It was still there at 
the end of February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

3d Bavarian Division (Upper Palatinate, Upper and Middle li'ranconia). 

VALUE- — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Good division, which has always fought well (October, 1917). April 16, 1917, it 
fought with great tenacity. 

1918. 

1. Early in January the division was relieved in its sector north of the Scarpe and 
went to rest north of Douai. ' - 

Scarpe. 

2. It was reengaged southeast of Gavrelle on February 21, when it was in line dur- 
ing the attack. It took no prominent part in the offensive and was withdrawn about 
the 1st of April. 

SOMME. 

3. On April 7-8 it came in line south of Hebuterne, where it was engaged until 
April 16. After eight days' rest it came into line south of the Ayette, relieving the 
195th Division on April 24, It was not withdrawn until July 24. 

Alsace. 

4. The division moved to Muelhausen, via Belgium and Germany, a trip of 10 
days. While at rest there it was frequently alerted in anticipation of an expected 
Allied attack in that region. On September 4 it returned through Germany and 
Belgium to Douai, where the British were attacking. 

5. It left Douai on September 22, detraining at Dun sur Mouse on September 23. 
From there the division marched to the front. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

6. On September 27 it was engaged at Daunevoux. It was engaged throughout the 
entire Meuse-Argonne battle on the American front. At Montfaucon it was forced 
back with heavy losses. The division affected relief by regiments, which were sent 
to close support to be reconstituted by drafts. Five hundred replacements were 
received early in October. The initial company combat strength averaged 60 men. 
On November 4 this had been reduced to 20. Dming the retreat of November 1-2 
the division crossed the Meuse and took up a position on the east bank. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The 5th Bavarian Reserve Division was rated as a second-class division. Apart 
from the Meuse-Argonne offensive, it did not see much heavy fighting during the 
year. Its effectives had been almost completely used up by the time of the armistice. 



126 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

5tli Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 





1918 




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1 At the time of its dissolution, July, 1918. 

HISTORY. 
1918. 

There were repeated rumors of the division being on the Western Front in 1918, but 
no satisfactory identification was ever received. 

According to a deserter of the 8th Dragoon Regiment, who left his regiment in Jeu- 
mont, south of Binche, on May 20, the entii'e 5th Cavalry Division entrained in Russia 
about March 6 and detrained at Zossen, south of Berlin, where it was re-formed and 
trained. On the 26th of April the division moved to St. Amand, from where it moved 
two weeks later to the Jeumont and Marpent area. 

Evidence points to the dissolution of the division on the Western Front about 
July, 1918. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated a^ a fourth-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 127 



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128 Divisioisrs OF german army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(Third District — ^Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

At mobilization the 6th Division formed, together with the 5th Division, the 3d 
Army Corps (Berlin). 
Charleroi-Marnb. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 3d Army Corps belonged to the 1st Army (Von 
Kluck). Entered Belgium August 4 and the 11th Brigade made part of the unit 
which attacked Liege. Its reservists rejoined it there. The 12th Brigade crossed 
the Belgian frontier August 15; then the division, completely filled up, marched via 
Tongres, Louvain, and Hal. It fought the 24th at Mens and Frameries. Going via 
Villers-Cotterets (Sept. 1), La Ferte-Milon, it arrived at Petit-Morin September 4. 
Engaged the 6th between Montceaux and Courgivaux on the left of the 5th Division. 
Obliged to retreat, it established itself on the right bank of the Aisne in the region of 
Soissons. It remained there until the end of June, 1915. 

AlSNE. 

2. From October 30 to November 30, 1914, the division, reinforced by units of 
neighboring organizations, directed a successful offensive against the French troops 
in the region Chavonne-Soupir and threw them back on the left bank of the Aisne 
November 17 to 19, 1914. 

1915. 

1. From the end of January to July, 1915, the Aisne front was held by the division 
and remained quiet, the division suffering no losses. At the end of March the 35th 
Fusilier Regiment was transferred to 56th Division (new division). 

Artois. 

2. Relieved from the region of Soissons toward the end of June and sent to Artois. 
On July 14 it took the place of the Bavarians before Arras. Withdrawn from the front 
toward the beginning of August and sent to rest between Valenciennes and Cambrai. 

Serbia. 

3. September 23 it entrained for the Eastern Front. With the 25th Reserve Divi- 
sion it constituted, on the Serbo-Hungarian frontier, a new 3d Army Corps belonging 
to the Gallwitz Army. October 9 it crossed the Danube and remaiaed in Serbia 
until the capture of Kragujewatz . During this October campaign the division suffered 
greatly. 

France. 

4. Returned to the Western Front at the beginning of December. Sent to rest and 
reorganized in the region Hirson-Avesnes. 

1916. 

1. At the end of January and the beginning of February, 1916, it was sent to the 
front north of Verdun (Romagne-Mangiennes area). 

Verdun. 

2. February 22 it was engaged with the 5th Division in the zone between the western 
limits of Herbebois and the eastern slopes of the Cotes de Meuse. The two divisions 
did not go beyond Fort Douaumont, captured by the 24th Infantry. Their violent 
attacks on the village February 26 to 28 were repulsed. March 2 the regiments were 
withdrawn from the front and filled up. 

3. On March 8 new and unsuccessful attacks against the village of Douaumont 
and the Hardaumont defenses. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 129 

4. About March 15 the 3d Army Corps was withdrawn from the front. The 6th 
Division went to the region of Mulhouse to be reorganized. On April 25 the division 
was again engaged (south of Douaumont-Caillette Wood) and again suffered heavily. 
It ia probable that each of its regiments were completely reorganized after each attack 
on Douaumont (more than 60 per cent losses). 

6. At the end of May the division was relieved and sent to rest in the region of Ville 
ail Montoia. 

Champagne. 

7. In the middle of June it was sent to Champagne and occupied quiet sectors 
northeast of Prunay, then east of Auberive. It remained there till the end of Septem- 
ber. It exchanged its 20th Infantry Regiment for the 396th Infantry Regiment, 
organized September 26. (See illustration.) 

SOMME, 

8. At the beginning of October sent to the Somme and was engaged in the region 
of Gueudecoirrt and again suffered heavily, October 8 to 29. 

Argonne. 

9. Withdrawn from the Somme front at the end of October; went to the Argonne 
in the sector Fille-Morte-Boureuilles, November 30 to beginning of April, 1917. 

1917. 

1. At the beginning of April, 1917, the division was sent to Alsace. It stayed 
about two weeks in the region of Mulhouse. 

Champagne. 

2. About April 20 sent to Champagne and took over a sector south of Moronbilliers 
where it was subjected to the French attack of April 30. It had to be relieved a few 
days after, as it suffered great losses at Mont-Haut (50 to 75 men per company). 

3. The division returned to Alsace and was reorganized behind the front in the 
region of Mulhouse. 

Russia. 

4. About July 1 sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia, where it held a sector in the 
Skalat region. 

France. 

Withdrawn from this front at the beginning of October it entrained for France, 
beginning the 7th, southeast of Tarnopol, and traveled via Lemberg-Cracow-Dresden- 
Cassel-Coblentz-Treves-Thionville-Montmedy-Charleville-Vouziers. 

Aisne. 

5. After staying a few days around Vouziers and Marie the division was sent on 
October 23, the date of the French offensive, precipitately near Laon. October 24 
and 25 it took over a sector on the Ailette in the region of Lizy (Urcel sector) and was 
still holding it January 24, 1918, after a period of rest in Laon in November. 

RECRUITING. 

Same remarks as for the 5th Division. 

value — 1917 estimate. 

The 3d Army Corps was always considered as one of the star corps of the Prussian 
Army. The 6th Division was among the best in Germany. 

The military qualities seem to have been considerably lessened after the losses 
suffered, notably before Verdun and in the Mont Haut sector. It must be noted, 
however, that, according to the examination of a deserter on November 2, 1917, the 
396th Regiment is still considered as an excellent unit whose morale is intact. 
125651°— 20 9 



130 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 

Losses before Verdun (February to May, 1916): 20tli Infantry, 2,904 men (633 killed) ; 
24th Infantry, 2,691 (584 killed); 64th. Infantry, 2,819 (603 killed); 3d Battalion of 
Chasseurs, 1,422 (219 killed). Total, 9,831 men (2,039 killed). 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1. The division was relieved by the 6th Bavarian Reserve DiAdsion January 12. 
It, in turn, relieved the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division the 24th. February 22 it 
was again relieved by the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division. It rested then in the 
Maubeuge area, where it underwent a thorough course of training. The division 
then marched via Catillon, Bohain, Fresnoy le Grand, Le Verguier, Berthaucourt, 
Vermand, Marteville, Trefcon, Monchy Lagache. 

Peronne. 

2. It came into line S. E. of that city near Meharicom't, March 24, relieving the 113th 
Division. 

AlSNE. 

3. It was withdrawn from line about the 10th of April, and went to the Guise area, 
where, with the 5th Division, it was put through another course of training. It rein- 
forced the battle front near Juvigny, May 27. It was withdrawn from line August 4. 

It moved via Anizy le Chateau, southwest of Laon, Guise, Grougis, Bohain, Bertry, 
Neuvilly, Solesmes, Valenciennes, Ghent, to Turkyen (northwest of Roulers). The 
division remained here until September 7, when it entrained at Roulers and traveled 
via Lille and Denain to Iwuy, remaining in reserve in the Sancourt-Provllle area 
until the 14th, when it was moved up into support near Ribecourt. 
Cambrai. 

4. During the night of September 17-18 it reentered the line and counterattacked 
against Havrincourt (southwest of Cambrai). It was Avithdrawn October 1, after 
suffering heavy losses. 

5. The division came back into line near Escadoeuvres (northeast of Cambrai), 
October 7. It was withdrawn on the 17th. 

Valenciennes. 

6. October 23 the division entered line near Escautpont (north of Valenciennes). 

7. It was withdrawn a few days later, and reappeared in line south of Valenciennes 
on the 29th. The night of November 7-8 it was relieved by the 185th Division. 

VALUE 1918 estimate. 

According to an article by Prof. Wegener in the Koelnische Zeitung, March 30, 
the 6th Division " particularly distinguished itself " in the Somme offensive. It did 
very well, too, in the Aisne attack and also in the German attempts to prevent the 
Allied advance beginning July 18. It suffered very heavy losses — e. g., 1,550 
prisoners in its two engagements on the Cambrai front during September and early 
October; nevertheless, it is still to be considered as one of the best German shock 
divisions. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 131 













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HISTORY. 

(Third District — ^Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

The 6th Reserve Division belonged organically to the 3d Reserve Corps, like the 
5th Reserve Division. 
Belgium. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 3d Reserve Corps belonged to the 1st German 
Army (Gen. von Kluck). The 6th Reserve Division detrained August 10 in the 
region of Crefeld, entered Belgimn the 17th, passed through Belgian Limburg at the 
beginning of September, moved on Malines to oppose the Belgian offensive. Sep- 
tember 9 the division attacked the Belgian troops in the region of Louvain and then 
took part in the siege of Antwerp. 

YSBR. 

2. After the fall of Antwerp it moved toward the sea from October 13 to 16, through 
Ghent, Bruges, and Ostend. It concentrated near Thourout October 19 and fought 
along the Yser Canal. It fought violently in the region of Nieuport-Dixmude at the 
end of October and the beginning of November. 

Russia. 

3. At the beginning of December the 3d Reserve Corps went to Russia, the 6th 
Reserve Division being withdrawn from the Belgian front about the middle of 
November. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1. On arriving on the Eastern Front the division was engaged on the Bzura and 
before Warsaw (9th Army, under Mackensen). 

2. In July, 1915, it became a part of Von Buelow's army, which marched on the 
left wing (north) of the German forces during the offensive against Russia (summer 
and fall of 1915). 

DVINA. 

3. In November the division still belonged to Von Buelow's army, called the 
Niemen army, and was engaged on the Dvina. 

1916. 

COURLAND. 

1. In February, 1916, the division (8th Army under Von Buelow) held a sector 
in the region of Riga-Friedrichstadt. 

2. During its stay in Russia the division did not have very heavy losses except in 
July, 1916, when it opposed violent Russian attacks near Kekkau. 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

1. Relieved from the Kekkau sector in May, 1917, and was sent to the Western 
Front. 

France. 

2. Entrained about May 6 at Mitau and sent via Cottbus, Cassel, Coblentz, Treves, 
Thionville to Dun, where it detrained May 13. 

MoRT Homme — Hill 304. 

3. At the end of May the division went into line on the left bank of the Meuse in 
the sector Mort Homme — Hill 304. On June 29 some of the units of the division 
supported an attack attempted by the 10th Reserve Division against Hill 304 and 
suffered heavy losses. August 20 the French offensive struck them. Its losses were 
enormous. Two of its regiments, the 24th Reserve and 20th Reserve, were nearly 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 133 

wii)ed out. The 35th Reserve was not weakened quite so much, yet was seriously 

diminished. The division lost 2,800 prisoners. 

KussiA. 

4. Withdrawn from the front, the division was sent to Galicia at the end of Sep- 
tember. It was still there January 31 on the old Austro-Russian frontier after furnish- 
ing reinforcements to the Western Front. 

RECRUITING. 

Brandenburg. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 6th Reserve Division, a short time after its retiun from the Eastern Front, was 
considered about as follows: "Its value is mediocre. In spite of its units from Bran- 
denburg and the recent creation of shock troops, its long stay in Russia has greatly 
depreciated its fighting value" (July 11, 1917). 

This judgment was completely verified August 20, 1917: "The 6th Reserve Division 
on the whole opposed no resistance to the French attack of August 20 at any point. 
* * * The conduct of a good number of its officers seems not to have been edifying. 
A good many seized the pretext of intoxication or gave unsatisfactory reasons for 
withdrawing to the rear" (October, 1917). 

The German command thought best to send this division back to the Eastern Front 
(September, 1917). 

1918. 
France. 

The 6th Reserve Division entrained at Zborow the evening of March 8, and traveled 
via Sokal-Brest Litovsk-Varsovia-Kaliscz-Lissa-Gorlitz-Bautzen-Di-esden-Leipsic- 
Weimar - Erf urth - Eisenach - Bebra - Fulda - Hanau - Frankfort - Mainz - Kreuznach - 
Thionville-Sedan to Balhain (northeast of Asfeld), where it arrived March 15. 

The division rested at Villers (near Asfeld) until the 25th of March, when it re- 
entrained and traveled to Crecy sur Serre. From there it marched via Mesbrecourt- 
Pouilly sur Serre-La F^re-Liez-Commonchon to the area northeast of Noyon, and 
remained in reserve for some days. Elements of the division came into line west 
of Chauny at the end of March, but were soon withdrawn. About the 1st of April the 
whole division marched to Roye and remained there until the 15th, when it con- 
tinued its march via Erches and Arvillers to Plessier, relieving the 2d Guard Division 
southwest of Moreuil May 1. 

The beginning of August it was relieved by the 24th Division and shortly after it 
was dissolved and the men composing it were sent as drafts to the 5th and 6th Divisions. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The only aggressive action of the division on the Western Front during 1918 was a 
raid carried out by a battalion against the French lines in the La Gaune woods (south- 
west of Moreuil) early in May; it was not a success, and it is estimated that practically 
the whole attacking force was wiped out. The 6th Reserve is rated as a third-class 
division. 



134 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAK. 











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DIVISIONS OP GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAE. 135 

HISTORY. 

(Upper Palatinate and part of Lower Bavaria.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. In August, 1914, the 6tli Bavarian Division with the 5th Bavarian Division con- 
stituted the 3d Bavarian Corps and was part of the 6th Bavarian Army (Crown Prince 
Rupprecht of Bavaria). One of its brigades, the 11th, detrained, beginning August 4, 
at Remilly as a covering force. August 20 the division fought on the right of the 5th 
Bavarian Division at Prevecourt and Delme. They crossed the French frontier with 
this division on the 22d and were engaged the 25th at Maixeon the Sanon and north of 
Luneville during the first days of September. Also with the 5th Bavarian DiAdsion, it 
was near Champenoux September 8, at the time of the attack against Nancy until the 
11th, and then retreated. 

Cotes de Meuse. 

2. Assembled at Metz from the 14th to the 17th, the division went on the 18th to the 
west of the Moselle. It reached and climbed the Cotes de Meuse the 21st and attacked 
the fort of the Camp des Romains and St. Mihiel the 27th. 

St. Mihiel. 

3. Following these attacks which continued during October and ended in the 
capture of the fort and of St. l^Iihiel, the division estaolished itself from Chauvoncourt 
to Spada in November to December. 

1915. 
St. Mihiel. 

1. The division remained in the sector of the St. Mihiel salient (Chauvoncourt- 
Spada-Lamorville) during the whole of 1915 and imtil June, 1916. 

1916. 

Verdun. 

1. About June 20, 1916, the 11th Bavarian Brigade was relieved from the St. Mihiel 
sector and sent to Longuyon and from there to the Verdun front. It participated in 
opposing the French attack of June 23 (with the Alpine Corps) on Thiaumont and 
suffered heavy losses. 

2. Sent to rest July 4. 

3. The 12th Brigade withdrew from the St. Mihiel front July 13 and 16 and went 
into line before Fleury, beginning July 17 to 18 (11th Regiment). Its losses were 
such that on July 26 the replacement depot of the 11th Infantry at Ratisbonne was 
ordered by telegraph to furnish immediately 500 replacements (letter). 

4. On August 2 and 3 the whole division was fighting in this sector and lost heavily. 

SOMME. 

5. The division left the Verdun front about August 5. After a short stay in the 
Argonne it was sent to the Somme at the begioning of September, fought between 
Flers and Gueudecourt September 15 to 27 and again suffered serious losses. 
Artois. 

6. On August 1 the division took over the sector of Neuve Chapelle-Festubert, 
and remained there until May 10, 1917. 

1917. 

1. At the end of January, 1917, the 11th Infantry and the 3d Field Artillery were 
transferred to the 6th Bavarian Division (new). 



136 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WJIICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Artois. 

2. The di\dsion was relieved from the Neuve Chapelle sector May 10 and weiit into 
line northeast of Arras (Oppy, Fresnoy, Aeheville), in the middle of May. They 
suffered some loss from gas attacks. 

Flanders. 

3. The division left Artois September 10 and went to Flanders (sector northeast of 
Langemarck) September 29. The British attack of October 4 caused it heavy losses 
and it lost Poelcappelle to the British. 

4. Relieved October 8, sent to rest, and reorganized. 

Artois. 

5. On October 18 it appeared south of the La Bassee Canal, where it suffered again 
from gas attacks. 

RECRUITING. 

Upper Palatinate and part of Lower Bavaria (Third Bavarian district). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The morale of the division was good. On the Fresnoy front in 1917 it showed activity 
and enterprise. It always reacted quickly against attacks, but it seems that it could 
easily be persuaded to adopt a more passive attitude if circumstances were such as to 
permit it (information of the British, February, 1918). 

1918. 

1. The 6th Bavarian Division was relieved south of the La Bassee Canal by the 4th 
Ersatz Division, January 18, and went to rest in the area south of Toumai. 

Lille. 

2. About the middle of February it relieved the 187th Division south of the Bois 
Grenier (west of Lille). About the 24th it was relieved by the 10th Ersatz Division, 
and went back nearer Lille, where it probably received training in open warfare, 
although this fact has never been definitely established. 

Cambrai. 

3. For the Somme offensive, the division was sent to the Cambrai front, entering 
the line March 20, near Bullecourt, and attacking the following day. Little progress 
was made by the Germans on this part of the front, and the division lost heavily in 
many attacks. It was withdrawn about March 26. 

DiXMUDE. 

4. April 4 it relieved the 214th Division south of Dixmude. A very elaborate 
attack against the Belgians was planned to take place here April 17, and it was to 
be made by the 6th Bavarian Division and some elements of adjoining units. It 
was presumed that the German successes at Mount Kemel had shaken the Une to the 
north and that the whole Ypres salient could be captured. Preparations were made, 
and the attack attempted, but it failed completely, and the Belgians not only threw 
the enemy back but took a great many prisoners. It was withdrawn about the 19th 
and went to rest for a week near Ruddervoorde (south of Bruges), although some of 
its elements held part of the sector of the 1st Landwehr Division east of Merckem for 
a day or two. 

Verdun. 

5. The division was sent to the Verdun region via Brussels-Namur-Sedan-Mont- 
medy, and went into camp in the vicinity of Chauvency (west of Montmedy), where 
it remained 10 days. 

Meuse. 

6. May 24 it relieved the 22d Division near Beaumont (north of Verdun). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 137 

ROYE. 

7. It was relieved about August 7, and after resting a few days moved up to the 
Roye region. It was identified in the Bois des Loges August 16; it had relieved the 
206th Division. The division remained in Une retiring in the face of the Allied 
advance, but fighting stubbornly, especially near Campagne, Montigny, and Essigny 
le Grand; at the last-named place it counterattacked violently, but in vain, Sep- 
tember 29. It was still in line when the armistice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 6th Bavarian is rated as one of the 45 best enemy divisions. It suffered 
extremely heavy losses, but since it always fought well — though not brilliantly, 
during 1918 — the German High Command sent it as many replacements as it could. 
The morale has always been good, but quite anti-Prussian. 



138 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 








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HISTORY. 

(16th. Bavarian Reserve Regitaent: First Bavarian District. 17tli Bavarian Reserve 
Regiment: Second Bavarian District. 20th Bavarian Reserve Regiment: (?).) 

1914. 
Flanders. 

1. This division was organized in Bavaria in September, 1914, and sent to Bel- 
gium about October 21. Assembled in the vicinity of Lille and was sent toward 
Dadizeele the 27th and was near Gheluvelt October 29, but does not seem to have 
been in the fight. 

2. November 1 it was sent south of Ypres between Hollebeke and Messines. It 
attacked in the direction of Wytschaete November 2 and suffered heavy losses: 11th 
Company, 4 officers and 181 men (16th Reserve Regiment); 6th company of the 17th 
Reserve Regiment, 5 officers and 228 men (casualty lists). November 6 the 3d com- 
pany of the 21st Reserve Regiment was reduced to 3 provisional officers and 63 men 
(notebook). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. The division remained in the Messines-Wytschaete sector until the beginning 
of March, 1915. 

2. Relieved between March 6 and 8 and sent the 11th as reinforcements to the 
7th Coi-ps at Neuve Chapelle. Then sent to rest in the region of Roubaix in March. 

Lille. 

3. Beginning of April it went into line southwest of Lille between Grenier Wood 
and Aubers and held this sector until the end of September, 1916. 

1916. 

1. July 19, 1916, the division suffered heavy losses in opposing the British attack 
southeast of Laventie. 

SOMME. 

2. Relieved from the Lille front about September 27 and engaged in the Somme 
district near Eaucourt I'Abbaye and Gueudecourt until October 13. Again suffered 
heavily. 

Artois. 

3. October 25 it took over the Vimy-Lievin sector, south of Lens. 

1917. 

1. The division held the fi'ont south of Lens during all the winter of 1916 to 
1917 and executed many raids. 

2. February 12 sent to rest near Douai and reorganized in February and March. 
One of its regiments, the 21st Reserve, was transferred to the 16th Bavarian Division, 
newly organized. 

3. March 14 it went into line north of the La Bassee Canal. 

4. Withdrawn from this sector at the end of April and was engaged May 8 north- 
east of Arras, at Oppy Gavrelle, until May 11. In the middle of June it returned to 
this sector for a few days and does not seem to have suffered heavy losses. 

Ypres. 

5. After a rest near Douai until the end of June the division was sent to Flanders, 
Was first placed in reserve south of Thielt during the first few weeks cf July and 
engaged the 18th southeast of Ypres in the Ledegli«m sector. Lost heavily from the 
artillery preparation and was relieved July 30 before the British attack. 



140 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 

Alsace. • 

6. Sent to Alsace and held the Altkirch sector from the middle of August to begin- 
ning of October. 

Laonnois. 

7. About October 16 to 17 it was sent to the region of Lizy, southwest of Laon. 
It relieved on the Ailette, east of Anizy le Chateau, about October 25, the remains of 
the 14th and 52d Divisions, decimated by the French attack of the 23d. 

8. The division was not heavily engaged in the sector of Lizy. It continued to 
hold it in November and December 1917 and January 1918. During this period it 
was sent to Vervins for rest and training. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was organized as an attack unit. From Januaiy 24 to February 19, 
1918, it went through a training for the offensive in the vicinity of Vervins including 
breaking- through maneuvers, Feb. 1 with a Prussian division at Vallee aux Bleds; 
another divisional maneuver February 11 before the German Crown Prince and Gen, 
Ludendorff; third divisional maneuver February 18 (examination of prisoners, Feb. 
28, 1918). It is to be noted that in Flanders, where the division had the only important 
fight it had in 1917 it suffered heavily. Its morale was so weakened that it had to be 
withdrawn before the British attack. 

1918. 
Vervins. 

1. The 6th Bavarian Reserve Division was relieved in the Anizy le Chateau region 
by the 6th Division, January 24 and went to the vicinity of Vervins where it was put 
through a course of training in open warfare, in which artillery and aeroplanes par- 
ticipated. These exercises were supervised by the Crown Prince and Ludendorff. 

2. February 22 it relieved the 6th Division in its former section. About the end of 
the month the division was relieved by elements of the 13th Landwehr Division, and 
by the extension of the flanks of the neighboring divisions, going to rest in the Chauny 
region. 

Somme. 

3. Toward the middle of April the division relieved the 206th Division near Mesnil 
St. Georges (southwest of Montdidier). It was relieved by the 25th Reserve Division 
April 21. 

Ailette. 

4. There is some doubt as to where the division went; it was reported northeast of 
Ghent, northeast of Laon, and in Lorraine. There is some evidence to show that it 
relieved the 222d Division near Anizy le Chateau during the night of May 2-3. This 
front was very quiet until the German offensive of May 27, in which attack the 6th 
Bavarian Reserve Division did not attack in the front line — being "leap-frogged" 
by the 5th and 6th Divisions acting as shock units — but followed up the advance 
coming into line between these two divisions during the night of the 27th-28th. It 
was at this time definitely identified. In the attack on Terny (May 28), the division 
met with strong resistance and suffered heavily. June 1 it captured Le Port, but lost 
it again to the French on June 7, with severe losses. It was relieved about the 15th by 
the 53d Reserve Division. 

Marne. 

5. July 17 it was identified near Passy sur Marne (west of Dormans). It was with- 
drawn August 6 and spent a fortnight refitting. 

Bapaume. 

6. August 23 it reinforced the front near Ervillers (northwest of Bapaume) having 
traveled via Cambrai, Bourlon, and Beugnitre. The division was withdrawn early in 
September. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 141 

Ypres. . 

7. It relieved the 8th Division southwest of Messines during the night of September 
17-18. Just before coming into line the 17th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment was 
dissolved and its men drafted to the other two regiments of the division. It was 
replaced by the 25th Bavarian Infantry Regiment from the 14th Bavarian Division 
which was dissolved at this time. Likewise, the 6th Bavarian Reserve Field Artillery 
Regiment was dissolved and replaced by the 19th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment 
from the 10th Bavarian Division disbanded in July. The division remained in line 
until the armistice was signed, withdrawing through Wytschaete-Houthem-Comines 
Marcke-Ooteghem and Krinstraat. 

VALUE— 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 6th Bavarian Reserve is rated as a second-class division, which seems justified 
not only from opinions concerning its ability as a fighting unit coming from Allied 
sources, but also from the fact that, although it had a course of training in "breaking 
through" in February, it was never so used by the German High Command, serving 
rather as a "follow up "division. (Cf. May 2 7 offensive.) The division suffered heavy 
losses during its 1918 engagements; indeed, some prisoners captured the middle of 
September said that it was to be broken up. They were mistaken, but one of the 
infantry regiments and the artillery regiment were disbanded. 



142 DIVISIONS or German aemy which participated iisr wah. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 143 

HISTORY. 

(First Bavarian District.) 

1914. 
Alsace. 

1. The division was sent into the Vosges at the beginning of the campaign (3 bri- 
gades, of which one was from Wurtemberg). It fought in the valley of the Fecht in 
August, 1914. Beginning with October it occupied the region Ste. Marie aux Mines- 
Col du Bonhomme. October 2 the 1st Bavarian Brigade entrained at Colmar for 
Belgium and garrisoned Antwerp until December. 

2. At the beginning of November the 3d Bavarian Landwelu" Division took part in 
the attacks on the Violu. 

1915. 

1. From February to April, 1915, the units which at that time made up tliis divi- 
sion were again separated. The 1st Bavarian Landwehr (mixed) Brigade came back 
from Belgium in the middle of December and went to Champagne (Souain-Somme-Py) 
to reinforce the 15th Division; the 2d Mixed Brigade continued to hold the Orbey la 
Poutroye sector south of Bonhomme (valley of the Weiss). The Wurtemberg Brigade 
(von Freeh) was transferred in April to the 7th Landwehr Division (Wurtemberg) 
in upper Alsace. 

2. In April, 1915, the remaining two brigades were assembled on the Vosges front 
(Orbey, Valley of the Weiss) and from that time on held this sector without much 
change. 

3. In July some units of the division fought in the region of the Linge. 

1916. 

1. Vosges sector (valley of the Weiss, Col du Bonhomme). At the end of Decem- 
ber, 1916, the 2d Bavarian Landwehr was transferred to the 2d Bavarian Landwelu" 
Division (new). 

1917. 

1. In 1917 the division extended its sector from the region of Col du Bonhomme 
to the valley of the Fecht (Munster). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was in line in the region of Orbey (south of Col du Bonhomme) from 
1915 on. It is a mediocre division made up of elderly men. The companies have no 
shock troops. All the important operations are executed by the assault company of 
the division. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1. The 6th Bavarian Landwehr Division occupied the sector extending from south 
of Le Bonhomme to just west of Muenster, all through the year, being still in line 
when the armistice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division is a fourth-class one, being used only to hold one of the calmest sectors 
on the western front. All the young men were taken away from the division (except 
those in machine-gun and assault companies) and exchanged for older ones. In 
October the father of six children was captured. Morale was low, discipline poor. 
Several prisoners stated that the men did not hesitate to say, even in front of their 
officers, that the war had been lost by Germany and that they were thoroughly sick 
of it. 



144 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlsr AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

6th. Cavalry Division (Dismounted). 

COMPOSITION. 





1918 




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HISTORY. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1. The division held the Badonviller sector until the last of April, when it was 
relieved by the 21st Landwehr Division. It rested at Mulhausen until July. At 
this time it was reorganized as a division of nine dismounted cavalry regiments. 

Ypres. 

2. On July 1 it entrained at Sierenz and traveled via Saarburg-Eupen-Liege-Brus- 
eels-Courtrai to Ingelmunster, where it detrained on July 3. The division then went 
into rest billets in the Iseghem-Winkel St. Eloi and Lendelede area, and on the night 
of July 27-28 it relieved the 1st Landwehr Division east of Ypres. 

Cambrai. 

3. It was relieved in Flanders and railed via Cambrai to Fins, where it detrained 
August 31. On September 4 it was in line at Manancourt and Nurlun. It was en- 
gaged in heavy fighting until September 25, when it was withdrawn from the battle 
front southwest of Cambrai after losing 400 prisoners. 

Belgium. 

4. It reinforced the Ypres battle front at Ledeghem on October 1 and fought there 
for about one week. It rested out of line a week and returned on October 15 to line 
east of Gulleghem. Two weeks later it was withdrawn in the Waereghem area. 

5. On November 3 the division was again in line at Hermelgem. It was withdrawn 
within a few days and on the day of the armistice it was considered to be in reserve 
of the 4th German Army. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division Avas rated as fourth class. Its use in the active Ypres and Cambrai 
fronts indicates that it should have been rated higher after its reorganization in the 
summer. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 145 

















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146 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Fourth District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1914. 

The Seventh Division was recruited in the Province of Prussian Saxony and, with 
the 8th Division, belonged to the 4th Army Corps (Magdeburg). 
Marne. 

1. The 14th Brigade, which had already obtained reservists July 30, entrained on 
the evening of August 2 and was one of the six brigades ordered to take Liege. The 
whole division moved into the region of Liege August 15. It belonged to the 1st 
Army (Von Kluck), and passed through Louvain August 18 and through Brussels the 
20th. On the 23d it was en the Haine, west of St. Ghislain. On the 24th between 
Quievrain and Audregnies it threatened to envelop the Allied left. Going through 
Le Cateau and Peronne on August 28, the division passed through Grand Morin and 
arrived at Choisy, southeast of Coulommiers, from where it was sent in all haste to 
the aid of the right wing of the 1st Army (Etavigny, etc.). 

Belgium. 

2. After the retreat it went to the north of the Aisne below Soissons until the last 
days of September (fights at Cuisy en Almont, Morsain, Nouvron, Fontenoy). 

3. At the end of September it was attached to the 6th Army (Crown Prince of 
Bavaria) and sent to Artois. 

Aetois. 

4. At the beginning of October it fought south of Arras (Monchy aux Bois, Pansart, 
Wailly). It established itself south of the Scarpe. 

5. It held the sector until the end of May, 1915. During this period it limited 
itself to organizing defensively. 

1915. 

1. In March the division was reduced to three regiments by the transfer of the 66th 
Infantry to the 52d Division (new). 

2. In May, 1915, at the time of the French offensive in Artois some units of the 
division were sent as reinforcements to the region of Neuville-St. Vaast. It left some 
prisoners and suffered heavy losses on May 12 to 13. 

Artois. 

3. June 12 the division left the sector south of the Scarpe and went into line the 
13th between Lorette and Angres (from the Souchez-Aix Noulette Road to the Blanc 
work). The French offensive struck it June 13 and the days following north of the 
road from .Souchez to Aix Noulette. It "W"as forced to give ground and lost many 
prisoners (250 men, among them 6 officers from the 26th Infantry north of Bois Carre; 
the 2d Battalion of the 26th Infantry lost 12 officers and 597 men out of action, accord- 
ing to the Prussian casualty lists) . 

4. At the beginning of July the division established itself south of the railroad from 
Grenay to Lens, north of Souchez. September 25 it fought in the third battle of 
Artois, north of Bois en Hache, before Angres and Lievin. It showed considerable 
energy, but again had many of its men captured. 

5. The division remained in this sector southwest of Loos (south of the Lens- 
Bethune Road; Lens-Grenay Railroad) until July, 1916. 

1916. 

1. Until the beginning of July, 1916, the division had no serious l^attles. 

2. About July 3 the division was relieved from the Loos front. On the 13tA it 
Was at Cambrai. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 147 

SOMME. 

3. July 14 and 15 it began to be engaged in the battle of the Somme between Pozieres 
and Bazen tin le Petit. It suffered terrible losses. Relieved May 28. 

Artois. 

4. After a rest in the region of Valenciennes it went into line east of Arras August 9 
and stayed there until September 17. At this time it transferred its 27th Infantry to 
the 211th Division and took in exchange the 393d Infantry, composed of levies from, 
the regiments of the 7th, 8th, and 12th Divisions, 50th Reserve Division and 38th 
Landwehr Brigade. 

Somme. 

6. About September 18 it again took part in the battle of the Somme in the sector of 
Courcelette. It fought bravely and again suffered heavily. 

Artois. 

6. Withdrawn from the Somme about October 2 and went into the sector southeast 
of Loos October 5. Again withdrawn from this sector November 10 it went almost 
immediately into the line south of the La Bassee Canal and stayed there until May 28, 
1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. During the winter of 1916-17 the division had no big battles, but suffered from 
raids executed by the British troops. 

Flanders. 

2. May 28 it Was withdrawn from the La Bassee front and sent to the region of 
Ypres (sector of Hollebeke-Wytschaete) June 8 to 19. 

Alsace. 

3. At the beginning of July it was sent to Alsace to the vicinity of Mulhouse Where 
it rested. 

4. July 27 to' 28 it entrained again for Artois via Mulhouse-Strassbourg-Sarregue- 
mines-Metz-Thionvil le-S edan-Hirson-Val enciennes-St . Amand . 

Artois. 

5. After a few days' rest in the region of St. Amand and Orchies July 28 to August 3, 
it went into the lines north of Lens (Loos sector) where it lost heavily from August 9 
to the beginning of September. 

Belgium. 

6. Relieved then and sent to rest at Pont a Marcq, it went back into the line 
between the La Bassee Canal and Hulluch September 21. Withdrawn from this 
sector during October and sent to the region of Ypres where it held a front on October 
29 between Becelaere and Gheluvelt. It Was still identified there January 29, 1918. 

recruiting. 

Province of Magdeburg (Prussian Saxony) and part of Thuringia. The 393d 
Infantry gets replacements from the depot of the 153d Infantry (Altenburg). Its 
resources from these replacements are as a rule sufficient and the Fourth District has 
even furnished recruits to the regiments of the Fourteenth. In exchange when it has 
relatively few replacements it has been helped out by Polish drafts from Silesia 
(Sixth District). 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved on February 4 and rested in the Eecloo area, partici- 
pating in a large-scal-e maneuver. 

2. It returned to line in the Becelaere sector on March 3, relieving the 8th Bava- 
rian Reserve Division. It was withdrawn March 26. 



148 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Battle of the Lys. 

3. It fought near Hollebeke, Messines, Wytschaete, between April 9 and May 1. 
It took part in the attack on the Ypres-Cominea Canal on April 25. 

4. During May it Was at rest in Belgium near Deyuze (Cruyhautern). It entrained 
for Nesle about June 8, moving through Audenarde, Coutrai, Lille, Douai, Cambrai, 
and Ham. It marched to the front, southeast of Montdidier by Roye and Tilloloy 
June 9-11. 

5. It was in line near Ressons-Marqueglise from June 14 to 24. 

6. The division rested south of St. Quentin June 26 to 29, then at Origny June 30 
to July 4. It entrained at Origny on July 4 and moved to Sedan by Guise, Hirson, 
Liart, and Charleville. It was north of Grandpre from July 5 to 10. On the 10th 
it was sent toward the Champagne front by Grandpre, Monthois, and Maure. 
Battle of Rheims. 

7. The division was engaged at Repon, east of Tahure, on July 15. Heavy losses 
were incurred during the attack of July 15. It Was taken out on August 15. 

AlLETTE. 

8. It was moved by railroad to Chauny (by Laon) and detrained about August 20. 
About this time a dozen men per company were received. 

9. On August 26-27 it entered line south of Juvigny (north of Soissons). In the 
fighting that followed the division was withdrawn to Leuilly on the night of August 
31-Sept 1. It was relieved on the 3d after losing 605 prisoners. The German com- 
munique of August 30 credited the 165th Regiment with the destruction of 20 tanks 
in one attack. 

Battle of the Argonne. 

10. The division rested near Attigny until September 24, when it reinforced the 
Somme-Py front. It Was engaged until October 22 with very heavy losses. It 
returned from the second line two days later to assist in covering the retreat between 
La Neuville en Tourne a Fuy and Juniville. From there it fell back on the Aisne 
(Ambly) and was retired on October 14. 

VALUE 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as first class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 149 

























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150 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Fourth District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1914. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 7th Reserve Division was part of the 4th Reserve 
Corps. 

Belgium. 

2. It detrained August 10 to 12, 1914, near Dusseldorf, and was part of the 1st Army 
(Von Kluck). Reached Brussels via Tongres (Aug. 19) and Louvain, and advanced 
toward Paris through Enghien, Ath, Conde, Amiens (Aug. 30-31), Clermont, Creil, and 
Senlis (Sept. 4). 

Marne. 

3. At the battle of the Marne it was engaged northwest of Crouy sur Ourcq (Puisieux, 
Neufmoutiers, Monthyon) and suffered heavy losses, September 6 and 7. 

4. From September 8 to 11 it withdrew through Villers Cotterets, Coeuvres, Port 
Fontenoy. It fought for a long time in the region of Nouvron. 

AlSNE. 

5. After the front was stabilized it held the lines between the Soissons-Laon Road to 
southwest of Nouvron. 

6. November 12 it had considerable losses at the attack of the Plateau of Nouvron. 

1915. 

1. The division held the Nouvron sector until September, 1915. 

2. In January, ]915, some of the units of the division were engaged in the fights 
around Soissons, January 12 and 13. 

3. In June several battalions were sent toward Quennevieres as reinforcements at 
the beginning of the French attack. 

Champagne. 

4. Relieved about September 22 to 25, the division was sent to Champagne at the 
beginning of .October. Suffered heavy losses in the region of Tahure October 30. 

1916. 

1. Withdrawn at the end of January, 1916, from the sector of Tahure. It was sent to 
rest north of Rethel. It went back into line only for a short time toward the end of 
February north of Prosnes (the 36th Reserve Regiment alone appeared in this sector). 

2. About May 10 the division was sent to the camp of Sissonne. 
Verdun. 

3. It was sent to the Verdun front and took part in the attack of June 1 on Thiau- 
mont-Damploup in the sector of Bois de la Caillette. Suffered very heavy losses June 
2 and 3 and at the attack of Bois de Vaux Chapitre on June 21. Total of losses before 
Verdun, 8,200 men. On June 16 the companies of the 36th Reserve were reduced to 
an average of 30 men (prisoners' statements). From June 1 to 5 the 10th Company of 
the 72d Reserves received no less than 138 replacements. 

Argonne. 

4. The division was withdrawn from the Verdun front about July 1. Sent to the • 
Argonne and occupied the sector north of Ville sur Tourbe (between Main de Massiges 
and the Aisne) until the end of August. It was reorganized in this region. 

Somme. 

5. After a rest in the vicinity of Longwy it was sent to the Somme and fought in 
the region of Gueudecourt September 23 to October 11. 



Divisions of German arMy Which participated iit war. 151 

Argonne. 

6. About October 14 the division took over its old sector north of Ville sur Tourbe, 
south of Cernay en Dormois. 

1917. 

Meusb. 

1. Withdrawn from the Argonne front about January 8, 1917, and sent, February 5, 
before Verdun (region of Louvemont, north of Chambrettes) , where it was kept until 
the beginning of April. 

2. The division next held the sector of Cernay les Reims at the end of April to 
May 25. 

Champagne. 

3. About May 30 and 31 it was sent into line before Teton (region of Moronvilliers) 
until the middle of August. 

4. After a rest in the vicinity of Aussonce the division went into line at the begin- 
ning of September in the region of Nauroy, sector of Mont Haut-Cornillet. Relieved 
January, 1918, and sent to rest north of Rethel. 

RECRUITING. 

Prussian Saxony and part of Thuringia. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

At Tahure in October, 1915, and at Verdun the division obtained only mediocre 
results in spite of heavy losses. "This division seems to be rather a sector division 
than a shock unit." 

1918. 
Rethel. 

1. On January 14 the division was relieved by the 14th Bavarian Division and 
went to Wassigny (north of Rethel) to rest and train. On March 14 it started by night 
marches toward St. Quentin, bivouacking in the woods by day and avoiding all 
villages. The itinerary followed was Dezy le Gros-Bucy les Pierrepont-Marle- 
Origny et Mesnil-St. Laurent, where it arrived March 21. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. From the 22d to the 28th the division was in army reserve. It followed the 
general advance through Itancourt, Essigny, Grand Serancourt, St. Simon, Golan- 
court, Muirancourt, and Candor. On March 29 it relieved the 1st Bavarian Division 
west of Lassigny, where it attacked on the day following. It suffered such heavy 
losses that it was hastily relieved on the night of March 31- April 1. 

AlSNE. 

3. It came into line near Reims on April 26 relieving the 25th Reserve Division 
between the Miettl and the Aisne. It took part in the offensive of May 27. About 
June 1 the division was relieved in the sector east of Ville en Tardenois. 
Champagne. 

4. The division moved to Champagne and relieved the Guard Cavalry Division on 
July 6. It passed into the second line on July 14 to permit a fresh division to pass 
through for the attack. It returned to line on the 20th, relieving the 1st Division 
near St. Hilaire. During July the 66th Reserve Regiment is known to have received 
drafts, raising the company strength to 100. 

SOISSONS. 

5. Between August 4 and 20 the exact date is not known, the division was moved 
from line in Champagne to the front west of Chavigny, where it was engaged on August 
24. It took part in heavy fighting in that region until its relief about August 31. 



152 Divisioisrs OF German army which participated in war. 

6. The division arrived at Fourmies from Laon on September 8, where it rested 
and trained until September 17. It entrained at Trelon and moved to Grandpre, 
from where it marched to the front by way of St. Juvin and BrieuUes. 
Meuse-Augonne . 

7. The division was in line on the day of the American attack September 26, holding 
the sector immediately west of the Meuse. It was swamped on the opening attack 
without offering any considerable resistance. It was withdrawn on the 28th, but on 
October 9 elements were returned to fill a gap in the former sector of the 1st A. H. 
division. The last elements were finally withdrawn about October 25. The losses 
of the division in the Argonne are estimated at 3,500, including 2,260 prisoners. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. Its efforts in 1918 were generally 
unsuccessful in spite of heavy losses. By the time of the armistice it had been almost 
annihilated. 



MVISIOiSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 153 











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154 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(Thirteenth. District — ^Wurtemberg.) 

1914. 

Alsace. 

1. The 7th Landwehr Division did not leave Alsace from its organization in 1915 
until February, 1917. Its first units appeared there beginning Aug-ust 9, 1914, the 
date of the detraining of the 121st Landwehr at Neuf Brisach. The 119th Landwehr 
fought south of Mulhouse beginning August 19, and the 40th Landwehr at Dornach 
near Mulhouse on the same day. 

2. In October, 1917, the 52d and 55th Brigades, which were to compose in 1915 
the 7th Landwehr Division, were part of the Gaede Army Group and occupied the 
region of Munster, Guebwiller, Cernay. 

3. In December the 123d Landwehr took part in the attacks on Hartmannswiller- 
kopf. 

1915. 
Alsace. 

1. In March, 1915, the 52d Brigade was in line in the valleys of the Fecht and the 
Lauch. The 119th Landwehr was south of Cernay. In April the 40th Latndwehr 
(Baden) left the division and was transferred for some time to the 6th Landwehr 
Division (Bavarian). 

2. The 7th Landwehr Division then contained the 119th, 121st and 123d Landwehr, 
to which a fourth regiment was joined, the 126th Landwehr, formed by drafts from 
the three others. The division, ' from then on exclusively Wui'temberger, from that 
time held the sector Wattwiller-Rhone-Rhine Canal (Cernay-Altkirch). 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1. Cernay-Altkirch sector. 

1917. 

Alsace-Lorraine. 

1. The division remained on the Mulhouse front (Cernay-Altkirch) until February 
20, 1917. Relieved on that date and sent to Lorraine (Leintrey-Badonviller sector), 
where it replaced the 33d Reserve Division. It was at this time that the division 
Was decreased to three regiments; its 119th Landwehr and 123d Landwehr were trans- 
ferred to the 26th Landwehr Division and it obtained the 122d Reserves from the 
54th Reserve Division. 

Russia-Volhynia. 

2. The division left the Lorraine front in the middle of May. Entrained beginning 
May 14 at Sarreboiug and sent to the Eastern Front via Nmnberg -Warsaw-Lublin- 
Kovel-Vladimir Volynski. It took over the Kisselin sector (Volhynia). 

. RECRUITING. 

From April, 1915 on, the division was entirely composed from men from Wurtem- 
berg. 

VALUE- — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

A mediocre division, much reduced by transferring its most energetic units to 
active regiments and Wurtemberg reserve regiments and receiving in exchange older 
men. 

1918. 

Ukraine. 

1. In February, 1918, the 7th Landwehr Division left the Kisselin region and 
advanced into the Ukraine. "We are going into Russia to succor the Ukrainians," 
wrote a man of the 122d Reserve Regiment from the Rovno region on February 26. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 155 

On April 1, the 126th Landwehr Regiment was identified between Kiev and Odessa; 
along with the 122d Reserve Regiment it was identified near Odessa on the 9th. 

2. On May 11 the division was identified south of Ekaterinoslav and on the 4th of 
July at Rostov on the Don. 

3. The division was reported to have been sent to the Danube front about the middle 
of October, but it was never actually identified there. 

VALtTK 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



156 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAK. 

Tth Cavalry Division (Dismounted). 

COMPOSITION. 



Cavalry... 



1918 




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15 Uhlan. 
4 Res. Uhlan. 
9Hus. 
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25 Drag. 

26 Drag. 

6 Cuirassier. 
4 Uhlan. 



Engineers and Liaisons. 



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6 Cav. Pion. Detch. 
312 T. M. Co. 
186 "Wireless Detch. 



Medical and Veterinary. 



606 Ambulance Co. 



Odd Units. 



10 M. G. S. S. Detch. (1, 2, and 3 Cos.). 



Attached. 



5 F. A. Rgt. (10 and 11 Btries.). 



HISTORY. 
1918. 

1. The division held the Guebwiller (Alsace) sector until the end of May. It 
rested in the Saarebonrg area until mid-July, when it was railed to Belgium (Courtrai 
area). 

2. After resting near Cointrai for two weeks, the division entrained at Lauwe on 
August 13 for Armentieres, where it remained until August 23. It went into line in 
the Kemmel area for three days. The division was then railed back to Tourcoing, 
from where it was transferred by trucks to Lagnicourt on Augiist 26 and came into 
line on the following day at Ecoust. 

AbRAS-C AMBRAI . 

3. In two weeks the division was heavily engaged in the Arras battle. It was re- 
lieved on September 9, after losing more than 700 prisoners. The division rested in 
the Cambrai area until September 22, when it relieved the 1st Guard Reserve Divi- 
sion north of Moeuvres. It was withdrawn on September 30. 

Belgium. 

4. The division entrained at Solesmes on October 5 and detrained at Mouscron. 
It remained here until October 14, when it moved to Deerlyck, and on the 17th 
elements counterattacked between Comtrai and Harlebeke. It was engaged until 
its relief on October 29 by the 49th Reserve Division northwest of Anseghem. The 
division was considered to be in reserve of the 10th German Army at the time of the 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. Its use on the Cambrai and Belgium fronts 
in September and October indicate that it might have been considered a third-class 
division after its reorganization. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 157 






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158 Divisioisrs of geeman aemy which pakticipated in wae. 

HISTORY. 
(Foiirtli District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1914. 

France. 

1. With the 7th Division, the 8th Division formed the 4th Army Corps. It detrained 
August 10 to 12 near Dusseldorf and, with that corps, was part of the 1st Army (Von 
Kluck). Entered Belgium the 15th, passed through Louvain the 19th, and through 
Brussels the 20th, and executed with the 7th Division an enveloping movement on 
the left of the Allies. Fought at Solesmes the 26th and arrived east of Coulommiers 
September 6, from where it was sent in a great hurry to the right of the 1st Army, 
with the 7th Division (Lizy sur Ourcq-Plessis, Placy, etc.). September 8 the 11th 
Company of the 93d Infantry was reduced to 96 men (notebook). 

2. After the retreat, beginning the 15th, it was engaged against the left wing of the 
British north of Soissons (battle of the Aisne, Cuffies, Chavigny, Pasly, etc.). 

3. At the end of September it went with the 4th Army Corps to Artoia with the 
6th Army. 

4. At the beginning of October it took part in the attacks south of Arras and held 
the lines near Monchy aux Bois. 

1915. 

1. The division held the Monchy sector during the first few months of 1915. At 
the end of May it was relieved from this sector and put in the reserve of the army 
near Douai after transferring the 36th Fusiliers to the 113th Division, newly formed 
(March). 

2. Diuring the first two weeks of June it went into line in the Souchez sector and 
opposed the French attacks. Relieved at the beginning of Septejnber and became 
army reserve near Tourcoing and Roubaix. 

Loos. 

3. At the battle of Loos during the counterattack the division suffered heavy losses 
in September and October. 

1916. 

1. In 1916 until the battle of the Somme the division did not take part in any 
serious engagements. It was established in the Loos sector. July 3 it left this front 
for the Somme. 

Somme. 

2. In the middle of July it went into battle on the Pozieres-Longueval-Bois Del- 
ville front and suffered very heavy losses. 

3. Toward the end of July it Was relieved and sent to rest in the region of Valen- 
ciennes. 

4. August 9 it took over a quiet sector before Arras and stayed there about five 
Weeks. 

5. About September 18 it again went into the battle of the Somme. It held the 
Thiepval-Courcelette sector, where it had some hard fighting, which caused it heavy 
losses. 

Artois. 

6. October 1 it left thia sector to again hold the trenches northeast of Loos. 

1917. 

1. During the winter of 1916-17 the division had no heavy fighting. However, in 
April, May, and June it had serious losses due to the many raids executed by the 
British. 

2. Toward the end of July and the beginning of August the division suffered con- 
siderably from artillery fire. It was relieved before the attack of the British before 
Lens. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 159 

Champagne. 

3. Aiigust 5 it entrained for Rethel. Rested for some time in the region of Semide, 
then held the sector west of Butte du Mesnil from Augiist 15 to September 15. 

Belgium. 

4. About September 18 it was sent in the region of Bouziers and October 4 went 
into line west of Becelaere (Belgimn), and shortly afterwards, October 9, south of 
HoUebeke. It was still there January 20, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Province of Prussian Saxony, Duchy of Anhalt, and part of Thuringia. Same 
remarks as for the 7th Division. The fluctuations in the resources of the region are 
evidenced by the following facts: On November 4, 1917, a man came to the 5th Com- 
pany of the 93d Infantry who was born in 1898 in the Eighth District, was a farmer, 
and had been called up September 8, having had just two months of training. He 
was sent by a depot in Cologne. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Since the battles of 1914 the division remained entirely on the offensive. It always 
defended itself well in attacks and held its positions with tenacity. 

During its stay on the ChampagTie it did not show any activity, but also it had no 
desertions. It may be said that its morale is good. (September, 1917). 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved by the 17th Reserve Division in the Hollebeke sector 
about January 31. It rested and trained near Coutrai during February and until 
March 7. 

2. On March 7 it was engaged west of Zandvoorde, where it was in line until April 11. 

Battle op the Lys. 

3. The division came into the battle line West of Merville on April 11, which town 
it captured. About the 23d it passed to the second line. 

4. The division rested for two weeks at Canteleu (a suburb of Lille). It returned 
to a rest camp north of Kemmel about May 12th. 

Ypres. 

5. It was engaged south of Ypres from May 15 until the 1st of July in the sector, 
with division headquarters at Halluin. 

6. The division rested near Coutrai dming July, from where it returned to its former 
sector south of Ypres on July 26 and was in line until the night of September 17-18. 

Le Catelet. 

7. It was moved south to relieve the Alpine Corps at Vendhuile, where it came 
in on September 23. In the fighting the division was driven back by Aubencheul- 
Villers Cutreaux on Maretz-Clary early in October. After suffering heavy casaulties 
and losing over 400 prisoners, it was withdrawn on October 14. 

8. The division rested in the Guise area until October 22. 

9. It was reengaged north of Le Cateau on October 22-23, but withdrew about 
November 1. On the 5th it was identified in line north of Maulde, where it remained 
until the end. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was regarded as a first-class division. A majority of its men came from 
the younger classes. Its effectives were high and the morale good. Apart from the 
Armentieres offensive in April, the division was on the defensive during 1918. 



160 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 





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DIVISION'S OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. 161 

HISTORY. 

(Fourteentli District — Grand Duchy of Baden.) 

1915. 

The 8th Landwehr Division was formed Februaiy, 1915, from Baden troops, which 
entered Alsace at the beginning of the campaign (the 110th Landwehr detrained 
Aug. 11, 1914, at Neuenburg near MuUheim and the 109th Landwehr on the same 
date), and the 109th Landsturm organized at the beginning of 1915 from five Baden 
Landsturm battalions. 

Alsace. 

The division held the same sector between Altkirch and the Swiss Frontier from 
its formation until January, 1917. 

1916. 

1. In February, 1916, the 109th Landwehr and the 110th Landwehr, which had 
up to that time remained on the defensive, took part in the attacks between Seppois 
and Largitzen and against the Scoonholz, northwest of Altkirch. They executed 
many raids during 1916. 

2. The 109th Landsturm, which was in line at one end of the front, was broken 
up in May, 1916, and replaced in the division by the 111th Landwehi-, newly formed, 
consisting in reality of three Landsturm battalions already stationed in Alsace, of 
which two were part of the 109th Landsturm (XIV 23 and XIV 25). 

Cotes de Meuse. 

About January 23, 1917, the division was withdrawn from the Alsace front and 
sent to the Cotes de Meuse, where it took over the sector west of Fresnes en Woevre. 
April 15 the division moved toward the north and held the lines to the Etain- Verdun 
road. 

reckuiting. 

Entirely from Baden. 

_ value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was a defense division (May, 1918). Each company had one shock- 
troop squad per platoon (prisoners' statements Dec. 8, 191 7) . 

Like the 2d and 7th Landwehr Divisions, but to a smaller degree, the 8th Landwehr 
Di\'ision had some of its men transferred to actiA^e units; thus, in November, 1917, it 
transferred some men to 121st Division, then near it. 

1918. 

The division continued in the Woevre sector during 1918. Through failure to 
identify it, it was considered as out of line September 21 and September 25. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

It was rated as a fourth-class division. Its losses apart from the St. Mihiel attack 
were negligible. In the attack it did fairly well, without heavy loss. The morale 
was fair. 

125651°— 20 11 



162 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 































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164 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(19tli Bavarian. Reserve: First Bavarian District. 22d Bavarian Reserve: fSecona 
Bavarian District. 23d Bavarian Reserve: Third Bavarian District.) 

1915. 

Alsace. 

1. The division was organized in January, 1915 (second series of new reserve 
divisions) and was identified on the front for the first time at the beginning of Feb- 
ruary, 1915, in the valley of the Lauch and at Hartmannswillerkopf. It fought at 
the end of February in the region of Munster-Metzeral-Sultzeren. On the 24th it 
took part in the attack of Reichackerkopf and lost heavily. 

2. Since that time and until May the division remained in the same sector of Alsace. 

Galicia. 

3. Relieved at the end of May and sent to Galicia, where it became part of the 11th 
Army and cooperated in the capture of Przemsl June 3. 

Alsace. 

4. Returned to the Western Front at the beginning of July and went to rest in the 
region of Schelestadt (Alsace); then went into line again about July 14 in the valley 
of the Fecht (Reichackerkopf-Metzeral). It repulsed an attack of the French July 
20 at Reichackerkopf. 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1. The division remained in Alsace, sector of Metzeral-Sondernach, for a year from 
July, 1915, to July, 1916. During this period it did not take part in any action. 

SOMME. 

2. About July 10, 1916, it entrained at Mulhouse, Colmar, and Pfaffenheim, south 
of Colmar, and went to the Somme, south of P6ronne, and was in reserve imtil July 20. 
July 21 and 22 it was engaged between Maurepas and Guillemont (the 23d Bavarian 
Reserve was detached and went to the east of Estrees). 

3. Relieved August 15 after suffering heavy losses diu-ing the attacks of July 30 
and August 12. Reorganized in the region of St. Quentin, then went back into line 
for a short time west of Roye at the beginning of September. 

4. Withdrawn from the region of Roye in the middle of September and sent to 
the Romnanian front October 13 to 23, via Mons-Maubeuge-Namur-Liege-Aixla 
Chapelle-Cologne-Cassel-Halle-Leipzig-Prague-Brunn-Budapest-Arad. 

1917. 
Roumania. 

5. Took part in the operations on the frontier of Transylvania in the region of the 
Oltu in October to November and in the valley of the Trotus in December. 

Galicu.. 

2. In July it left Roumania and went to Galicia. At the end of July it was in the 
region of Nowitza. August 27 it fought at Bojan. In September it was at Czerno- 
witz and went to rest near Radautz in Bukowina beginning September 6. After 
being reviewed by the Emperor September 27 it was filled up again (men of the 1918 
class with less than four months' training were sent to the 22d Reserve Infantry) 
and sent to the Western Front. 

Belgium. 

3. It entrained October 15 at Kolomea. Itinerary: Stanislau-Lemberg-Cracow- 
Leipzig-Northeim-Paderborn-Aix la Ghapelle - Liege - Louvain - Malines- Brussels- 
Bruges, and detrained at Thourout October 23. 

4. October 26 the division took over the Aschhoop sector near Dixmude. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN. ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 165 

RECRUITING. 

It seems to come from all over Bavaria. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division had no serious fighting from August, 1916, on. Its losses on the Eastern 
Front were few. It was trained especially for mountain warfare, and they carried 
on this sort of warfare for a long time in Alsace, Galicia, and Roumania. 

1918. 

1. On January 24 the division was relieved at Dixmude and sent to Ghent for 
rest. From there it was transferred to Courtrai. 

Belgium. 

2. It relieved the 7th Division in the Becelaere sector on February 4, a quiet part 
at that time, and remained until March 7, when it was in turn relieved by the 7th 
Division. 

Battle of the Lys. 

3. It rested at Ostend until the Lys battle began, when it returned to attack on 
April 9 in the Estaires sector, which was defended by Portuguese. It advanced 
toward Calonne sur Lys, where it was withdrawn about April 14. The losses were 50 
per cent of the effectives in this fighting. 

Woevre. 

4. Upon relief the division entrained on April 20 at Roubaix and moved to Conflans. 
On May 11 it relieved the 78th Reserve Division north of Seicheprey. It was in 
line in this sector until June 27. A draft of 300 men were received late in June. 

Champagne. 

5. The division rested at Conflans until July 4. It was then moved to Wassigny 
(north of Rethel) on the 5th. It marched toward the front by Herpy and St. Remy 
July 8 to 14. It was in reserve on July 15 east of Reims, in support of the 15th Bavarian 
Division. The division was^not actively engaged in this offensive. 

6. Withdrawn from Champagne, the division marched toward the front south of 
the Vesle by Warnerville, Soivre, and Jonchery, Vendeuil. 

Vesle. 

7. It was engaged west of Reims (St. Euphraise, Vrigny) between July 22 and 
August 8. 

8. About August 22 the division arrived in the area northeast of Ath from the Aisne 
front to refit and train. 

Ardennes. 

9. It was engaged west of La Pompelle on September 20, retreating to the Suippe, 
south of Bazancourt, about October 1, then toward Chateau Porcien and Faizy. It 
was relieved about October 15. 

10. It rested for 10 days at Son and St. Fergeux, receiving 150 to 200 men per regi- 
ment as drafts. 

11. On the 25th the division returned to line in the Chateau Porcien sector. It 
retired in November by Son, Chappes, Dommely, and La Romagn, where it was last 
identified on November 7. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a first-class division, though it was considered as a shade 
under the class of the best divisions. It fought hard on the Lys, losing but 1 prisoner. 
It was not used later as an attack division. The morale was good. 



166 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 

8tli Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 





1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 




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40 Cav. 
38 Cav. 


Guard Reiter. 
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1 At the time of its dissolution, April, 1918. 

HISTORY. 

1918. 

The division continued on the Eastern Front, employed in small police detach- 
ments, until about April 1, when it was dissolved. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE 

The division was rated as a fourth-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 167 











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168 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(Fifth District — Lower Silesia,) 

1914. 

Cotes de Meuse. 

1. The 9th Division with the 10th Division, formed the 5th Army Corps (Posen), and 
at the beginning of the war was part of the 5th Army (German Crown Prince). De- 
trained August 9 to 10 in annexed Lorraine, near Bouzonville, and fought August 22 
at Virton. After a number of marches and countermarches in Woevre, it established 
itself during the frst days of September with the 10th Division in a sector of Cotes 
de Meuse (Calonne trench). It remained there about two years from September, 
1914, to September, 1916, with rest billets in the villages of the "Woevre at the foot of 
the hills (Thillot, Woel, Hannonville, etc.). 

1915. 
Les Eparges. 

1. In the spring of 1915 it took part in the battles of Les Eparges where it suffered 
heavily. In March it transferred its 58th Infantry to the 119th Division, newly 
formed, which was operating in Galicia beginning with April. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. At the beginning of September, 1916, the division was withdrawn from the sector 
of Calonne trench and relieved the 14th Bavarian Division in the woods of Vaux 
Chapitre (Verdun). In this last sector it suffered huge losses. October 24, 1916, it 
lost 700 men captured. 

2. Relieved at the beginning of November and reorganized with men of all ages 
from depots of the Fifth District. 

3. November 4 it entrained behind Douaumont; was sent to the Aisne and put in 
the line November 8 in the sector of Nouvron, where it remained until the middle of 
February, 1917. 

1917. 

Cotes de Meuse. 

1. Entrained at Laon during the last two weeks of February, 1917, and sent to 
Vigneulles, via Charleville-Conflans-Chambley; and again went into the sector of 
Calonne trench between February 18 and the end of April. 

Californie Plateau. 

2. Relieved at the end of April and sent from Mars la Tour-Vigneulles (Ada Con- 
flans-Sedan-Liart) to the region of Rozoy sur Serre. After a few days' rest in the 
vicinity of Sissonne it was engaged beginning May 6 in the attacks on the plateaus of 
Vauclerc and Californie, where some of its regiments suffered heavy losses, especially 
on the Winterberg. 

3. Beginning May 18 the division did not attack any more but merely held the 
sector (Calif ornie-Chevreux les Com-tines). However, our attack of May 22 to 24 
caused it heavy losses. 

4. At the end of May the 9th Division was replaced by the 41st Division. It 
received reinforcements. (The 19th Infantry received 200 men June 14. About 
May 25, 60 men of the 1918 class were sent to the 6th Company of this regiment.) 
From May 13 to June 13 the 10th Company of the 154th Infantry received 68 men at 
least, most of them of the 1918 class. 

5. About June 17-18 the division appeared in the sector of Juvincourt, where it 
attacked on the night of August 4-5 without success. Relieved about September 8 
without having losses in this last sector. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 169 

Chemins des Dames. 

6. During September it was sent to rest in the region of Pierrepont-Missy-Liesse. 
Engaged in the sector of Bovettea-Pargny-Filain from October 23 to 27 and with- 
drawn from this front at the beginning of November after some of its regiments had 
suffered heavy losses during the battle of October 23 to 25. 

7. About the middle of November the division went to the sector of Chevregny, 
after a rest of about two weeks in the region of Laon, during which it was filled up 
again. It held this sector until the beginning of December. December 8 it was in 
the vicinity of Laon. January 11, 1918, some of the units were at I.iesee. 

RECRUITING. 

The division (Fifth District) was recruited in Lower Silesia, where the German 
population is much more numerous than the Polish population.^ Although it received 
men from the Second and Thii'd Districts in 1913 and men from the Seventh District 
in 1916, it could without great difficulty get all its men from its original territory. Its 
replacements come almost entirely from Lower Silesia, and in emergency from Silesia. 
It is more homogeneous than the 10th Division, where the Polish elements have to 
be balanced off by Germans. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Among the various German units which were engaged in front of Verdun and at 
Californie Plateau, the 9th Division was one of those which showed the least resistance. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved on the Ohemin dea Dames front on December 29 and 
went to rest and train in the Guise area until the middle of March, when it proceeded 
to the battle front. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. It was at Marcyon March 20. On the 21st it followed up the attack without being 
engaged through Happencourt, Artemps, Tugny, Dury, Pithon, Ham, and Nesle 
(Mar. 25). It was engaged on the 26th near Roye and advanced by Montdidier to 
west of MesnU-St. Georges March 27-28. Its attack of March 30 on Ayencourt- 
Royancourt met with heavy losses. 

Montdidier. 

3. The division was withdrawn on April 1 for a short rest, during which it received 
a draft of 400 men. It returned to line southwest of Montdidier and was in line from 
April 5 to 8. 

4. Until the 18th it was in reserve near La Boissiere and later near Nesle until 
April 24. 

5. It rested near Hirson and Vervins during May, again receiving drafts to the num- 
ber of 300 men. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

6. On May 20 it marched by night stages to the Aisne front, passing through Froid- 
mont, Verneuil sur Serre, and Bruyeres. On the opening day it advanced in reserve 
by Presles, Monampteuil, and Pargny FUain. It was engaged on the 28th at Sancy- 
Vregny and advanced in the first line south of Soissons, Venizel, Missy sur Aisne, 
Courmelles, Noyant, Chazelle, and Poisy (May 30). Its losses in front of Chazelle 
were particularly heavy. It was relieved on June 8. An official German document 
gives the division losses between May 28 and June 2 as 96 officers and 2,830 men. 

7. It rested in the vicinity of Rethel and Novion-Porcien (June 15 to July 7) and 
reconstituted by drafts. It moved toward the Aisne front on July 10, going into 
reserve northeast of Rheims for a week. Alerted on the 17th it moved to Oulchy le 
Chateau. 



170 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAK. 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

8. The division was engaged near Hartennes and Varcy from July 20 to August 2. 
It was driven back on Fismes on that date and relieved the next day. 

9. In August it rested and trained near Vailly and in the vicinity of Laon. After 
the 24th it was north of Rheims. 

Champagne. 

10. The division was engaged east of La Pompelle from September 20 to the begin- 
ning of October. On the 3d it was forced back on Isles Bazancourt, and later to 
NanteuU sur Aisne. On October 17 it was relieved. 

11. Two days later it was entrained for Flanders, but at Mons directed toward 
Avesnes and La Capelle. 

12. Its last engagement was north of Guise from October 21 to November 4; then 
near Novin and Avesnes. 1,800 prisoners were taken on November 4. 

VAXUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a first-class division. Its performance in 1918 was not 
of the best, however. It was engaged in the Somme, Aisne, and Marne actions without 
winning special credit. Discipline was reported to be lax, and morale poor at the end. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 171 



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172 Divisioisrs OF geeman^ army which participated in wak. 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth District— Posen.) 

1914. 

The division was part of the 5th Reserve Corps with the 10th Reserve Division. 
Meuse-Woevre. 

1. At the beginning of the war it belonged to the 5th German Army (Imperial 
Crown Prince). Concentrated in the region of Sarrebruck and crossed the southern 
part of Belgian Luxemburg; fought August 22 near Ville en Montois and September 1 
in the region of Consenvoye-Flabas, and was kept east of the Meuse near Sivry 
September 2. Toward the end of September and the beginning of October the divi- 
sion sent a few units to the left bank of the Meuse (Forges-Malancourt-Chattancourt). 
The division established itself in Woevre during the last two weeks of October and 
at the beginning of November in the region Etraye-Wavrille-Romagne, where it 
did some fighting at Maucourt November 10. 

Flanders. 

2. About November 13 the division was sent from the region of Verdun to Flanders. 
Some units of the division fought near Poelcappelle and south of Bixschoote in sup- 
port of the 3d Reserve Corps. It suffered very heavy losses. 

3. Again sent to. Woevre during the month of December. 

1915. 
Woevre. 

1. In January, 1915, the division held the region Gincrey-Etrain-Warcq. It 
remained in this section during the whole of 1915 and until the end of February, 
1916. In April it transferred its 7th Reserve Infantry to form the 121st Division. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. A few days before the Verdun offensive (end of February, 1916,) the regiments 
of the division were relieved. The 6th Reserve and the 19th Reserve organized 
with their best units one attack battalion each. These battalions took part with 
the 15th Army Corps in the violent action at the beginning and suffered heavy losses. 

2. March 7 its units were reorganized behind the front and the division advanced 
through Maucourt-Ornes and established itself north of Vaux. March 9 and 10 the 
three regiments of the division attacked successfully the village and fort of Vaux. 
They were repulsed nearly everywhere with very heavy losses. 

3. About March 12 the division was relieved from before Vaux and sent to rest in 
the region of Senon-Amel. 

4. Went back into line about March 20 south of Damploup. It did not attack any 
more, but bombardments caused it heavy losses. 

5. Relieved about the end of April and sent to rest in the vicinity of Saveme (Alsace) 
until June 12. 

Champagne. 

6. About June 20 it went into line in Champagne (sector of Souain-Tahure) but 
did not take part in any important action. 

SOMME. 

7. Withdrawn from the front about September 20 or 25 and sent to the Somme. 
Engaged between the eastern limit of Bouchavesnes and the main P^ronne road 
until October 18. It had a few losses. 

8. After a period of rest, probably in the vicinity of Vouziers, it was again sent 
to the Somme, first behind the front southeast of Bapaume December 1, then about 
December 17 in line in the sector of Bouchavenes-Bois de St. Pierre- Vaast until 
Februaiy, 1917. 



DIVISIOISrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 173 

1917. 

1. In Fel^ruary, 1917, the division held on the Somme the sector north of the 
Ancre — south of Achiet le Petit. 

2. Withdrawn from the front about March 10 and sent to rest in the region of Cambrai, 
and was established on a new front about March 20 west of Catelet near Gouzeaucourt, 
Villers Guislaiu. 

Artois. 

3. About April 15 it was relieved and went into line south of the Scarpe, northeast 
of Monchy le Preaux, from the beginning of May till the beginning of June. 
Flanders. 

4. It was again at the front east of Armentieres from the middle of June till al^out 
July 10, then after a rest in the vicinity of Ghent it was in line on the Ypres road at 
Menin, east of Klein-Zillebeke, from August 10 to September 2.5, and fought especi- 
ally on the 20th, on which date it suffered heavily. The 11th Company of the 6th 
Reserve Infantry was reduced to 20 men, and the 12th to 27. The 19th Reserve 
Infantry had the same losses. The 3d Company of the 395th Infantry lost half of 
its men. (Summary of information Sept. 21 and Oct. 24, 1917.) 

Cambrai. 

5. Reorganized in the region of Cambrai and from that time on held various sec- 
tors of this front. It fought November 23 to 30 at Banteux, Masni^res, and in Decem- 
ber south of Marcoing. In January, 1918, it was at La Vacquerie and was relieved 
there February 21. 

RECRUITING. 

The Province of Posen, with a few units from other districts, for example the ninth, 
to reduce the proportion of Poles. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division fought well in many battles at the end of 1917, especially east of 
Ypres and Ijefore Cambrai. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division reinforced the front southwest of Cambrai on March 22 and ad- 
vanced by Montaubau-Maricourt to west of Albert. It was relieved about the 1st 
of April. After losing heavily in the offensive it was withdrawn. 

Lens. 

2. It came into line in the quiet sector near Lens about April 10, relieving the 
12th Reserve Division. On the 23d it shifted its sector south to Avion. The 12th 
Reserve Division returned from the Lys front to relieve it on about April 29. 

3. The division moved north and entered the battle line .in the Festubert sector 
on April 29. It continued in this sector until September 27, effecting only local 
reliefs. It reentered at once at Marcoing on September 29. A month later it arrived 
at Ath from line and went into line on November 2 at Herrnes. The last identifica- 
tion was at Ellezelle on November 10. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. During 1918 its length of stay 
on the British front was remarkable. Nothing is known of its morale or losses. 



174 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 
































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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 175 

HISTORY. 

(83d Landwehr: Eleventh District— Thiiringia and Electoral Hesse. 116th Landwehr 
and llSth Landwehr: Eighteenth District — Grand Duchy of Hesse.) 

1915. 

Argonne. 

1. This division was organized in the Argonne at the begimaing of 1915 from infantry- 
units in sector in that region and in Champagne. The 4.3d Landwehr Brigade detrained 
at Boulay (Lorraine) August 20, 1914, and fought in the Woe^Te the 24th. The 49th 
Landwehr Brigade was sent to Luxemburg August 20, followed the Eighteenth Reserve 
Corps, and took part with it in the battle of the Mame. In October the two brigades 
were in the Argonne. 

2. From the time of its organization did not leave the Argonne. Erom the begin- 
ning of 1915 it held the sector at or near the Aisne (north of Ville sur Tourbe and north 
of Yienne le Chateau). 

1916. 
Argonne. 

1. Sector north of ^"ienne le Chateau, from the region of Rouvroy to the ravine of 
Fontaine aux Chames. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1. Sector north of Viennele Chateau. 

RECRUITING. 

83d Landwehr: Electorate Hesse and Thuringia. 116th and 118th Landwehr: 
Grand Duchy of Hesse and Rhenish country. The document of July 11, 1917, calls 
the two regiments in question ' ' Rhenish. ' ' 

At the end of 1917 and diuring the first months of 1918 the division exchanged a large 
number of men with the divisions stationed near it, which modified its regional com- 
position to a certain degree. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Sector division. (1918.) 

The division had one storm company in July, 1917, and each regiment had a 
"Stosstrupp." 

1918. 

The division continued to hold the sector in the Argonne Woods until the American 
attack on September 26. It was engaged on the opening days and withdrew on the 
28th. The shattered elements were re-formed and reentered at once on the extreme 
right flank of the 4th French Army in the vicinity of the Aisne. The last identifica. 
tion was at Villers sur le Mont on November 10. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated aa a fourth-class division. On the defensive it showed some 
fighting ability. 



176 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN" WAR. 177 

HISTORY. 

(Third Bavarian District — Upper Palatinate, Upper and Middle Franconia.) 

1916. 

1. This division was formed at thQ. beginning of October, 1916, at Caudry and 
vicinity, and was one of the series of divisions organized at that time from drafts of 
units from already existing divisions. 

AlSNE. 

2. Went into line at the beginning of October east of Craonne, in the sector of Ville 
au Bois. 

3. At the beginning of December it was sent to rest between Cambrai and Le Cateau. 

1917. 

SOMME. 

1. The division was sent to the Somme and sent in its regiments singly to reinforce 
the sectors of Saillisel and Transloy in January, 1917. 

AlSNE. 

2. At the beginning of February the division was sent back to the region of Laon- 
La Malmaison. It returned to the sector of Ville au Bois, where it opposed the French 
offensive of April 16 and lost 2,300 captured and many casualties; the 2d and 3d 
Battalions of the 14th Reserve Infantry were almost all taken prisoners. 

Lorraine. 

3. Relieved April 20 and sent to Lorraine, where it occupied the sector of Moncel- 
Arracourt May 1 to the beginning of August. 

Flanders. 

4. August 1 it entrained at St. Avoid for Flanders. Detrained at Roulers and was 
placed in reserve in the region Staden-Zarren from August 9 to 16. It fought August 
17 north of Ypres at Bixschoote-Langemarck, suffered heavy losses, and remained 
in line only three days. 

WOEVRE. 

5. Aiigust 24 it took over the sector of the Apremont forest near St. Mihiel until 
the end of October. 

Flanders. 

6. Returned to Flanders and sent to rest in the vicinity of Bruges and Ostend in 
October and November. About November 22 it went into line in the sector of 
Lombartzyde and left it at the beginning of December. 

Cambrai. 

7. It returned almost immediately to the front south of Cambrai (Gonnelieu- 
Villers-Guislain) in December, then to the sector of Hargicourt in January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Almost entirely from the Third Bavarian District^Upper Palatinate, Upper and 
Lower Franconia. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division opposed a considerable resistance to the French attack of April 16, 
-1916, and gave proof of good qualities and defense. 

1918. 

1. The division was not engaged on March 21, being in reserve near Estrees from 
the 21st to the 24th. It was then used to clear up the ground near Bellenglise until 
March 27. It marched to the front by Mont St. Quentin, Vermandovillers, and 
Harvonnieres. 

125651°— 20 12 



178 Drvisioisrs of German army which participated in war. 

ViLLERS BrETONNEUX. 

2. From April 4 to 21 it was engaged near Villers Bretonneux. In the counter- 
attack of tlie opening day a battalion of the 11th Bavarian Reserve Regiment ran 
away. For a week the division was in reserve south of Bray sur Somme. On April 
27 it returned to line northeast of Villers Bretonneux, remaining until May 6. 

3. It rested west of St. Quentin from May 11 to 17. 
Battle or the Matz. 

4. On the 19th the division entered the line on the Oise east of Noyon. After the 
26th it was in front of Noyon. The division took part in the attack of June 6 on 
Suzay-Thiescourt-Passel. Relieved about the middle of June, the division was 
disbanded about June 27. Its regiments were turned into the 12th Bavarian Division. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. It was inferior to the other 
Bavarian units. Its morale was bad prior to its dissolution. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 179 

9tli Cavalry Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 





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Regiment. 


Cavalry 


13 Cav. 
11 Cav. 






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5 Uhlan. 


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7 M. G. Btry. 
9 Cav. Pion. Detch. 
415 T. M. Co. 












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3 Heavy Res. Cav. Schutzen Rgt. 





1 At the time of its dissolution, June, 1918. 

HISTORY. 

1918. 

The division was employed in police duty in the Ukraine until about July 1, when 
it was dissolved. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as iouxth class. 



180 DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED Ilf WAE. 



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890 Light Am. Col. 
1171 Light Am. Col. 
1194 Light Am. Col. 


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3 Co. 5 Pions. 
10 T. M. Co. 

70 Searchlight Section. 
10 Signal Command: 
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146 Wireless Detch. 


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218 Ambulance Co. 
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50 Field Hospital. 
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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 181 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth district— Posen.) 

1914. 

The 10th Division at mobilization, belonged to the 5th Army Corps (Posen). 
Detrained August 10 and 11 near Sarreloiiis and belonged to the 5th Army (Prussian 
Crown Prince). Entered Luxemburg the 18th, passed through Arlon the 20th, and 
left it on the evening of the 21st. 

1. Took part in the combat of August 22, 1914 at Ethe, near Virton, next to the 
9th Division. August 28 it was north of Thionville, expecting to leave for Russia. 
August 30 it continued its march in the Woe\'Te, reached the Cotes de Meuse, and 
attacked the fort of Troyon September 7. * 

Les Eparges. 

2. After the battle of the Marne it held the sector of the Cotes de Meuse east of 
Verdun (Les Eparges-Callone) which it held almost all the time until October 1916. 
Took part in the series of combats which took place in this sector between April 
and July, 1915. 

1915 

1. At the time of our offensive of September and October, 1915, in Champagne, the 
10th Division sent some of its units there, but they returned to Woevre about December 
10, 1915, after four weeks' rest in Lorraine. 

Woevre. 

2. After this and until the beginning of October, 1916, the Division held its sector 
of the Cotes de Meuse. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. In October 1916 the division was relieved and took over the sector of Douaumon 
in November. It suffered heavy losses December 15, when the French defeated it 
severely, and had to be withdrawn from the front. 

1917. 

Cotes de Meuse. 

1. Reorganized at the beginning of January, 1917, after a three weeks' rest in the 
region of Mars la Tour, and took over again its former sector of the Cotes de Meuse 
at the beginning of March, remaining there until the end of April. 

AlSNE. 

2. Entrained May 1 at Mars la Tour and sent via Conflans-Montmedy-Sedan- 
Charleville-Hirson to the region north of the Aisne, where it took over a sector 
northwest of Braye en Laonnois. It made an attack there May 18 but did not lose 
very heavily. 

3. On June 20 it was relieved and sent to rest near Crecy sur Serre. Left this region 
about July 25 and spent six days at Gizy and vicinity. 

Chemins de Dames. 

4. On July 30 it went into line in the sector from Allies to Ilurtebise. Its regiment 
suffered a great deal from our artillery fire. During the attack of August 31 to Sep- 
tember 1 the division suffered heavy losses. 

5. About September 15 the diidsion was relieved. On the 20th it took over the 
sector of St. Gobain. 

6. At the beginning of the French attack at the end of October an emergency call 
was sent the 23d for some of the units of the division which were at rest in the region 
of Crepy en Laonnois and during the night of the 23d-24th they went into Vne to 
cover the retreat of the divisions in line. 



182 DIVISIOI^S OF GERMAIsT AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED Ilvf WAR. 

Forest of St. Gobain. 

The greater part of the division remained in line in the forest of St. Gobain during 
this attack. The division was relieved aboiit the middle of December; and on Decem- 
ber 15 it was behind the St. Quentin front. At the end of January 18 the division 
relieved the 211th division in the sector of Allies. 

RECRUITING. 

The 10th Division differs from the 9th in that its normal recruiting district (Province 
of Posen) is composed mostly of Poles. There are, therefore, a large number of Poles 
in its ranks, but it is evident that they are trying to mix them with Prussians, who 
are less liable to desert. The 47th Infantry on December 15, 1916, before Verdun 
contained men from the ninth and tenth districts. The 398th Infantry, whose com- 
panies were taken from various divisions, for example the 9th, the 10th and the 103d, 
obtained from the 103d Division Hessian and Thuringian units. There is the same 
variety in the 6th Grenadiers, which contained at the end of 1912 besides the original 
drafts from the district, men from the ninth and tenth districts, as well as from the 
eighteenth district, the latter belonging to the trained Landsturm (2d BaY?). 



Until the attack of Verdun, the 10th division always had the reputation of being 
a good division composed of good units. At the time of the attack of the French 
December 10, 1915, however, the division which was in the sector north of Verdun 
did not seem to defend itself as stubbornly as might be expected. It should, however, 
be noted that 15 per cent of the forces were at that time weakened by sickness. 
During the German attack of May 18, 1917, the 47th Infantry clearly gave the impress- 
ion that it was quite inferior to the two other regiments of the division. (The presence 
of Poles in the 47th should be noted.) August 31, 1917 at the Chemin des Dames, the 
units of the 10th division resisted well and counterattacked with vigor September 1, 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Allies on February 20 and went to rest and train 
for a month. It was at Montcornet, later near Saint Richaumont, Voulpaix, and La 
Vallee-aux-Bleds. It marched toward the St. Quintin front on March 20, by Origny- 
St. Benoite and Itancourt. 

Battle or Picardy. 

2. It was in the second line on March 21 and 22, advancing through Urvillers and 
Essigny. It was engaged March 23 to 25, crossing the Crozat Canal to the west of Jussy, 
Cugny, and Guiscard. It rested on the 25th and 26th. The division was reengaged 
on March 27 to the 30th in the vicinity of Libermont, Ognolles, Beuvraignes (27th) 
Conchy les Pots (28th-31st). The losses were heavy on the 27th and 28th. The divi- 
sion passed into the second line on the 31st and then to reserve at Solente (east of Roye) 
until the 30th of April. 

3. The division rested and trained fi'om May 5 to 20 at Jeantes la Ville and Namp- 
celle la Cour (east of Vervins). It received a draft of 800 men on May 18. 

4. The division marched toward the Aisne front through Montigny le Franc, Mar- 
chais, Montaigu, and Mauregny, May 25 and 26, by night. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

5. It attacked on the Chemin des Dames on May 27, near Allies, its former sector. 
It was in the front line of the advance through Paissy, Oeuilly, Barbonval, Blanzy, 
Bazoches (27th), Mareuil en Dole, (28th), south of Fere en Tardenois, (29th), south 
of Beuvardes (30th), south of Bouresches. It retired from the front about June 8. 



DlVISIOlSrS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 183 

Battle op the Maknb. 

fi. The division was at rest Bear Sissonne after the middle of June to July 7. It 
marched to the front via Eppes, Brenelle, Foret de Fere, July 7 to 11. It crossed the 
Marne on the morning of the 15th, by pontoons, having passed through the sector 
of the 10th Ldw. Div. The division's objective was a line 8 klms. south of the river, 
which was to have been reached by 11 a. m. The advance was completely checked 
by the American Di\dsion (3d) south of the Marne. The division lost 400 prisoners 
and many casualties. 

7. The division was taken out within a few days and rested at Arcy-St. Restitute. 
It was engaged near Vierzy on the 26th and was thrown back on the Vesle by August 
1, when it was relieved. 

The Wobvre. 

8. The division was taken to Athies-sous-Laon, where it entrained on August 5 
for Mars-la-Tour. The itinerary included Hirson, Charleville, Sedan. It camped 
at Sponville until the night of August 18-19. It relieved the 277th Division in the 
sector Richecourt, Lahay\dlle, St. Baussant. The division had absorbed the 255th 
Division, dissolved on August 7, and its losses in men and material had been made 
up. The division sustained the American attack of September 12 and was thrown 
back north of Thiaucourt on Jaulny, Rembercourt. The division lost heavily in 
casualties and prisorjers. Practically the entire 3d Battalion of the 398th Regiment 
was captured on the first day. It was taken out on September 20. 

Moselle. 

9. The division was reassembled at Loringen, near Metz. From the dissolved 77th 
Reserve Division the 257th Reserve Regiment was turned into the 6th Gren. Regi- 
ment (10th Division), the 419th into the 398th Regiment, and the 332d into the 47th 
Regiment. Other drafts from Germany were received to reconstitute the division. 
On the 5th of October the division entered the sector east of the Moselle (Nomeny), 
where it remained until October 28. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

10. The division returned to Metz and moved by rail for Pelte, via Metz-Longuyon- - 
Montmedy. It went into position on November 3 northwest of Stenay. The last 
identification was on the Meuse on November 11. 



The division was rated as a first-class division. It behaved creditably in the 
Somme and Aisne offensives. It was completely defeated on the Marne, from which 
it never recovered. The inferior qualities of the drafts received in August and Sep- 
tember lowered the fighting value of the division. 



184 DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN army which participated I'N WAR. 













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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 185 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth District— Posen.) 

1914. 

France. 

1. At mobilization the division, with the 9th Reserve Division, formed the 5th 
Reserve Corps. It Was part of the 5th Army (Crown Prince of Prussia) and took 
part in the offensive which went around Verdun from the north. It fought at Ville 
en ]\Iontois August 22, in the Region of Consenvoiye-Flabas September 1, and in the 
vicinity of Sivry sm- Meuse September 2. It remained on the right bank of the 
Meuse until the end of September. ' ' 

Meuse. 

2. About October 1 some of the units of the 10th Reserve Division were sent to 
the left bank (Cuisy-Forges-Gercourt). 

3. At the beginning of November the division was regrouped in the region of 
Damvillers (right bank). Took part in the attacks toward Azannes November 10 
and established itself in the sector of Consenvoye-Azannes (northeast of Orne-Bois 
des Caures in November and December) . 

1915. 

1. The division held the region east of Consenvoye-Flabas-Bois dea Caures-Azannes 
until the Verdun offensive February, 1916. 

WOEVRE. 

2. At the end of September, 1915, at the beginning of thetFrench attack in Cham- 
pagne, some units of the division (battalions of the 37th Reserves and 98th Reserves 
were sent as reinforcements to vicinity of Ville sur Tourbe and Massiges.) 

1916. 
Verdun. ^ 

1. About February 15, 1916, the division was relieved from the sector on the right 
bank of the Meuse and put in reserve. During the fii'st days of the offensive it 
engaged only a few attack battalions. Beginning March 12 it was in line before 
Vaux and Fort Vaux and had very heavy losses. April 3 the 8th of the 37th Fusiliers 
received at least 64 rej^lacements (recuperated men who entered the service the 
preceding November and recovered wounded and sick). 

2. The division was relieved at the end of Ajiril and sent to rest in the region of 
Mulhouse from the beginning of I^tay to June 12. 

Champagne. 

3. Sent to Champagne and held the sector north of Tahure, south of Somme Py, 
until September 20. 

Somme. 

4. After a few days' rest it was sent to the Somme soutli of the St. Pierre Wood- Vaast 
from October 5 to 15. It suffered very heavy losses there. 

5. At rest for 13 days, then entrained, and went to Dun via Hirson-Mezieres- 
Charleville-Sedan October 23. 

MoRT Homme. 

6. It held the sector of Mort Homme (left bank of the Meuse) from October 28 to 
February 8, 1917. 



186 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1917. 

1. The division was at rest in the middle of February, 1917, in the region of Sedan, 
then of Dizy le Gros. 

AlSNE. 

2. At the beginning of March it went into line in the region of Berry au Bac 
(from Hill 108 to Spigneul). It was relieved at the beginning of the French attack 
April 16. The French artillery preparation caused it heavy losses. 

MoRT Homme — ^Hill 304. 

3. From April 24 to May 15 it was in line in its old sector — Cumierfes-Mort Homme — 
and from the middle of May till July 19 in the adjoining sector — ^Hill 304-Avocoirrt 
Wood. It attacked June 28 and 29 and opposed our counterattacks of July 12 to 
17, suffering heavy losses. 

4. Withdrawn from the front about July 19. 

5. At rest near Sedan and reorganized (replacements from the Fifth District and 
Eighteenth District (Frankfort on Main) . 

Champagne. 

6. It then took over the sector Vitry-Cernay les Reims about August 8. Bemained 
there imtil about October 27. 

7. November 9 it went into line north of Craonne in the region of Chermizy- 
Bouconville (?). Some of the units of the division were not in this sector. After a 
rest in the camp of Sissonne and at Poilcourt, end of October to middle of Decem- 
ber, they went into line in the sector Miette-Aisne about December 17. About 
that date the division was regrouped north of Berry au Bac, where it was still in 
February, 1918. 

KECEUITING. 

Province of Posen. The differences were made up by the Sixth District mostly. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is considered as a " big attack " division. In April, 1917, in the region 
of Berry au Bac it executed a well-conducted attack on Satigneul. The offensive 
value of the division showed itself again during the attacks of Jirne 28-29 of 1917 at 
Hill 304. 

There is no lack of volunteers for dangerous missions, and the motto of the division 
is said to be: "Get after the enemy and beat 'em wherever you find 'em." The 
commanding general of the division and the colonel commanding the 155th con- 
sider that their men are able to endure hard battles (November, 1917). 

1918. 
Battle op Picardt. 

1. The division was relieved aboiit March 15 and sent to reenforce the Somme 
front. It was engaged near Beaulieu les Fontaines on March 25-26, where it remained 
until April 7. Heavy casualties were reported in this offensive. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

2. The division rested until May 27, when it took part in the offensive at Mont 
Notre Dame. About June 15 it was withdrawn to Athies (Laon), where it rested 
fallen until July 15. 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

3. On July 15 the division was again engaged south of the Marne at Montvoisin 
and Oeuilly on the opening day. It retired from the Vesle front, to which it had 
fallen back, about August 5. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 187 

Vesle. 

4. After resting three weeks at Asfeld the division retimied to the Vesle front on 
August 28 near Chalon siu: Vesle and was engaged until September 18. 

5. On the 18th the division was directed by stages to Laon and entered the line 
south of Laon at Ferme-Colombe on the 22d. The division appears to have been 
constantly in action until November ], and possibly until the armistice. It was 
successively identified at Chevrigny, Montceau le AVaast (Oct. 14), southeast of 
Toulle (Oct. 27), south of Banogne (Nov. 1). The last identification was at Maubert- 
Fontaine on November 10. 

VALUE— lOlS ESTIMATE. 

The di\ision Was rated as a fust-class division. It fought hard in most of the 
offensives of the year^ and when on the defensive put up a hard, steady fight for 
two months without relief. 



188 mVlSlONS OF- GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 189 

HISTORY. 

(369th. and 370th: Seventh District — ^Westphalia. 371st: Eleventh District — 

Thuringia.) 

1914. 

THs division was organized as early as August, 1914. It comprised the 25th, 37th, 
and 43d Mixed Ersatz Brigades, themselves constituted by the Brigade Ersatz Bat- 
talions of the Tenth, Seventh, and Eleventh. Districts (Hanover, Oldenburg, Bruns- 
wick, Westphalia, Electoral Hesse, and Thuringia). 

Lorraine. 

1. Detrained August 17 and 18 near Sarrelouis and brought quickly to the rear of 
the 3d Bavarian Corps August 20, and crossed the frontier the 25th. September 7 it 
had heavy losses at the attack against Nancy (Champenoux). Tbe 40th Brigade 
Ersatz Battalion lost half its forces (notebook). It continued, however, to take part 
in the operations in Lorraine in the region of Moncel until September 12, 1914, after 
which it went to rest near Chateau Salins. 

Ha YE. 

2. September 28 it entrained for Noveant and went into line on the Haye front, 
where it held various sectors (Loupmont, Richecourt, Apremont). 

1915. 
Hate. 

1. During 1915 the division continu'ed to hold the Lorraine front (Haye): Loup- 
mont, Seicheprey, Lahayville, Mort Mare Wood. 

2. At the end of July the division was reorganized. Its brigade Ersatz battalions 
were grouped into regiments and formed the 368th, 369th, 370th, and 371st Infantry. 
The companies were filled up again. The 9th company of the 370th Infantry received 
not less than 76 replacements in August (1915 class called up in May). 

1916. 

WOEVEE. 

1. The division remained^ in the Flirey-Limey sector until the end of August, 
1916. At that date it was relieved by the Guard Ersatz Di^dsion and sent to rest in 
the region of Thiaucourt. 

Somme. 

2. By September 5, leaving the 368th Regiment, which was transferred to the 213th 
Division, it entrained at Montmedy and went to the south of the Somme via Laon, 
Tergnier, and St. Quentin. It fought south of Berny en Santerre from September 14 
to 25 and suffered considerable losses. 

Champagne. 

3. After a short rest in the region of St. Quentin the division was sent to Champagne. 
Until November 12 it held, without any particular incidents, the Ste. Marie a Py and 
Somme Py sector. 

4. From the middle of November to the middle of December it was sent to rest in 
the region of Attigny. 

Meuse. 

5. December 28 it took over the Ornes-Bezonvaux sector. 

1917. 

1. Held the Verdun front (Bezonvaux) until April 19, 1917. 

Champagne. 

2. Between April 20 and 25 it returned to Champagne and took part in the attack 
south of Moronvilliers from the beginning of May to the beginning of June. From 
June 9 to beginning of August it was in line in the region of Regnieville-Remenauville 
(Haye). 



190 DIVISIONS or GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAE. 

Flanders. 

4. After a rest behind the Lorraine front, the division entrained at Chambley 
August 21 for Belgium. About September 24 it was engaged before Ypres near 
Poelcappelle. 

Galicia. 

5. Withdrawn from the Belgium front about October 7 and entrained the 10th for 
Galicia, where it was identified south of Skala, November 17. 

RECRUITING. 

Westphalia and Rhine Provinces: 369th and 370th Infantry. Thuringia: 371st 
Infantry. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division suffered heavy losses in Champagne in May, 1917, and at Ypres in 
September and October, 1917. The division has only moderate value.' 

1918. 

Battle of the Lys. 

1. The division remained in line until the attack on the Lys in April. It was 
engaged north of the La Bassee Canal (Givenchy, Festubert, southeast of Lacre), 
from April 9 to 24. The losses were heavy, including 700 prisoners. The 360th 
Regiment suffered the most in the fighting. 

2. It was relieved on the 12th and rested in rear of the line until the 29th, when 
it returned to its former sector at Locre until May 3. 

3. The division rested near Roubaix (Bondues, Wambrechies) until the beginning 
of July. According to reports, sickness was very general throughout the division 
at the time. 

La Basseb Canal. 

4. On July 14 the division entered the line south of the La Bassee Canal, coming 
via Lille and Seclin. It remained in this sector until October 2. 

5. It moved southward to reenforce the Cambrai-St. Quentin battle front on Octo- 
ber 7, coming into line east of Tilloy. It fell back toward Valenciennes through 
Escaudoevres, Iwny (Oct. 11), Verchain (Oct. 21), Maing (Oct. 24-25), Famars (Oct. 
27), north of Le Quesnoy (Oct. 27). It retired to the second line about November 1, 
but was reengaged southeast of Antoingt on November 9. 



The 10th Ersatz Division was rated as a third-class division. Its service in 1918 
was as a sector-holding division. It appears to have been a division of average value. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 191 



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HISTORY. 

(First District — Eastern Prussia.) 

1915. 

The present lOth Landwelir Division (tlie old lOth Landwelir Division took the 
name of the 1st Landwehr Division) was built around the 9th Landwelir Brigade 
(Brandenburg), which was brought to Koenigsburg as early as August 14, 1914, to con- 
stitute its war garrison. It found at Koenigsburg some of the mobile depot battalions 
of the regiments of the 1st Army Corps, from which came the three Koenigsburg 
Ersatz infantiy regiments, which became, respectively, the 376th, 377th, and 378th 
Infantry. The present 372d Infantry is the former Ersatz infantry regiment of the 
10th Landwehr Division. 

Poland. 

1. These troops, at first fighting in eastern Prussia, took part in the campaign in 
Poland with the 1st Landwehr Corps, beginning with the first part of 1915. 

2. About the end of July, 1915, the division took part in the offensive against the 
Russians, forced the passage of the Narew, and advanced east of Vilna to the region of 
VUeiki in September. 

Lake Narotch. 

3. After the front was stabilized it established itself between Spiagla and Lake Svir, 
south of Lake Narotch. 

1916. 

1. The division remained in line near Lake Svir until July, 1916. 

VOLHYNIA. 

2. About July 27 the units of the division were relieved from the front of Lake 
Narotch and sent to Volhynia to the Von Linsingen Army. The 9th Landwehr Brigade 
became independent and did not follow the division, which was reduced to three 
regiments. These were engaged on the banks of the Stokhod at the end of July at 
Lokatchi and Kachovka and remained in line in the region of Kisselin and Sviniouki 
until the beginning of 1918 

1917. 
Volhynia. 

1. January to December, 1917, in the Kisselin-Sviniouki sector. 

2. In November, 1917, the three regiments of the division furnished 60 men per 
company for the Western Front, picked from the strongest, and received in exchange 
older men. In October, 16 men per company had already been transferred to the 
14th Division following the latter's losses on the Ainse. 

RECRUITING. 

The division is sufficiently homogeneous, the regiments as a rule coming from eastern 
Prussia. However, the necessity of filling up the ranks before being sent to France 
brought it a number of men from other Provinces. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In spite of its drafts, which are good, and the large number of officers, many of whom 
are in the active army, the division remained on the Eastern Front until March, 1918. 
Up to the present time it has received no training with a view to warfare on the Western 
Front, and must be considered for the time being as of mediocre value (AprU, 1918), 
The men of more than 35 years of age were left in Russia as abruestungs kommando 
(cleaning up and salvage) . 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 193 

1918; 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

1. On Jiuie 3 the division entrained in the Woevre and traveled via Conflans-Sedan- 
Mezieres-Laon to Malmaison, where it detrained on June 4. It marched to the front 
via Fismes, Fere en Tardenois, and Fresnes. It came into line on the Marne near 
Mont St. Pere about June 10. Here it was in line until July 15, when it dropped back 
to permit an attacking division to pass through. In the retreat the division again 
came into line a few days later and was heavily engaged on the defense until about 
August 1. 

2. Heavy losses, including 300 prisoners on July 23, led to the dissolution of the 
division. Its effectives were turned into other fresh divisions. The 372d, 377th, and 
378th went to the 37th Division, 36th Division, and 201st Division in the order named. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a fourthrclass division. 
125651°— 20 13 



194 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAF ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 195 

HISTORY. 

(I6th Bavarian: First Bavarian District — Lower Bavaria. 6th Reserve Bavarian 
and 8th Reserve Bavarian: Second Bavarian District — Bavarian Palatinate.) 

1915. 

This division was organized in Belgium in March, 1915. Its three infantry regi- 
ments were drawn from already existing Bavarian divisions — the 16th Bavarian from 
the 1st Bavarian Division, the 6th Reserve Bavarian from the 5th Bavarian Reserve 
Division, and the 8th Bavarian Reserves from the 4th Bavarian Division. 

1. In April ,1915, the division was in the region of Tournai. 

SOMME. 

2. In May it took over the sector of Lihons-Estrees road to Foucaucourt, which it 
occupied until the Franco-British offensive of 1916. 

3. In October some units of the division were sent as reinforcements to Neuville- 
St. Vaast and to Champagne. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. Reniained in the Foucaucourt-Lihons sector until the middle of June, 1916. 

2. At the end of June it was sent south of Bapaume and took part in the battle of the 
Somme near Contalmaison, Bazentin le Petit, and Longueval from July 1 to the end 
oi July. The 6th Reserve Infantry suffered heavily. Its 2d Battalion lost 11 officers 
and 724 men (casualty lists). 

G ALICIA. * 

3. About the middle of August the division was sent to the Eastern Front (Stanislau) 
and the trip lasted from August 13 to 18. 

BUKOVINA. 

4. September and October: Bukovina (Doma-Vatra, Kirlibaba, west of Mont 
Capoul). It fought against the right wing of the Roumanian Army. 

Transylvania. 

5. From November, 1916, to the end of January, 1917, it held the sector of Tolgyes 
in Transylvania. 

1917. 

G ALICIA. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1917, the division left the Roumanian front and 
went to Galicia (sector of Zalosce) from February to May, being attached to the 2d 
Austro-Hungarian Army. 

France. 

2. In May the division returned to France, via Zloczow (May 19), Lemberg, Cracow, 
Breslau, Frankfort on Main, Treves. 

Alsace. 

Detrained about May 25 in the region of Mulhouse; then was sent to rest and training 
in Upper Alsace at the beginning of June and sent to Belgium (June 12 to 14). 

Flanders. 

3. Fought south of the Ypres-Comines canal where it opposed the attackof July 31. 
It then went to the region of Catelet (sector of Gonnelieu) from August 12 to the 
end of September. It was near Becelaere in October. 

Russia. 

4. At the end of October it was again sent to the Eastern Front. After a few weeks' 
rest at Brest Litovsk it returned to France without having fought. Entrained Novem- 
ber 22 at Brest Litovsk and detrained in Lorraine the 27th. Itinerary: Warsaw- 
Posen Erfurt. 

Lorraine. 

5. On November 29 to 30 it went into line in the forest of Bezange and was relieved 
in the middle of January, 1918. 



196 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The 16th Infantry: Lower Bavaria. The two other regiments: Bavarian Palan- 
tinate. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The greater part of the division is composed of young men. It does not seem to 
have suffered any losses for a long time. However, its morale seems to have been 
shaken at times. When it was sent from St. Quentin to Ypres at the end of 
September, 1917, it is believed that the officers of the 16th Infantry had trouble in 
preventing a mutiny. (British Information Bulletin, Oct. 12, 1917.) 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Vosges on May 13 and rested near Dieuze until 
May 30. It entrained and moved by Metz and Sedan, Charleville, Liart, and de- 
trained near Laon on the 30th-31st. It moved to the front by Bruyeres, Braye en 
Laennois, MontNotre-Dame, Neuilly-St. Front. 

Battle op the Aisne and Marne. 

2. It was reengaged southeast of Troesnes-Passy en Valois (on the Ourcq) from 
June 5 to July 18. It was thrown back on Rozet St. Albin (July 20) and then west of 
Armentieres (21st). About that date the division was relieved. 

The division was dissolved in August and its units sent to the 6th Bavarian Reserve 
Division, 11th Bavarian Division, and 14th Bavarian Division. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. In 1918 it saw but six weeks of 
active fighting before it was dissolved. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 197 



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198 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Sixth District — Silesia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. The 11th Division belonged to the 6th Army Corps and detrained at Merzig 
August 10 and 11, 1914, passed through Luxemburg the 17th, and entered Belgian 
Luxemburg the 18th. 

2. It belonged to the 5th Army (Prussian Crown Prince) and took part in the battle 
of August 22 at Tintigny, St. Vincent, and Belle Fontaine. It crossed the Meuse 
the 29th below Stenay, passed through Varennes and Ste. Menehould. September 7, 
at the high point of the German advance, it was near Revigny. 

Rheims. 

3. After the battle of the Marne it established itself at the western edge of the 
Argonne (from BinarAdlle to Cemay en Bormois). 

Argonne. 

4. October 4 it fought at Binarville. October 21 the 22d Brigade was at Beine, 
east of Rheims. The 21st Brigade remained in the Argonne. 

1915. 

1. At the end of January, 1915, the 21st Brigade returned to the Rheims sector. 
Champagne. 

In February the 22d Brigade was attached temporarily in support of the 8th Reserve 
Corps on the Champagne front (east). 

2. About the middle of June the division went to Artois to reinforce the 6th Aimy 
in preparation for the French offensive. 

SOUCHEZ. 

3. At the end of June it held the sector north of Souchez, east of Neuville St. 
Vaast. It executed many unsuccessful attacks on' Souchez and the Chateau of 
Carleul. It suffered considerable losses during July. September 25 and 26 it had 
more losses before La Folic. Relieved at the end of September and sent to rest 
in the region of Cambrai. The casualty lists for the 10th Grenadiers show 432 killed, 
1,023 wounded, 64 missing; total, 1,519 men. The losses were hastily made good 
from October 5 to 14 by replacements with less than three months' training (oldest 
class Landsturm 2d Band and 1915 class men who entered service in July). The 
9th Company of the 10th Grenadiers received in this way at least 119 men and the 
12th Company of the 38th Fusiliers about the same. 

4. During the first two weeks of October the division went into line in the sector 
astride the Somme. 

1916. 
Frise. 

1. At the end of January, 1916, the division took part in the attack which ended 
in the taking of the village of Frise and suffered very heavy losses. 

2. On May 25 it was relieved, and a short time afterwards took over the sector 
south of the Amiens-St. Quentin road. (At the end of June the first 1917-class sol- 
diers arrived with older classes put back, taken from the mines and factories of 
Silesia.) t 

Somme. 

3. In this sector it opposed the French attack of July 1 and days following. It 
suffered heavily and lost a large number of prisoners to the French. (The 11th 
Grenadiers, whose battalions had fought in three different places, separated from 
the rest of the division, had to have at least 181 replacements to complete the 11th 
Company. They arrived from July 6 to 20.) 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 199 

4. It was withdrawn from this sector about the end of July and sent to the region 
of St. Quentin to be reorganized. 

5. On August 1 the division took over the trenches in the sector Andechy- 
Beuvraignes. 

SOMME. 

6. September 4 it again went in to the battle of the Somme between Deniecourt 
and Vermandovillers. During these two actions in the Somme it suffered 83 per 
cent losses. 

7. Relieved October 10 and took over the sector of Prunay the 24th, which it held 
until December 12, then went to rest near St. Quentin. The 11th Grenadiers left 
the division in October and were transferred to the 101st Division in Macedonia. 

1917. 

1. On January 4, 1917, the division went into line in the sector of Lassigny, then 
on February 10 in the sector of Ablaincourt, south of the Somme. 

2. About the middle of the month of March the division retreated, with the other 
German forces engaged in the Somme, to the Hindenburg line. 

3. March 29 it was sent to the Arras front. 

Artois. 

April 19 it opposed south of the Scarpe the first shock of the British attack. In 
spite of a desperate defense it was routed and lost 2,200 prisoners to the British. The 
51st Infantry was reduced to 600 men (prisoners' statements) and its 12th Company 
to 6 men. 

4. On April 11 the division was relieved and reorganized in the region of Bruges. 
It received replacements especially from the 623d Infantry, which was dissolved, 
organized, and trained at the camp at Neuhammer. 

Flanders. 

5. At the beginning of June it was in support of the Wytschaete-Messines front 
when the British attacked. It then held this sector until June 26 and suffered heavy 
losses again (June 8 and 9). 

WOEVRE. 

6. After a few days' rest it was sent to Metz and then put in line in the sector of 
FHrey (in Haye), end of July to September 15. 

7. Relieved about the middle of September, and in October took over a sector on 
the Champagne front. 

Flanders. 

8. At the end of October it was sent to Flanders and went into line near Passchen- 
deale. Withdrawn at the end of December and went to the rear of the front in the 
region of Maubeuge. 

RECRUITING. 

The division was recruited in the regions of Breslau, Glatz, and Schweidnitz from 
a German population. The Poles, therefore, coming from the Province of Silesia, 
are in the minority. The Sixth District is thickly populated and was able by itself 
to maintain the division even during the period of heavy losses. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In spite of the heavy losses suffered at the Somme, Arras, and Wytschaete the 
division always fought well. Its value is diminished by the presence of a certain 
number of Poles who were generally ready to desert when they had a chance. Lieut. 
Col. Schwerck, commanding the 51st Infantry, received the order "Pour le Merite" 
after the battle of Arras. This reward, which has been given to only six other regi- 
mental commanders, seems to prove that the fighting value of the 11th Division at 
Arras in April, 1917, was greatly appreciated by the German High Com m and. 



200 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1. The 11th Division rested first in the Maubeuge region, and later near Charleville 
and Laon for about two months. About March 1 it relieved the 51st Reserve Division 
in the Butte de Mesnil. Here nothing except minor trench raids was attempted. 
Most of the older men were exchanged for yoving ones. It was relieved by the 88th 
Division April 15. 

Lassigny. 

2. April 20 it relieved elements of the 34th and 37th Divisions south of Dives, 
(east of Lassigny). It was relieved by the 202d Division during the night of May 22-23. 
It rested then for about 10 days in the Guiscard region. 

MONTDIDIER. 

3. June 9 it reinforced the Montdidier-Noyon battle front south of Thiescourt 
(west of Noyon). It attacked the first day of the offensive as an attack division. It 
attacked on a front of 1,500 yards, with Compiegne as its final objective (its orders 
were captured), but did poorly, succeeding only in reaching Machemont — less than 
half way. In this engagement it suffered heavy losses. It was withdrawn the 16th 
and went to rest in the Guiscard region, where it received some 1,300 replacements. 

4. The division relieved the 222d Division near Rubescourt (south of Montdidier) 
July 19. In the fighting which followed, the division lost heavily. The 10th Regi- 
ment received 300 replacements August 2; relieved about the 12th. 

5. It reentered line near Varesnes the 22d and was withdrawn the 28th. 
St. Quentin. 

6. September 8 it came back into line southwest of St. Quentin near Jussy. It 
was withdrawn about the 20th. 

7. Fovir days later the division was identified north of St. Quentin in the Gricourt 
sector; withdrawn the 2d of October. 

8. It came back into line about the 12th near Barisis (south of LaFere). The divi- 
sion took part in the general German retirement and was identified successively at 
Remies, Mesbrecourt, Lea Ferte-Chevresis, Monceau le Neuf , Le Herie la Vieville, St. 
Algis, and Champ Bouvier. It was still in line when the armistice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 11th is rated as a good second-class division. It did not do well in the battle 
of the Oise, but everywhere else its conduct under fire was characterized by consid- 
rable tenacity. Losses were very heavy. Numerous cases of desertion, especially 
to the interior; a large number of replacements — ^returned prisoners from Russia — 
are said to have mutinied at Breslau. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 201 



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202 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAK. 

HISTORY. 

(Sixth District — Silesia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. This division, with the 12th Reserve Division, formed the 6th Reserve Corps. 
Loreaine-Meuse. 

2. At the beginning of the war it belonged to the 5th Army (Prussian Crown Prince). 
Fought at Arrancy from August 22 to 25; crossed the Mouse the 21st of September. 
Fought in the region of Cierges September 2; advanced nearly to Triaucourt Septem- 
ber 9 and retreated through the east of the Argonne near Montfaucon September 11 
to 17. 

3. At the end of September it established itself at the eastern edge of the Argonne 
(Varennes-Malancourt wood). It occupied this region until the Verdun offensive in 
February, 1916. 

1915. 

1. January to December, 1915, the division held the sector of Malancourt wood, 
south of Montfaucon, in Argonne. In April the 11th Reserve Infantry was trans- 
ferred to form the 117th DiAOsion. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. In February, 1916, when the battle of Verdun commenced, the division was still 
in its sector on the left bank of the Meuse. 

2. In March it fought near Bethencourt. It took this village April 9. Relieved 
about May 15 after suffering very heavy losses (68 per cent of its infantry). 

3. Sent to rest and reorganized with replacements from the 1916 class. 

SOMME. 

4. It was at first army reserve in the region of Cambrai at the beginning of June. 
Then a hiirry call was sent for the division June 27 and it went into the battle of 
the Somme. 

5. July 2 to 3 it relieved some units of the 12th Division and 10th Bavarian Division 
on the front Hardecourt to the Somme and suffered enormous losses from July 2 to 9. 

6. Received replacements July 10 and suffered again heavily between the 10th and 
20th in the same region. It was withdrawn from the Somme front about July 24. 

Flanders. 

7. Reconstituted again with replacements from the depots of the 12th Army Corps 
and sent at the end of July and beginning of August to the east of Armentieres, south 
of the Lys, and held this sector until September 20 to 27. 

Somme. 

8. At the end of September the division returned to the Somme, between the 
Somme and Barleux. It opposed the attack of the French October 18 to 19 in the 
sector of Biaches. 

9. The division was relieved from the Somme area at the beginning of November. 

Artois. 

10. Sent to Artois and went into line at the beginning of December in the sector 
of Lens, between Loos and Lievin. 

1917. 

1. About March 24 to 25, 1917, the division was withdrawn from the Artois front. 

2. In line for six weeks between Cambrai and St. Quentin, in the sector Bellicourt- 
Bellenglise, from the end of March to May 10. Returned about May 14 to 15 to the 
region of Lens, where it stayed until August 20. (Attack of the Canadians on its 
right flank Aug. 15.) 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 203 

Artois-Flanders. 

3. At rest in the vicinity of St. Amand (Artois) at the end of August and beginning 
of September. Held the front south of Lena (sector Frenoy-Acheville) September 9. 
In November it was sent to Flanders near Passchendaele, where it alternated with 
the 12th Reserve Division until Januarj^, 1918. At rest from the middle of January 
and went, back into line February 24 south of the forest of Houthulst. 

RECRUITING. 

Silesia. Drafts from other districts — ^for example, the fourth — to counterbalance 
the Polish element. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

At the present time (February, 1918) it is difficult to form a precise opinion of the 
fighting qualities of this division, as it has not been seriously engaged since the battle 
of the Somme. In the sector of Lens and Frenoy the heavy losses which it suffered 
from gas have no doubt caused a certain weakening of the morale. (One company 
of the 156th Infantry was reduced to 24 men.) 

In Flanders the division held a difficult sector, but arrived at a time when active 
operations were coming to an end. The nature of the ground has been the main cause 
of its losses. (Information from the British, Feb. 9, 1918.) 

1918. 

Passchendaele. 

1. The division remained in line south of Passchendaele until January 16, when 
it was relieved by the 31st Division. It then moved to the Oostroosebeke area, 
where it underwent a course of training in open warfare. 

Ypres. 

2. February 24 the division relieved the 199th Division astride the Ypres-Staden 
railway (northeast of Ypres). 

Armentieres. 

3. It was relieved about the 18th of March by the extension of front of the neigh- 
boring divisions, and one regiment was identified by prisoners as having reenforced 
the front south of Villers-Carbonnel (southwest of Peronne). This regiment was 
relieved March 26 and went to join the remainder of the division which was resting 
in the Turcoing area. April 9 the division reenforced the front in the Croix du Bac 
sector (north of the La Bassee Canal). It was withdrawn about the 16th, after losing 
heavily, and went to rest in the vicinity of Laventie. 

4. April 28 it relieved the 81st Reserve Division southwest of Meteren. It was 
withdrawn about the 6th of May, going to be reconstituted in the area southeast of 
Bailleul. 

5. It relieved the 12th Division southwest of Meteren during the night of May 18-19, 
remaining in line until June 7, when it was withdrawn to rest in the Courtrai area. • 

6. During the night of June 22-23 the division relieved the 216th Division in the 
Locre sector (west of Kemmel). Here it fought until a day or two before the armis- 
tice, when it seems to have been withdrawn. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 11th Reserve is rated as a second-class division. It has fought a great deal 
during 1918, especially since June, and has lost heavily. Its record has not been 
brilliant. _ „ . 



204 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

































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DIVISIONS or GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. -205 

HISTOEY. 

(18th Landwehr: Twentieth District — Eastern part of West Prussia. 75th Landwehr 
and 76th Landwehr: Ninth District — Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklemburg.) 

1914. 
Eastern Prussia-Poland. 

1. This division is the former Von Einem Division, which, with the Jacobi Divi- 
sion (former 10th Landwehr Division), formed the 1st Landwehr Corps on the Eastern 
Front in 1914-15. It took part in the battle of Tannenberg in August and fought 
near Lyck in October, 1914. 

2. From November to December the 1st Landwehr Corps held the defiles of the 
Masurian Lakes, the 33d and 70th Landwehr Brigades being in the region of Anger- 
burg and Loetzen. 

1915. 

1. In February, 1915, the 1st Landwehr Corps was identified between Mariampol 
and Suwalki. 

2. From March to August the Von Einem Division, which became the 11th Land- 
wehr Division, was in line before the fortress of Ossowiec. 

ViCHNEV. 

3. The offensive against the Russians brought it to the railroad Molodetchno-Lida, 
near Vichnev, in September. It established its positions there and remained more 
than two years, from September, 1915, to the beginning of 1918. 

1916. 

1. Vichnev-Krevo sector. 

2. Toward the end of 1916 the 424th Infantry was assigned to the 11th Landwehr 
Division, which had given its 5th Landwehr to the 218th Division in October. 

1917. 

1. Vichnev-Krevo sector. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

On the Russian front since the beginning of the war. Mediocre quality. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. The 11th Landwehr Division, which was still in line south of Krevo in January, 
1918, marched to the east in February. On April 30 it was identified in the Ukraine 
between Kiev and Koursk. About the middle of May it was in the Soumy region. 
A man of the 75th Landwehr Regiment wrote on the 16th of June: "I am still at 
Kiev, but I tell you one thing, it is much worse here than in the trenches, for there 
one has the enemy in front, while here it is just the opposite. The people are so 
badly disposed toward us they would eat us alive if they were able, but they can not.'' 
Russia. 

2. The middle of July the division was identified south of Moscow. During all 
this time men were taken from the division and sent as replacements to the Western 
Front. 

3. Early in November elements of the division were identified along the Danube. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



206 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 



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HISTORY. 

(3d. Bavarian: First Bavarian District.) (22d Bavarian: Second Bavarian District.) 
(13th Reserve Bavarian: Third Bavarian District.) 

1915. 

Organized in April, 1915, in Galicia, in the Carpathians. 

Galicia. 

1. This division belonged to Mackensen's army during the offensive in Galicia and 
took part in the capture of Przemysl May 81, 1915. 

Bug. 

2. Sent north, fought at Rava Ruska, and reached the Bug in the region of Cholm- 
Vlodava. Withdrew from the front at the end of August. 

Serbia. 

3. In September and October the division took part in the campaign against Serbia 
with Mackensen's army. Crossed the Danube October 8 to 11; Valley of the Morawa; 
region of Monastir (November). 

4. Left the front November 15 and went to rest in Hungary at Weisskirchen imtil 
the beginning of February, 1916. 

1916. 
France. 

1. From February 9 to 10, 1916, the division entrained for the Western Front. 
Itinerary : Temesvar - Szegedin - Baja -Marburg - Graz- Salzburg- Munich-Ingolstadt- 
Wurzburg-Frankfort on Main-Coblentz-Cologne-Liege-Malines. Detrained at Ant- 
werp February 15. 

2. At rest in the region of Antwerp until March 1, and on that date it entrained for 
Vouziers. 

Verdun. 

3. Sent to the Verdun front (sector of Avocourt wood, Mar. 8), attacked March 20 
and 22 and April 11 and suffered considerable losses; 75 per cent of its infantry out 
of action. 

4. Relieved at the beginning of June and sent to rest in the region of Thionville, 
then sent to Cambrai. 

Russia. 

5. June 14 it returned to Russia. Itinerary: Solesme Busigny-Maubeuge-Liege- 
Aix la Chapelle-Hanover-Brest Litovsk-Kovel. 

KOVEL. 

6. Went into action immediately and counterattacked near the Kovel-Rovno Rail- 
road and suffered heavy losses. 

Roumania. 

7. In October it took part in the Roumanian campaign (Valley of the Jiul). 

1917. 
France. 

1. Withdrawn from the Braila front at the beginning of January, 1917, and again 
entrained for France on the 10th. Itinerary: Bucarest-Budapest-Vienna-Salz burg- 
Munich. Detrained the 22d at Barr (Alsace). 

Alsace. 

2. In April held the sector Bumhaupt-Rhone-Rhine canal. 

AlSNE. 

3. Sent from Mulhouse to Marie April 26 to 28, then to the south of Laon and took 
over the sector of Cernay May 5 to 6, where its losses were due especially to artillery 
fire. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 209 

4. At rest in the region of Laon June 6 to August 3. 

5. Coucy sector August 3 to September 15. The division did not have any hard 
action here, but suffered again from bombardment. 

6. September 15, at rest in the vicinity of Sedan for one month. 
Flanders, 

7. Entrained at Sedan October 15 to 17; detrained at Courtrai October 18; went 
into line the 22d in the sector of Passchendaele, where it suffered heavily from the 
British attack of the 26th. Relieved immediately after this engagement and reor- 
ganized. 

8. November 2 the division went back into line south of Passchendaele, but did 
not have any serious actions. 

9. November 10, relieved and sent to rest. 
Cotes de Meuse. 

10. From November 18 to January 12, 1918, the division held the sector Chauvon- 
court-Seuzey north of St. Mihiel. It took part in no infantry actions. 

RECRUITING. 

The whole of the Bavarian country. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

This division may be considered good. It took part on the Eastern and Western 
Fronts in a large number of battles, "Przemysl, Verdun, Argesul, Filipesci" (speech 
of William II), and did well everywhere (January, 1918). 

1918. 
Louvre. 

1. The 11th Bavarian Division remained in the Seuzey sector, resting and being 
reconstituted, until relieved by the 82d Reserve Division on January 12. 

2. About the middle of February it relieved the 1st Division in the Etain sector. 
This, too, was a very quiet sector and the division was not identified by contact. It 
was relieved about March 27 by the 10th Landwehr Division, and remained in rear 
of the Verdun front for a fortnight. It is probable that it was trained during this 
period, but the fact has never been definitely established. 

Armentieres. 

3. The division was then sent to the Armentieres front, where it relieved the 214th 
Division in the Neuve Eglise sector (northwest of Armentieres) April 13-14. Here it 
took part in very heavy fighting, especially south of Mount Kemmel, and suffered 
heavy losses as a result. It was withdrawn on the 26th of April, and proceeded to 
the area northeast of Ghent, detraining at Wachtebeke on the 29th. Here it was 
brought up to strength and reviewed by the King of Bavaria on May 20. 

SOISSONS. 

4. About June 3 the division left the Ghent region; it was identi^ed in rear of the 
front in the region of Soissons on June 9. A few days later it reinforced the front 
near Coeuvres (southwest of Soissons). It was relieved by the 14th Division on 
June 21. 

5. After resting immediately in rear of the front, it suffered severe losses from bom- 
bardment by gas shells during this period. The division came back into line in the 
Courmelles sector (south of Soissons) about July 15. July 18 it lost over 2,400 in pris- 
oners alone. It was withdrawn about July 22. 

Ypres. 

6. The division rested for about a month. It was reconstituted, it being found 
necessary to dissolve one company in each battalion. August 26 the division relieved 

125651°— 20 14 



210 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

the 49th Reserve Division east of Boesinghe (northwest of Ypres). It fought, taking 
part in the general retirement, until withdrawn October 2, after losing more than 500 
prisoners. 
Ghent. 

7. The division reinforced the front near Beveren (southwest of Ghent), and had 
not been withdrawn up to the time the armistice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 11th Bavarian is rated as being in the first of four classes of divisions. It 
fought well during 1918, but not brilliantly. Its losses were heavy, but not in com- 
parison with other German divisions. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 211 



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HISTORY. 

(6th Corps District — ^Upper Silesia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. The 12th Division, forming with the 11th Division the 6th Army Corps (Breslau), 
formed a part of the 5th Army (German Crown Prince) at the beginning of the war, 
took part in the battle of August 22 at Rossignol les Bulles, entered France August 24, 
passed the Meuse above Mouzon on August 28, and took part in the battle on Sep- 
tember 7 at Laheycourt and Villotte near Louppy. 

Champagne. 

2. After the battle of the Mame it was engaged (Sept. 21) at Berru and at Nogent 
I'Abbesse (east of Rheims). It remained on the Rheims front until the middle of 
June, 1915. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. In April the 12th Division gave the 157th Infantry Regiment to the 117th Divi- 
sion, a new formation. 

2. Toward the middle of June, 1915, the 6th Army Corps was relieved on the Rheims 
front and transferred to Artois. The 12th Division then occupied a sector to the south 
of Souchez, from which it was relieved toward the end of September. In the Souchez 
sector it took part in some very heavy engagements (1st to the 16th of July). 

3. After a rather short rest period in the region of Cambrai, the division took its 
position in the sector which crosses the Somme (during the first half of October). 

1916. 
Somme. 

1. On the 1st of July, 1916, the 12th Division received the entire weight of the 
English attack north of the Somme (sectors Contalmaison-Hardecourt) and suffered 
very heavily (losses 61.5 per cent). 

2. It was relieved on July 12 and reorganized in the vicinity of Cambrai. 

3. About the 20th of July the 12th Division again took part in the battle, of the 
Somme (in the sector northeast of Poziferes), where it suffered heavy losses. 

4. About the 9th of August it was relieved, and on the 2l8t went into the calm 
sector of Monchy aux Bois (south of Arras), which it held until October 16. 
Ancre. 

5. The 12th Division then held (Oct. 25 to Nov. 19) the sector north of the Ancre 
(Beaumont-Hamel) and suffered heavy losses (Nov. 14). 

6. It was transferred to Champagne and took over the sector of Prunay on Decem- 
ber 12. 

Russia. 

7. At the end of December it was relieved from this quiet sector and entrained 
on December 28, at Warmeriville for the Russian front by the route Aix la Chapelle- 
Cologne-Hanover-Luneburg-Hamburg-Stettin-Konigsberg-Tilsit-Chavli-Ponieviej. 
It detrained southwest of Illuxt on January 2, 1917. 

1917. 

1. On the Russian front the 12th Division did not take part in any important bat- 
tles. (Sector in the region of Dwinsk.) 

France. 

2. ReUevedabouttheendofMay, 1917,itret;imedto the Western Front. Itinerary: 
Jelowka (May 27) -Insterburg-Posen-Leipzig-Weimar-Cologne-Saarbrucken. De- 
trained at Metz Jime 3 andreentrainedonthe9that Arssur Moselle for Mouscron, by 
way of Metz-Luxemburg-Namur-Toumai, and detrained at Gheluwe. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 213 

1917. 

3. It remained in reserve first on the Wytschaete-Meseines front, and then (Aug. 1) 
relieved the 22d Reserve Division in the sector east of Klein-Zillebeke after the 
Franco-British attack. In this sector the division did not engage in battle but suffered 
greatly from artillery bombardments. 

Italy. 

4. It was relieved on August 20 and transferred to Alsace for reorganization and 
rest. It remained in the region west of B^le until the end of September. It was 
then sent to the Italian front, to the 14th German Army, where it was engaged in 
the Tolmino sector on October 25, and relieved on the Piave about the 8th of December. 

France. 

5. The I2th Division was brought back from Italy to the French front about Decem- 
ber 25. At the beginning of January, 1918, it was in the neighborhood of Zabem. 

RECRUITING. 

The I2th Division is recruited from Upper Silesia, a great mining and industrial 
center, which suffices to insure its own full recruiting and even helps out other dis- 
tricts less populated or temporarily below strength. The sending of these men out- 
side of the district has the advantage of reducing, in its own regiments, the Polish 
element, which dominates in Upper Silesia. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 12th Division fought well at the Somme. 

It appears to have been reorganized during its stay at Zabern (January, 1918). It 
has always been considered a good division. 

1918. 
Lorraine. 

1. On January 24 the 12th division entered the Domevre sector, relieving the 
233d Division. It was relieved on February 20 and went to rest and train in Alsace. 
On March 18 it entrained at Froeschweiler and moved to Ath, from where it marched 
to the Gory-Belloune area, south of Douai (a march of 40 miles). 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. On the 23d the division moved to Drury and up the Cambrai- Arras road to 
Vis en Artois, coming into line on the night of March 23-24. It attacked on the 24th, 
but was held up by the British artillery fire. It remained in line until April 1, 
making .little progress in spite of heavy and costly fighting. 

Battle of the Lys. 

3. The division rested in the suburbs of Douai until mid-April. It was engaged 
northeast of Merris on the 17th. It appears to have received replacements in the 
interim. The division passed into the second line on May 18, after suffering especially 
heavy losses. In recognition of the service of the 12th Division, south of Arras and 
in the Lys battle. Gen. Lequis, the division commander, received the Order of Merit 
in May. 

4. The division was at rest near Renaix ^ (Belgium) from May 29 to July 12. It 
entrained at Audenarde on the 12th and moved to Perenchies (via Coutrai and Lille). 

Meteren. 

5. The division was engaged south of Meteren on the night of July 19-20; here it 
remained until August 28. In a local operation on August 18 the division lost 300 
prisoners, otherwise the sector was quiet. 



214 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Battle of Cambrai. 

6. It entrained near Armentieres on August 28 and went to a point north of Douai 
(Le Forest). It was engaged southeast of Morchies on September 3, and in the days 
following was driven back on Inchy en Artois, Marquion (3d to 13th). By the end of 
September it had passed Bourlon, Epinoy, Aubencheul au Bac, and Fressies. The 
division was relieved about October 6. The division lost more than 1,100 prisoners. 

7. It was reengaged on October 11 southeast of Armentieres. It retreated by Lille 
(Oct. 20) east of Tourcoing, and at Helchin. On the 25th it was relieved. 

8. On November 3 it was again in Kne east of Joulain and remained until the armis- 
tice. In withdrawing the diAOsion passed Maresches, Jenlain, Autreppe, and Blangies. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. It was actively engaged in the 
spring offensives and did well. After the middle of July it was almost constantly 
engaged in hard defensive fighting. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 215 



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HISTORY. 

12th Reserve Division: (6th Corps District — Silesia). 

1914. 

The 12th Reserve Division formed, with the 11th Reserve Division, the 6th Re- 
serve Corps, formed in Silesia at the time of mobilization. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

1. At the outbreak of the war, the division detrained at Sarrebruecken;^ fought in 
the neighborhood of Arrancy from the 22d to the 25th of August; remained at Man- 
giennes from the 27th to the 30th; crossed the Meuse on September 1; was beaten back 
with heavy losses on September 2 near Cierges; was at Rarecourt on the 7th and near 
Triaucourt on the 9th; spread out to the east of the Argonne upon Gercourt (11th 
to the 13th) and Montfaucon (Sept. 17). 

2. At the end of September to the end of October took up its position east of Va- 
rennes in the district of Malancourt-Chattancourt and toward the end of October 
took its final position north of Bethencourt (southeast of Cuisy-Bois de Forges). 

3. The division occupied this sector until the German offensive upon Verdun 
(end of February, 1916). 

1915. 

1. January to December, 1915, sector north of Bethencourt-Bois de Forges. 

In April the 27th Infantry Regiment Reserve was transferred to the il7th Division, 
a new formation. 

2. In September, 1915, elements of the 12th Reserve Division (battalion of the 
23d Reserve Infantry Regiment) were detached in Champagne (Main de Massiges) 
to reinforce divisions engaged in fighting. 

1916. 

1. At the end of February, when the Verdun offensive began, the 12th Reserve 
Division stall held the line in the region of Bois de Forges. 

Verdun. 

2. On the 6th of March, 1916, the division went into action; it took the village of 
Forges and, on March 10, the Corbeaux wood. It vainly attacked the Mort Homme. 

3. It was withdrawn from the Verdun front in the middle of May, after suffering 
heavy losses (71 per cent of its infantry). It was first at rest in the Thionville region, 
and then in reserve in the Cambrai region, at the beginning of June. 

SOMME. 

4. On July 2 it took part in the battle of the Somme (sector of Montauban- 
Hardecourt). It counterattacked near the Tronea wood and suffered very heavy 
losses. It was relieved about July 14, completely exhausted. (On the 10th of 
July not a single oflficer remained in the 2d Battalion of the 38th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment (letter). From the 17th of March to the 5th of July the 5th Company of 
the 23d Reserve Infantry Regiment received no less than 326 men as replacements). 

5. On July 15 it was sent to rest in the Manancourt region. Elements of the divi- 
sion still remained in line, along the Somme near Guillemont, until August 1. 
Flanders. 

6. From the beginning of August until September 26-27, the 12th Reserve Di- 
vision occupied a sector north of the Lys, near Armenti^res (Wameton-Messines), 
where it once more suffered losses. 

Somme. 

7. At the end of September the division waa once more on the Somme front 
(Barleux-Berny). It remained there until the beginning of November without 
suffering any great losses. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 217 

Artois. 

8. Transferred to Artois, it went into line on Vimy Ridge (sector Vimy-Roclincourt) 
at the beginning of December. It suffered fairly heavy losses. At the present time, 
17 per cent of the prisoners from the 51st Reserve Infantry Regiment belong to the 
1917 class. 

1917. 

1. The 12th Reserve Division remained on the Vimy front until February 27, 
1917. 

2. It was resting in the Avesnes region during the month of March. 

3. From April 9-12 to May 24 it held the lines between Itancourt and the Oiee. 
St. Quentin. 

4. After a fortnight's rest in the Guise region, it occupied (from the beginning of 
June to Aug. 6-8), the St. Quentin sector (south of Fayet). 

Flanders. 

5. On August 7 the division entrained for Flanders, at Fresnoy le Grand. Dis- 
embarking near Coiurtrai, it was first in reserve near Passchendaele. A few of the 
elements of the division engaged in battle at Langemarck on the 17th of August. 
It was in line in the St. Julien sector (northeast of Ypres) on August 20, and relieved 
on August 24, after suffering heavy losses. 

St. Quentin. ; 

6. In rest at Origny, from August 29 to September 9, the division then occupied 
the sector southwest of St. Quentin (Sept. 9 to Nov. 11-12). 

It left at this latter date to occupy the front south of Passchendaele until the middle 
of February, 1918, being relieved several times in the interval. 

RECRUITING. 

Silesia, especially Upper Silesia. In 1916, following the losses suffered at Verdun, 
a great number of the replacement troops consisted of men from the 3d and 4th Corps 
Districts (Brandenburg and Prussian Saxony) and of the 1916 class, and of returned 
convalescents of the 9th and 10th Corps Districts (Schleswig-Holstein and Hanover). 
This measure was not only dictated by necessity, but contributed to counterbalance 
the original Polish element. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

At Ypres (August, 1917), a certain number of men of the 51st Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment refused to go into the trenches; according to prisoners, desertions to the rear 
were frequent, especially among the younger men. 

The combat morale of the 12th Reserve Division may, however, have been re- 
stored during its long stay in the relatively quiet sector of St. Quentin (September 
to November, 1917). 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1. On February 4 the division relieved the 12th Reserve Division in the Moorslede 
sector which it held until February 14. 

Lens. 

2. It was relieved by the 31st Division and moved south to relieve the 17th Division 
on night of February 17-18. It held this front until about April 10, when it was re- 
lieved by the 9th Reserve Division. 

Battle of the Lys. 

3. The division reinforced the battle front at Neuve Eglise on April 13 and fought 
until about April 25, suffering heavy losses. One company of the 51st Reserve 
Regiment was reduced to 9 men. 



218 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

4. Upon relief, the division returned to its former sector near Lens, "where it was 
identified near Avion on April 27. It remained here until June 14, when it moved 
north and entered the line northeast of Hinges on June 17-18. About August 6, the 
division was relieved by the 1st Guard Reserve Division. 

Arras. 

5. It moved to Douai and rested until its return to line near Ecoust on night of 
August 20-31 to resist the British attack. Before its withdrawal on the 11th it had 
lost nearly 900 prisoners. 

Lens. 

6. The division rested at Cambrai during September and reentered the Lens sector 
on October 2. During October it was engaged at Noyelles (11th) Wattines (19th), 
and Rumignies (21st). It appears to have been out of line for a few days, returning 
on the night of November 3-4 west of Orsiaval. It was at Wargnies le Petit (5th), 
St. Waast la Vallee (6th), Bavai (7th), northeast of Taisnieres (9th), and Villers St. 
Guislain (11th). 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It appears to have been used principally 
as a sector-holding division on moderately active fronts. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 219 















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HISTORY. 

(56t]i Landwehr Regiment: 7th Corps District — ^Westphalia. 87th Landwehr 
Regiment: 18th Corps District — ^Hesse. 436th Landwehr Regiment: 15th Corps 
District — ^Alsace.) 

1915. 
Alsace. 

1. The 12th Landwehr Division was formed toward the end of April, 1915, with the 
elements of the Landwehr, which were distributed along the Alsatian front, between 
the Fecht and the district of Cernay, and which were assigned to the Fuchs Division 
at the time of the attacks upon Hartmannswillerkopf (March-April). The active 
brigade of the Fuchs Division having left the Vosges for Champagne, the 12th Land- 
wehr Division grouped these elements of the Landwehr and occupied until May, 1917, 
the sectors included between the valley of Munster and Cernay. On the 21st of 
December, 1915, the 14th Jager Battalion, attached to the division, lost at Hart- 
mannswillerkopf 840 killed, wounded, and missing (official list of casualties), and was 
withdrawn to be reorganized in Belgium. 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1. Sector Guebwiller-Cernay. 

At the end of September, 1916, the 40th Landwehr Regiment left the 12th Land- 
wehr Division to be assigned to the 33d Division. It was replaced by the 436th Land- 
wehr Regiment, which had been formed in May of the preceding year. 

In October the battalions of Jagers and of the riflemen of the guard and the 9th Bat- 
talion of Jagers, attached to the 12th Landwehr Division, were sent to Macedonia. 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1. January-May, 1917. Sector Munster-Cernay. 

G ALICIA. 

2. Relieved on the Alsatian front about the middle of May, the 12th Landwehr 
Division was transferred to Galicia. Itinerary: Cernay-Strassborg-Karlsruhe- 
Ludwigsburg-Munich, Salzburg- Vienna-Lemberg-Zloczow. 

3. It occupied the sector south of Brody and northwest of Zalosce until the begin- 
ning of 1918. It took part in the attacks of July, 1917. 

In the course of the final months of 1917 the 12th Landwehr DiAdsion had numerous 
troops taken to fill up units on the Western Front or to be sent to the 227th Divi- 
sion, 197th Division, or the 33d Reserve Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 12th Landwehr Division, which was on the Alsatian front until May, 1917 and 
then in Galicia, appears to be of mediocre quality. 

1918. 

1. The histoiy of the component elements of this division after their arrival on the 
Western Front is uncertain. Between March and June the 56th Landwehr Regiment 
was in the 6th Army, the 436th Landwehr Regiment was in the 2d Army, and the 
87th Landwehr Regiment was in the 18th Army, The men of these units were assigned 
to various kinds of police work, guarding prisoners, etc. The staff of the division 
during this period was believed to be in Finland. About July 15 the division had 
been announced as dissolved by the French, British, and American general head- 
quarters. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 221 

Alsace. 

2. On August 7 the 87th Landwehr Regiment and the 436th Landwehr Regiment 
were joined as infantry under the 2l8t Landwehr Brigade Staff, Gen. Hoffman, of the 
14th Landwehr Division. The 56th Landwehr Regiment was also identified in this 
region and the division was regarded as reconstituted in October. 

3. Later identifications disclosed that the regiments were not forming a division 
but were acting independently. The division was again classed as dissolved about 
the middle of October. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a third-class division. 



222 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 223 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 

1916. 

It was formed about the middle of the summer of 1916. It was assembled in July, 
1916, at Grafenwoehr Camp (Bavaria), and remained until the end of Jidy in the 
Valley of the Fecht, and then entrained for the Roumanian front in October. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. Composed of the 26th, 27th, and 28th Bavarian Regiments, the division took part 
in the Roumanian campaign and fought in the region of Campolung (October-November, 
1916). 

2. In December it took part in the operations north of the road Buzeu-Rimnicu- 
Sarat. 

1917. 

FOCSANI. 

1. Beginning with January, 1917, the 12th Bavarian Division remained in line north 
of Focsani. 

2. In August it took part in the attacks launched against the Roumanians north of 
Focsani (from Batinesci to the Sereth) and suffered very heavy losses. 

Panciu. 

3. Sent to rest after these engagements, it came back into line at the end of Septem- 
ber, south of Panciu (Marasesti District). 

4. In December it was in reserve in the Focsani District. 

. RECRUITING. 

The division is recruited from the whole of Bavaria. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

It was on the Roumanian front from October, 1916. Its combat value is mediocre, 

1918. 

1. The division entrained at Ploesci on April 30 and traveled via Bucharest-Craiova- 
Budapest-Dresden-Frankfurt on the Main-Mainz-Mezieres to a station between 
Mezieres and Rethel, where it detrained after a journey of nine days. It rested near 
Vieil St. Remy (20 kilometers southeast of Mezieres), until May 24, when it marched 
toward the Aisne by Chateau Porcien, Asfeld, Avaux, and Neufchatel. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

2. The division crossed the old line near Berry au Bac on May 28 and followed the 
advance through Roucy, Montigny sur Vesle and Lagery. It was engaged on the 30th 
near Ville en Tardenois, with the Marne between Damery and Cumieres as its final 
objective. In that sector it stayed until July 13-14. Losses were heavy about the 
end of May and the 1st of June. 

3. It was in reserve in the same sector on the 15th behind the 22d Division, on the 
17th it attacked and until the end of July took part in the struggle for Epernay, toward 
which the division got as far as the Bois Courton. 

4. Upon its relief on July 26 the division marched to the Ligny en Cambresis area in 
stages. There it rested until August 29, when it entrained at Solesmes and traveled 
via Valenciennes-Condes-Ath-Ghent to Roubaix. After two days' rest it reentrained 
and was railed via Courtrai to Isegheim, relieving the 6th Cavalry Division east of 
Ypres on the night of August 31-September 1. 



224 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

5. In tMs sector the division sustained an attack by the British on September 28. 
It was thrown back on Moorslede with a loss of 3,000 prisoners. The division was 
relieved on October 1. 

6. The division rested at Roubaix until October 17, when it retin-ned to line south- 
east of Herseaux. It continued in this region until the armistice. The last identifica- 
tion was at Cordes. 

VALUE — 1918 KSTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a third-class division. Its morale appears to have been low 
in the summer and fall of 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 225 



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226 DIVISIONS OE GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7tli Corps District — ^Westphalia.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1. The 13th Division, forming with the 14th Division the 7th Army Corps, was a 
part, at the outbreak of the war, of the 2d Army (Von Buelow). It entrained in the 
vicinity of Eupen from the 9th to the 11th of August, and the 25th Brigade took part 
in the final operations of the siege of Liege. After the fall of this place the division 
reassembled, passed through Wavre, Nivelles, Seneffe, crossed the Sambre below 
Thuin (battle of Charleroi), entered France on August 25, and left the 26th Brigade 
in front of Maubeuge, where it remained until the city was taken (Sept. 7). 
Champagne. 

2. The 25th Brigade, going forward, fought east of St. Quentin on the 29th, and 
was at Montmirail on September 6, where it took part in the battle of the Marne. 
After the 26th Brigade was released it reached Laon on the 10th, and on the 12th the 
entire 13th Division went into position north of Hheims, forming a part of the 7th 
Army (Von Heeringen) . It remained there until the end of the month. 

Artois. 

3. At the beginning of October the 13th Division was transferred to Artois, where 
it remained until the end of March, 1916. It fought in the sector Angres-Souchez in 
October and November, in that of Fromelles-Aubers in November and December. 

1915. 
Artois. 

In March and in June, 1915, the division underwent two heavy attacks at Neuve 
Chapelle and at Festubert. The battles from the 6th to the 29th of March, 1915, 
cost the 13th Infantry Regiment 21 officers and 1,301 noncommissioned officers in 
killed, wounded, and missing. (Official list of Prussian casualties.) 

In March the division transferred the 158th Infantry Regiment to the 50th Diidsion, 
a new formation.. 

1916. 
Verdun (Hill 304). 

1. Relieved at the end of March, 1916, the 13th Division was sent to rest in the 
Cambrai area. 

2. About the 5th of June the division entrained and was sent to the Verdun area 
by way of Montmedy-Stenay. It went into line in the sector of Hill 304, which it 
occupied until the month of September. 

SOMME. 

3. Transferred to the Somme, it took part in the battle on September 12 (south of 
Vouchavesnes-Clery sur Somme). It suffered heavy losses there which necessitated 
its being relieved on September 19. 

4. It was quickly reorganized in the Dun area and put back in the sector of Hill 
304 (Oct. 10). 

1917. 

1. The 13th Division remained in line at Hill 304 until the middle of May, 1917. 
It was then relieved in this area and sent to the Aisne, where it remained at rest for 
three weeks near Laon. 

Chemin des Dames. 

2. On the 9th of June it began to take over the sector of Cerny. It launched an 
important attack on July 31 upon the Deimling salient, but was not able to retain 
the ground won. On August 2-3 it attacked again, but without success. The 13th 
and 15th Infantry Regiments each lost 600 men. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 227 

St. Gobain. 

3. The 13th Division, very much exhausted, was relieved during the night of 
August 3-4. It was transferred by railroad to the St. Gobain area without having 
time to fill up its regiments, and went into line in the Deuillet-Servais sector, which 
it held from August 10 to September 17. 

La Malmaison. 

4. It was at rest in the area of Crepy en Laonnois (Sept. 20 to Oct. 11). The division 
was filled up from the recruit depots of neighboring divisions, although they were 
not Westphalians (5th Reserve Division, 29th Division, and 103d Division). About 
the 11th of October it again went into line on the Chemin des Dames east of Laffaux 
mill. Beginning with October 15, it suffered heavy losses from our artillery prepa- 
ration. On the 23d it underwent the French attack. (Losses: 47 officers and 1,548 
men prisoners, including 2 regimental commanders, a third being killed.) The divi- 
sion may be considered as exhausted at the Mennejean Farm. 

5. It was sent to the Sedan area and reorganized. About November 10 it received 
1,000 men from Russia as replacements (men at least 35 years of age). 

Meuse. 

6. About December 18 it occupied the sector of the Bois de Malancourt-Haucourt 
(and was still there on Jan, 23, 1918). 

RECRUITING. 

The 13th Division is a Westphalian Division, in addition to contingents from the 
two principalities of Lippe. These were even mentioned with honor in the German 
communique of July 1, 1917, a thing which would ordinarily be sufficient to identify 
the division. 

It is manifest, however, that in 1917 the provincial character of the di^dsion had 
been very much changed. The replacements of September (1918 class) were taken 
from the recruit depots nearby (5th Reserved Di\ision, 29th Di\ision, 103d Division), 
and introduced, especially in the 15th Infantry Regiment, men from Brandenburg, 
Baden, and Thuringia. Some Westphalians came in October, but they were mostly 
older men (classes 1892 to 1903 of the Landstunn), coming from Landsturm battalion 
of the 7th Corps District. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In the Somme battle (September, 1916) the 13th Division put up a vigorous defense 
and did not yield any ground. 

On the Aisne (June- July, 1916) its combat value was just as great; it attacked vig- 
orously and put up a stubborn resistance to our counterattacks. Besides that, it is 
mentioned in the German communiques: September, 1916, for its valor on the Somme, 
December 20, 1916, and January 25, 1917 (Hill 304); January 29, 1917, the 15th and 
the 13th Infantry Regiments are praised for their heroic resistance. It may be con- 
sidered as a good division. 

It must be noticed, however, that on October 23, on the Chemin des Dames, in 
spite of stringent orders to hold its position, the 13th Division put up very little resist- 
ance; units surrendered en masse with their officers. 

The 55th Infantry Regiment is probably only of mediocre worth since its recon- 
struction after the battle of Malmaison. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved from the Verdun front about February 6 and went 
to rest in the A-icinity of Arlon, and after February 15 at Valenciennes and Mons. 
It inarched to the Somme front in four nights, and then rested at Clary for two days. 



228 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. On March 21 it was in reserve of the 18th Division, during the advance toward 
Eoisel. It was partially engaged on the 22d and 23d north of Marquaix and Peronne. 
Two days later the entire division was engaged north of the Somme, and on the 28th 
it passed to reserve near Morlancourt until April 4, when it returned to the battle 
front for four days, fighting at Dernancoiut. Again the division retired to the second 
line, and was relieved on the 11th. The losses of the division in this offensive were 
about 40 per cent of its effectives. 

AVRE. 

3. After 10 days' rest (near Maricourt-Carnoy until the 18th and Caix until the 22d) 
during which it was reconstituted with returned wounded and 1919 recruits, it 
returned to line on the Avre (Castel) on April 23. The division executed attacks on 
HUl 82 and on Hailles on April 24. Other local attacks occurred on May 2 and 14. 
It was relieved on May 18. A further draft of 1,300 men was received on May 3. 
Third Battle of the Somme. 

4. The division rested near Montdidier in June, probably at Moreuil. On July 1 
it relieved the 77th Keserve Division northeast of Villers-Bretonneux. The British 
attack on the Somme threw the division back on Mericourt with a loss of 2,769 pris- 
oners. On August 12 it was withdraAvn. 

5. It was in reserve near Mericourt during the middle of August. On the 24th 
it was reengaged east of Albert (Bazentin). About the 30th it was withdrawn. The 
total loss in prisoners was 3,400. 

Alsace.' 

6. The division was moved to Alsace for a rest. It entrained at Schlestadt on 
September 29 and was moved by Strasbourg, Metz, and Sedan. 

Battle op the Argonne. 

7. It went into line at Monthois-Challerange on September 30, remain in g until 
October 3, when it went into support near Morel until the 8th, when it fell back toward 
Bourcq. 

8. It was in support between Landres-Saint George and Bantheville on the 15th. 
It was engaged on the American front on the 16th in the Nantheville region. It was 
in line until the 30th, when it passed to reserve, but returned to line on the 2d. It 
continued to hold a sector until the armistice. An epidemic of Spanish fever greatly 
reduced the number of effectives in all the regiments. The 13th Regiment had less 
than 200 effectives at the end of October. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a first-class division. Its performance was excellent in 
the March offensive, but after that it took no special part in any offensive. At the 
armistice the division had been used up through losses and sickness. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAIT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 229 























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230 DIVISTONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR; 

HISTORY. 

(7th Corps District — ^Westphalia.) 

1914. 

At the beginning of the war the 13th Reserve Division and the 14th Reserve Divi- 
sion formed the 7th Reserve Corps. 

Maubeuge-Aisne. 

1. Assigned to the 2d German Army, the 13th Reserve Division arrived at Lifege 
immediately after the city and the forts were taken (Aug. 14); reached Namur on 
the 25th, and took part in the siege and taking of Maubeuge. When it was released 
from this place it was quickly transferred to the front north of the Aisne; fought in 
the neighborhood of Pontavert-Craonne on September 15; fought near Cerny on the 
16th, and took its position on the front of Braye-Cerny en Laonnois at the end of 
September. 

2. On November 3 some elements of the division were engaged at Vailly. 

3. The division occupied the sector of Braye en Laonnois until October, 1915. 

1915. 

1. January-October, 1915, the division occupied the sector Braye en Laonnois- 
Cerny. 

2. At the end of October the 13th Reserve Division was relieved in the Laon area 
and transferred to the north, between Charleroi and Valenciennes. After a period 
of training in November and December, it entrained, about December 25, for the 
Verdun front. 

1916. 

1. At the beginning of January, 1916, the division was concentrated in the neigh- 
borhood of Damvillers (right bank of the Meuse). In January and February it was 
occupied in preparations for an attack. 

Verdun. 

2. Beginning with February 21 some elements were engaged near Haumont, near 
Haumont wood. It took part in battles, from February 23 until March 10, in the 
region of Samogneux (sector of Vacherauville-Haudremont and Cote du Poivre). It 
lost 51 per cent of its infantry there. 

3. From the middle of March to the 24th of October it occupied the same sector 
of Haudremont (west of Douaumont), and only took part in a few local engagements. 
It underwent the French attack on October 24 and suffered heavily. 

4. Until December it held the sector included between the road of Louvemont-Bras 
and the Chaufour wood. It was relieved between December 8 and 12 and sent to 
rest in the Marville-Longuyon area. 

5. Transferred to Champagne (Dec. 22-24), it went into line east of Rheims (Nogent 
I'Abbesse) about the 29th. 

1917. 

1. The division held the sector at Rheims (east of La Pomelle) until May 20, 1917. 

Champagne. 

2. Concentrated, at this date, in the neighborhood of Epoye, it relieved the ex- 
hausted 242d Division at Cornillet (south of Nauroy). It went into action between 
Mont Cornillet and Mont Haut (about the end of May). 

3. Between June 8 and 15 it returned into line in its former sector east of Rheims 
(south of Cernay), where it made several surprise attacks. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 231 

Verdun. 

4. Relieved about the end of August from the Rheims front, it was sent, after a 
few days of rest, to the right bank of the Mouse. On September 24 it attacked east 
of Beaumont, in the Bois le Chaume, and suffered very hea\'y losses. It made another 
attack on October 10 in the same sector, which it held until October 12-13. 

5. It was sent to rest (Biiey area) in the second half of October. In November it 
appeared on the front east of Verdun, where it was speedily relieved. 

RECRUITING. 

The division is recruited from Westphalia. In the course of 1917, however, a great 
number of its replacements came from other districts than Westphalia (9th, 10th, 11th 
Corps Districts). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 13th Reserve Division appears to be of mediocre quality. 

It suffered heavy losses at Verdun. It showed very little brilliance there. During 
the French attack of October 24, 1916, it offered little resistance to the hostile troops. 

On the Rheims front (January to May, 1917) it did not take part in any operation. 
Quite a large number of men who were captured in the course of raids in this sector 
surrendered with little resistance. 

However, the 13th Reserve Division did not furnish a single prisoner or deserter 
during its second stay southeast of Rheims (from June 15 to the beginning of Sep- 
tember), and on the Verdun front it showed itself quite active (September to October). 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Avrocourt wood sector by the Bavarian Ersatz 
Division on the night of April 5-6 and Avent into rest billets at Villers near Montmedy. 
On the 16th it entrained at a station near Montmedy and traveled via Carignan- 
Sedan-Charleville-Givet-Dinant-Namur-Charleroi - Ath - Melle - Ghent - Deyuze to 
Thielt, where it detrained at 1 a. m. on April 19. After 10 days' rest at Coolscamp 
the division marched to Getsberg, and was to have gone into line in the Dixmude 
sector on April 22, but was suddenly entrained and moved via Roulers to Beythem. 
From there it marched to the Ledeghem area and rested until April 24, when it 
marched into line northwest of Wytschaete via Menin-Wervecq and Comines. 

Ypres. 

2. The division was engaged in the attack on Voormezeele on April 25. After three 
days' heavy fighting it was relieved by the 49th Reserve Division. After a few days 
in the second line the division came back and relieved the 49th Reserve Division. 
It remained in line until May 11. From the 11th to the 28th the division rested out 
of line. It was again engaged on May 28 southwest of Merris. It was relieved about 
June 12. 

Merris. 

3. The division went to rest in the area east of Bruges and later northwest of Ghent. 
It returned to its former sector west of Merris on July 9, relieving the 4th Bavarian 
Division. It held the sector until July 27 when its heavy losses at Meteren caused 
its relief by the 4th Division. Between the 27th and August 18 the division rested 
in the Douai area. 

Ypres-Belgium. 

4. In line the lSth-19th, it relieved the 35th Division in the sector east of Merckem. 
Here the division continued until September 29, when it was withdrawn from the 
line north of Staden after the loss of 1,500 prisoners and severe casualties. It rested 
two weeks, and on October 14 returned to the battle front at Cortemarck. It fought 



232 DIVISIONS OF GERMAIvr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

until the 20th, when it retired for 10 days' rest in rear of the line. On the 30th it 
was reengaged near Deynze. The German communique of November 1 and 2 men- 
tioned the 57th and 13th Reserve Regiments for their good work. The division was 
in line until the armistice. It was last identified at Nazareth on November 3. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 13th Reserve Division was rated as a first-class division. In 1918 it was almost 
wholly engaged in Belgium, taking a prominent part in the Armentiers offensive in 
April, and in the defense in October. 



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234 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(15th Landwehr Regiment: 7th Corps District — Westphalia. 60th Landwehr Regi- 
ment: 21st Corps District — Lorraine. 82d Landwehr Regiment: 11th Corps Dis- 
trict — Thuringia . ) 

1915. 

Lorraine. 

1. The 13th Landwehr Division was formed in Lorraine about the middle of May, 
1915. It was made up at this time of the 61st Reserve Brigade (60th Reserve Land- 
sturm Battalions, Cassel and Mayence) and of the 60th Landwehr Brigade (the 60th 
Landwehr Regiment, and the 61st Landwehr Regiment). These elements were 
already in line on the Lorraine front before the formation of the division. The 71st 
Landwelir Regiment had been sent on August 10, 1914 (with the 82d Landwehr Regi- 
ment) to Strassburg as a garrison. The 60th Landwehr Regiment, beginning on 
August 11, was guarding the railroads of Lower Aleace. The 60th Infantry Regiment 
had been engaged in August in the Vosges. 

2. The 13th Landwehr Division occupied the sector between Abaucourt and the 
Bezange woods from May, 1915, to February, 1917. Except for a few raids, it remained 
on the defensive during this long period. 

3. At the end of June, 1915, the 82d Landwehr Regiment replaced the 60th Reserve 
Regiment. 

In December the 15th Landwehr Regiment, which had formed the garrison of 
Thionville at the outbreak of the war, and was in the Vosgea after a stay near Mor- 
hange, replaced the two battalions of Landsturm (which had been formed into the 
115th Landsturm Regiment in July) sent to Serbia. 

1916. 

Lorraine. 

1. In 1916 the division held the sector Abaucourt-Bezange wood. 
In August the 9th Jager Battalion entrained for Galicia. 

2. On September 15, 1916, the staff of the 61st Reserve Brigade and the 71st Land- 
wehr Regiment were transferred to the 215th Division, a new formation. The 13th 
Landwehr Division then received its definite organization : 15th Landwehr Regiment, 
60th Landwehr Regiment, 82d Landwehr Regiment (4 battalions each). 

1917. 

Lorraine. 

1. Relieved on the Lorraine front in the beginning of February, 1917, the 13th 
Landwehr Division was concentrated in the Chateau Salins front, entrained about 
the middle of February and sent by way of Metz-Longuyon-Montmedy-Sedan-Laon 
to the neighborhood of La Fere. It detrained at Versigny. One battalion was taken 
from each of its regiments to form tte 328th Landwehr Regiment, destined to be a 
part of the 25th Landwehr Division. 

2. Until March 18 the 13th Landwehr Division did work along the line Moy-La 
Fere-Fresne, where the German withdrawal was stopped. 

FoRET DE St. Gobain. 

3. On March 19, placed on the east bank of the Ailette, it covered the retreat of 
the 45th Reserve Division, and at the beginning of April occupied the sector Fresnes- 
Premontre, where it was relieved about the 1st of May. 

OiSE La Fere. 

4. After a fortnight's rest in the forest of St. Gobain, it went back into line on the 
front south of Alaincourt north of Deuillet (May 16). It occupied the sector of the 
left bank of the Oise until the offensive of March, 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 235 



VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 



The 13th Landwehr Division is apparently considered by the German High Com- 
mand as fit only to occupy a quiet sector (February, 1918). 

Shock troops have been formed from its regiments, but the men appear to have 
been trained for patrol work rather than for making genuine assaults. 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1. The division was relieved about March 24, It passed the night at Versigny, and 
on the 25th reached Laon, passing by Crepy and Aulnois. 

Laon. 

2. On the 26th the division came into line south of Laon, relieving the 75th Eeserve 
Division. It was engaged about Chevregny, Chavignon, and Urcil until May 27. 

3. It did not advance in the Aisne offensive. The attacking divisions passed 
through, and it was withdrawn and transported to Lorraine at the beginning of June. 

Battle of St. Mihiel. 

It entered the line in the Woevre in the Combres Les Eparges sector about the 
1st of June and continued to hold the front until the armistice. In the American 
attack on the St. Mihiel salient the division lost about 800 men, principally prisoners. 
It was pushed back to Champion and Marcheville, which sector it held until Novem- 
ber 11. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated a^ a fourth-class division. It was an inferior sector-holding 
unit of mediocre morale. 



236 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH I>ARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 237 

HISTORY. 

(7th Corps District — ^Westphalia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1. The 14th Division was mobilized, at the outbreak of the war with two of its three 
peace-time brigades (27th and 79th Brigades) and sent its 28th Brigade to the 7th 
Reserve Corps (14th Reserve Division). The 27th Brigade (Cologne) was imme- 
diately sent against Liege, where it attacked with the five other brigades of five different 
army corps. On August 13 the entire division was before Liege, where the other 
division of the 7th Army Corps was on the 14th. With this latter division it formed 
part of the 2d Army (Von Buelow), of which it formed the right wing. It entered 
Belgium by way of Wavre and Nievelles, Avas engaged west of Charleroi, entered 
France by the valley of the Oise and took part in the battle of the Marne, at Petit 
Morin, southeast of Montmirail. 

2. At the end of the retirement it stopped at the Chemin des Dames; was sent a 
short time afterwards to the area north of Rheims, from which place it was transferred, 
at the time of the race to the sea, to Lille, with the entire 7th Army Corps (at the 
beginning of October). 

Artois. 

3. Beginning Avith November, 1914, it occupied different sectors around Lille, 
La Bassee, and Lens until the spring of 1916. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. The losses of the 14th Division were not very important during the first two years 
of the war. However, in March, 1915, and in June, 1915, it underwent two strong 
British attacks at Neuve Chapelle and Festubert, which inflicted heavy losses upon 
it, following which it had to be reenforced. From March 7 to March 12 the 3d Bat- 
talion of the 16th Infantry Regiment had no less than 589 casualties, 16 of whom were 
officers (ofiicial list of casualties). 

1916. 

1. The 14th Division was relieved at the end of 1916 from the Artois sector and, 
after a long period of rest near Toumai, was transfen-ed to the Verdun area. 
Verdun. 

2. In June and July it occupied the Mort Homme sector. 

3. At the end of July it crossed over to the right bank of the Meuse and held the 
sector of Thiaumont until August 25, where it suffered heavily. 

4. It then returned to the left bank of the Meuse (Cumieres) after a short rest. It 
was again sent to the rear area about the middle of October. 

5. When the French attack of October 24 broke out the 14th Division went into 
action north of Douaumont on the 27th. 

6. On December 16 it suffered the shock of the French offensive and had to be 
retired at the end of the month, very much weakened (65 per cent casualties). 

1917. 

1. After a month behind the Verdun front the 14th Division once more took over 
its former sector at the beginning of February, 1917, on the left bank of the Meuse, 
north of Chattancourt (Cumieres, Mort Homme). 

2. Relieved between April 14 and 20, it entrained between the 21st and the 25th 
at Sivry sur Meuse and Vilosnes and was transferred to the Aisne. 



238 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Chemin des Dames. 

3. After a few days of rest in tlie Marchais area, at Sissonne Camp, it was brought 
back to the front, and on May 5 reenforced the sector between Allies and Hurtebise, 
which was being held by guard divisions very much weakened by our attacks. 

4. From May 7 to 12 it replaced the 1st Guard Division in line (west of Hurtebise) 
and then was sent to rest east of Laon. It remained in reserve, not taking part in any 
action as an entire division. 

5. After a rest in the area northwest of Liesse, it came back into line in the sector 
Ailles-Hurtebise (June 20, 21) and there, on the 25th, underwent the French attack. 
It lost the Cave of the Dragon; the 57th Infantry Regiment lost 191 prisoners. 

6. On July 26 the 14th Division attacked between Hurtebise and La Bovelle. Its 
efforts to regain the positions lost were futile. (On Aug. 1 the 1st Battalion of the 56th 
Infantry Regiment was commanded by a first lieutenant (document). 

7. At the end of July, very much weakened by its losses, it was sent to rest in the 
Vervins area and reconstituted (principally by men of the 1918 class from the Bevelloo 
Camp). Between December 21, 1916, and August, 1917, no less than 326 men came as 
replacements to the 9th Company of the 56th Infantry Regiment. 

8. On September 17 the 14th Division came back into line in the Laffaux area, 
underwent our attacks on October 23, suffered heavy losses from our preparation fire, 
and left to the French the greater part of its artillery and numerous prisoners (1,763 
men and 43 officers). 

9. An eye witness reckons the number of infantrymen left after the battle at not 
more than 1,400 (letter). It was filled up with returned wounded, men borrowed 
from Landsturm battalions of the 11th Corps District and men coming from the Russian 

• front. 

10. After being thus reorganized, in the Vervins area, the division was sent to Haye 
in the Flirey sector, where it was engaged from the 5th of November on. It was 
relieved January 13, 1918. 

KECRUITING. 

The 14th Division is recruited principally from the Rhine districts of the 7th Corps 
District, and it is for this reason that it is called "Troops from the Lower Rhine" in 
the German communiques of July 27, 1917. 

This region, very populous, suffices for its own recruiting. It is to be noticed, 
however, that in the course of the year 1917, in spite of the growing tendency to 
emphasize the sectional character of the large units, the 14th Division received 
replacement troops from other districts besides the seventh; in May, men from the 
eth Corps District trained in the fourth (class of 1918); in August, men from the third, 
fourth, and eighth (class of 1918); in October, Pomeranians fi'om the 22d Landwehr 
Division. The seventh district hardly counts except in the replacements of October, 
with convalescents and men from the Westphalian Landsturm battalions. The 
heavy losses suffered since December, 1916 would explain, to a certain extent, this 
falling off in numbers. It may also be that the morale of an industrial region such as 
Westphalia had been sufl&ciently shattered to make a mixture advisable. 

'value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

During the Frehch'offensive of December 15, 1916, the 14th Division behaved very 
well. 

South of-Ailles (at the end of June, 1917) it attempted to regain lost ground with 
great tenacity.' 

It put up a strong resistance to the attacks of October 23. 

. "The'^14th Division is a good division. It has just been withdrawn from a quiet 
sector to take part in a war of moA^ement. It is a division destined to attack. " (Jan. 
18. 1918 — note from thejst French Army.) 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 239 

1918. 

1. The 14th Division was relieved in the Flirey sector (east of St. Mihiel) by the 
78th Reserve Division during the night of January 13-14. 

PlCARDY. 

2. After having gone through some maneuvers in the region of Mars la Tour the 
division entrained at that place (also Chambley) on March 27 and detrained at St. 
Quentin on the 29th. It remained in support for a few days and then reenforced the 
battle front west of Moreuil (northwest of Montdidier) on April 4. The same day 
attacked Rouvrel, but could make no progress. It suffered severely, and was with- 
drawn on the 11th, very much exhausted, to rest in the region of Bohain, where it was 
reconstituted, and went into intensive training for open warfare. 

AlSNE. 

3. On May 27 the division entrained at Bohain, and detrained to the west of Laon, 
where it assembled in the forest of Coucy, and followed the offensive of the Aisne in 
the second line. It crossed the Aisne on May 30, and marched via Cr6cy au Mont to 
Hautebraye. Its objective was Vic sur Aisne, but it was completely checked with 
heavy losses. It was withdrawn about June 11. 

4. On June 14 it relieved the 51st Reserve Division near St. Bandry (southwest of 
Soissons). It was badly shattered in the fighting that followed and was withdrawn 
about July 2. 

5 . On July 16 the division reinforced the front near Osly-Courtil (north of the Aisne — 
west of Soissons); it was withdrawn about the 26th of August. 

Champagne: 

6. During the night of September 18-19 the division relieved the 3d Guard Division 
southeast of Auberive; it was withdrawn about October 12 and went to rest in the area 
north of Rethel. 

SOLESMES. 

7. The division marched by easy stages, and entered line near Englefontaine (east 
of Solesmes) during the night of October 25-26. It was still in line at the time of the 
signing of the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 14th Division is rated as being in the second of four classes. Despite its two 
training periods (March and May), it did not distinguish itself on the offensive, being 
decidedly checked at Moreuil and Hautebraye. On the defensive, however, it 
fought tenaciously; it suffered heavy losses, the regiments being reduced to three 
companies. There is evidence supporting the view that there were not more than 
1,800 rifles in the division the end of October, 



240 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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242 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th corps district — WESTPHALIA.) 

1914. 

Belgium. 

1. The 14th Reserve Division belongs, like the 13th Reserve Division, to the 7th 
Reserve Corps. It was formed from the Reserve Brigade at the Senne Camp and from 
one brigade, surplus, of the 14th active division (28th Brigade). One regiment of 
this brigade, the 39th Fusiliers, from Dusseldorf, appeared in front of Liege on August 
8, while the rest of the division was being assembled at Dueren. 

Maubeuge. 

2. Entering into Belgium by way of Vereiers, on August 16, the 14th Reserve 
Division then formed a part of the 2d German Army. It was in front of Namur on 
August 21, with the reserve corps of the Guard and the 11th Corps. After Namur 
was taken it went to invest Maubeuge with the 13th Division. 

AlSNE. 

3. Set free on September 7 by the fall of this place, it left on the 10th to strengthen 
the Aisne front. About the 13th of September it occupied the heights around Cerny- 

en-Laonnois. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1. The division held the sector between Cerny and Craonne (north of Paissy) until 
the beginning of November, 1915. In March it gave the 39th Fusiliers to the 56th 
Division, a new formation. 

2. About November 2 it was transferred to the Charleroi area where it rested and 
had further training. 

3. At the end of December it was sent north of Verdun, near Romagne sous les 

Cotes. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. In January and until February 20, 1916, it was employed in works preparatory 
to the attack (Damvillers area). 

2. On February 23 it was in line on the right bank of the Meuse. It took part, 
from the very beginning, in the German offensive against Verdun, attacked Samog- 
neux, Poivre Hill, and the Hill of Talou and Vacherauville. (On the 3d of April, the 
11th Company of the 16th Reserve Infantry Regiment had already received more 
than 118 men as replacements. On May 14, at least 153 had been sent to the 8th 
Company of the 53d Infantry Reserve Regiment.) 

3. Until the end of December the 14th Reserve Division occupied this sector (of 
the Meuse (Champneuville) at Poivre Hill). On December 15, it underwent the 
French counteroffensive, to the west of Douaumont, which caused it to suffer very 
heavy losses. Then it took over the sector of Hill 344 for one week. 

4. The division was relieved from December 22-25, concentrated in the Damvillers 
area and transferred to Champagne where it was reorganized. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1. On January 1, 1917, it went into line north of Prunay and remained in this 
sector (quiet) until October 22-25. 

2. In May the division sent some of its elements as reenforcements to units attacked 
at Oornillet and at Monthaut. 

FORET DE COUCY. 

3. It entrained on October 26 at Chatelet and was transferred to the area of Cerny- 
en-Laonnois. On the 28th it was interpolated between two divisions (the 10th Divi- 
sion and the 27th Division) on the front Bassoles-Fresnes, in the upper Coucy wood, 
which it occupied until the middle of February. 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERM AN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 243 

RECRUITING. 

The 14th Reserve Division is recruited from Westphalia. As it suffered very little 
in 1917, the division probably did not receive in the course of that year the hetero- 
geneous replacements which were sent — perhaps intentionally — to the other West- 
phalian divisions. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 14th Reserve Division did not participate in any important action in the 
course of the year 1917. It was thoroughly reorganized during its long stay in Cham- 
pagne. It is composed for the most part of young men (20 to 30 years of age) and has 
suffered but few losses (a slight proportion of the 1918 class). 

Its valor has not been put to any serious test since Verdun. It appears capable of 
serious effort. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1. The division was withdrawn from line in the St. Gobain region and went to rest 
in the neighborhood of Laon. It was trained in open warfare during the weeks that 
followed. 

2. On March 16 some equipment belonging to the 53d Reserve Regiment was found 
West of Laon, near Champs, but it is unlikely that the division Was in line there; it 
was not identified in any other Way. It was identified in line in that region, however, 
on the 6th of April. It was withdrawn on May 29. 

AlSNE. 

3. The division went immediately to the Aisne battle front, where it was identified 
by prisoners in the Vierzy sector (south of Soissons) on May 31. It was withdrawn 
about the 10th of June and rested for a month in the region of Fere en Tardenois. 

4. On July 8 it relieved the 47th Reserve Division near Chavigny (south of Soissons) . 
The 47th Reserve Division relieved part of the 14th Reserve Division on the 12th, 
and the 14th Reserve seems to have come back in its entirety on the 16th. During 
this fighting, the division lost more than 1,500 prisoners. It Was withdrawn on July 
20, and went to rest and refit in the neighborhood of Mulhouse. 

Nesle. 

5. The division entrained on the 22d of August at Birnsweiler and traveled via 
Saarbruecken-Trier-Herbesthal-Liege-Namur-Charleroi-Conde, detraining at Tin- 
court the night of August 23-24. On the 26th it reinforced the front near Thilloy 
(southwest of Nesle). It Was withdrawn on September 9, after losing some 1,300 
prisoners, and went to rest in Alsace in the neighborhood of Oltingen. 
Champagne. 

6. On October 9, it reinforced the front near Orfeuil (southwest of Vouziers). 

7. On October 28, the division was moved eastward to Boult, so as to help to hinder 
the American advance. It was still in line on November 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

After the division's participation in the battle of the Aisne, Lieut. Gen. Loeb, its 
commander, was awarded the order Pour le Merite. Again, the German communique 
of September 2 spoke highly of the fighting of the 56th Reserve Regiment. A captured 
regimental order mentions the fact that there had been many cases of the grippe. 
The division suffered such severe losses that most of the men from the 47th Reserve 
Division, dissolved in July, were sent to it. Nevertheless, the battalions were re- 
duced to three comj^anies in August. Despite its subsequent heavy losses (the 159th 
Regiment was reduced to 600 men, and the other regiment to about the same size), 
the division is still considered as being first class. 



244 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 









































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HISTORY. 

(346th Infantry Hegiment: 5th Corps District — Posen. 10th and 38th Landwehr 
Regiments: 6th Corps District — Silesia.) 

1915. 

R USSIA-POLAND. 

1. The 14th Landwehr Division appeared in Poland about the middle of July, 
1915, in the Sierpec area. 

It appeared to be made up at this time of the 21st Mixed Brigade of Landwehr 
(10th and 38th Landwehr Regiments, taken from the Breslau Corps), elements of the 
Graudenz Corps, the 46th Landwehr Brigade (Pf eil Biigade — 101st and 103d Landwehr 
Regiments). At all events, the 14th Landwehr Division does not appear to have 
received its complete coherence until the stabilization of the front which followed the 
summer offensive against the Russians. 

Smorgoni. 

2. The division then took position in the Smorgoni sector (September). It re- 
mained there until February, 1918. 

1916. 

1. In 1916 the division remained in the Smorgoni sector. 

1917. 

1. In 1917 the division remained in the Smorgoni sector. 

2. About the month of April, 1917, the 101st and 103d Landwehr Regiments 
(Saxon) were taken from the 14th Landwehr Division and assigned to the 46th Land- 
wehr Division, a new formation on the Eastern Front. They were replaced in the 
14th Landwehr Division by the 346th Regiment, which formerly belonged to the 
87th Division. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is of mediocre value. 

1918. 
Minsk. 

1. At the beginning of 1918 the 14th Landwehr Division was still on the Smorgoni 
front, which it left about the middle of February to march farther toward the east. 
"We are advancing right into Russia," wrote a man of the 38th Landwehr Regiment 
on March 7. About the middle of March the division went into cantonment in the 
vicinity of Orcha and Kochanovo on the Minsk-Smolensk Railroad. It was still 
there at the end of April. 

2. Sent to France during May, the 14th Landwehr Division arrived in Alsace with 
only two regiments, the 10th and 38th Landwehr Regiments. The division seems to 
have been dissolved soon afterwards, the 10th Landwehr seeming to be attached to 
the 301st Division and the 38th Landwehr to the 4th Cavalry Division. 

3. The latter part of June the division was reconstituted on the Russian front 
after the departure of these two regiments for the West, with the following units: 
103d Landwehr (from the 46th Landwehr Division), 343d Ersatz (from the 87th 
Division), and the 3d Landsturm (14th Landwehr Division). On the 30th of July 
the division was identified in the Orcha region. Late in September the division was 
identified in the same region. 

VALUE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



246 DIVISIONS OP GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(4tli and 8th Bavarian Infantry Regiments: Second Bavarian District. 25th Bavarian 
Infantry Regiment: Bavarian District.) 

1916. 

The 14th Bavarian Division was formed, at the beginning of August, 1916, with th* 
8th Bavarian Brigade (4th and 8th Bavarian Infantry Regiments), withdrawn from 
the 33d Reserve Division, and with the 29th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, formed at 
this time. 
Verdun. 

1. The 14th Bavarian Division, going into line at the end of August, 1916, in the 
Vaux Chapitre wood, launched a violent attack on September 3 to the southwest 
of the fort of Vaux and continued to hold this sector until October 10. 

At the end of October, the 29th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, whose losses in the 
Vaux sector were considerable, was dissolved and replaced by the 25th Bavarian 
Infantry Regiment, taken from the 192d Division, and raised from two to three 
battalions. 

2. Having thus received its present composition, the 14th Bavarian Division went 
back into line on the Hants de Meuse (Calonne trench) on October 22. 

Somme-Ancre. 

3. Relieved at the beginning of November and sent to rest, it was then sent to the 
Somme, where, about November 26, it took over the sector north of the Ancre. 

1917. 

1. The 14th Bavarian Division left the Ancre front at the end of January, 1917, 
passed the month of February at rest in the Denain area, and came back into line 
on the Somme, northeast of Gueudecoiirt, on February 26. It was withdrawn on 
March 20 at the time of the German retirement. 

Artois. 

2. At the beginning of April it went into action against the British offensive in the 
Roclincourt (north of Arras) and suffered heavily (about 2,800 prisoners on Apr. 9). 

Russia-Riga. 

3. Sent to rest in Belgium, it remained for several days in the Ghent area, and then 
entrained for the Eastern Front (Apr. 26-28). About May 14 it went into line near 
Lipsk (south of Baranovitchi); in June it took over the sector of Tsirin, where it re- 
mained until the end of the August. It was then transferred to the Riga front (Sept. 
1) and went into action on September 14 in the neighborhood of Uxkuell. It left 
there on September 18. 

4. About September 20 it went into line west of Jakobstadt and took part in the 
action of the 21st. 

5. At the end of October the 14th Bavarian Division was sent to Galicia. It was 
identified in the neighborhood of Tamopol on November 1 and, for the last time, on 
December 14 (fraternizing). 

France. 

6. The division left the Tamopol area on December 19 for the Western Front. 
Itinerary: Posen-Leipzig-Frankfort-Kreuznach-Thionville. It detrained at Wa- 
signy and Saulces-Monclin (near Rethel) on December 23. 

RECRUITING. 

The 14th Bavarian Division is recruited from the 2d and 3d Bavarian Corps Dis- 
tricts. 



248 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



The 8th Bavarian Brigade (4th and 8th Bavarian Infantry Regiments), which 
helped form the 14th Bavarian Division, ia a strong body belonging, in peace times, 
to the garrison at Metz. 

It distinguished itself at the battle of Eparges (March-April, 1915), at the attack 
of September 3, 1916 (Vaux-Chapitre wood). 

The morale of the 14th Bavarian Division appears to be high. No deserter has been 
found since the arrival of the division on the Western Front (December, 1917). The 
14th Bavarian Division has always been a good division (January, 1918). 

1918. 

Champagne. 

1. The 14th Bavarian Division embarked at Tarnopol on December 19 and traveled- 
via Kalicz-Posen-Leipsic-Frankfort-Kreusnach-Thionville-Wassigny (north of Re- 
thel), where it detrained on the 23d. On January 12 it relieved the 7th Reserve 
Division in the Mont Haut sector. It was relieved by the 80th Reserve Division on 
April 22. 

PiCARDY. 

2. On the 26th the division entrained at Neuflize, detraining on the following day 
near Mericoiut (northeast of St. Quentin). From there it marched via Bellenglise- 
Vermand-Mons en Chaussee-Brie-Foucaucourt to Framerville. On May 3 it relieved 
the 208th Division in the Hangard sector (southeast of Amiens). It was relieved on 
the 21st by the 225th Division. 

3. The division remained in Close support, and relieved the 15th Division one 
sector to the south on the 23d. It was withdrawn diuing the night of June 20-21, and 
rested in rear of the front for over a month. 

4. About July 23, it relieved the 21st Division in the Castel sector (north of Han- 
gard). In the fighting that followed the division suffered heavy losses, especially in 
the British attack of August 8. It was withdrawn about the 13th in a badly shattered 
condition, it having lost some 2,500 prisoners. 

5. It was in line again on the 29th northwest of Villers-Carbonnel (southwest of 
Peronne), and was withdrawn about the 2d of September. Soon thereafter, the 14th 
Bavarian Division was disbanded — the 4th Bavarian went to the 4th Bavarian 
Division to replace the 5th Bavarian Reserves (dissolved) ; the 8th Bavarian went to 
the 16th Bavarian Division to replace the 21st Bavarian Reserves (dissolved); the 
25th Bavarian went to the 6th Bavarian Reserves Division to replace the 17th Bavarian 
Reserves (dissolved). The commanding general and his staff were identified at 
Malineson October 24, but there is nothing to show what they were doing there, or 
where they went. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Previous to 1918 the 14th Bavarian was always considered a first-class division. 
Since then, however, it seems to have fallen off somewhat; it was not used in any of 
the German offensives, and it is significant that a battalion of the 2d Bavarian Division 
was used in its sector (south of Hailles) when it was desired to make a raid, and also 
that two of the divisions receiving regiments when the 14th Bavarian was disbanded 
were second class. The division lost over 2,000 prisoners, including all three regiment 
staffs and the staffs of several of the battalions. 



DIVISIOISrS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 249 





















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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY M^HICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 251 

HISTORY. 

(8th. Corps District — Rhine Province.) 

1914. 

1. Upon mobilization, the 15th Division (Aix la Chapelle, Cologne, Bonn, etc.) 
formed with the 16th Division an organic part of the 8th Army Corps and was in the 
4th Army (Duke of Wuerttemberg). 

2. Temporarily detaching the 25th Infantry Regiment (Aix la Chapelle) from the 
corps at the siege at Liege, the 15th Division entered, on August 6, into Luxemburg, 
where it had been preceded by the 16th Division (Treves). It entered into Belgian 
Luxemburg on the 19th and 20th of August. Went into action on the 22d and 23d — 
Porcheresse, Graid, Bievre — and entered France on the 26th. While the 29th Brigade 
was crossing the Meuse at Sedan the 80th entered at Mezieres. Again uniting on the 
30th, the 15th Division went through Champagne by way of Somme Py and Suippes 
and took part in the battle of the Marne at Vitry le Francois. It then withdrew to 
Souain and Perthes, where it remained as a whole until November. 
Champagne. 

3. At this time the 29th Brigade was taken to the Ypres front until the end of Decem- 
ber, at which date it went to the south of Alsace, making a part of the combined 
division of Fuchs. The separation of the two brigades lasted until May, 1915. The 
29th Brigade lost heavily in Alsace, where the 25th Infantry Regiment was reduced 
to 600 men on March 26, 1915 (soldier's notebook). 

1915. 

1. The 15th Division, in which the 29th Brigade was temporarily replaced by the 
1st Bavarian Landwehr Brigade, remained in Champagne until the beginning of 
April, 1915. At that date it went to reenforce the 3d Bavarian Corps near St. Mihiel 
in the Ailly wood. 

Artois. 

2. At the end of May the 15th Division again had both its brigades (29th and 80th) 
and went into action at Artois until the middle of June. It suffered heavy losses. 
The 161st Infantry Regiment lost 31 officers and 1,653 men (official list of casualties). 

AlSNE. 

3. Prom June, 1915, until June, 1916, the 15th Division occupied various sectors of 
the Aisne: Vailly-Pommiers (end of July), Nouvron (September), Ste. Marguerite- 
Bucy le Long (October). 

1916. 

Somme. 

1. July, 1918, the 15th Division was transferred to the Somme. It took part in the 
battle and participated in the attack at Biaches, where it suffered heavy losses. 

2. At the end of August it again took over its sector, St. Marguerite-Bucy le Long. 
Its composition was modified by the temporary loss of the 160th Infantry Regiment, 
sent to the combined division of Dumrath (August) by the definite transfer of the 
65th Infantry Regiment and the 161st Infantry Regiment to the 185th Division, and 
of the 25th Infantry Regiment to the 208th Division. 

3. At the beginning of October it had received in exchange for the regiments trans- 
ferred the 186th Infantry Regiment (temporarily) and the 389th Infantry Regiment, 
a new formation (men taken from various Rhine regiments), and received the 160th 
Infantry Regiment again (the Dumrath Division having been dissolved). It reap- 
peared on the Somme front (Sailly-Saillisel), where it again suffered heavy losses. 



252 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

AlSNE. 

4. At the end of October it returned to the Aisne and occupied the sectors of Nuvron- 
Moulin Boua Touvent. It was reorganized finally in November and received its 
definitive composition. 

Russia. 

5. About the middle of November the 15th Division was withdrawn from the front, 
entrained after a few days' rest, and transferred to the Eastern Front. It went into line 
north of Kisselin. 

1917. 

1. In February, 1917, the division was in Transylvania (upper valley of the Olta). 

2. In April it was in reserve at Vladimir- Volynski. 

France. 

3. Transferred to the French front (entrained at Kovel, detrained at VigneuUes, at 
the end of April), the division occupied the sector of Vaux les Palameix (Meuse). 
Californib Plateau. 

4. At the end of May it was relieved and sent (night of May 29-30) to the Vauclerc 
Plateau and the Califomie Plateau. On June 2 and 3 it took part in the violent 
attack upon these plateaus. It renewed these attacks upon July 3 and again suffered 
heavy losses. 

Lorraine. 

5. The division was relieved on the night of July 8-9 and then sent to the Lys 
area, from which it was transferred into the zone Richecourt-Avricourt. It was put 
in line (July 15) near Blamont. 

Flanders. 

6. It was relieved about September 4, sent to rest in the Verdun area, and trans- 
ferred to Belgium on October 7, where it was in action and suffered heavUy on the 
Ypres front (north of the Ypres-Menin road) until November 13. 

7. The division was then sent to the rear (area of Bruges-Knocke). 

8. It again went into line east of Ypres about December 18 (east of Passchendaele). 
In the middle of January, 1918, it was withdrawn from this sector and sent to the 
Bruges area. 

RECRUITING. 

The 15th Division is easily recruited from the populous districts of the Rhine 
Provinces. In case of heavy losses and urgent necessity for reenforcements, the need 
has been felt for having recourse to the rest of the Rhine country in the widest sense 
of the word, that is to say, Rhenish Hessia and the Grand Duchy of Baden, in return 
or reenforcements sent elsewhere. The frequence of the relation and the community 
of interests which unites these regions assures the 15th Division, under all circum- 
stances, the advantages of regional homogeneity. 

VALUE 1917 estimate.- 

The 15th Division, in spite of the lack of success of its efforts, has given the impres- 
sion of being a good division. 

On June 2 and 3, 1917, the 69th Infantry Regiment and the 389th Infantry Regi" 
ment, attacked vigorously upon the casemates and Califomie Plateaus. The 389th 
Infantry Regiment, especially, showed a great deal of dash in the course of these 
actions (July, 1917). 

The division is composed, for the most part, of young and well trained elements; 
it has the experience gained from a very active sector (September, 1917). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 253 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1. The division relieved the 25th Division east of Passchendaele on February 10 
and occupied the sector until February 20-25 when it moved south and took over the 
Zonnebeke sector from the 31st Division. About March 21, it was relieved by the 
39th Division. It entrained at Muelebeke on the 23d and detrained at Mons en Pevele 
(north of Douai). From there it went by marches to Cambrai (31st) , _ Sailly Saillisel, 
Bray sur Somme and Suzanne, and Caix (Apr. 7-12). 

Pic ARC Y. 

2. On April 12 it was engaged in the Bois Senecat, northwest of Moreuil. Dui'ing 
the French attack of the 18th the division lost 700 prisoners. It was relieved about 
April 22. 

3. It rested until mid-May near Busiginy. The 389th Regiment is known to have 
received 600 men as a draft at this time. On May 18, the division returned to line 
near Castel, and was engaged until May 22. 

4. It rested in the Somme area (at Rosieres en Santerse June 1, and Peronne on tlie 
9th), until June 17 when it came into line before Moreuil. It suffered heavy losses 
during the French attack of the 17th but continued in line until the 26th. It rested 
east of Roye in June and from the 3d to the 5th of July was in reserve south of Bleran- 
court. 

Battle of the Oise-Aisne. 

5. The division was engaged in the Nampcel-Autreches sector from July 5 until 
August 22. It was pushed back to Caisnes (Aug. 18) and as a result of the French 
attack lost 1,880 prisoners. 

6. The division was moved to rest at Damvillers north of Verdun in early September. 
On the 26th it left that place and marched to Flabas, east of the Meuse. 

Meuse- Argonne . 

7. On September 26 the division was in line in the Bois des Caures. It continued 
to hold a sector in the region until the armistice. The last identification was north- 
west of Ornes on November 10. 

VALUE — ^^1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. Its heavy losses at Moreuil in June and the 
ravages of the grippe in the summer lowered the morale. On the other hand, a docu- 
ment of October 4 indicated that the division had been congratulated by the Kaiser 
for its "heroic conduct." 



254 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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256 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(25th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 69tli Reserve Infantry Regiment: 8th Corps Dis- 
trict — Rhine Province. 17th Reserve Infantry Regiment: 21st Corps District — 

Lorraine.) 

1914. 

1. In August, 1914, the 15th Reserve Division which was a part of the 8th Reserve 
Corps (with the 16th Reserve Division) and of the 4th Army, was concentrated on the 
Luxemburg frontier, which it crossed on the 19th. Entering Belgium on the 21st, 
it fought on the 22d at Maissin and Paliseul, and between the 25th and 27th it crossed 
the Meuse near Sedan, losing heavily. On August 28. the 2d Battalion of the 69th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment was reduced to 140 men (soldier's notebook). 

Champagne. 

2. From this place, by way of le Chesne, Vouziers, Tahm-e, the division advanced 
as far as Marne Canal to the Rhine, at Vitry le Francois (Brusson Dompremy, Sept. 6), 
where it took part in the battle of the Marne. 

3. The division retired between September 9 and September 16 by way of Suippes 
to Servon, Binarville, Massiges (Sept. 18 to 27), and established itself north of 

Massiges. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1. The 15th Reserve Division occupied the front north of Massiges and of Mesnil 
les Hurlus in the Souain area. In the course of various small actions, especially in 
May, it suffered heavily, so much so that by June 30, the losses sixffered since the 
beginning of the campaign it amounted to 2,316 men for the 2d Battalion of the 17th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment (official list of casualties). 

2. In September, 1915, the elements of the 15th Reserve Division divided between 
the Liebert Division (17th and 69th Reserve Infantry Regiments) and the Ditfurth 
Division (25th and 30th Reserve Infantry Regiments) took part in the battle of Cham- 
pagne near Tahure, east of Somme Py (from Sept. 25 to the beginning of October). 
They suffered considerable losses. 

AlSNE. 

3. Toward the end of October the 15th Reserve Division was relieved from the 
Tahure sector and reorganized. At the beginning of November it went into line 
between Vailly and the Oise-Aisne Canal. 

1916. , 

1. The division occupied the sector Chavonne-Soupir south of Braye en Laonnois 
until the end of June, 1916. 

SoMME. 

2. At the beginning of July, as soon as the Franco-British offensive began, the 
15th Reserve Division detached some of its elements to reenforce divisions engaged 
along the Somme, especially at Flaucourt (July 2 and 3), Hem wood, and the Ver- 
mandovillers area (August). 

AlSNE. 

3. Some of these elements returned to the Aisne and were reassigned to the Liebert 
(new 15th Reserve Division) and the Dumrath Division. 

SoMME. 

4. The 17th and 30th Reserve Infantry Regiments remained in the Somme area. 
Separated at first, at the end of August they formed the 32d Brigade reattached to 
the 35th Division which held the front in the area of Estrees-Ablaincourt (September). 

5. At the beginning of October the 15th Reserve Division, once more reorganized 
its original elements, and occupied the lines between Fouquescourt and the north of 
Andechy. 

6. The division was relieved from the Somme front about December 15, 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 257 

1917. 
SOMME. 

1. Once more in line in the Fouquescourt sector, the division took part in the 
German withdrawal by way of Ercheu, Moyencourt (Mar. 17), Ham (Mar. 19). 

2. It was sent to rest in the Maubeuge area (?) (end of March and April). 

Artois. 

3. About May 2 it went into line in the Fresnoy sector (north of Arras), where it 
went into action about May 3. 

4. It was withdrawn from the Artois front on May 10 and transferred to the Eastern 
Front (May 21 to May 28). 

Galicia. 

5. Sent to Galicia, it occupied the sector south of Brzezany, where it underwent 
the Russian attack of July 1. Then it took part in the offensive against the Russians 
at the end of July, and suffered heavy losses near Husiatin, where it remained until 
August 24. Sent to the rear of Zbrucz it held this sector from September 15 to Decem- 
ber 7. 

France. 

6. Relieved at this date, it remained in the Jablona area until December 19, and 
entrained on the 30th for the Western Front. Itinerary: Brest Litowsk-Warsaw- 
Karlish-Halle-Frankfort on the Main-Mayence-Sarrebruecken-Thionville-Sedan. It 
detrained on January 7, in the Dun area, where it went to rest. 

The 15th Reserve Division suffered very heavy losses in Galicia (July and Aug.^ 
1917)„ 

At the end of February, 1918, these losses, according to the statements of deserters, 
had not yet been made good by sufficient replacements. 

In Russia there was no exchange of the older men of the division for men of the 
1919 class. 

RECRUITING. 

The 15th Reserve Division is recruited from the Rhine districts in general. The 
elements from the 9th Corps District, introduced by the assignment of one battalion 
of the 76th Landwehr Regiment to the 69th Reserve Infantry Regiment, have almost 
disappeared with the arrival of successive replacements. 

1918. 

1. During its occupancy of the Verdun sector the division underwent intensive 
training which was to fit it for operations on the Western Front. It was relieved 
about April 15. The division commenced entraining at Stenay about April 23 and 
traveled via Givet-Dinant-Namur-Charleroi-Braine le Comte-Ath-Tournai, and 
detrained between Tournai and Lille. ■ One regiment marched to Haubourdin (12 
miles), where it rested several days. 

Hinge. 

2. On the night of May 1-2 the division came into line east of St. Venant. It held 
this sector for 10 months. Toward the end of June it was relieved by the 23d Reserve 
Division. 

Arras. 

3. On July 11 the division entered the line southwest of Oppy. It was engaged at 
Gavrelle, Oppy, and Arleux until October 9 when the 187th Division relieved it. 

4. The division returned to line on the 12th to reinforce the front east of Bohain 
and fought until the end of October in the region east of Wassigny. There was some 
talk in the division of the dissolution, as no drafts of importance were received during 
September or October. 

5. On November 6 the division was again in line. In the closing days of the war 
it was engaged north of Beaurepaire, southeast of Limont-Fontaine, southwest of 
Aites and Obrechies (10th). 

VALUE . 

The division was rated as third class. During 1918 the division was almost con- 
stantly in line holding defensive sectors, which it did with fair success. 

125651°— 20 17 



258 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 259 

HISTORY. 

(12th Landwehr Regiment: SdCorps District — Brandenburg. 53d and 55th Landwehr 
Regiments: 7th Corps District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

OlSE. 

1. The 15th Landwehr Division (Sack Division) was formed about the month of 
March, 1915, from two independent Landwehr brigades (the 10th and 27th) which 
had been holding, since September, 1914, the sectors of the Oise south of Noyon. 

2. The 10th Brigade, entering Belgium on August 19, was at Tirlemont on Septem- 
ber 1 and had been sent rapidly to the Oise at the beginning of the retreat from the 
Marne. It had gone into action at Blerancourt, Bellefontaine, Cuts, on September 
15 and 16. The 27th Brigade, coming from Aix la Chapelle August 17, had advanced 
by way of Louvain, Douai, Cambrai, Bepaume, and Amiens and had likewise been 
in action on September 15 and 16 at Rivecourt and Nampcel. 

3. After its formation the 15th Landwehr Division continued to occupy the Oise 
sector of Thiescourt (Ribecourt) until 1917. 

1916. 

1. The division held the Oise sector of Thiescourt (southwest of Noyon). 

1917. 

1. The Oise sector of Thiescourt was held by the division until 1917. 

In the middle of March, 1917, the 15th Landwehr Division took part in the with- 
drawal of the German troops and retired southeast of St. Quentin by way of Salency, 
Chauny, and La Fere. 

Galicia. 

2. Relieved at the end of March, it was transferred to the Eastern Front. Itinerary: 
Charleroi-Luxemburg-Treves * * * Breslau-Cracow-Lemberg. (Some elements 
of the division had already left before the withdrawal to the Hindenburg line and had 
entrained at Noyon.) 

3. In Galicia the 15th Landwehr Division occupied the sector west of Brody until 
the beginning of 1918. 

Almost immediately after its arrival the 52d Landwehr Regiment was withdrawn 
from the division (April, 1917). 

Like the other Landwehr divisions on the Eastern Front, the 15th Landwehr 
Division at the end of 1917 had given its best elements to divisions operating in France 
(especially to the 111th Division). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is purely a sector division. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. Early in March the 15th Landwehr Division marched toward Rovno; from there 
it was transported to Kiev. 

2. On May 11 the division was south of Ekaterinoslav; the 12th Landwehr Regi- 
ment at Sebastopol and the 53d Landwehr Regiment likewise being in the Crimea. 
Caucasus. 

3. Toward the end of May elements of the division were identified in the Kertch 
region, the 12th Landwehr Regiment, however, being on the Vardar front. The 
division was still here the latter part of September. Diu-ing this time all of the 
younger men were sent to the Western Front. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



260 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

IStlL Bavarian Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


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30 Bav. 

31 Bav. 

32 Bav. 


23 Bav. 


30 Bav. 




31 Bav. 

32 Bav. 


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3 Sqn. 7 Bav. Light Cav. Rgt. 


3 Sqn. 7 Bav. Light Cav. Rgt. 






Artillery . . . 


Art. Command: 

7 Bav. r. A. Rgt. 


7 Bav. F. A. Rgt. 




23 Bav. Ft. A. Btn. 
148 Bav. Light Am. Col. 
152 Bav. Light Am. Col. 
155 Bav. Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons . 


15 Bav. Pion. Btn.: 

24 Bav. Pion. Co. 

25 Bav. Pion. Co. 
15 Bav. T. M. Co. 
15 Bav. Tel. Detch. 


15 Bav. Pion. Btn.: 

24 Bav. Pion. Co. 

25 Bav. Pion. Co. 
15 Bav. T. M. Co. 

15 Bav. Searchlight Section. 
15 Bav. Signal Command: 
15 Bav. Tel. Detch. 
170 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


25 Bav. Ambulaiice Co. 

64 Bav. Field Hospital. 

65 Bav. Field Hospital. 
15 Bav. Vet. Hospital. 


25 Bav. Ambulance Co. 

64 Bav. Field Hospital. 

65 Bav. Field Hospital. 


Transport . . . . 


696 M. T. Col. 


696 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(30th Bavarian Infantry Regiment: 1st Bavarian Corps District. 31st Bavarian In- 
fantry Regiment: 2d Bavarian Corps District. 32d Bavarian Infantry Regiment: 
8d Bavarian Corps District.) 

1917. 

The 15th Bavarian Division was formed in December, 1916, and January, 1917, at 
Nuremburg, of elements coming from the three Bavarian corps districts in the manner 
of the divisions 231-242; that is to say, a very large proportion of the men of the 
1918 class, together with returned wounded and sick and men taken from units at 
the front. 

1. From February 1 to March 1, 1917, the three regiments of the division received 
instruction for mountain troops in Upper Bavaria, near the Austrian frontier. 

2. On March 1 the 15th Bavarian Division was transferred to the Charleroi area, 
where it remained one month ; there it received training in the war of movement. 
Lorraine. 

3. At the end of March it was transferred to Lorraine; it occupied the Leintrey 
sector (Parroy wood) until the beginning of May. 

AlSNE. 

4. From Lorraine it went to the Laonnois area (Sissonne, La Solve, May 12); went 
into line southwest of Juvincourt on May 19-20; launched an attack on June 28-29 
southeast of Corbeny, and left the front at the end of July. 

5. After a rest in the Sedan area the division entrained on August 20 for the Verdun 
front. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 261 

Meuse (Hill 304). 

6. Detraining at Stenay and Dun (Aug. 22-24), it went into line north of Hill 304 
(Forges Stream). The French attack on the 24th occasioned serious losses. 
Meuse (Right Bank). 

7. The 15th Bavarian Division was relieved from Hill 304 about October 16; went 
from there to the right bank of the Meuse, and then into line at Beaumont (Oct. 24). 

RECRUITING. 

The 15th Bavarian Division is recruited from all of Bavaria. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In September, 1917, the 15th Bavarian Division appeared strong. 
In the 31st Bavarian Infantry Regiment two-thirds of the men were recruits belong- 
ing to the 1918 class. 

The division suffered few losses on the Verdun front after November, 1917. 

1918. 

1. During the spring the division made use of the quiet Bezouvaux sector to train 
the men in machine gun and assault tactics. It was relieved on July 23 and rested 
south of Longwy (Villers la Montague) until July 4. It was moved to Sault St. Remy, 
by Carignan, Sedan, Rethel (July 4-5). Until the 11th it rested in a camp, when it 
marched by night toward the front. 

Battle of Rheims. 

2. On the 15th it was engaged in the offensive east of Prunay. It advanced to 
north of Thuizy, suffering very heavy losses, estimated to have been 30 to 40 per 
cent. It remained in line until mid-August. After 10 weeks' rest the division was 
again engaged about September 1 north of Prosnes until September 29. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

3. The division was placed in line farther to the east, near Somme Py, where it 
remained until about September 29, at which time it was put in reserve north of 
Bouillon. In the fighting all three regiments were exhausted, but the losses of the 
31st Bavarian Regiment were particularly heavy. Six hundred prisoners were taken 
from the division at this time. 

4. The division rested from October 5 to 10. At this time the 18th Bavarian Reserve 
Regiment, from the disbanded Bavarian Ersatz Division, was divided among the three 
regiments of the division. 

5. It came into line on October 13 east of Grandpre and was engaged on the United 
States front until November 11. It did not offer a vigorous resistance to the American 
attacks at first, but in late October and early November it did all in its power to check 
the American advance. 

value — ^1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as a third-class. The heavy losses in Champagne in Septem- 
ber and October, the prevalent sickness, political discontent, and dissatisfaction with 
Prussia continued to give the division a low morale. 



262 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 263 

HISTORY. 

(8th Corps District — Rhine Province.) 

1914. 
Ardenne s-Marne . 

1. In August, 1914, the 16th Division (belonging to the 8th Army Corps, together 
with 16th Division) was a part of the 4th German Army (Duke of Wurttemberg) . 
It entered Luxemburg at the beginning of August (28th Infantry Regiment), there 
received the rest of its reservists on the 7th, entered Belgian Luxemburg on the 20th, 
and went into action on the 23d at Bi^vre and Geditme. From there, by way of 
Sedan and Donchery (Aug. 26), forming the extreme right of the 4th Army, it went 
through Champagne, reached Suippes on September 3, and crossed the Marne near 
Vitry le Francois, where it came into contact with the French forces. It retired, 
having suffered heavily, by way of Somme-Y5vre-Herpont-St. Mard sur Auve- 
Somme Bionne, and stopped near Perthes les Hurlus, where it made a stand. 
Champagne. 

2. The 16th Division occupied the sector Souain-Perthes during the winter of 
1914 and 1915; it there withstood strong attacks. 

Belgium. 

3. In November and December, 1914, the division detached certain of its elements 
(31st Brigade, 29th and 69th Infantry Regiments) in Belgium, in the Langemarck 
area. 

Alsace. 

4. In the middle of December the 31st Brigade was sent to Alsace for work near 
Mulhouse. It formed a part of the Fuchs Division, was in line north of Thann and 
rejoined the 30th Brigade opposite Perthes at the end of December. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. Withdrawn from the Champagne front about April 18-19, 1915, the 16th Division 
was sent to rest in the Briey area, then transferred, about May 15, north of Arras. 

2. It lost very heavily at Souchez and Neuville-St. Vaast, withstanding the offen- 
sive of May. The 69th Infantry Regiment lost 42 officers and 1,609 men. (Official 
List of Casualties.) 

AlSNE. 

3. The division left Artois in the middle of June and, after a few days of rest near 
St. Quentin, went into line in the middle of July, east of Soissons (Chavonne-Soupir 
sector). 

NOUVRON. 

4. At the end of October it took over the sector of Nouvron, west of Soissons. 

1916. 

1. The 16th Division remained on the Aisne front until the end of July, 1916. 

SOMME. 

2. Entraining at Follembray, it was transferred to Ham and Nesle. After a short 
stay in the Maucourt sector (northwest of Roye) at the beginning of August, it took 
part in the battle of the Somme near Pozi^res-Thiepval, where it suffered very heavy 
losses (Aug. 10-24); the 3d Company of the 29th Infantry Regiment lost 131 men 
at Pozi^res (letter). 

Berry au Bag. 

3. In September the reorganized 16th Division (especially with men of the 1917 
class) occupied a quiet sector west of Berry au Bac. In October the 69th Infantry 
Regiment was withdrawn from the 16th Division, which now has three regiments 
(30th Brigade). 



264 Divisioisrs or germai^ army which participated in war. 

SOMME. 

4. Relieved about the 3d of October from the sector west of Berry au Bac, the 
division entrained at Laon and was transfeiTed to the Somme. It went into line 
(Lesboeufs-Sailly-Saillsel) on October 9 and suffered heavy losses. 

Russia. 

5. On October 26 the division left the Somme, returned for a few days (Nov. 5-16) 
to the front northwest of Soissons and entrained for Russia on November 20. Itiner- 
ary: Liege-Aix la Chapelle-Dusseldorf-Hanover-Magdeburg-Berlhi-Skernewitzy- 
Warsaw-Brest Litowsk-Kovel-Turisk. It detrained on November 25. 

1916. 

G ALICIA. 

1. On the Russian front the 16th Division occupied the Kiselin sector, south of 
Kovel (untU the beginning of May, 1917). 

France. 

2. On May 17, entraining near Kieslin, the division returned to France via Vladimir 
V o 1 y n s k i-Kovel-Brest Litowsk-Warsaw-Kalicli-Cottbus-Leipzig-Cassel-Coblentz- 
Gerolstein-Sedan-Attigny, where it detrained on May 21. 

Flanders. 

3. After a rest at Ecordal, on June 4 the division was sent to Flanders. Detraining 
at Orchies, it marched to Wambrechies; it there remained for 12 days. On June 26 
it went into line at Warneton, where the British attack of July 31 did not cause it a^ny 
serious losses. 

4. About the 23d of September the 16th Division was sent to rest in the Bruges area. 
Ypres. 

At the beginning of October it was sent to the Ypres front. 

Some elements were engaged on October 3 and 4 against the British attacks east 
of Vonnebeke. On October 6 the division went to the southeast of Poelcappelle and 
supported the local offensives, against the British troops (Oct. 9-12). 

The 16th Division remained behind the front from October 12 to November 24. 

At this date it took over the sector north of Becela.ere and a short time afterwards 
that of Passchendaele (east), where it was relieved about the middle of January, 1918. 

recruiting. 

The 16th Division is recruited almost exclusiA^ely from the Rhine Provinces. 

value — 1917 estimate. 

Before being engaged on the Somme the 16th Division had gained a wonderful 
reputation. It was known as the "Iron Di^'ision." In the battle of the Somme it 
did not, however, distinguish itself in any way. 

At Warneton and at Ypres (June and October, 1917) it fought stubbornly in spite of 
its heavy losses. 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1. The division was at rest in Belgium (Meulebeke area) until about March 1, when 
it wa^ engaged east of Passchendaele until March 23. 

2. It entrained at Pitthem and moved to reserve at Tourcoing until April 4. Later 
it was at Lille until April 10. 

Battle or the Lys. 

3. The division was engaged on April 4 north of Neuve Chapelle and south of Mer- 
ville on the 12th. On the 17th the 68th Regiment was to attack but was unable to do 
so through weakness and lack of food. Two regimental commanders were included in 
the heavy casualties. It was relieved east of St. Venant on May 1. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 265 

Mbkville. 

4. The division rested in Belgium (Braine, south of Brussels) for about two weeks. 
On the 19th it was in line southwest of Merville. It was relieved by the 25th DiAdsion 
on the night of July 6-7. After 10 days' rest the division returned to its former sector 
and continued in line until August 18. 

5. After leaving the line on August 18 it rested near Haubourdin untU the 26th, when 
it entramed for Raches (north of Douai). It marched toward the front east of Arras 
by Douai and Vitry, entering the line near Vis en Artois on August 30. 

Third Battle of the Somme. 

6. The division fought near Dury and Hendecourt until mid-September, losing more 
than 1,500 prisoners. It rested at Bruges until its return to line north of Lens on Sep- 
tember 26. It was driven back toward Pont a Vendin and Courrieres, northwest of 
Orchies, Hollain, and Antoing. The division was withdrawn about November 6 
from the Antoing area. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a second-class division. During 1918 it fought entirely 
on the British front, chiefly on the defensive. 



266 DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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512 Ambulance Co. 

39 Res. Field Hospital. 

40 Res. Field Hospital. 
416 Vet. Hospital. 


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268 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(8th Corps District — Rhine Province.) 
1914. 

1. At tlie outbreak of the war the 16th Reserve Division with the 15th Reserve 
Division was a part of the 8th Reserve Corps and belonged to the 4th Army (Duke of 
Wuxttemberg). 

Champagne. 

2. On August 14, 1914, it entered Luxemburg; on the 21st, Belgium. It went into 
action at St. Hubert on the 22d; at Matton on the 24th; crossed the Meuse at Sedan 
with heavy losses August 26-28. Entering Champagne by way of Vouziers, it took 
part in the battle of the Marne, along the canal from the Marne to the Rhine (Heiltz 
le Maurupt>-Bignicourt-Le Buisson). 

3. On September 9 it began its retreat, and retired by way of Suippes (Sept. 14) to 
Cernay en Dormois. About September 20 it stopped in the area of Minaucourt- 
Massiges and took up its position there. 

4. The 16th Reserve Division occupied this sector of Champagne (north of Massiges) 
until the month of October, 1915. (On the 30th of January, 1915, the 29th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment had had a total of 79 officers and 3,090 men casualties.) 

1915. 

1. At the time of the French offensive in Champagne the 16th Reserve Division 
went into battle east of the road from Tahure to Perthes les Hurlus (Sept. 25). It 
was then a part of a new group under the orders of Gen. Ditfurth. 

2. Having suffered heavily from these attacks, the 16th Reserve Division was re- 
lieved about October 15 and sent to the rest in the Chesne area. Between October 8 
and 14 no less than 223 men came to the 5th Company of the 68th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment as replacements (in this number, recruits of the 1915 class who had had 
four months' instruction). 

AlSNE. 

3. At the end of October the 16th Reserve Division was sent north of the Aisne, 
where it took over the sector between Soissons and Vailly. 

1916. 

1. The 16th Reserve Division remained in line east of Soissons until February 
16, 1916. 

Aisne. 

2. In the middle of February it went to the west of Soissons, in the sector of Moulin 
sous Touvent-Autreches, which it occupied until the month of October. 

3. In Februaiy the 16th Reserve Division lost two of its regiments, the 65th and 29th 
Reserve Infantry Regiments, which were replaced by a single regiment, the 35th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment. It was then composed of the 25th, 28th, and 68th Re- 
serve Infantry Regiments. 

4. At the beginning of the battle of the Somme, July 2, the 25th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment (2 battalions) was sent by itself as a reinforcement in the Barelaux area. 
The 28th Reserve Infantry Regiment left the 16th Reserve Division at the end of 
July to be attached to the 185th Division, likewise on the Somme. 

5. The 16th Reserve Division, composed of the 68th Reserve Infantry Regiment 
and of two other regiments, the 190th Infantry Regiment and the Provisional Hippe 
Regiment, continued to occupy the sector of Moulin sous Touvent (August). 

6. The 68th Reserve Infantry Regiment in its turn was sent to the Somme. It 
went into action near Deniecourt (September-October). One may calculate its losses 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 269 

by the fact that the 5th Company received at least 55 men as replacements between 
October 2 and 6. 

7. The 16th Reserve Division then comprised the 29th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment, once more attached to the division, the 190th Infantry Regiment, and the 
390th Infantry Regiment, which replaced the Hippe Regiment above mentioned. 
Thus constituted, it was retained in the area Moulin sous Touvent-Autreches until 
the month of October. 

SOMMB. 

8. Relieved on October 15, it entrained at Tergnier and was transferred to the 
Somme. It took part in the St. Pierre-Vaast wood in local operations, in the course 
of which it suffered heavily (Nov. 4 to 28). 

9. About December 12 the 16th Reserve Division was sent north of the Aisne. 
It went into line in the Cerny en Laonnois area. 

At this time the division was once more reorganized. It again received the 68th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment, which came back from the Somme. The 190th Infantry 
Regiment was transferred to the 47th Division, and the 390th Infantry Regiment, 
which was assigned to the 211th Division, was replaced by the 30th Reserve In- 
fantry Regiment. 

1917. 

1. With this composition (29th, 68th, and 30th Reserve Infantry Regiments) the 
16th Reserve Division occupied the sector of Cerny en Laonnois from January to 
April, 1917. 

Chemin des Dames. 

2. It underwent the French offensive of April 16 between Chivy and the Cerny 
sugar refinery, where it suffered very heavily (1,100 prisoners). 

3. Relieved on the Aisne front about April 20, the division was sent to the Sissonne 
Camp, where it was reorganized (beginning of May). 

Lorraine. 

4. About May 10 it went into line between the Sanon and Gondrexon, in Lorraine. 
Alsace. 

5. The division was sent to Alsace about June 20 and remained in the Ferette 
area, where its training was vigorously carried out. 

Galicia. 

6. On July 7, 1917, the 16th Reserve Division entrained for the Eastern Front. 

7. Detraining on the 12th in the area of Rohatyn-Bourchtyn (Galicia), it went ii to 
action on the ]5th near Halucz, along the Dneister, and reached Khotin, where the 
Russian retreat halted. 

8. At the end of August it occupied a new sector north of Bojan, east of Czernowitz 
(taking of Bojan, Aug. 27). 

France. 

9. The 16th Reserve Division was withdrawn from the front about November 15 
and entrained for France near Czernowitz (Nov. 20). Itinerary: Kolomea-Stanislau- 
Lemberg - Przeymsl - Cracow - Oppeln - Breslau - Dresden - Chemnitz - Nuremberg- 
Karlsruhe - Haguenau - Saareguemines - Thionville - Sedan - Bucy les Pierrepont, 
where it detrained on November 29. 

Cambrai. 

10. Going into action southwest of Cambrai (Marcoing) on December 6, it was still 
in this sector at the beginning of March, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 16th Reserve Division is recruited from the Rhine Province and all the Rhine 
districts. Thus, in October, 1916, it received men from the mining district of West- 
phalia, and also in March, 1917. 



270 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IlfJ" WAK. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 16th Reserve Division was a good division. It was very much exhausted on 
April 16 and 17, 1917, in the Cerny sector. During this action the 30th Reserve 
. Infantry Regiment was remarkable for its desperate resistance and had only 50 pris- 
oners taken. 

During its stay in Lorraine (May and June, 1917) the 16th Reserve Division main- 
tained a purely defensive attitude. The losses suffered on the Aisne and the nature 
of the replacements received appear to have sensibly diminished the combat value 
of the 30th Reserve Infantry Regiment. 

In October, 1917, on the Galician front, the 16th Reserve Division was considered 
incapable of participating in active operations because of the large proportion of older 
men and the weakness of its effectives (according to prisoners statements). 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1. The division attacked on March 21 south of Marcoing. It was taken out on the 
3d day of the offensive and sent to rest in the Ancre area. About April 10 the division 
relieved the 107th Division on the Ancre and held a sector until the 107th Division 
returned and relieved on-April 27. 

Battle op the Scarpe-Somme. 

2. The division rested near Puisieux until May 15, when it entered the line north- 
west of Beaumont Hamel and remained until about June 15. It rested in the neigh- 
borhood of Haplincourt until about July 4, when it returned to the Beaumont-Hamel 
sector. The British attack in August forced the division to retire through Murau- 
mont (23d), Grandcourt (24th), Le Barque (25th), and Flers (27th). It was with- 
drawn on August 28, after suffering heavy losses. 

3. The division again came into line on September 5 north of Equancourt. In 
five days' fighting it lost 600 prisoners. On September 10 it went to rest in the 
Bruges area, where it was until October 1. 

Belgium. 

4. On October 1 the division relieved the 16th Bavarian Division on the Ypres 
battle front, southeast of Staden. Throughout October it was engaged at Hooglede, 
Staden, and near Wynghene. It was withdrawn on October 28 and remained out of 
line in the Ghent area until the armistice. 

• 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. It was engaged as a sector-holding unit 
in active fronts during 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN V^AR. 271 





































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272 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(374th Infautry Regiment and 3d Landwehr Regiment: 1st Corps District — East 
Prussia. 379th Landwehr Regiment: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1915. 
Poland. 

1. The 16th Landwehr Division (Landwehr Division of Koenigsberg, Sommer 
Division), providing the war garrison of Koenigsberg, took part in the battles on. the 
East Prussian frontier in October, 1914, with a few of its future elements (1st Ersatz 
Battalion of the 12th Landwehr Regiment). 

It was in the region of Mariampol from April until the end of August, 1915. It was 
identified in the Lipsk sector on August 30. 
Russia. 

2. After the summer offensive it was sent to the sector between Krevo and Smorgoni 
(September). 

1916. 

1. The division was in the Krevo-Smorgoni sector during 1916. 

1917. 
1. Krevo-Smorgoni sector. 

On July 22 and 23, 1917, the 16th Landwehr Division suffered very heavy losses 
withstanding Russian attacks in this area. 

During the months which followed it gave its best elements to troops on the Western 
Front or to those assigned to the Western Front. At the end of November 70 per 
cent of the men of the 379th Landwehr Regiment were between the ages of 40 and 47 
years (Russian interrogatory). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 16th Landwehr Division has always been on the Russian front. Its combat 
value appears mediocre. 

1918. 

1. The 16th Landwehr Division was still in line near Krevno in January. Moving 
then toward the east, it was near Orcha in April, and near Kharkov early in May. 
The 346th Infantry Regiment, which had remained in Russia after the departure for 
France of the two other regiments of the 14th Landwehr Division seems to have 
been attached to the 16th Landwehr Division. 

Sea op Azov. 

2. Early in September the division was identified in the Tanganrog region. 
Roumania. 

3. The division left the Don region and went to Constantinople. It did not remain 
here however, but left immediately for Roumania, being identified at Constanza on 
October 28. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 273 

16tli Bavarian Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




9 Bav. 


11 Bav. 
14 Bav. 
21 Bav. 


9 Bav. 


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161 Bav. Light Am. Col. 


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HISTORY. 

(3d Bavarian Corps District.) 

1917. 

The 16tli Bavarian Division was formed at the end of January, 1917, by taking three 
infantry regiments from existing Bavarian divisions — ^the 6th Bavarian Division 
furnished the 11th Bavarian Infantry Regiment; the 5th Bavarian Division the 14th 
Bavarian Infantry Regiment; the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division the 21st Bavarian 
Reserve Infantry Regiment. The 3d Field Artillery Regiment came from the 6th 
Bavarian Division. 

Artois. , 

1. On February 12, 1917, the 16th Bavarian Division replaced the 6th Bavarian 
Reserve Division south of Lens, opposite Souchez. It suffered serious losses there in 
February and March (raids by Canadian troops). After a period of rest, in March, 
in the Douai area, the division returned opposite Souchez and suffered in the British 
attack of April 9, which forced it back beyond Vimy Ridge. It was relieved on 
April 11, very much exhausted. 

Flanders-Messines. 

2. Toward the end of April the 16 Bavarian Division took over the calm sector of 
Armentieres (East), south of the Lys (Deulemont-Frelingliien). At the beginning of 
June, on account of the menace of the British attack on the Messines front, the divi- 
sion was transferred north of the Lys. During the battle wMch started on June 9 it 

125G51°— 20 18 



274 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 

was not engaged as a whole ; it sent some of its elements soutlieast of Messines to reen- 
force the 4th Bavarian Division. 

3. The 16th Bavarian Division left the Lys sector, beginning of September, to go 
into reserve near Dadizeele, east of Ypres. 

4. On September 20 it came up to replace the Bavarian Ersatz Division, which was 
very much exhausted by the British attack. It counterattacked north of the Lys. 
Its losses were such that it was relieved the next day. 

5. After a period of rest at Bruges, the 16th Bavarian Division occupied the coast 
sector (Lombartzyde) from October 25 to November 22. 

Cambresis. 

6. Transferred to the Cambrai front, it went into line on Decembers (Bullecourt- 
Queant) and launched a local attack on the 12th. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 16th Bavarian Division appears to be of good combat value. It may be com- 
pared with the best Bavarian Divisions. It was very much exhausted at Ypres in 1917, 
but in general its morale remained high. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division did not participate in the initial attack of March 21, but remained 
in reserve of the front at Rumancourt. On the 23d it marched toward the front 
through Vaulx Vraucourt. The division was engaged at Sapignies on March 25, and 
on the 27th advanced on Gomiecourt, Courcelles, and Moyenneville. The division 
was relieved on April 7 and rested until the 26th. 

Ypres. 

2. It was reengaged south of the Scarpe, south of Feuchy, until May 19, when it 
moved north and took over a sector at Dranoutre. The route followed was through 
Cambrai-Tourcoing-Buskeque. On June 20 it went out to rest in the Lille area until 
the beginning of July. It returned to its former sector on July 4 and remained there 
until the end of July. 

Battle oe the Scarpe-Somme. 

3. It rested in the Lille area until August 20, when it moved south and was en- 
gaged west of Bapaume (Grevillers) in a German counterattack. It was tlurown back 
on Avesnes les Bapaume (26th), Bancourt (30th), Villers au Flos (1st), until its relief 
on September 5. Losses of the division were heavy in this fighting. 

4 . The division went into reserve in B elgium at Iseghem until the 28th . At this time 
the 8th Bavarian Regiment, coming from the 14th Bavarian Division, replaced the 
21st Bavarian Reserve, which was disbanded. 

Battle of Dixmude. 

5. It was engaged north of Ypres and west of Roulers (Westroosebeke) from Sep- 
tember 28 to October 5, with very heavy losses. The division was out of line for 10 
days and then came back on the 15th southwest of Thourout. The Belgium advance 
forced it back southeast of Bruges (Oct. 18-19). On the 28th the division was relieved, 
but was obliged to return to line on November 3 and fought until the armistice. 

value 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was engaged largely in holding defensive 
but active sectors on the British front in 1918, 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAH. 275 











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276 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(9th Corps District — Hanseatic cities and Mecklenburg.) 

1914. 

Upon mobilization, the 17th Division with the 18th Division formed the 9th Army 
Corps (Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklemburg). It gave its 81st Brigade to the 17th 
Reserve Division (9th Reserve Corps) (new organization). 
Belgium. 

1. August, 1914, the 17th Division formed a part of the 1st German Army (Von 
Kluck). On the 3d of August it sent one of its brigades, the 34th (Mecklenburg), 
to Liege, where it was rejoined by its reservists and by the other brigade, the 33d 
(Hanseatic), (Aug. 9-13). On August 20 the division was with the 9th Corps of 
Louvain. It went into action against the British troops on the 24th. It went around 
Mauberge on the 25th and passed through Nesle, Roye, Vezaponin (north bank of 
the Aisne) September 1. 

Marne. 

2. The division took part in the battle of the Marne at Chatillon sur Morin (Sept. 6), 
Esternay-Coiirgivaux (Sept. 7 and 8). It withdrew by way of Betz, Crepy en Valois 
Pierrefonds, crossed the Aisne at Rethondes (Sept. 11), and stopped in the area 
Carlepont, Nampcel, Audignicourt (Sept. 13). It went into action on the front 
Tracy le Mont east of Moulin sous Touvent (Sept. 16-21). 

OlSE. 

3. In October it took up the position near Baiily (from the Oise to east of St. 
Mard) and remained there until the middle of November, 1915. Some of its elements 
occupied the right bank of the Oise near Connectancourt (Oct. 5 to Dec. 25). 

4. November 17 it attacked Tracy le Val. 

1915. 

From January to October, 1915, it held the sector on the left bank of the Oise, 
east edge of the St. Mard wood. At the end of March the 76th Infantry Regiment 
was withdrawn and transferred to the 111th Division. 

1. June 14 to 16 certain elements of the division counterattacked at Quennevieres 
Champagne. 

2. Withdrawn from the sector of the Oise (about Oct. 15), the division was transferred 
to Champagne. It occupied the front between the road Souain, Somme Py, and St. 
Hilaire, St. Souplet. It launched an attack on December 7. 

1916. 

1. The division was retained on the Champagne front northwest of Souain until 
June, 1916. 

2. Relieved in the middle of June, it was sent to rest in the area southwest of 
Charleville (second half of June). ^ 

Somme. 

It entrained for the Somme between July 2 and 4. Certain elements of the 17th 
Division appeared in the sector of Biaches la Maisonnette, on July 9 and 10. The 
entire division was in line between Barleux and Belloy (July 10 to 25) and suffered 
heavy losses. 

3. The division was withdrawn from the front and reorganized (end of July 
to Aug. 15). 

4. From August 16 to August 20 to the middle of September it again occupied the 
sector of Barleux-Belloy. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 277 

Artois. 

5. At the beginning of October tbe division was sent to Artois. It held the line 
opposite Arras, between Roclin court and Bailly, until December 24. 

1917. 

SOMME. . 

1. About January 9, 1917, the 17th Division occupied the sector of Py, south of 
the Ancre. Local combats in the neighborhood of Grandcourt and Miraumont (in 
January and February) caused it serious losses. 

2. The di^/ision was withdrawn from the Somme front about March 20, at the time 
of the German retirement. It rested southwest of Douai (end of March and beginning 
of April). 

Artois. 

3. On April 10 it was sent as a reenforcement to Arras to oppose the British offensive. 
It held the sector of Oppy-Gavrelle and suffered a great deal in the course of counter- 
attacks. It was relieved on April 25. From March 27 to April 24 the 7th Company 
of 90th Fusiliers lost 115 men. (British Summary of Information.) 

4. After a rest in the Tournai area until May 9 the 17th Division went into line in 
the sector of Boursies, Demicourt (west of Cambrai). 

5. Relieved from this calm sector on May 28, it was sent to rest in the Cambrai area 
until June 9. 

Flanders. 

6. On this date it was transferred to Roulers by way of Valenciennes-Mons and put 
on the Ypres front north of Hooge. It was withdrawn three days before the British 
attack, on July 27, but suffered heavy losses from the bombardment. 

7. For five weeks, until September 23, the division occupied the calm sector of 
Havrincourt (south of the road Bapaume-Cambrai). 

8. On September 23 it again entrained for Flanders. Sent by way of Cambrai to 
Ledeghem, it went into action in the Polygon wood sector (northeast of Ypres). On 
September 26 it counterattacked without success and with great losses. It only 
remained in line for two days. In these engagements the 75th Infantry Regiment 
lost 30 officers and 1,000 men (British Summary of Information.) 

9. Relieved on September 28 from the Flanders front, the 17th Division was sent 
south of Lens on October 17. It was still there on February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 17th Division is recruited from the Hanseatic towns and the Duchies of Meck- 
lenburg. The sectional character was accentuated in June 1917, when the 89th 
Grenadiers took from the regiments of the 18th Division all the inhabitants of 
Mecklenburg who were in them. (Summary of Information, June 28.) 

However, one must take into account a certain proportion of Poles from the 6th 
Corps District, received in th^ replacements of 1917. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

On July 11, 1916, the following appreciation was written of the 9th Army Corps: 

"The 9th Army Corps gives the impression of a very good corps which would be a 
formidable adversary. The intellectual level of officers and men is appreciably 
higher than that ordinarily encountered in the German Army. This fact is due to 
the recruiting which, in most cases, is done in Hamburg, Bremen, and Luebeck." 

After the last combats of Flanders (July and September, 1917), the 17th Division 
was considered as having its combative force perceptibly diminished on account of 
its losses. 

In a general manner, the division has given a good account of itself in the course 
of its battles. 

The Danes, who are numerous in its ranks, fight well and do not appear to occasion 
any weakness. (October, 1917.) 



278 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division was relieved on the Acheville sector on February 17-18 by the 
12th Reserve Division and went to rest near Douai until mid-March. On March 21 
it was engaged near Lagnicourt and Moreuil (southeast of Arras), north of Vaulx- 
Vraucourt (22d), at Beliagnies and Lapigines (24th). The division was relieved on 
the 25th, after losing 50 per cent of its effectives. It rested until April 1, when it 
was reengaged near Bucquoy until the 10th. 

2. The division was relieved by the 5th Bavarian Division, retired to the Favreuil- 
Sapignies-Beugnatre area on the 10th, and the next day went into billets near Cam- 
brai. Later it moved to the Valenciennes area. On May 24 it left Bouchaiu and 
traveled via Marquion to Bapaume, where it came into line on that evening. While 
resting the division had undergone no special training. It is known to have received 
1,300 men as a draft during this period. 

3. It was reengaged in the Bucquoy sector from May 24 to June 23, when it returned 
to rest near Bouchain until July 17. The division was moved to Laon on July 24-25 
and from there marched to the Vesle front by stage. 

Vesle. 

4. About August 1 the division went into line between Bazoches and Mont Notre 
Dame. It fell back on the Aisne toward Bourg et Comin from September 3-4, where 
it was relieved on September 15-16. The German communique of August 28 men- 
tioned the 89th Grenadier Regiment for its conduct against the Americans at Bazoches. 

AlSNE-AlLETTE. 

5. The division was again in line on September 18 at Jouy-Aizy sector (north of 
Vailly). It retired to the Ailette on the 30th and shifted by rail to Semide. 
Champagne. 

6. On October 4 it was engaged southeast of Machault (Somme Py road). The 
French attack forced it back to east of Attigny, where it was relieved on the 19th. 

7. The division rested five days near Mouzon. It entrained on October 26 and 
moved to Rozoy, reaching there on the 27-28th. 

Abdennes. 

8. It was put into Line northwest of Chsafeeau Porcien on the St. Fergeux-Recouvrance 
Road on October 28-29th . For its fighting east of Banonge on the 29th, the 90th Regi- 
ment was complimented by the German communique of the 30th. (558 prisoners 
were lost by the diAdsion on the 29th.) In November the division was driven back 
through Seraincourt, Remaucourt, Chaumont Porcien, Rocquigny, St. Jean aux Bois. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. It was one of the best German diAOsions. Its 
conduct in the March offensive won the Kaiser's praise. Until August it was rel- 
atively fresh, but after that was engaged almost constantly in efforts to check the 
Allied offensive in Champagne. At the end the division was so reduced in numbers 
that it could muster but one or two battalions. 

Its morale was excellent until late in the fall, when it was lowered noticeably. A 
mutiny and other acts of indiscipline were reported. 



Divisioisrs or geeman army which participated in war. 279 



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280 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(9th Corps District. — Schleswig-Holstein and the Hanseatic cities.) 

1914. 

1. The 17th Reserve Division formed, with the 18th Reserve Division, the 9th 
Reserve Corps. One of its brigades is a surphis brigade of the 9th Army Corpa 
(the 81st). 

2. Diiring the first part of the month of August, 1914, the 17th Reserve Division 
was used to guard the coast of Schleswig-Holstein. 

Belgium. 

3. Entraining on August 23 for Belgium, it was at Louvain on the 25th, at Brussels 
on the 30th (until Sept. 3). It reached Termonde on September 4, and remained 
outside of Antwerp. 

OlSE. 

4. On September 9, it was transferred in haste to the Valencieimes area and then 
sent to the Oise. It detrained on the 13th at Chauny and went into action on the 
right bank of the Oise, south of Noyon (Sept. 15 to 20). 

5. About October 7 the 17th Reserve Division was sent to the vicinity of Roye, 
where it lost heavily. 

6. About the middle of November the division occupied the front between the Avre 
and Roye. On December 20 it was in line between Ribecoiu't and Thiescourt. 

1915. 

On January 4, 1915, the 75th Reserve Infantry Regiment entrained at Noyon for 
Upper Alsace (Hartmannswillerkopf), and did not rettu'n to the division until May. 
Roye (Somme). 

1. On February 6 the division left the banks of the Oise to go back to the area south 
of the Avre, between Lassigny and Roye. It remained in this sector until the month 
of October. 

2. Toward the end of September elements of the division formed a part of the Hartz 
Division in Artois (Sick and Balthasar Regiments). 

Artois. 

3. In October the 17th Reserve Division was withdrawn from the front south of 
Roye and sent to Artois, near Lens (Lievin-Givenchy). 

1916. 

1. The 17th Reserve Division remained in Artois until the battle of the Somme. In 
February it launched several attacks. 

Somme. 

2. About the beginning of July the 163d Infantry Regiment was sent, temporarily, 
to reinforce the 185th Division, engaged along the Somme near Cantalmaison. 

3. The 17th Reserve Division was in line as a whole north, of the Somme about 
July 25 (Bazentin-Pozieres). It remained there imtil August 9-14. 

4. It was sent to rest and to be reorganized near Valenciennes. 

5. At the end of August it occupied the sector of Loos-Hulluch (north of Lens). In 
September the 75th Reserve Infantry Regiment was sent to the 211th Division. 

6. About September 21 the division returned to the Somme (Le Transloy-Combles), 
where it lost heavily (losses, 51 per cent). 

7. Relieved about October 10 it was transferred to Belgium. 

8. From October 23-25 to the end of January, 1917, it was in line between Het 
Sas and the Ypres-Roulers railroad. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 281 

1917. 

1. At the end of January, 1917, the 17th Reserve Division was sent for a month's 
rest near Bruges, and again took over its sector. 

Artois. 

2. It left the Ypres salient at the end of March and went into line southeast of 
Arras. On April 9 it suffered very heavy losses from the British offensives (2,100 
prisoners). 

3. On April 12-13 the division was relieved and sent to rest and to be reorganized. 
Oambresis. 

4. On April 27 it took over the sector of Havrincourt (southwest of Cambrai) and 
occupied it until June 1. * 

Artois. 

5. Transferred to the Arras front, the 17th Reserve Division went back into line in 
the sector Gu^mappe-Monchy le Preux, where it launched several violent battles 
during the month of June. At the end of July it extended its sector toward the north 
(south of the Scarpe) . 

6. Relieved at the end of August it went back into line at the beginning of Septem- 
ber southeast of Arras (Vis en Artois). It lost especially heavy during the gas attacks, 
(It received, on Oct. 23, 40 men per company, coming from Hamburg and Beverloo, 
slightly trained, and on Nov. 10 men taken from the Russian front.) (Summary of 
Information, Dec. 2.) 

7. The 17th Reserve Division left Artois in the middle of November. 
Flanders. 

8. Sent to Flanders the division took over the sector at Becelaere about November 
18. The division was engaged against the British attack of December 3 and suffered 
heavy losses. It underwent violent attacks and left the front in the beginning of 
January, 1918. 

recruiting. 

The division is recruited in Schleswig-Holstein, the Hanseatic cities, and adjacent 
parts of Hanover. Some replacement troops were from Westphalia, and in September, 
1916, men from Brandenburg of the 1917 class. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

During the year 1917 the 17th Reserve Division launched a great number of terrible 
attacks on the Arras front and in Flanders. 

At Becelaere (Dec, 1917) it gave proof of great stubborness. The 162d Infantry 
Regiment carried out a successful attack in this sector on December 14. However, 
a few months before, on June 18, the 163d Infantry. Regiment is said to have refused 
to advance. (Summary of Information, June 19.) 

Although this division is not one of the best in the German Army and its morale is 
mediocre it is capable of offering serious resistance. 

1918. 

Battle of the Lts. 

1. The northern sector was a fairly quiet front in the winter montha and the divi- 
sion remained in line here until just before the German offensive on the Lys of April 9. 
Prior to this attack all of the division but one battalion of the 76th Reserve Regiment 
was withdrawn and sent hurriedly to the vicinity of Messines. It attacked there with 
other German divisions on the morning of April 9 under orders to take Messines by 
the evening of the 10th and to push ahead as far as possible. It gained considerable 
gi'ound at heavy cost. Elements of the 7th Division relieved part of the 17th Reserve 
Division a few days later, but the bulk of the division remained in line until about 



282 Divisi03srs of German army which participated in war. 

April 22, when it "was relieved by tlie 13th Reserve Division and the 19th Reserve 
Division. 

2. On April 24 the division arrived in the Maldeghem area for a long rest. While 
there the divisional and the brigade commanders were decorated for their part in the 
Lys offensive. Death notices published in the German newspapers disclosed the 
death of two battalion and many company commanders on the Lys. While at rest 
the division went through courses of training. On June 4 it entrained at Eecloo and 
moved via Mons and Marie to Tergnier. At this time the Noyon offensive (June 9) 
was being organized. The division marched at night to Boulogne la Grasse (10th) 
and went into line on the evening of the 11th near Mery, relieving the 227th Division. 

OlSE. 

3. The division was in heavy fighting immediately and suffered severely in the 
successful French counteroffensive of June 16. 

Battle of the Matz. 

4. The French attack in August threw the division back on Canny sur Matz and 
later north of Fresnieres. It passed to second line about August 31, but was reengaged 
on September 5 at Esmery-Hallon. It suffered heavy losses and was taken out on 
September 9. 

5. The division was moved to Lorraine, where it rested a month and returned to 
Le Cateau on October 10. 

6. The division was engaged at Le Cateau on October 11 and resisted the British 
attack until November 3. It fought near Le Cateau (Oct. 18), Bazuel (21st), Forest 
(23d), Landrecies (24th), and Bois L'Eveque (Oct. 27). The division received the 
men of the 265th Reserve Regiment (108th Division) as a draft in October. 

7. The division was out of line from November 3 to the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. Its effectives were generally young; 31 per 
cent belong to the 1919 class and 18 per cent to the 1918 class on October 1. It took 
a prominent part in the Lys and Noyon offensives, winning a reputation for its vigorous 
attacks. Its defensive work in October around Le Cateau was of a high order. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 283 






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284 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(380th Infantry Regiment: 1st and 17th Corpa Districts. 381st Infantry Regiment: 
12th and 5th Corps Districts.) 

1915. 

1. The 17th Landwehr Division, formed on the Eastern Front in the Niemen Army, 
with the elements of the former Esebeck Brigade, appeared about the month of 
December, 1915. 

Russia. 

2. Before forming a part of the 17th Landwehr Division the Esebeck Brigade took 
part in the offensive against the Russians north of Kovno (July-August, 1915), was 
east of Vilna about the end of September, and took up its position west of Kosiany 
(northwest of Postavy) in October. 

POSTAVY. 

3. The 17th Landwehr Division, being formed in this sector by the addition of the 
23d Landsturm Regiment to the Esebeck Brigade, remained in line in the area of 
Vidzy-Postavy (Tveretch), from the end of 1915 to the beginning of 1918. 

1916. 
1. The Division remained in the Tveretch sector. 

1917. 
1. The Division remained in the Tveretch sector. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is of mediocre value. 

1918. 

1. The 17th Landwehr Division was identified in the Tveretch region toward the 
end of January. 

2. About the middle of March it advanced into Russia and was identified in the 
Polotsk- Vitebsk region in March, April, and June. 

3. The division- was identified on the Don on September 26. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 285 



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286 Divisioisrs of gekman aemy which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(9tli Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marnk. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the ISth Division (of the 9th Army Corps, with the 
17th Division) formed a part of the 1st Army (Von Kluck). Entraining at Aix la 
Chapelle August 8-10, it was before Liege on the 13th, went into action at Tirlemont 
on the 18th, at Mons on the 23d, entered France on the 25th, crossed the Marne at 
Chateau Thierry on September 3, and took part in the battle of the Marne on Septem- 
ber 6 and 7, at Esternay and Oourgivaux. 

AlSNE. 

2. After the retreat it took up its position north of the Aisne, where it remained 
for more than a year in various parts of the aector. 

1915. 

In March, 1915, the 84th Infantry Regiment was taken from the 18th Division to 
help in the formation of the 54th Division. 

Aisne. 

1. Until October, 1915, the 18th Division occupied the sectors of the Aisne. On 
June 3 the 86th Fusiliers attacked at Queimevieres, suffering enormous losses. (Be- 
tween June 18 and July 3 its 5th Company received at least 115 men as replacements; 
the 8th Company, 120.) 

Champagne. 

2. From October, 1915, until June, 1916, the 18th Division was in Champagne 
(Souain area). 

1916. 

1. On February 25, 1916, the 31st Infantry Regiment suffered heavy losses south 
of St. Marie a Py; its 11th Company was entirely destroyed or captured. 

SOMME. 

2. From July to September, 1916, the 18th Division was in action along the Somme 
(south of the Somme). At Belloy, on September 4, the 4th Company of the 86th 
Fusiliers was destroyed with the exception of 23 men. 

Artois. 

3. From October until the beginning of December the division was in the Arras 
area (east). 

4. It left Artois about December 12 to take over a sector along the Somme (Grand- 
court). 

1917. 
Somme. 

1. About February 18, 1917, the 18th Division was withdrawn from the front, then 
sent back into line at the beginning of March, at Puisieux-Gommecourt (Somme). 

Artois. 

2. At the end of March it was transferred to Artois, north of the Scarpe, and went 
into action at Roeux and Fampoux, from April 10 to April 23. 

3. Relieved at the end of April, it went back into line about May 8, in the area south 
of Arras, and from that date until the end of August occupied sectors in the vicinity 
of Cambrai (Villers-Plouich, Havrincom-t, Marcoing). 

Flanders. 

4. On August 27 the 18th Division was relieved from the Cambrai front (Ribecourt- 
Marcoing sector) and entrained for Flanders, where it was made an army reserve in 
the Ruddervoorde (northeast of Thom-out). It was there reorganized with replace- 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAIN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 287 

ments coming from troops of the 9th. Corps District stationed in Russia (taken from 
the 426th Infantry Regiment, the 31st Landwehr Regiment, and the 3d Ersatz Re- 
serve Regiment). 

5. It went into the sector Mangelaere about September 16 and underwent the 
Franco-British attack of October 9, which caused it rather serious losses. 

Russia. 

6. The 18th Division was relieved about October 14 and transferred to Russia, 
where it made a rather short stay in the Vilna area. 

Alsace. 

7. It was back in Upper Alsace about the end of November, in the region of Mul- 
house, at the beginning of February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 18th Division is recruited from Schleswig-Holstein (Prussians and Danes). A 
certain proportion of Poles from Silesia appeared in the replacements of 1917 (espe- 
cially in the 31st Infantry Regiment). • 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 18th Division has always passed as being a good division. However, in the 
course of the Franco-British attack of October 9, 1917, none of its elements carried 
out the counterattacks described by their leaders; however, in order to form a correct 
judgment of this, one must take account of the intensity of the bombardmelit, the 
state of the terrain, and the weakness of the effectives in line at that moment. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1. The 18th Division left Alsace, entraining at Mulhouse, about the 12th of Feb- 
ruary, and traveled via Thionville and Sedan to Bertry, where it detrained after a 
journey of 2J days. It relieved the 107th Division near Gonnelieu (south of Cambrai) 
the 16th. It was withdraw-n the beginning of March, and had a few days' training 
near Ligny en Cambresis. 

2. It left here on the 17th and marched to Malincourt, where it stayed three days. 
St. Quentin. 

3. It reenforced the battle front near Hargicourt (north of St. Quentin) on March 
21. The next day the division commander was killed. The division was withdrawn 
about the 26th. 

SOMME. 

4. During the night of March 29-30 the division relieved the 1st Division near 
Sailly le Sec (south of Albert). Here again heavy losses were suffered. The division 
received a draft of 500 men, mostly returned wounded. It is not clear just what hap- 
pened during this period and as late as about the I8th of May, when the division was 
withdrawn, but it seems as though its regiments and the regiments of the 50th Re- 
serve Division and the 199th Division interrelieved each other. 

TOURNAI. 

5. The division went to the Tournai region, where it rested, was completely re- 
constituted, and trained. 

SoiSSONS. 

6. On August 1 it reenforced the battle front near Launoy (southwest of Soissons), 
after having left Tournai July 21 and having detrained at La Fere the following day. 
Toward the end of its tour in line (it was withdrawn during the night of Oct. 12-13),, 
it retreated along the line Froidmont-Eppes. 



288 DIVISIONS OF GERMA]:^ ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED I'M WAR. 

OlSE. 

7. Tlie division was transported by truck and relieved the 22d Reserve Division 
near Bernoville (northeast of St. Quentin) on October 15. On the 17th it withdrew 
to Grougis, and then to the Sambre Canal. During these operations it lost more than 
500 prisoners. It was withdrawn about the 28th. 

8. On November 4 the division reenforced the front near Hannapes (north of Guise) 
and withdrew, with the remainder of the line, through Iron, the Noiivion region, 
Boulogne sur Helpe, and Etroeung. It was still in line on the 11th. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 18th Division is rated as being first class. Since the spring, however, it has not 
been used to any great extent where heavy fighting was in progress, and it may well 
be it has deteriorated. It is known that part of the 6th Company of the 86th Regiment 
refused to go into line on October 25 until it was threatened with being shot. 



Drvisioisrs of german army which participated in war. 289 























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2 Co. 9 Res. Pions. 
218 T. M. Co. 

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418 Tel. Detch. 
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290 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg.; 
1914. 

1. The 18th Reserve Division formed the 9th Reserve Corps, with the 17th Reserve 
DlAdsion. 

Belgium. 

2. From the outbreak of the war until August 22, 1914, the 18th Reserve Division 
was guarding the coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Entraining about this time, it went 
into Belgium, where it advanced rapidly. After taking and sacking Louvain (Aug. 
25) it occupied Hamme (Sept. 1), Termonde (Sept. 4). 

OlSE. 

3. On the 9th it was hastily transferred by way of Tournai and Valenciennes to the 
Oise area. Entraining on the 13th at Chauny, it reenforced the front south of Noyon 
and went into action between Carlepont and Lassigny (Sept. 15-21). 

4. At the beginning of October the 18th Reserve Division was taken to the valley 
ot the Avre. It fought in the vicinity of Roye (Laucourt, Oct. 2-3). At the beginning 
of November the division front extended between the Avre and Beuvraignes. 

Lassigny. 

5. On November 15 it bore to the south and held the region of the Loges-Lassigny 
wood. 

1915. 

In March, 1915, it gave the 90th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 54th Division, 
a new formation. 

1. The 18th Reserve Division occupied the Lassigny area until October, 1915, 
without any serious engagements. In October it took over elenjents of the Hartz 
Division (6th Army), among others the 3d Battalion of the 31st Infantry Regiment 
which contained foiu" battalions from May, 1915, to September, 1916. 

Artois. 

2. About October 23 the division was sent to Artois (Givenchy), where it launched 
several local attacks. 

1916. 

1. The 18th Reserve Division remained in the Lievin-Givenchy sector until July, 
1916. 

SOMME. 

2. After a few days at rest, July 13 to July 28, it took part in the battle of the Somme, 
north of Pozieres, in several serious attacks. 

3. It was reorganized in the Valenciennes area during the second half of August. 

4. At the end of August, it was sent northeast of Lens (Pont a Vendin). 

5. At the beginning of October the 18th Reserve Division again went into action 
along the Somme, north of Combles, (Morval, Sailly Saillisel). It suffered heavily 
in a series of local attacks. 

Flanders. 

6. Withdrawn from the front about October 12-16, the division was transferred to 
Belgimn. On October 23-25 it went into line north of Ypres. 

1917. 

1. The 18th Reserve Division occupied the Ypres salient (Pilkem) until the end of 
March, 1917. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 291 

Artois. 

2. After a short rest at Roulers, the division was concentrated at Vitry en Artois 
(Apr. 1). Going into action southeast of Arras (Heninel), it underwent the British 
attack (Apr. 9), which caused it heavy losses (500 prisoners). 

3. The division left the Artois front about April 15, and after a few days at rest took 
over the sector of Cherisy-Guemappe (southeast of Arras in May). 

4. At the beginning of June the 18th Reserve Division was relieved and sent to rest. 

Flanders. 

5. Transferred to Flanders about June 16, it first remained in reserve behind the 
Messines front. On July 3 the division was in action west of Houthem and suffered 
severe losses in consequence of local actions and bombardments. 

6. Relieved about August 8, it was at rest in the Cambrai area until August 16. 
It then occupied the quiet sector of Queant (west of Cambrai) until the middle of 

October. 

7. It was sent to Flanders again on October 20, and went into line near the Ypres- 
Menin railroad (Oct. 28-29). 

RECRUITING. 

The 18th Reserve Division is recruited in Schleswig-Holstein. 

The Mecklenburgers, according to an order in 1917, had to return to their national 
regiment, the 90th Infantry Reserve Regiment, which no longer belonged to the 
division. A limited number of men from the 7th and 10th Corps districts (Westphalia 
and Hanover) is found. 

A'ALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 18th Reserve Division has the same value as the 17th Reserve Division. 
At the end of 1917 it is difficult to form an opinion as to its combat value. 
It has not been in any serious action since the battle of Arras, having arrived 
in Flanders when the autumn operations were about at an end. The morale of the 
division may be considered as passable. (British Summary of Information, February, 
1918.) 

1918. 

1. The 18th Reserve Division was relieved by the 214th Division in the Gheluvelt 
sector on January 6. It went to rest in the vicinity of Menin and while there was 
intensively trained in open warfare. 

Ypres. 

2. On February 18 the division relieved the 214th Division in its former sector north 
of Gheluvelt (east of Ypres). It was relieved by the 7th Reserve Division about 
March 31. 

La Bassee. 

3. It reinforced the battle front near Locon (northwest of La Bassee) on April 9, and 
was withdrawn about the 18th, going to rest in the Sainghin area (southeast of Lille). 

4. On May 14 it relieved the 25th Division west of Locon, and was relieved by the 
extension of fronts of the neighboring divisions about the 18th of June, when it went 
to rest in the region of Gondecourt (east of La Bassee). 

5. About the 14th of July it relieved the 1st Guard Reserve Division near Givenchy 
(north of the La Bassee Canal — west of La Bassee); relieved September 3, it went to 
rest in the region north of Denain. 

Cambrai. 

6. On the 29th of September the division reentered the line near Proville and 
Rumilly (south of Cambrai), and was still in line when the armistice was signed. It 
was thought that it had been withdrawn October 8, again on the 18th, and on the 4th 
of November, but considering the speed with which the German withdrawal was 



292 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

executed, the confusion necessarily incident thereto, and the fact that the division 
always turned up a day or two later in the same relative position it had previously 
occupied, it seems best to assume that it was continuously in line. 

VALUE — 19T8 ESTIMATE. 

The 18th Reserve is considered a second-class division. It did not distinguish 
itself in the Lys offensive, and it is reported that thereafter it was to he used only as 
a holding division. At any rate, it engaged in no other German offensives, and, 
indeed, no other heavy fighting, until the beginning of October or sometime after 
practically the whole front had become active on account of the combined allied push. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 293 





































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294 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(47tli Landwehr Regiment: 5tli Corps district. — Posen.) (57th Landwehr Regiment: 
Tth Corps district. — Westphalia.) (72d Landwehr Regiment: 4th Corps district. — 

Prussian Saxony.) 

1914-15. 
Russia. 

1. The 18th Landwehr Division is the former Bredow Division. 

Poland. 

2. After being engaged in September, 1914, in the battle of the Mazurian Lakes, 
the Bredow Division fought in the Polish campaign: Battle of Warsaw (Oct. 9-19, 
1914); battles on the Rawka (Oct. 22-28); near CzenstochoW (Nov. 10-Dec. 15); 
between Pilica and Nidi, in the mountainous region of Kielce (December, 1914, to 
July, 1915). 

3. In the middle of July, 1915, the division was in action near Sienno and before 
Ivangorod (breaking of the Russian front), crossed the Vistula (end of July), was in 
action between the Vistula and the Bug (Aug. 8-18), and advanced in action as far 
as Slonim and the Upper Chtchara (September). The -front becoming stabilized in 
this area, the Bredow Di\dsion took up its position southeast of Novo-Grudok (near 
Goroditche in October and November). At the end of November it went into the 
sector southeast of LLakhovitchi (south of Baranovitchi). The number 18 appears to 
be given to the Bredow Division in December. 

1916. 
Baranovitchi. 

1. The 18th Landwehr Division remained on the front south of Baranovitchi 
(Liakhovitchi) for more than two years (November, 1915, to the beginning of 1918). 
From July 2 to July 9, 1916, it withstood the Russian attacks in this area. 

2. In June, 1916, two regiments of the division, the 57th Landwehr and the 133d 
Landwehr, were transferred to Volhyania (north of Lutsk), assigned to the Rusche 
Division and were in action against the offensive of Broussilov. The 57th Landwehr 
Regiment rejoined the 18th Landwehr Division near Baranovitchi in August. The 
133d Landwehr Regiment was provisionally a part of the 92d Division. 

1917. 

1. The division held the sector Baranovitchi-Liakhovitchi. 

2. In October 900 men from the 18th Landwehr Division, chosen from among the 
youngest, were entrained for the western front. In April a number had been taken 
from the 72d Landwehr Regiment for the 5th Reserve Division. In November the 
47th Landwehr Regiment furnished men to the 15th Division. As the 18th Landwehr 
Division had received no replacements since the end of July, the trench strength of 
the 72d Landwehr Regiment had fallen, at the end of October, to 50-60 men per 
company (Russian interrogation). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIIIATE. 

The division has been on the Russian front since the beginning of the war. Combat 
value appears to be mediocre. 

1918. 

1. In February, 1918, the 18th Landwehr Division advanced into the interior of 
Russia. The 72d Landwehr Regiment was identified between Mohilev and Gomel 
on February 2. In May the 57th Landwehr Regiment held the very long front from 
north of Kopys to south of Chklov. 

2. In the middle of June the division was in the Orcha region. It was again iden- 
tified in the region of Mohilev on the 22d of September. 

3. There were rumors during October that the division had come to the Woevre, 
but since the division was never actually identified it is not believed that it left 
Russia. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 295 



























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296 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(10th Corps District — Hanbver and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.) 

1914. 

1. The 19th Division constituted, at the outbreak of the war, with the 20th Di\d- 
eion, the 10th Army Corps (Hanover), which was a part of the 2d Army (Von Buelow). 
Belgium-Marne. 

2. On August 3 one of its brigades, the 38th, was at Malmedy for the attack upon 
Liege, where it went into action on the 5th. After the fall of Liege the 19th Divi- 
sion, going around Namur on the north, fought at Charleroi on the 23d, entered 
France on the 25th, and went into action at Guise, at St. Quentin. It took part in 
the battle of the Marne on the right of the 20th Division, and then withdrew with 
that division to the northwest of Reims. 

Champagne. 

3. In October it was in the same sector attached to the 7th Army (Von Heeringen) 
and remained during the winter of 1914-15. 

1915. 

Russia. 

1. In March, 1915, the 73d Fusiliers left the division to become a part of the 111th 
Division (a new formation). 

2. In April the 19th Division was sent (with the 20th) to Galicia, where it took 
part in the offensive of Mackensen's army. This campaign caused heavy losses; 
in the 91st Infantry Regiment, between May and September, the casualties totaled 
127 officers and 4,291 men. (Official List of casualties.) 

3. Entraining at Warsaw on September 17 the 19th Division, together with the 
20th, was taken to Antwerp, then, by way of Namur and Givet, to Champagne. There 
it remained behind the front to reinforce the 3d Army at the time of our attack on 
the Champagne front (September) 

France. 

4. It was relieved about October 17. After a few days rest in the area of Grandlup, 
Missy les Pierrepont, it occupied the Hurtebise-Vauclerc line at the end of October. 

AlSNE. 

5. About December 19 it was withdrawn to the rear (Parfondru area). It remained 
in reserve of the army and received training. 

1916. 

1. The division again went into line at the beginning of January, 1916 (Hurtebise- 
Vauclerc sector) and remained there until the middle of May. Then it was sent to 
Sissonne and received training until June 7. 

Russia. 

2. About June 8 it left Sissonne and entrained for the Eastern Front. Itinerary: 
Laon-Sedan-Trfeves-Coblentz-Limberg-Marburg-Cassel-Leipzig - Breslau - Bautzen - 
Iwagorod-Kovel (June 12). 

3. The division was retrained, on the Russian front from June until November. 
It underwent the Broussliov offensive, and in November formed a part of the 4th 
Austrian Army in action on the Volhynia front. 

France. 

4. About November 8 it entrained and left Russia to return to the Western Front. 
Itinerary: Kovel-Brest-Litowsk-Warsaw-Thorn-Berlin-Hanover-Aix la Chapelle- 
Li^ge-Namur-Givet-Hirson. 

5. After a few days of rest, the 19th Division entrained for Rethel. It was billeted 
in the vicinitv until the end of December. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 297 

1917. 

1. After a stay in Alsace (January, 1917) the 19th Division came into reserve in 
Champagne in February. 

Champagne. 

2. On February 24 it occupied the sector Ripont, Cernay en Dormois. 

3. On March 6 it was transferred to the Rheims front (Brimont, Cavaliers de Coucy 
in April and May). Only its right wing was engaged in the French offensive. 

4. Relieved on the 10th of June and sent to rest, it was in action shortly afterwards 
southwest of Moron villiers, then on the Cornillet-Monc St. Blond front, where it 
underwent th^ French attacks of July 14 and suffered heavy losses. 

5. On July 20, it left this area and in two days marched to the sector north of Ville 
sur Toiube. 

Meuse. 

6. About September 7 it was sent to the Verdun area (Beaumont-Sam ogneux). 
It there launched several attacks. 

7. Relieved from the Beaumont sector at the end of December, the 19th Division 
occupied the Forges sector (left bank of the Meuse) about January 6, 1918. There it 
was relieved by the 84th Division beginning of February. 

RECRUITING. 

The 19th Division is recruited from Hanover. The 91st Infantry Regiment is re- 
cruited in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. There were very few replacements from 
other corps districts. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 19th Division must be considered a good division (September, 1917). 

1918. 

1. The division rested at Stenay until March 6, when it entrained and traveled via 
Sedan-Charleville-Anor to Landrecies, going into billets at Hecq. On the 17th it 
marched to Croix and in the evening proceeded via Le Cateau to Honnechy. On 
the night of March 19-20 it marched to Brancourt, and on the 21st followed up the 
attack as far as Maissemy . The 91st Regiment crossed the Somme at Brie on the 25th 
and by the 28th had reached Harbonnieres. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. It was in support until the 31st, when it was engaged near Marcelcaves. In the 
fighting in this locality between the 30th and April 6, the division lost 50 per cent 
of its effectives. The heaviest losses were incurred on March 31 at Brie where a bat- 
talion commander, ordered to attack, was unable to do so because of his losses. 

3. The division rested until April 16 in the neighborhood of Proyart and Framer- 
ville. About 1,000 men were received as reinforcements at this time. 

Somme. 

4. It was engaged on April 18, north of Hangard, until the 20th. Two days of rest at 
Harbonnieres followed, and it returned to line on the 24th. The French attack of 
the 26th caused the division severe losses and it withdrew on April 28. It was reen- 
gaged on the same sector on May 6 and in line until May 29. While in line the division 
received drafts of 1,200 men. 

5. The division rested until the 1st of June in the vicinity of Cambrai. It marched 
toward the Lassigny front by night, passing through Ham (June 2), Esmery-Hallon, 
Tilloloy (June 7-8). 



298 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

i 

NOYON. 

6. It was engaged on June 9 in the Lataule wood and was in line until the 14th. It 
entrained on the 21st and moved to Lorraine, where it relieved the 3d Guard Division 
at Bezanges on June 25. It rested on this quiet front until July 29, when the 81st 
Reserve Division from Flanders relieved it. 

Vesle. 

7. The division rested near Fort Brimont until mid-August, when it moved by 
stages to the Vesle front. It entered the line northeast of Fismes on September 1 
and remained during the month. The division withstood the French attack of the 
31st, losing about 700 prisoners. It was forced to retire on Ventelay and Chaudardes 
(Oct. 1), and later on Pontavert, Craonne, toward Sissonne (Oct. 11-12). It was in 
second line about the 13th to 18th. 

Laon. 

8. On October 19 it was again in line near Sissonne. In the retreat it retired by 
Boucourt, la Ville aux Bois, Montcornet. After November 4 it was identified near 
Renneval, Iviers, and Aubenton (Nov. 8). 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. It was regarded as one of the best German 
divisions. It resisted with great obstinacy the French counterattack at Hangard, 
April 26. Its morale remained good until the end of October. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 299 













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300 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(10th. Corps District. — Hanover; Grand Duchy of Oldenburg; Duchy of Brunswick.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne . 

1. The 19th Reserve Division, constituting at the outbreak of the war, with the 2d 
Reserve Guard Division, the 10th Reserve Corps, was a part of the 2d Army (Von 
Buelow). It entrained near Cologne August 10-12, was concentrated at the Elsenhorn 
Camp and entered Belgium on the 15th by way of Spa. Going down the left bank 
of the Meuse near Li^ge, it crossed the Sambre west of Charleroi on the 22d; went 
into action on the 23d at Nalinnes; entered France on the 26th at Avesnes, and fought 
on the 29th and 30th between St. Quentin and Ribemont. Continuing on its way 
through Braine, it crossed the Marne at Dormans and took part in the battle of the 
Marne between Vauchamps and Montmirail (Sept. 6 to 7). 

2. It retired on the 7th by way of Orbais, Vertus, Epernay, Rilly la Montagne 
(Sept. 10) Rheims (Sept. 12). 

Champagne. 

8. It fought, in the middle of September, north of Rheims and established itself 
on the front Brimont-Courcy-B^theny (October-December). 

1915. 

1. The division occupied the sector north of Rheims until the beginniag of February, 
1915. 

Perthes. 

2. About February 2, elements of the division were transferred to the Somme Py 
and went into action in the Perthes les Hurlus area, where they took part in serious 
battles. 

3. The division remained in Champagne (Souain-Perthes) until the month of 
April. 

Alsace. 

4. About the end of April it was sent to Alsace (valley of the Fecht). At this time, 
the 10th Reserve Corps was broken up because of the employment of its two divisions 
on two separate fronts (19th Reserve Division, Vosges, 2d Reserve Guard Division, in 
the north). These two divisions are now independent. The 19th Reserve Division 
suffered very heavily in Alsace (valley of the Fecht) and lost 154 officers and 5,033 
men (Official List of Casualties), of whom 60 ofiicers and 1,964 men belong to the 74th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment. 

Champagne. 

5. On September 30 the 37th Reserve Brigade entrained to reenforce the units 
engaged in the Tahure sector (Champagne), where it went into action on October 8. 
Alsace. 

6. The 37th Reserve Brigade rejoined the 39th Reserve Brigade in Alsace at the 
beginning of November. At this time the entire division was concentrated in the 
vicinity of Mulhouse. 

7. In December elements of the 19th Reserve Division took part in the struggle 
for the possession of Hartmannswillerkopf (Dec. 21-29). 

1916. 

1. The 19th Reserve Division remained in the Meuse area until March, 1916. 
Verdun. 

2. About March 15 the division entrained and was transferred to Verdun. It went 
into action in the sector Douaumont-Haudremont-Thiaumont (Apr. 17 to June 21). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 301 

Its regiments made successive attacks and suffered heavily (attacks of Apr. 17, 24, 
May 7, and June 21). At the end of April and during the month of May, elements 
of the division were sent to rest in the vicinity of Montm^dy. 
Argonne, 

3. At the beginning of July the 19th Keserve Division was -withdrawn from the 
Verdun front and went into the Argonne (La Harazee). It had lost 79 per cent of its 
infantry at Verdun. From April 25 to July 19 the 4th Company of the 74th Infantry 
Regiment had received no less than 195 men as replacements; the 9th Company of 
the 73d Infantry Regiment, 211 men. 

SOMME. 

4. On October 10 it was transferred to the Somme (sector of Gueudecourt les Boeufs) 
and took part in limited actions which caused serious losses. 

C6tes de Meuse. 

5. Relieved on October 26-28, it went into line on the Cotes de Meuse (Les Eparges) 
on October 31. 

1917. 
Chemin des Dames. 

1. On February 18, 1917, the 19th R,eserve Division left the Eparges sector for the 
front south of Laon. Concentrated in the region of Arrancy-Ste. Croix, it went into 
line about March 1, on the crest of the Chemin des Dames (Ailles-Hurtebise). It 
underwent the French attack of April 16, which caused it to suffer severely (900 pris- 
oners). 

On April 20 elements of the Division launched a counterattack (Poteau d' Ailles). 
The 19th Reserves Division remained in line until April 21. 

Russia. 

2. After two weeks' rest in the vicinity of Sissonne, the division was transferred to 
Russia. It entrained at La Capelle on May 7. Itinerary: Charleroi-Namur-Liege- 
Aix le Chapelle -Dusseldorf-Hanover-Berlin-Bromberg-Koenigsberg-Shavli-Mitau; 
detraining at Gross-Ekkau on May 11, it was called on July 23 to help the extausted 
226th Division between Smorgoni and Krevo. 

Riga. 

3. At the end of August or the beginning of September the diAdsion took part in 
the operations which began at the taking of Riga and of Duenamuemde (September). 

France. 

4. On September 11 the division entrained near UxkuU for the Western Front. 
Itinerary: Mitau - Shavli - Koenigsberg - Posen - Cottbus- Leipzig- Gotha- Mayence- 
Kreuznach-Luxemburg-Sedan-Hirson. It detrained at Vervins on September 17. 

Flanders. 

5. Transferred to Flanders (Sept. 20-24) it occupied the Polygon wood sector east 
of Ypres (Sept. 28). It underwent the British attack of October 4, when it lost very 
heavily. It was relieved immediately. (On Sept. 29 the 12th Company of the 92d 
Reserve Infantry Regiment had only 3 officers and 86 men.) 

Meuse. 

6. After a rest near Sedan, in the course of which it was reorganized with mixed 
replacements from Beverloo and the recruit depot of the 228th Division, the division 
went northwest of Verdun in October (Malancourt sector). 

7. Sent to rest in the Stenay area on December 22, the 19th Reserve Division occu- 
pied the Chaume wood sector on January 15, 1918. It was still there at the beginning 
of March. 

RECRUITING. 

The I9th Reserve Division is recruited from the 10th Corps District (Hanover, 
Oldenburg, Brunswick). There are few elements foreign to the district. 



302 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

During the French offensive on the Chemin des Dames on April 16 the 19th Reserve 
Division gave the impression of having energetic and intelligent leadership. The 
attitude of the men waa generally good. 

The division suffered enormous losses on the Aisne. 

The quality of the replacements received and its stay on the Russian front have 
diminished the value of this division, which was a good combat unit. 

The presence of a certain number of Poles and Alsatians must be noted who are 
inclined to desertion (67 deserters from the 73d Reserve Infantry Regiment on Sept- 
28, 1917). (November, 19U7.) 

1918. 

1. About April 6 the division was relieved and moved to Belgium, entering line 
at Dixmude on April 17. 

Battle of the Lys. 

2. On the 25th the division moved south and reenforced the battle front at Vier- 
straat. It fought in the Ypres area until May 1, when it was relieved, after losing 
about 40 per cent of its effectives. 

Champagne. 

3. The division appeared in Champagne on May 10, taking over the sector west of 
the Suippe from the 232d Division. About June 1 a battalion of the 78th Reserve 
Regiment was detached and took part in the attack on Rheims. Afterwards it re- 
turned and the complete division was in its sector on June 15. The division waa 
withdrawn from Champagne just before the July offensive. 

4. It was reengaged in Champagne on July 27 south of Le Mont sans Nom. It 
continued in this sector until the 1st of September. 

5. The di-^/ision moved directly from line in Champagne to line south of Coney le 
Chateau, where it was engaged until October 14. Withdrawn from the Selle front, 
elements of the division were immediately engaged on the Oise at Mont d'Origny 
(Oct. 17), but the bulk of the division was not identified until October 24, south of 
Catillon. Until the armistice the division fought in the viciaity of Catillon (Nov. 
4) Fesmy (5th), Prisches (6th), Lemont Fontaine (8th). 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. In 1918, except for the Lys offensive in April, 
the division was engaged only on the defensive. 



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304 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th and 19tli Corps Districts — Saxony.) 
1914. 

VOSGES. 

1. The IQth Ersatz Division (Saxon) detrained on August 18, 1914, before Strass- 
burg. In action in the Vosges on the 20th, it went up the valley of the Bruche and 
fought on the Meurthe below St. Die, at St. Michel, and advanced to La Salle (Sept, 6). 

Lorraine. 

2. Having suffered in these engagements, the division was withdrawn. On Sep- 
tember 19 it was in the Blamont area, where it was reenforced by the 5th Bavarian 
Landwehr Brigade. It occupied the sector of Blamont-Ember-Menil-Parroy. 

1915. 

IjORRAINE. 

1. In 1915, and until October, 1916, it guarded the same front in Lorraine (from 
the canal of the Marne to the Rhine as far as the Cirey area). 

2. About the month of April the 100th Landwehr was reattached to the division, 
the battalions of which were grouped in July into 4 Ersatz Regiments (Nos. 23, 32, 
24, 40). 

1916. 
Lorraine. 

1. During its stay in Lorraine the 19th Ersatz Division was not engaged in any 
serious fighting. The 23d Ersatz, alone took part in the affair of Thiaville, February 
28, 1916. 

Cotes de Meuse. 

2. Relieved in the area of Badonviller-Leintrey, at the beginning of October, 
191G, the 19th Ersatz Division was reduced to three regiments (23d, 32d, 24th Ersatz) 
and sent to the Briey area (Oct. 8) and from there to Verdun (sector of Watronville- 

Damloup) . 

1917. 
Cotes de Meuse. 

1. The 19th Ersatz Division remained in the same sector of the Cotes de Meuse for 
almost all of the year 1917. It lost very slightly. 

2. Withdrawn from the sector Moraruville-Watronville about November, the divi- 
sion was sent to rest in the Longwy area. 

Bezonvaux. 

3. About December 8, it was assembled and sent to Spincourt where, on Decem- 
ber 11, it went into line north of Bezonvaux. 

RECRUITING. 

The 19th Ersatz Division is recruited from the Kingdom of Saxony. 

value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 19th Ersatz Division remained in Lorraine for a long time; it did not take part 
in any serious battles. After October, 1916, it only occupied quiet sectors on the 
Cotes de Meuse. 

It can not be considered as an attack division. 

1918. 

1. The division occupied the quiet Beaumont sector untU June 30, when it was 
put at rest near Longuyon until July 11. During this time the division vaa given 
training to fit it for a war of movement. On July 16 it was moved to the Rheims 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 305 

front. Entrained at Montmedy on the 12tli, the division reached Nouvion Porcien 
the next day, and went by stages to Bermericourt (northeast of Rheims), where it 
rested in resei've. On the 17th it moved to the vicinity of Rozoy. 
Battle op the Aisns-Marne. 

2. From July 20 to 31 the division was engaged in severe fighting at Plessier-Huleu 
and Grand Rozoy. 

3. It rested near Marie until the 21st of August undergoing reconstruction. It 
entrained on that date at Voyenne and reached La Fere the next day, from where it 
marched to Barisis and Folembray. 

Battle op the Ailette. 

4. The division entered the line in the Quierzy-Manicamp-Champs area on 
August 23. It sustained a French attack on the 28th, losing nearly 500 prisoners. 
The division was withdrawn on September 3. 

5. The division was moved by train from Voyenne to Haboudange via Marie Mont- 
cornet, Sedan, Montmedy, Longuyon, Audun le Roman, Thionville, Metz, and 
Benestroff. It marched to Hampont to the Huhnerwald Camp, where it rested until 
September 15. 

Lorraine. 

6. It entered line at Arracoiu't on the loth and occupied that quiet sector until 
the end of hostilities. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. In 1918 it saw but two weeks' service on an 
active front. 

125651°— 20 20 



806 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 307 

HISTORY. 

(383d Landwehr Regiment: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg. 385tli Landwekr Regi- 
ment: 7th Corps District — Westphalia. 388th Landwehr Regiment: 12th Corps 
District — Saxony.) 

1916. 

Belgium. 

1. The 19th Landwehr Division was formed at the same time as the divisions of the 
200 Series (September-October, 1916). It was formed at Cortemarck on September 
29, 1916, by the union of the 383d, 385th, and 388th Landwehr Regiments. These 
were made up of Landsturm battalions (Service of Supplies) of the 4th Army in 
Belgium, to which were added retiu-ned wounded. The 3d Battalion of the 388th 
Landwehr Regiment (Saxon) is the old 4th Battalion of the 100th Landwehr. 

DiXMUDE. 

2. In the beginning of October, 1916, the 19th Landwehr Division replaced the 204th 
Division in the Dixmude-Steenstraat sector. It remained there more than a year. 

1917. 
Russia. 

1. Relieved from the Dixmude front about the middle of October, 1917, the 19th 
Landwehr Division was transferred to Russia at the beginning of November. 

Riga. 

2. Arriving in the Riga area about November 15, it went into line near the coast. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 19th Landwehr Division is made up either of elderly soldiers or those of mediocre 
physical strength, forming a body of men incapable, it appears, of an offensive effort. 

In Belgium, however, the division organized an assault troop capable of making 
assaults. 

1918. 
Livonia. 

1. The 19th Landwehr Division was identified on the shores of the Baltic in March. 
The 383d Landwehr Regiment was at Libau on May 8; the 385th Landwehr Regiment 
at Riga on the 15th. 

Finland. 

2. Toward the end of July all three regiments of the division were identified in Fin- 
land, but seem to have gone to Esthonia by August, where they were again identified 
in October. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



308 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 309 

HISTORY. ^ 

(lOth Corps District — Hanover and Brunswick.) 

1914. 

The 20tli Division and the 19th Division formed the 10th Army Corps (Hanover). 
France. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 20th Division went to the Elsenborn Camp, 
August 8-10, and entered Belgium on the 11th. It was a part, with the 10th Corps, 
of the 2d Army (Von Buelow). It fought at Charleroi, at Guise, at St. Quentin. It 
took part in the battle of the Marne from September 6 to 9 (Congy, Mondement), after 
which it retired by way of Neufchatel sur Aisne to the northwest of Rheims. It took 
up its position between the Aisne and Brimont. 

1915. 

At the beginning of 1915 it was still holding the lines in the vicinity of Rheims. 
At the end of March the 164th Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 111th Division 
(new formation) . 
Galacia. 

2. At the end of April, with its regiments raised to four battalions each, the 20th 
Division (as well as the 19th Division) was sent to Galacia, where it took part in the 
operation of Mackensen's army. It lost very heavily there. From July 28 to Septem- 
ber 23 the 11th Company of the 77th Infantry Regiment received at least 133 men as 
replacements. 

France. 

3. Brought back to France in September, the 20th Division took part, in the month 
of October, in the battles in the Champagne. 

4. From November, 1915, to June, 1916, it held a sector north of the Aisne (west 

of Craonne). 

1916. 
Russia. 

1. On June 8, 1916, the 20th Division, with all of the 10th Army Corps, was trans- 
ferred again to the Eastern Front. In four days it arrived in the Kovel area by way 
of Berlin and Brest Litowsk. 

2. On June 13 it was engaged in stopping the Russian advance and then occupied 
a sector near EaseLin. Its regiments were filled up, in September and October. 

From. June to November the losses of the 92d Infantry Regiment had averaged 
160 men per company. (Statements of deserters.) This is the number of the replace- 
ments received during the same period by the 9th Company of the 77th Infantry 
Regiment. 
France. 

3. The 20th Division was relieved on November 11 and entrained on the 15th for 
France. Itinerary: Warsaw-Kalich-Berlin-Dusseldorf-Aix la Chapelle-Liege- 
Namur. Billeted first in the area of Anor Hirson, the 20th Division was sent to the 
Sissonne Camp, where its regiments received training 

4. At the end of December the division took over the sector of Moulin sous Touvent, 
Chevillecourt, where it was relieved on January 30, 1917. 

1917. 

1. In February, 1917, the 20th Division was transferred to Alsace (Sundgau) in 
anticipation of a French offensive. 

2. In the beginning of March it was brought back to the Laon area, where it was 
billeted until the French attack of April 16; its regiments received some replacements. 



310 DIVISIONS Or,GEKMAIsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Chemin DBS Dames. 

3. In the night of April 16 all the units of the division were assembled. On April 
17-18 they took their positions along the plateau of the Chemin des Dames on both 
sides of Cerny en Laonnois, relieving the 16th Reserve Division, which had suf- 
fered heavy losses. Between April 18 and May 5 the three regiments of the 20th 
Division suffered heavy losses from bombardments. On May 5 (renewal of the general 
attack by the French) the division again lost heavily. It was relieved immediately 
after the attack. (Apr. 27 to Aug. 10, the 10th Company of the 77th Infantry Regiment 
had received not less than 211 men as replacements.) 

4. After a few weeks of rest, the division was put into line (end of May) in a sector 
of Champagne (Moron villiers). 

Russia. 

5. In the beginning of July it was relieved and transferred for a third time to the 
Russian front, first in Galicia and then in Courland. It remained there until Septem- 
ber 19. At this date it entrained at Riga and was brought back to France by way of 
Chavli, Kovno, Grodno, Bromberg, Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, Aix la Chapelle, 
Mons, Valenciennes. 

Flanders. 

6. Arriving at Roulers on September 27, it immediately went into action in an 
attacking sector, north of Zoimebeke, without having any rest, on October 4. 

Artois. 

7. Relieved almost immediately, it was put into line on October 17 in the Queant 
sector, where it still was at the begianing of February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

It is recruited from the Province of Hanover in the Duchy of Brunswick. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

It had very heavy losses on May 5, 1917 (many killed, 700 prisoners), which, joined 
to the preceding losses, lessened the value of the 20th Division very much. 

It is to be noted that two weeks before the attack of May 5 the units of the division 
defended themselves obstinattely. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1. The division was relieved by the 119th Division about the middle of January; 
it, in turn, relieved the 119th Division during the first week in February. It was 
relieved by the 195th Division on February 16, and marched to Aubigny au Bac; 
it reached Basaecles (southeast of Tournai) the 18th. Here it was given a month's 
course of training in open warfare. 

2. On March 14 the division marched to Peruwelz and then via St. Amand-Lourches- 
Bouchain, arriving at Pronville, where it entered line on the 20th. It advanced 
through Noreuil, Bapaume, Grevillers, Irles, and Miraumont. During this fighting 
the division suffered severely, its casualties amounting to 50 per cent of its effectives; 
very few officers left. It did not advance with the rest of the line during the night 
of the 24-25th, its place being taken by the 24th Division. It followed in support 
of the line, however, and relieved the 24th Division east of Colincamps on the 29th. 
A document captured on the 28th shows that the strength of the 3d Battalion of the 
77th Regiment (excluding the machine gun company) was reduced to 214 men. 
Another battalion was reduced to 80 men and 1 officer. 

WOEVRE. ^ 

3. The division was withdrawn early in April, and was sent to the Mars la Tour 
region, where it rested and was reconstituted. About the 20th it relieved the 82d 
Reserve Division in the Seuzey-Lamorville-Spada sector (north of St. Mihiel); 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 311 

relieved toward the end of the month, it went to the Arlon area, where it received 
large drafts (in large part of the 1919 class), and where it was put through a long and 
thorough course of training. Toward the end of June it was transported to the Sedan 
area, from which it marched (about July 15) toward Soissons. 

SoiSSONS. 

4. On the 21st of July the division reinforced the front near Villemontoire (south o. 
Soissons) . Here heavy losses were again suffered . It was relieved by the 50th Reserve 
Division on the 29th and went to rest in the Chimay area, where it received a draft 
from the disbanded 260th Reserve Regiment (78th Reserve Division). 

Arras. 

5. On the night of the 27-28th of August the division moved up into the Drocourt- 
Queant line, south of Drocourt, and during the following days went into line in the 
Oppy sector (northeast of Arras), where a British attack was expected. The^iyision 
was withdrawn again during the night of September 1-2. 

6. On the 3d of September it came into line near Ecourt St. Quentin (south of 
Arleux), and covered the withdrawal across the Canal du Nord. It was withdrawn 
on the 10th. 

Cambrai. 

7. On the 12th it counterattacked in the Havrincourt sector (southwest of Cambrai). 
During the subsequent fighting the division suffered heavy losses. It was with- 
drawn on the 1st of October. 

8. After a few days' rest it relieved the 21st Division in the Montbrehain sector 
(southeast of Cambrai), where it fought until the 13th, when it was relieved and went 
to the vicinity of Montmedy, where it rested for about three weeks. Losses, 70 
per cent. 

Meuse. 

9. The division was expected to enter line west of the Meuse, but the orders were 
changed suddenly, and it entered line to the east of it near Reville on November 5. 
It remained in line until the 11th, not being heavily engaged, however, all the pris- 
oners captured subsequently stating that they were members of. rear-guard detach- 
ments. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 20th is rated as a first-class division. It fought well throughout the year and 
suffered enormous losses. Besides the replacements already noted, the division 
received a large draft from its recruit depot in September (about 50 men per com- 
pany); September 28, the 92d Regiment received 93 men; October 30, the com- 
panies received 30 men apiece from the 27th Reserve Regiment (197th Division, 
dissolved); the companies had a combat strength of 80 to 100 men. 



312 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 313 

HISTORY. 

(384 til Landwehr Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony. 386th Landwelir 
Regiment: 9th Corps District — Mecklenburg. 387th Landwehr Regiment: (?). 

1916. 
Belgium. 

1. The 20th Landwehr Division dates from September 29, 1916. It was formed at 
Roulers from the 384th, 386th, and 3S7th Landwehr Regiments. These regiments, 
formed at this time, respectively, atMenin, Renaix, and Cooescant, were formed two- 
thirds of men from the Landsturm battalions assigned to the Service of Supplies in 
Belgium, and one-third of returned wounded. 

DiXMUDE. 

2. At the beginning of October, 1916, the 20th Landwehr Division relieved the 
206th Division in the sector Dixmude-Schoorbakke. It was retained there until the 
middle of November, 1917. 

1917. . 
Cambkai. 

1. Sent into line southwest of Cambrai (Nov. 1917), the division suffered heavily 
in the British offensive of November 20, when it lost 2,773 men as prisoners. It was 
relieved the day after this action. 

Russia. 

2. Between November 28 and December 5, the 20th Landwehr Division was trans- 
ferred to the Eastern Front. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is of mediocre value. 

1918. 
Pinsk-Ukraine. 

1. After having held the sector south of Pinsk from December, 1917, to February, 1918, 
the 20th Landwehr Division went into the Ukraine in March. The 384th Landwehr 
Regiment was in the region west of Gomel on April 23; the di-vision was at Jitomii* in 
May. The division was still in Ukraine on the 16th of October. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



314 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 315 

HISTORY. 

(18th Corps District — Hesse-Nassau, Hesse-Hombourg, Franlcfort.) 

1914. 

The 21st DivisLon belonged organically with the 25th Division of the 18th Army 
Corps District (Frankfort on the Main). 

Ardennes. 

1. In August, 1914, it formed a part of the 4th Army (Duke of Wurttemberg) . 
Entering Luxemburg on August 10, Belgium August 12, it fought on the 20th at 
Neuf Chateau, on the 22d at Bertrix and Orgeo, on the 24th at Matton, and crossed 
tbe Meuse on the 28th. 

Marne. 

2. In September it took part in the battle of the Marne between Vitry and Sermaize 
(Etrepy, Pargny sxir Saulx). From thei'e it retired in the direction of Rheims, being 
in action northwest of the city from September 15 to 20. 

3. In October it was reassigned with the 18th Army Corps to the 2d Army, wliicli 
at this time formed the right flank of the German Army (vicinity of Roye). 

1915. 

SOMME. 

1. It was retained with its army corps for a year in the vicinity of Roye (until Oct. 
15, 1915). In March, the 25th Division transferred the 88th Infantry Regiment for 
the formation of the 56th Division. 

2. On October 15, 1915, it was withdrawn from the front and sent for a long rest 
near St. Quentin. 

1916. 

The 80th Fusiliers took part in the attack at Frise on' January 29, 1916. A few 
days afterwards the 21st Division was transferred north of Verdtm. 
Verdun. 

1. From Februaiy 27 to March 16 it was engaged at Verdun (Caures wood, Louve- 
mont, Douaumont). 

2. From March 17 to April 9 it was reorganized (imperial review on Apr. 1, at 
Marville). 

3. From April 10 to 25 it again attacked at Verdun. One may judge of the losses 
by the replacements destined to make them good: From February 27 to May 10 the 
1st Company of the 80th Fusiliers received at least 205 men; the 5th Company of 
the 81st Infantry Regiment at least 306 (Soldbuecher). The total losses of the 21st 
Division from March 15 to May 19, 1916, amounted to 8,549 officers and privates for 
the infantry alone. (Official List of Casualties.) 

4. About May 15 the 21st Division occupied the sector West of Craonne, where it 
was relieved in September. Two battalions of the 87th Infantry Regiment were 
sent in haste to Fricourt at the time of the Somme offensive (July 2). 

SoMME. 

5. Between September 12 and 15 the 21st Division was transferred to the Somme 
(sectors of Clery-Bouchavesnes), where it suffered hea\dly. 

6. At the beginning of October it was withdrawn from the Somme front and sent 
to the Cotes de Meuse in the Apremont area, which it occupied until November 10. 

7. At the end of November it again went into action on the Somme (sector of 
Gomiecourt wood of Kjatz) and remained there until February 10, when it went to 
rest near Chaumont Porcien. 



316 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1917. 

AlSNE. 

1. On February 26, 1917, the 21st Division was taken to the front south of Berry au 
Bac, between the Godat and Loivre. 

2. The three regiments of the division were on line on April 16 and underwent our 
attack, which caused them very heavy losses (2,319 prisoners). 

Russia. 

3. Relieved, about April 19, the 21st Division rested for a few days in the Neufchatei 
area and then entrained for the Eastern Front (about May 9) . On the 16th it detrained 
at Vilna. After reorganization, it took over a sector, on June 14, in the neighborhood 
of Postavy (north of Lake Narotch), which it occupied until the end of September. 
There was no important operation during this period. 

France. 

4. On September 25 it was again transferred to France. Itinerary: Vilna-Posen- 
Leipzig-Frankfort on the Main-Saarebruecken-Luxemburg-Sedan. 

5. Arriving from Russia on October 1, it went into line about the 28th, in the sector 
northeast of Rheims. After a rest in January, it returned there in February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 21st Division is recruited in Hesse-Nassau, Hesse-Homburg, and Frankfort. 
They have borrowed very few from other districts, except from the 8th (Rhine 
Province), its neighbor. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 21st Division showed itself, in the course of our attack of April 16, 1916, as a good 
division, which put up a serious resistance. 

The 81st Infantry Regiment, however, was criticised for its conduct on April 4. 
(Order of the 42d Brigade, of Apr. 9.) (See Appendix to the British Summary of 
Information of May 12, 1917.) 

On the Russian front, according to the statement of a deserter (Nov. 7, 1917), the 
attempts at fraternization and exchange of the Russians were badly received by order 
of the German commanders. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Clonay-La Pompelle sector until April 23. A local 
operation was attempted on March 1, with the demolition of Fort La Pompelle as the 
objective. 

2. Wlien relieved on April 23, the division rested several days at Warmer! ville 
before being transported to St. Quentin. From there it marched by stages to Rosieres 
en Santerre (May 1) and later to the Avre front. 

PiCARDY. 

3. It relieved the 2d Bavarian Division, on May 3-4 in the sector south of Thennes 
and held that sector for five weekS; On June 12, the division moved into second line, 
and reappeared in line west of Castel-Bois Senecat in mid-June. During local opera- 
tions, June 26 and July 2, the division lost a number of prisoners. It was relieved about 
the end of July. 

Battle of the Somme. 

The division returned to line on August 13 to oppose the British drive on the Somme. 
It was engaged north of Lihons (13th) and east of Proyart. Toward the end of August 
it was forced to retreat through Cappy, Frise, Clery, and Le Mont St. Quentin, until its 
relief on September 1. Twelve hundred prisoners were lost during the fighting. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 317 

La Chateau. 

5. On September 9, the division was reengaged northwest of Jeancourt for four days, 
again losing heavly in prisoners. From the 13th to the 30th the division rested in the 
vicinity of St. Quentin, close to the front. It was put back in line at Bellicourt on the 
80th and remained in until October 7. 

6. The division rested in the Charleroi area and later at Ghent. It was brought back 
to the front by stages and reengaged east of Deynze (Petegem-Ouest de Nazareth) on 
October 31. In the closing days, the division was identified south of lieurne (Nov. 5), 
Gelsen (8th), Wendle (8th), south of Ghent (10th). 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. In 1918 it was used entirely on the defensive. 
At the end the regiments had been reduced to two battalions of three companies. 
Morale was very low in the fall. Between August 14 and the middle of October the 
division lost 2,473 prisoners on the Somme battle front. 



318 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 





















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320 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(18th. Corps District — -Hesse-Nassau and the south of Westphalia.) 

1914. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 21st Reserve Division formed, with the 25th 
Reserve Division, the 18th Reserve Corps. It belonged to the 4th Army (Prince 
Albrecht of Wurttemberg). Detraining near Saarburg ''Rhine Province) on August 
10-12, it passed to the north of Luxemburg and entered Belgian Luxemburg, by 
Martelange. 

Ardbnne. 

2. After fighting at Neufchateau on August 22, the 21st Pv,eserve Division reached 
Carignan on the 25th, fought at Mouzon on the 28th, crossed the Mouse at that point, 
and from there, by Grandpre, skirting the Argonne to the west, it arrived at the 
Mame-Rhine Canal on September 6. 

Argonne-Champagne. 

3. At the battle of the Marne it went into action on the Saulx in the vicinity of 
Mogneville (Sept. 7-10, south of Revigny). It effected its retreat by way of the 
Givry en Argonne, Ste. Menehould, Vienne la Ville, and stopped on the heights to 
the south of Cernay en Dormois on September 14. 

4. The 21st Reserve Division estal'lished its positions in the sector of Ville sur 
Tourbe and remained there until June, 1916. 

1915. 

Champagne. 

1. From January to December, 1915, the division was in the sector of Ville sur 
Tourbe north of Massiges a L'Aisne. 

2. In September the division took part in the Champagne battle. 

1916. 

1. The 21st Reserve Division continued to occupy the Massiges sector from January 
to June, 1916. 

Verdun. 

2. After a rest in the Briey area from the end of June until July 15, the division was 
sent to Verdun (sector of Ftimin wood) where it went into action from July 15-25 to 
the beginning of September. During this period it suffered heavy losses, which 
made it necessary to give men as replacements on August 12, taken from the 83d 
Landwehr Regiment and the 36th Reserve Infantry Regiment, taken in haste from 
the Argonne; at the end of August it received conscripts of the 1917 class who had 
only been called up in May, many of whom came from depots in Baden. 
Champagne. 

3. At the beginning of September, the 21st Reserve Division came back into its 
own sector of Ville sur Tourbe. A short time afterwards it gave the 81st Reserve 
Infantry Regiment to the 222d Division a new formation. 

4. In the middle of October it was sent to rest in the Rethel area. 
Verdun. 

5. On August 26 and 27 it was concentrated in the vicinity of Senon-Foameix. It 
occupied the sector of Hardaumont until December 7. After a few days' rest it was 
brought back into line at Verdun (Bezonvaux, on Dec. 16). 

1917. 

1. The division left the Verdim front on January 11, 1917, very much exhausted. 
Lorraine. 

2. On February 24, 1917, it took over the sector Letricourt-Moncel in Lorraine. 
Aisne. 

3. After a few days' rest at Morhange it entrained on April 14 for the Aisne. De- 
training between Hirson and Vervins, it was concentrated in the "Ndcinity of Prouvais- 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAIST ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 321 

Amifontaine. On April 18 and 19, after the French advance of April 16 in the \dciaity 
of Juvincourt, it took up its position between the Miette and the Aisne as a reenforce- 
ment di\dsion, and then to replace units in the line. It attacked on May 18, near the 
Mauchamp Farm, and suffered heavy losses. 

4. Relieved between the 27th and 30th of May, it was sent to rest and reorganized 
(June replacements; mostly men of the 1918 class). 

Champagne. 

5. It then occupied a sector in Champagne southwest of Nauroy from July 19-20 
to October 22. 

Cambrai. 

6. After a rest in the vicinity of Cambrai in November, it went into action at the 
end of November, east of Cambrai (southeast of Boiulon). It remained in line south 
of the Bapaume-Cambrai road until the end of December. 

RECRUITING. 

The division is recruited in Hesse-Nassau and the extreme southern part of West- 
phalia. It received few outside elements except under exceptional circumstances 
' (e. g., on Aug. 12, 1916, at Verdun). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 21st Reserve Division is a good division. (October, 1917.) 
On the Aisne front (April to May, 1917) the- 21st Reserve Division held a difficult 
sector. . The unsuccessful counterattacks which it launched there diminished its 
offensive value. Nevertheless, on the whole, it gave a good account of itself. 

In Champagne (August to October, 1917) its activity was limited to a few assaults 
carried out energetically. 

1918. 

1. In the March offensive the division advanced from la Vacquerie to Beaumont 
Hamel, which it reached on March 27. Here the line stabilized and it held this 
sector throughout April, May, and June. It was relieved by the 16th Reserve Division 
on the night of July 3-4. " 

Battle op the Somme. 

2. The division rested in the Bapaume area until it returned to line northwest of 
Hamelincourt on August 6-7, relieving the 5th Bavarian Division. It met the British 
attack in the region and was driven back through Croisilles, Cherisy, and St. Leger 
until its withdrawal on August 30. Nine hundred prisoners were lost in the engage- 
ment. 

3. The division rested in the Tournai area until September 18, when it reenforced 
the front south of Villers-Guislain. About this time the 81st Reserve Regiment was 
broken up and distributed among the regiments of the 21st Reserl^^e Division. The 
division fought at Gouzeaucourt (28th), Gonnelieu (30th), Banteux (30th), Gouy 
(Oct. 3), Beaurevoir (5th), Villers Outreaux (8th), Clary (9th), Le Cateau (11th). 
After losing 1,550 prisoners the division was withdrawn on October 17. According to 
a divisional order of October 1, the strength was so low as to warrant the reduction in 
half of the normal allotment of kitchen and supply wagons. 

4. The division returned from close reserve on October 23 northeast of Haussy. In 
the closing days it fought at Vendegies (24th), Ruesnes (24th), Orsinval (Nov. 2), 
southwest of Wargnies le Grand (4th), east of Villers Pol and in the Gommegnies sector 
(5th). The division withdrew on November 8. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. During 1918 its service was entirely in 
the area north and south of the Somme, where it saw a great deal of heavy fighting. 
12.5651°— 20 21 



822 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

21st Landwehr Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


11 Ldw. 


20 Ldw. 
35 Ldw. 
435 Ldw. 


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35 Ldw. 
435 Ldw. 




4 Sqn. 6 Cuirassier Rgt. 


4 Sqn. 6 Cuirassier Rgt. 




Artillery 


Art. Command: 

253 Ldw. F. A. Rgt. 


(?) 




Engineers and Liaisons. 


(421) Pion. Btn.: 

1 Landst. Co. 14 C. Dist. Pions. 
406 T. M. Co. 
521 Tel. Detch. 


414 Pion. Btn.: 

1 Ldw. Co. 3 C. Dist. Pions. 

1 Landst. Co. 15 C. Dist. Pions. 

80 Seaxchlight Section. 
521 Signal Command: 

521 Tel. Detch. 

175 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and veterinary . 


553 Ambulance Co. 
54 Res. Field Hospital. 
105 Res. Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


553 Ambulance Co. 
54 Res. Field Hospital. 


Transports 


797 M. T. Col 


797 M. T. Col. 









HISTORY. 

(20th and 35th Landwehr Regiments: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg. 435th Land- 
wehr: Mixed — 11th and 14th Corps Districts.) 

1917. 

Belgium. 

1. The 21st Landwehr Division was formed in April, 1917, by the addition of the 
435th Regiment to the two regiments of the 11th Landwehr Brigade. This brigade, 
until then independent, had come to Belgium the 2d of August, 1914, had detached 
certain of its elements in Picardy, from the end of September to the end of November, 
and had fought near Ypres in November and December. From March to October, 
1915, it acted as garrison at Brussels and Antwerp. At the end of December, 1915, 
it reappeared on the Belgian front between Dixmude and Ypres (from Steenstraate 
to the Ypres-Zonnebeke road). 

Russia. 

2. In May, 1917, the 21st Landwehr Division was identified in the vicinity of Arras. 
On May 16 it entrained for the Eastern Front. Itinerary: Liege- Aix la Chapelle- 
Paderborn-Halle-Posen- Warsaw. Detraining at Brest- Litovsk on May 21, it remained 
in training for 10 days, was then sent to the Niemen front, and occupied the Vichnev 
sector until March, 1918. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 21st Landwehr Division did work in the service of supplies in Belgium and held 
very calm sectors in Russia. Its offensive value seems mediocre. 

On the Russian front in January, 1918, the 20th Landwehr Regiment received 600 
men of the 1919 class in exchange for its men of 25 to 35 years of age sent to the Western 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 323 

Front. Before being brought back to France in March, 1918, the 35th Landwehr 
Regiment left its older men in Russia and received 900 men of 19 to 30 years of age. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Badonviller sector from April 29 until the armistice. The 
division was strong in the number of effectives, but their quality and morale was low. 
The division was rated as a fourth-class division. 



324 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 325 

HISTORY. 

(11th Oorpa District — Electorate of Hesse.) 

1914. 

1. The 22d Division formed a part of the 11th Army Corps (Cassel) with the 38th 
Division. 

Belgium. 

2. One of its brigades, the 43d, was sent to Liege and entrained on August 2-3, 1914. 
The other rejoined it there and after the surrender of the city the 22d Division, with 
the rest of the 11th Army Corps, formed a part of the 3d Army (Von Hansen). It went 
to Namur and then to Eastern Prussia. 

Russia. 

3. In October the 22d Division (and the 11th Army Corps) was in Polaiid, where it 
remained until May, 1915. It took part in the violent attacks along the Bzura and the 
Rawka. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. In April, 1915, the division gave the 32d Infantry Regiment to the 103d Division 
(a new formation). . 

2. In July it was separated from the 38th Division. It took part in the offensive of 
the 11th Army (Mackensen), and arrived on the Styr in October. It then formed a 
part of the 4th Austrian Army. 

1916. 

1. In the spring of 1916 the 22d Division was in the rear of Vilna (May), after having 
been at Mitau. On June 11 it entrained at Mitau for Vilna. 

G ALICIA. 

2. It then formed a part of the troops destined to withstand the Russian offensive in 
Galicia and took up its position on the Lipa. 

ROUMANIA. 

3. In December it was sent to Roumania and operated in Moldavia. 

1917. 

G ALICIA. 

1. It returned in January, 1917, to the 4th Austrian Army on the Lipa. 

2. At the beginning of July it was in Volhynia (Mikolajow, northwest of Brody). 

3. On July 7-9 the division was relieved and sent to the area south of Tarnopol. It 
arrived there on July 15 and took part in the offensive against the Russians. It 
suffered rather heavy losses in the beginning, the Russians having resisted for several 
days. 

4. The 22d Division remained in this area until October 7. On this date it was 
relieved and entrained for the Western Front (itinerary: Brzezany-Torgau-Erfurt- 
Frankfort on the Main-Mayence-Sarrebrucken-Thionville-Montmedy), detraining at 
Douzy (east of Sedan) about October 14. 

, At the end of October the division, after a few days of rest, was put in line in the 
Forges sector (Verdun area) , where it had a few losses (November, December) . January 
1918, it was on the front north of Verdun (right bank of the Meuse). 

RECRUITING. 

The 22d Division is recruited from the electorate of Hesse. Alsace-Lorrainers were 
numerous during its stay on the Eastern Front. 



326 DIVISIONS OF GERMAIT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

^ VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 226. Division, coming from Russia, where it had had rather easy victories, 
appeared to have a relatively good morale. Its spirit, however, did not appear very 
combative (Nov. 1917). 

1918. 

1. The division was in line on the right bank of the Meuse (Samogneux-Cote 344) 
from January, 1918, to the end of May, when it was relieved by the 6th Bavarian 
Division. 

2. It was in reserve southwest of Reims on June 16, and came into line at Anthenay 
on June 20. About the 1st of July the 103d Division relieved the 22d Division, which 
went to rest in the neighborhood of Fismes and Hourges. 

Battle op the Marne. 

3. The division was engaged southeast of Ville en Tardenois (Chambrecy, Champlat, 
Velval) July 15-26. It fell back in the line Romigny-Ville en Tardenois and was 
relieved on August 7. About 400 prisoners were lost in this fighting. 

Battle op the Somme. 

4. The division rested in the Cambrai area untU August 29, when it was moved up 
to the line. On the 1st of September it was engaged on the Arras-Cambrai road near 
BuUecourt. The British attack rolled it back on Inchy and Marquion, where it was 
withdrawn on the 10th. The division lost 1,100 prisoners in the week of fighting. 

The Scarpe. 

5. It rested until September 28, when it came into line north of Cambrai (Epinoy), 
Sancourt, Blecourt. About October 1 it was moved north and relieved the 48th 
Reserve Division north of the Scarpe. In the sector it fought until October 23 (south 
east of Lille, St. Amand, southwest of Odomez). 

6. Upon its relief, the division marched from Thulin, west of Mons, on October 24- 
to the Le Quesnoy area, and on the next day relieved the 185th Division east of, 
Ghissegnies. In November it was in the fighting around Le Quesnoy and Gommegnies 
until its withdrawal on November 7. 

value 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was employed in the July offensive, but 
made little headway. On the defensive the division appears to have done better 
than many divisions of a higher rating. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 327 



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328 DIVISION'S OP GEEMAlSr APtMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(11th Corpa District — Electorate of Hesse and Thuringia.) 
1914. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 22d Reserve Division formed the 4th Reserve 
Corps with the 7th Reserve Division. It was a part of the 1st Army (Von Kluck). 
Belgium. 

2. Concentrated at Dusseldorf (Aug. 10) the 22d Reserve Division reached^russels 
by way of Aix la Chapelle, Tongres, and Louvain. The 94th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment remained at Brussels until September 5, when it was hastily called to rejoin- 
the division. The 71st Reserve Infantry Regiment remained there until August 31 
and then figured in the battle of the Marne on September 6. 

Marne. 

3. The 44th Reserve Brigade joined to the 7th Reserve Division went to Ath, Conde, 
Amiens (Aug. 30-31), and Creil (Sept. 2), almost without combat, but by forced 
marches to the extreme right flank of the 1st Army. In action on the right bank of 
the Ourcq, it withdrew to the north of the Aisne. 

4. The 43d Reserve Brigade, of which only one regiment had fought with the 44th 
from September 6 to 9 was filled upon the 9th and went to Peronne. On September 
11, strengthened by the 72d Reserve Regiment, detached from the 7th Reserve 
Division, it was concentrated north of Compiegne. 

Tracy le Mont. 

5. Until September 20 the 43d Reserve Brigade fought in the vicinity of Tracy le 
Mont with some elements of the 7th Reserve Division. The 44th Reserve Brigade 
was engaged with the majority of this division on the Noiivron Plateau. 

NOUVRON. 

6. On September 20 the 43d Reserve Brigade rejoined the 44th (Hautebraye- 
Chevillecourt. 

7. On November 12 elements of the division took part in the attack on the Nouv- 
ron Plateau and suffered rather heavy losses. 

1915. 

Aisne. 

1. The 22d Reserve Division occupied the lines between the Aisne and the Oise 
until the autumn of 1915. 

2. In January, 1915, elements of the division took part in the battle around Soissons. 
In April, 1915, the 32d Reserve Infantry Regiment became a part of the 113th 
Division. 

Champagne. 

3. At the end of October the 22d Reserve Division left the area northwest of 
Soissons to go to Champagne (Souain sector). 

1916. 

1. The 22d Reserve Division left Champagne at the end of January, 1916; it went 
to rest at Attigny, which it left on February 29. 

Verdun. 

2. From March 1 to 5, at the height of the Verdun offensive, the division was 
reassembled between Dun and VUosnes behind the front. On March 6 it attacked 
on the left bank of the Mouse. In took part in the operations in this sector (valley 
of the Forges and Corbeaux wood) until the middle of April. In the first attacks of 
March the 6th Company of the 82d Reserve Infantry Regiment required replacements 
of 90 men, among whom were recruits from the 1916 class. After a few days of rest 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GEEMAlsr AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 329 

the 22d Reserve Division again attacked at Verdun, south, of Corbeaux wood and 
near the Mort Homme (May 23 to beginning of June). It lost very heavily. Its 
attacks at Verdun had cost it 90 per cent of its infantry. From April 24 to June 26 
the 1st and 4th Companies of the 11th Battalion of Reserve Chasseurs had each 
received at least 204 men as replacements; the 6th Company of the 94th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment, from March 9 to June 15, 217 men; the 8th Company, 207 men. 

3. The division rested and was reorganized in the vicinity of Fourmies-Hirson; it 
was then sent between St. Quentin and Tergnier. 

SOMME. 

4. At the beginning of the Somme offensive the 22d Reserve Division was con- 
centrated southeast of Peronne on July 2. It went into action south of the Somme 
(Biaches-Belloy), and suffered heavy losses (1,500 prisoners between July 2 and 
July 10). 

Champagne. 

5. Transferred to Champagne, it rested for a few days and then went into line east 
of Rheims (Auberive sector) and in the Prosnes sector at the end of August. 

6. At the end of October, after it had rested in the Rethel-Vouziers sector until 
November 10, the division was placed behind the Cambrai-St. Quentin sector. 
Somme. 

7. It went back to the Somme at the beginning of December east of Rancourt and 
remained there until December 20. 

1917. 

1. The 22d Reserve Division passed the month of January, 1917, at rest in the 
Valenciennes area. 

2. In February it took over the Saillisel sector, where it took part in secondary 
action. In March the division took part in the withdrawal and established itself in 
the Hindenburg line between Gonnelieu and Le Catelet. 

3. About May 20 the 22d Reserve Division went to rest in the neighborhood of 
Lens and Tourcoing. 

Flanders. 

4. On June 14 it went into line in the Comines sector, west of Warneton, where it 
remained until the end of June. 

5. After a period of rest north of Lille (end of June to July 23-24) it went into action 
southeast of Zillebeke, wh«pe it underwent the British attack of July 31, and suffered 
very heavily. 

6. Relieved immediately after the attack, the division was sent to the Bullecourt 
sector (Aug. 10-Sept. 22). 

7. Until October 5 it rested in the vicinity of Courtrai. At this date it occupied 
the Becelaere sector as a counterattacking division, supporting the 4th Guard Division, 
and suffered heavily from bombardments (Oct. 5-21). 

Lorraine- Alsace. 

8. At the beginning of November it was in line in Lorraine, southwest of Delme, 
^hen in Alsace (sector of Aspach south of the Rhone-Rhine Canal in December). 

RECRUITING. 

The 22d Reserve Division is recruited from the Electorate of Hesse and Thuringia. 
In case of emergency replacements are occasionally furnished by neighboring corps 
districts (8th Corps in June, 1916). At the end of October, 1917, unequally trained 
men were received from the Eastern Front (the 71st Infantry Reserve Regiment 
receiving men from the depot of the 146th Infantry Regiment, men from the Service 
of Supplies, convalescents, or men of mediocre physical quality). 



330 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Tlie 22d Reserve Division is a mediocre division (December, 1917). The units of 
the nth Corps District have generally fought well during the entire war. 

The 22d Reserve District lost very heavily in the battles of Verdun and the Somme 
and from artillery fire at Ypres. 

1918. 
Battle op the Lys. 

1. The division left Alsace about April 6 and came into the Lys battle line on April 
IG northeast of Bailleul. Its former sector in the Vosges was taken over by an exten- 
sion of the neighboring divisions. The route of the division lay through Strasbourg, 
Treves, Cologne, Veryiers, Liege, Brussels, Courtrai-Roubaix, a journey of two days. 
The division participated in heavy fighting about Kemmel until its relief on May 1. 

2. When relieved by the 117th Division, it marched to Roubaix, where it rested for 
two days. From there it marched to Waereghem, where the 82d Reserve Regiment 
rested for about eight days. About May 11 the 22d Reserve Division entrained at 
Audenarde and was railed to Rieux, 5 miles east of Cambrai. The division marched 
via Cambrai to the Montauban-Longueval-Gullemont area, where it went into rest 
billets. On the night of May 31-June 1 the 1st Battalion, 82d Reserve Regiment, 
reenforced the 122d Fusilier Regiment (243d Division) near Avelcy. 

Verdun. 

3. The division entrained in the Cambrai area on June 8 and traveled via Valen- 
ciennes-Mons Chai-leroi-Dinant-Mezieres-Sedan to Ligny sur Meuse, where it 
detrained on June 9. The next. day it relieved the 53d Reserve Division east of 
Bethincourt. It held the sector until about July 25. 

Champagne. 

4. Entraining at BrieuUes, the division moved by Sedan and Vouziers to St. Morel 
and Savigny sur Aisne, where it rested until August 5. On the 6th it came iato line 
in the St. Souplet-Somme Py sector, which it held until August 23. 

5. The division left Champagne and moved from Semide by Laon-La Fere-Tergnier 
to the Noyon area. Relieved August 24-27, it detrained at Flavy le Martel and 
La Fere, and rested a day at Cug-ny, Petit Detroit, Bois de Genlis, and Bois de Frieres 
before moving east of Noyon to cover the retreat of elements of the 71st Division and 
the 105th Division. 

Noyon. 

6. On August 29 it came into line and held the sector Mont St. Simeon-Baboeuf. 
The division resisted the French attack until September 3, when it fell back slowly 
toward the Crozat Canal, offering resistance at Behericourt-Baboeuf (4th),Cuivry- 
Caillouel-Crepigny-Bethancourt (5th), and Villequier Aumont (6th). It was relieved 
on the night of September 7-8 by the 11th Division and rested at Ribemont and 
then farther north in the billets at Fontaine Notre Dame, Regny, and Homblieres. 
St. Quentin. 

7. From September 10 to 12 the division was relieving the 75th Reserve Division 
in the sector Castres-Contescourt-Hill 98. The division held in this vicinity until 
September 28 when the British advance north of St. Quentin compelled it to retreat. 
Between October 2 and 5 the division held the line Harley-Neuville-St. Amand. 
On the 8th it was again forced to retreat. The division was relieved on October 15-16. 
In this fighting the division lost at least one-third of its effectives. The battalion 
had but three companies, and the effective strength of the infantry companies averaged 
about 35. The entire division had but about 1,300 infantry combatants. 

8. After its relief by the 18th Division on the night of October 15-16, the division 
remained near the front at Grand Verly, Hannappes, and Lesquielles. It was sud- 
denly alerted on October 17 and obliged to return to support the 18th Division west 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 331 

of Petit Verly. It put up a stiff resistance on October 18, but was thrown back east 
of the Sambre Canal, losing a large number of prisoners. 

In the closing week the division was at Favril (5th), Marvilles (6th). 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was heavily engaged at Kemmel in 
April, after which it did not appear in an active front until the autumn. The division 
resisted the Allied advance on the St. Quentin area in September and October with 
great tenacity. 



332 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAH. 



22d. Landw^ehr Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


19181 




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Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


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34 Ldw. 
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49 Ldw. (2d Btn.). 




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Artillery 


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Engineers and Liaisons . 


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284 Searchlight Section. 
Tel. Detch. 


522 Signal Command: 
622 Tel. Detch. 


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Vet. Hospital. 


11 Res. Field Hospital. 
139 Vet. Hospital. 


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of the 22d Landwehr Division, but functioning with other divisions, are carried as attached to such division. 

HISTORY. 

(2d Corps District — Pomerania.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1. The 22d Landwehr Division was formed on the Eastern Front in the vicinity of 
Riga, at the end of March, 1917. The 6th Landwehr Brigade, which entered into its 
composition, had belonged to the 1st Landwehr Division (former Jacobi Division), 
then had become independent when the latter left the Riga front to go to Volhynia. 
It is then that the addition of the 10th Landsturm Battalion to the.Mitau group made 
the 22d Landwehr Division from the 6th Landwehr Brigade. 

COURTLAND. 

2. From April to October, 1917, the 22d Landwehr Division remained on the Riga 
front (vicinity of Olai). 

Volhynia. 

3. In October, it was transferred to the west of Kachovka (Volhynia), where it 
remained until February, 1918. 

value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 22d Landwehr Division remained on the Russian front from the time of its 
formation, March, 1917. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. In February, 1918, the 22d Landwehr Division advanced into the Ukraine, 
where it was between Kiev and Koursk on the 24th of March. On May 9 the division 
was near Jitomir. The 219th Field Artillery Regiment was at Kiev on the 24th of 
May. On September 7 the division was identified near Stochod. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 888 



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334 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(12tli Corps District — Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1. The 23d Division, on mobilization, was a part of the 12th Army Corps with the 
32d Division (2d Army, Von Hansen). It detrained on August 9-11, 1914, at Eifel, 
north of Treves, and entered Belgium on the 18 th by the north of Luxemburg. 
Marne. 

2. It went into action on August 23 at Dinant, crossed the Mouse on the 24th, entered 
France on the 26th, went to the west of Chalons and took part in the battle of the 
Marne on September 7 at Sompuis (west of Vitry ''e Francois). 

AlSNE. 

3. The 23d Division, with the 2d Army Corps, established itself in the area north- 
west of Rheims. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1. The division held the front Craonne-Berry au Bac until July, 1916. In this 
sector the losses were very slight. 

2. In March, 1915, some of its elements were in Champagne for a short time. In 
April, the 182d Infantry Regiment was taken for the 123d Division (a new formation). 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. On July 3, 1916, at the beginning of the Franco-English offensive, the 23d Di- 
vision detached some elements of the 101st and 108th Regiments to reinforce the 
diiT-sions engaged in the attack (region of Sovecourt-Vermandovillers). 

2. From the end of July and until the 1st of September the 100th Grenadier Regiment 
was incorporated in a new division (Franke Division), which held the front from 
Deniecourt to Vermandovillers. 

3. The other regiments of the 23d Division continued to occupy the sector of Craonne- 
Berry au Bac until the end of August. 

4. On September 4 the 101st and 108th Regiments, coming from Berry au Bac, 
were sent to the Somme. They suffered considerable losses. 

5. About September 15 the 23d Division was regrouped with its normal elements 
(the Franke Division being dissolved) and received 2,700 men as replacements (men 
of the Landstrum called in April and May and young men of the 1917 class, most of 
them having had not more than two or three months' service. The 12th Company 
of the 100th Grenadier Regiment received at least 108 men as replacements on Sep- 
tember 20). 

6. From October 1 to 6 the 23d Division went back into line between the Chaulnes 
Railroad and the south of Vermandovillers. It again lost very heavily during the 
time it remained in line until October 20. (The 2d Company of the 108th Riflemen 
received, on Oct. 27, replacements of at least 97 men, most of whom were returned 
wounded and convalescents. Since Sept. 17 it had received at least 198 newcomers; 
the same holds true for the 4th Company of the 104th Grenadier Regiment). 

7. Relieved about October 25, the division was sent to a sector in the Roye (Beu- 
vraignes) area in November. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1. It occupied this sector (between Armancourt and Roye) until the moment of 
the German retirement and retired to St. Quentin on March 25, 1917. 

2. Relieved and sent to rest at the beginning of April in the Sedan area, it went up 
in the middle of the month to the sector in Champagne between Hill 232 (east of 
Nauroy) and the Suippe, 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 335 

3. On April 19 the 101st and 108th. Infantry Regiments counterattacked energetic- 
ally and in very good order betweeii the Teton and the Suippe and obtained some 
local success for a short time. On April 20 the 100th Infantry Regiment went into 
action in its turn. 

4. Upon the conclusion of these operations, the 23d Division took up its position 
on the new front (west of Auberive) and remained there until the beginning of De- 
cember, after making up for the heavy losses suffered in April. At the beginning of 
January, 1918, the 23d Division went to occupy the sector of Loivre, northwest of 
Rheims, and in February the sector of Courcy. 

RECRUITING. 

The 23d Division is purely Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 23d Division is very good. 

It lost very heavily at the time of the offensive, April, 1917, in Champagne, but 
still appeared good. 

1918. 

In February, 1918, the morale of the division seemed high. 

1. The division continued in the sector northwest of Rheims (Courcy-Brimont) 
until about February 20, where it was relieved by the 213th Division and moved 
toward the Somme front. 

2. It was transported to Neufchatel on the 23d. From there it proceeded by stages 
to north of Guise (Esqueheries, La Neuville-le-Dorengt). It rested and underwent 
training in this area until March 18. It marched by night toward the front by way 
of Bohain, Fresnoy le Grand (where the Kaiser inspected it), Le Verguier (evening 
of Mar. 21-22). 

Battle of the Somme. 

3. The division followed the advance in third line from March 22 to 29 through 
Holnon, Beauvois, Athies, St. Christ, Chaulnes, Rosieres, Beaucourt en Santerre. 
It was engaged from March 29 to April 3 (Mezieres, Villers aux Erables, La Neuville 
Sire Bernard). Its advance continued to a line east of Mailly-Rainval, Sauvillers. 
It was in second line from April 2 to 7, when it returned to line near Grievesnes until 
April 13. The division's losses were estimated to have been about 70 per cent in the 
fighting. 

Champagne.' 

4. Wlien withdrawn from the Somme, on the 13th, the division was moved to 
Champagne and took over a quiet sector east of Auberive on the 31st, which it held 
until June 6. Wliile in line the division was reconstituted. 

5. The division rested in the vicinity of Bazoches from June 5 to 15, undergoing 
intensive training. It came into line on the night of June 19-20 at St. Pierre Aigle, 
relieving the 45th Reserve Division. It was retired from the front at Villers Cotterets 
about July 1 . It rested near Braisne until the 12th, when it marched toward the Marne 
front (Foret de Ris) on July 12. 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

6. It reinforced the battle front southwest of Dormans on the 15th. It crossed the 
Marne east of Courcelles north of Sawigny and advanced to La Chapelle Montliodon. 
On the 17th it was checked and rolled back by the Foret de Fere to Fresnes (south of 
Fere en Tardenoise, July 26). 

Artois. 

7. The division was withdrawn about the end of July and went to Chimay to rest. 
On August 13 it entrained and moved to the Douai area via Valencennes, where it 



336 Divisioisrs of German army which participated iisr war. 

came into line on August 24 soutliwest of Arras. Tire British attack forced it to give 
way to the line Beugny-Morchies, with a loss of 700 prisoners. On the 5th the division 
withdrew from line. 

8. The division rested until September 27, when it appeared in line northeast of 
Bixschoote, southeast of the forest of Houthulst. After five days of heavy fighting 
it was withdrawn from line. Eight hundred prisoners' were taken from the division. 
It was at rest near Gits until the 14th, when it was again engaged north of Roulers unti^ 
October 20. On that date it passed to second line southeast of Ghent, where it was 
again in contact with the Allies on November 8. The last identification was at , 
Sommersaeke, Aecke, on November 9. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a tliird-class division. Its use in two offensives of 1918 
and its constant employment on active sectors in the last six months of the war would 
seem to warrant a higher rating. 

At the end the effectives of the division was very much reduced. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 337 



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338 DIVISIONS OP GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th Corps District— Saxony.) 

1914. 

Belgium-Ardennes-Champagne . 

1. The 23d Reserve Division, forming on mobilization the 12th Reserve Corps, 
with the 24th Reserve Division, was a part in 1914 of the 3d German Army (Von 
Hansen). It detrained on August 12-13 at Wengerohr (Coblentz-Treves line), re- 
mained for a few days on the frontier north of Luxemburg, and entered Belgium on 
the 19th. It crossed the Meuse at Antree, below Dinant (Aug. 23), and entered 
France on the 27th by way of Phillipville (Marienburg and Couvin). It went across 
Champagne by Chateau Porcien, Tagnon, and Le Chatelet (Sept. 1), went to the 
east of Rheims, crossed the Marne east of Epernay, and reached the railroad from 
Sezanne to Vitry le Francois between Vassimont and Sommesous on September 8. 
Marne. 

2. Engaged in the Ijattle of the Marne, on the extreme right of the 3d Army, the 
23d Reserve Division suffered heavy losses (Sept. 8-9). 

Champagne . 

3. It retired, by way of Mourmelon, to the region of ]\Ionronvilliers Auberive and 
took up its position there (end of September). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1. The 23d Reserve Division occupied the Champagne front (Auberive sector) 
until the month of July, 1916. 

2. On September 25 it received the French offensive, which caused it very heavy 
losses. At this time the 103d Reserve Infantry Regiment was detached from the 23d 
Reserve Division and assigned to the Liebert Division. In October it rejoined the 
23d Reserve Division after being reorganized. Its losses in the Champagne battle 
had been 140 killed, 751 wounded, and 1,369 missing. On October 2 at least 115 men 
had been sent to the 8tli Company of the 103d Infantry Regiment as replacements. 

1916. 

1. The 23d Reserve Division was relieved from the sector of Auberive-St. Souplet 
sector between July 15 and 20, 1916, and transferred to the north of Peronne. 
Somme. 

2. It was engaged in the battle of the Somme (north of Hem to the Monacu Farm) 
until August 12-14. The 100th Reserve Grenadier Regiment lost 1,700 men there 
(letter). The 7th Company of the 103d Infantry Regiment received at least 113 men 
as replacements between August 1 and 17. 

Artois . 

3. After a rest in the vicinity of Douai, the division was sent south of Lens (Angres- 
Souchez from the beginning of September to Oct. 20). Its composition was modi- 
fied by the substitution of the 392d Infantry Regiment, formed by men taken from 
various Saxon regiments, for the 103d Reserve Infantry Regiment. 

Somme. 

4. About the middle of October it was again on the Somme (north of Gueudecourt) . 
It remained there for five weeks and suffered very little. 

Artois. 

5. Relieved from the Somrde on December 3 and 4 the 23d Reserve Di-'/ision 
remained at rest for a few days near Cambrai, and then took over the sector east of 
Arras (between Roclincourt and Beaurains). The 101st Reserve Infantry Regiment 
was transferred to a new Saxon Division, the 119th, and the 23d Reserve Division was 
reduced to three regiments. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 339 

1917. 

1. The division occupied the Artois front during the winter of 1916-17. 

2. It was withdrawn at the end of March to go to Belgium. 

Flanders. 

3. Sent to rest in the Bruges area for a fortnight; it then went in line for a month 
north of Ypres (calm sector). 

4. It was in reserve in June and then went to the front on July 10 between the 
railroad from Ypres to Staden and the Ypres-Roulers Railroad. In the course of its 
relief (July 31) it suffered heavily from the bombardment which preceded the British 
attack. 

5. Retained in Flanders, it took part on September 22 in the fighting in the Pass- 
chendaele sector and underwent the British attack of September 26, which caused 
it heavy losses. (The 2d Company of the 100th Reserve Infantry Regiment was 
reduced to 25 men.) 

Russia. 

6. After five days in line the 23d Reserve Division was relieved and transferred to 
Russia, where it arrived on October 8. 

7. It appeared in the Vilna area between October 10 and 17. In the middle of 
November it was identified near Postavy, where it still was at the end of January, 1918. 

KECKUITING. 

The 23d Reserve Division is purely Saxon. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 23d Reserve Division was not seriously engaged during the first half of 1917, 
but has suffered heavily since that tinie. 

After the losses which it suffered in July, 1917, it received mediocre replacements 
(elderly men and returned^ convalescents.) 

If one adds to that the heavy losses which it suffered at Passchendaele in Sep- 
tember, and in its four months' stay on the Eastern Front, one may rest assured that 
the morale and general quality of the division had diminished in value for more than 
a year. (British Summary of Information, Feb., 1918.) 

1918. 
Artois. 

1. In March the division was transferred to the Western Front. It entrained near 
Dvinsk on March 16 and traveled via Vilna-Koenigsberg-Marienburg-Schneide- 
muhl-Berlin-Hanover-Menden-Krefeld-Aix la Chapelle-Hasselt-Louvain-Brussels- 
Courtrai-Lille, and detrained at Libercourt (16 km. south of Lille) on March 22. It 
left for the front on March 26. 

It came into line in the Oppy sector on March 28. In the attack on this day all 
three regiments of the division suffered heavy casualties. The division continued 
in line in the vicinity until about June 25. 

Flanders. 

2. When relieved in the Arras sector the division marched north and relieved the 
15th Reserve Division near Calonne sur la Lys about June 27. In later August the 
division extended its sector to the south to include the front southwest of Vielle 
Chapelle, southeast of Merville and east of Laventie. 

The division held this front through August and September. On September 30 the 
resting regiment of the division — the 100th|Reserve Regiment — was sent up to reenforce 
the Ypres front. It was engaged for two weeks in the vicinity of Ledeghem. In 



340 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAE" ARMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IIsT WAR. 

October the division was engaged in the Little area until about the 20th. It was 
taken out of line north of Tournai and sent to relieve the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division 
on the night of October 22-23 at Octeghem. It remained in line until a few days 
before the armistice. The last identification was at Audenarde on November 2. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Its record of more than eight months' constant 
service in line in fairly active sectors indicated considerable power of resistance. 



DlVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 34 1 

23d Hiandwelir Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




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Regiment. 


Brigade. 


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27 Ldw. 
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Art. Command : 
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112 Searchlight Section. 
523 Signal Command: 
523 Tel. Detch. 


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70 Res. Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


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99 Field Hospital. 
70 Res. Field Hospital. 
106 Res. Field Hospital. 
523 Vet. Hospital. 


Transports 


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HISTORY. 

(4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony.) 
1917. 

1. The 23d Landwehr Di-vision, formed at the end of April, 1917, in the Argonne, 
was composed of the independent 13th Landwehr Brigade (26th and 27th Landwehr 
Regiments) and of the 66th Landwehr Regiment taken from the 5th Landwehr Divi- 
sion. This latter division furnished the staff of its infantry brigade (14th Landwehr 
Brigade). 

2. After being assigned to the 23d Landwehr Division, the 13th Landwehr Briga"de 
occui)ied the sector of Boureuilles north of Vienne la Ville in the Agonne. It was in 
the Argonne from September 1914. 

Russia. 

3. Almost as soon as it was formed the 23d Landwehr Division was transferred to 
the Eastern Front (entraining of the 26th Landwehr Regiment on May 19) . Itinerary: 
Carignan- Liege- Coblentz- Cassel-Halle-Cottbus-Gnessen-Graudenz-Koenigsberg- 
Chavli-Poneviej. Going into line about May 25 in the vicinity of Illukst (Courland) 
the division remained in this sector until February, 1918. It was too much 
weakened to contribute replacements to the division destined to operate in France, 
as, for example, the 87th Division. On December 28 the 1st and 2d Companies of 
the 347 th Infantry Regiment each received some 75 to 80 men from the 23d Landwehr 
Division. 



342 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAISr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



The 23d Landwehr Division is composed entirely of elderly men ; in May 1917, the 
recruit depots of the division furnished men from 40 to 46 years of age. At the end of 
1917 the best elements had been taken for use on the Western Front. 

1918. 

DVINSK. 

1. Beginning in February, the 23d Landwehr Division occupied the Dvinsk region. 
A man of the division wrote from that city under date of March 15: "We have been 
her.e since the 20th of February. The 23d Landwehr Regiment, to which I belong, 
is to remain in Russia for guard dut^/. We hold the new frontier. " The 26th Land- 
wehr and 27th Landwehr Regiments and divisional headquarters were identified 
here on May 9. On the 18th of May, elements of the 27th Landwehr Regiment were 
in the vicinity of Riejitsa. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 343 






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1278 Light Am. Col. 


22 Pion. Btn.: 

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5 Co. 22 Pions. 

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24 Signal Command: 

24 Tel. Detch. 

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344 DIVISIONS OP GERMAlvr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(19th Corps District — Saxony.) 
1914. 

1. The 24th Division belongs to the 19th Army Corps. It is recruited in the western 
part of the Kingdom of Saxony (Leipzig). 

Marne. 

2. At the outbreak of the war it formed a part with the 19th Army Corps, of the 3d 
German Army (Von Hansen). One of its brigades, the 48th, sent away secretly, 
detrained on August 4 at Pruem (Eifel), and entered the north of Luxemburg on the 
5th. The division concentrated in the Houffalize on August 11, arrived on the banks 
of the Meuse on the 22d, which it crossed on the 24th and 25th above Dinant. It was 
at Chalons on September 5, and took part in the battle of the Marne on the 7th and 
8th between Vitry le Frangois and Maisons en Champagne. From there it returned 
to St. Hilaire le Grand. 

Flanders. 

3. In October, 1914, the 24th Division went over to the 6th Army (Crown Prince of 
Bavaria), and took up its position, which crosses the Lys (Flanders). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. In March, 1915, the 106th and 107th Infantry Regiments were transferred to the 
58th Division. The 24th Division, reduced to two regiments, was filled up by taking 
the 133d Infantry Regiment from the 40th Division. The 19th Army Corps retained 
the Lys sector until the month of August, 1917. It detached elements from its divi- 
sions to reenforce other sectors at various times. 

2. In January, 1915, the 24th Division had elements in action at L'Epinette. 

3. At the battle of Neuve Chapelle (March, 1915) and at Festubert (May-June, 
1915), it reinforced the 7th Army Corps. 

4. At the time of the Franco-British offensive in Artois, units of the 24th Division 
again acted as reenforcements at La Bass6e-Souchez (June and October, 1915). 

1916. 
Somme. 

1. Relieved at the beginning of August, 1916, in the sector of the Lys, the 19th 
Army Corps was sent, about August 8, to the Somme, north of Pozieres, where it suf- 
fered considerable losses. 

2. At the end of August it was placed for several weeks in the sector of Neuve 
Chapelle-La Bass^e, then of Le Sars-Butte de Warlencourt. It took part a second 
time in the battle of the Somme (October). 

The two divisions of the corps suffered very heavily during these two engagements 
in the Franco-British offensive. The 24th division lost 6,217 men; that is, 69 per 
cent of its effectives. 

3. The 24th Division was withdrawn from the Somme about November 11 and 
transferred to Flanders, where it occupied the line between the Ypres-Comines Canal 
and the Douve (December and the first months of 1917). 

1917. 
Flanders. 

1. When the British offensive was being prepared on the Wytschaete-Messines front, 
the 24th Division was withdrawn from the Ypres-Comines sector and stationed behind 
Lille (beginning of April, 1917). 



DIVISTONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 345 

On the 7th of June it was sent toward the front; the 179th Infantry R.egiment was 
in action east of Wytschaete on the 8th, and the division occupied the sector of Holle- 
beke, where it was retained until June 27. 

Dming this period the division suffered heavily. 

2. Relieved and sent to rest at the end of June, it went back into line in Belgium 
(sector southwest of Houthem) dming the month of August. 

3. It left the line at the beginning of October, and, after a few days of rest, again 
took over a sector in the area southeast of Ypres northwest of Zandvoorde — west of 
Gheluvelt. It left there at the end of October to go to the south of the Scarpa, at 
Monchy le Preux, where it was still in line at the beginning of February, 1918 

RECRtriTING. 

The 24th Division is purely Saxon. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE 

In a general manner, the attitude of the 19th Aimy Corps has been rather passive 
since trench warfare succeeded the war of movement. 
We may say that the Saxon is a courageous adversary. 
The 24th Division is good. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Monchy le Preux sector until about February 11, when 
it was relieved by the 185th Division and transferred to the area north of Valenciennes 
to rest and train. On March 16 it began to march toward the Cambrai. front. The 
route lay through Raismes, Haveluy, Wallers, Aniche, Aubigny au Bac, Marquion. 
It reached the original German front line on March 22 at 9 a. m. 

Battle of the Somme. 

2. The division followed the advance in reserve until the night of March 24-25, 
when it came in line south of Bapaume (Ligny-Tilloy). It advanced in first line by 
Grevillers (26th) Achiet le Petit, Hebuterne (27th and 29th). From March 30 to 
April 5 it was in reserve. On the 6th the division was reengaged near Hebuterne and 
Bucquoy until April 15. 

According to the German press, the Kaiser on March 27 telegraphed the King of 
Saxony felicitating him on the success of the 24th Division. 

3. The division was at rest from April 15 to the end of May, first at Bapaume and later 
at Valenciennes. 

PiCAEDY. 

4. The division was engaged from May 28 to June 16 in the sector of the Bois 
d'Aveluy (north of Albert). "^Tien relieved from this front it went by railroad to 
the Cambrai area. The 139th Regiment went into camp at Eswars and St. Martin; 
the 133d, at Raillencourt ; the 179th, at Ramillies and Escaudoewres. The division 
underwent training and executed divisional maneuvers. Between the 5th and 10th 
of July the division marched by Cambrai, Flesquieres, Havrincourt, Bertincourt to 
the region Haplincourt Bus for the purpose of reengaging in the Aveluy sector where 
the Germans expected an attack by the English. It remained a week in the region 
and returned to its cantonments in the Cambrai area. 

About July 18 an order was issued placing the division at the disposition of the 6th 
Army for a projected offensive in Flanders. This order was revoked, and about 
July 20 the division entrained at Ivuy and Sancourt and moved to Chaulnes (via 
Peronne). It remained in the vicinity several days and then moved to Quesnel by 
narrow-gauge railroad. 



346 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

AVRE. 

5. From the 1st of August until tlie 17th the division opposed a lively resistance 
to the French attack in the Avre. In this fighting the division lost 800 prisoners. 

Laon. 

6. The division rested a week west of Ham. It was engaged west of Coucy le 
Chateau (Champs Folembray) from August 30 to September 9. It retreated about 
the 9th to Baresis. On October 3 the division was relieved north of the St. Gobain- 
Baresis railroad. 

St. Quentin. 

7. It was moved by trucks to Fontaine-Uterte (north of St. Quentin) and engaged 
on October 4 near Sequehart. The division was forced back on Montbrehain and 
Andigny. Three hundred and forty-five prisoners were lost on the 8th. Two days 
later the division was relieved. On the 17th the division was again identified in line 
at Vaux-Audigny, but was withdrawn in a day or two. 

8. It arrived in an area northeast of Fourmies on October 23 and was still there on 
the 26th. No later identification was secured. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as a third-class division. Its conduct in the March offensive 
and in the defensive in August and October was above the average and would warrant 
a higher rating. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 347 



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348 Divisioisrs op german army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(19th Corps District — Saxony.) 
1914. 

1. The 24th Reserve Division (12th Reserve Corps with the 33d Reserve Division) 
belonged at the outbreak of the war to the 3d German Army (Von Hansen). 

2. Detraining on August 12-13, 1914, northeast of Treves, (Coblentz-Trfeves railroad), 
entering Belgium by way of Viel-Salm on the 19th, it advanced into France by way of 
the Ardennes and Champagne and from there to Sompuis (west of Vitry le Francois, 
Sept. 8). 

Marne. 

3. Going into action on September 8 and 9 in the vicinity of Mailly, it retired by 
way of Mourmelon and Sept-Saulx to the east of Rheima (Moronvilliers-Vaudesin- 
court). It made a stand in this sector and established its position there (end of Sep- 
tember). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1. The 24th Reserve Division remained in line on the Champagne front (north of 
Souain, south of St. Souplet-Moronvilliers) from September, 1914, until the beginning 
of July, 1916. In April, 1915, the 106th Reserve Infantry Regiment was transferred to 
the 123d Division, a new formation. 

2. At the end of September, 1915, it suffered very heavy losses while opposing the 
French offensive. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1 . Relieved from its sector in Champagne about the beginning of July, 1916, the 24th 
Reserve Division was transferred to the Somme. It went into action between Lon- 
gueval and Hardecourt, from the middle to the end of July. 

2. Some elements of the division were. still fighting on the Somme (near Martin- 
puich in September). 

Artois. 

3. About September 21, the 24th Reserve Division was put in line north of Arras 
(area from Lie^dn to Roclincourt). 

Somme. 

4. It left Artois in the middle of November to return to the Somme, south of Bapaume 
(Le Transloy-Gueudecourt). It remained there until December 12, then returned to 
Artois (sector east of Arras) at the end of December. 

1917. 

A RTOIS . 

1. The 24th Reserve Division occupied the sector east of Arras until March 25, 
1917. Relieved at this date, it was sent to rest northeast of Ghent. 

G ALICIA. 

2. On April 26 it entrained for the Eastern Front. Itinerary: Herbestal-Aix 
la Chapelle-Dusseldorf-Barmen-Leipzig-Dresden-Georlitz-Lemberg.. Detraining in 
Galicia, it went into line south of Brzezany, at the beginning of May. It underwent 
the Russian offensive at the beginning of July, in the course of which prisoners of the 
three regiments and a partof the artillery of the division were left in the hands of the 
Russians (366 prisoners from the 133d Reserve Infantry Regiment). 

3. Withdrawn from the front and reorganized, the 24th Reserve Division again went 
into action on July 20 (German counterattack). It advanced as far as Zbrucz and 
suffered new losses. 

4. About August 16 it took over the sector of Skala. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 349 

5. Entraining for the Western Front on October 24, it detrained at Bruges on the 
31st. Itinerary: Stanislau-Lemberg-Breslau-Dresden-Leipzig-Cassel-Trfeves-Brus- 
sels. 

Cambrat. 

6. After a rest in Belgium during the month of November, the 24th Reserve Division 
fought at Cambrai (end of November). It remained in the sector Flesquiferfes-Grain- 
court until the end of February, 1918. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 24th Reserve Division took part in numerous battles; it is a fairly good division. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Cambrai sector on February 6 by the 27th 
Division and went to rest in the Ivny area. On the 28th it marched via Cambrai — 
Sains Inchy to Prouville and went into line. 

Battle of the Somme. 

2. It took part in the initial attack and by the 22d had reached Boursies. On the 
following day, the division advanced through Hermies to Ruyaulcourt and was 
relieved in the evening. The division rested until April 6 when it came into line 
north of Hangard where it was engaged until April 19, when the 19th Division relieved 
it. The division suffered very heavily from artillery and machine gun fire in this 
sector. 

3. The division was at rest until May 1, when it returned to the front south of the 
Somme, relieving the 1st Division. About the 24th of May the division sideslipped 
north and took the sector astride the Somme. It was relieved about the middle of 
June. 

Second Battle or the Marne. 

4. The division rested in the Cambrai area undergoing training. It left Cambrai 
about July 19 and was engaged west of Fere en Tardenois on July 24. The division 
took part in the fighting on the Aisne until about September 5. It passed to second 
line for about two weeks and returned to line at Pinon on September 20. Until the 
armistice, it was constantly engaged in resisting the Allied advance. It was identified 
at Verneuil (Oct. 19), Chalaudry (21st), Mortiers (26th), Crecy (28th), and south of 
Landouzy on November 7. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was used as an attack division in March, 
but thereafter was engaged entirely on the defensive. It appears to have resisted as 
well as the average German division. 



350 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 
24ztlx Landwelir Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


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HISTORY. 

(24 th and 48tli Landwehr Regiments: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1. The 24th Landwehi' Division was formed on the Eastern Front about October, 
1917, by the transformation of the 9th Landwehr Brigade (24th and 48th Landwehr 
Regiments). 

This brigade, after forming a part of the war garrison of Koenigsberg (August, 1914), 
then of the Sommer Division, had gone over to the new 10th Landwehr Division in 
1915. 

Becoming independent, it held the sector of Lake Svir until September, 1915. 
Spiagla. 

2. Made up of the 24th and 48th Landwehr Regiments, to which waf temporarily- 
joined the 427th Infantry Regiment coming from the 205th Division, the 24t'h 
Landwehr Division occupied the sector south of Lake Narotch-Spiagla until February, 
1918. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 24th Landwehr Division is of mediocre quality. 

1918. 

1. In January, 1918, the division was reduced to two regiments, the 427th Regiment 
having been sent to the Western Front. 

Livonia. 

2. In March the division advanced into Russia and was identified about the middle 
of May in the Ostrov-Reijitsa region. The 427th Regiment was dissolved, but the 
48th Landwehr Regiment was identified in Russia on the 19th of September. It seems 
possible that the divisional staff was also disbanded and that the 9th Landwehr Brigade, 
with the 48th Landwehr Regiment under its orders, again became independent. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAE. 351 



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352 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

'(18th Corps District — Grand Duchy of Hesse.) 

1914. 
Luxemburg. 

1. The 25th Division, also known as the Hessian Grand Ducal Division, formed, in 
August, 1914, with the 21st Division, the 18th Army Corps. On August 3 its 50th 
Brigade set out for Koenigsmacher, near Thionville, as covering troops. On August 
10 and 11 the 25th Division entered the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, which it crossed, 
and entered Belgian Luxemburg on the 19th. 

Ardennes. 

2. It formed a part of the 4th Army (Duke of Wurttemberg) and fought at Maissin, 
northwest of Neufchateau on August 22. On August 24, it entered France; on the 
27th it crossed the Meuse below Mouzon. (On Aug. 31 the losses had been such that 
the remnants of the 116th Infantry Regiment formed only four companies.) 
Marne. 

3. On September 6 and the days immediately following the 25 th Division took part 
in the battle of the Marne between Vitry and Sermaize. In the middle of the month, 
it was northwest of Rheims, on the Aisne-Marne Canal. On September 26 it entrained 
at Laon for Ham. 

SOMME. 

4. In October the 18th Army Corps was reattached to the 2d Army which formed 
at this time the extreme right .flank of the German Army (Peronne area) and the 
division went into line — the Lihons-Chaulnes road to the banks of the Avre. 

1915. 
Somme. 

1. The 25tli Division was retained in this sector north of the Avre until October 15, 
1915. During this time it did not take part in any important action. In March it 
ceded the 118th Infantry Regiment to the 56th Division, a new formation. 

2. After a long rest in the St. Quentin area (the staff of the 18th Army Corps was at 
Fresnoy le Grand in December, 1915, and that of the 25tli Division at Busigny in 
January, 1916) the 25th Division was transferred to the sector north of Verdun at the 
beginning of February, 1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. On February 21, 1916, it took part in the general attack north of Verdun. After 
advancing rapidly, the 18th Army Corps was stopped in the area west of Douaumont. 
On March 9 it failed in its attacks on the Haudremont Farm. 

2. The Army Corps was then sent to rest in the rear area to be reorganized. 

3. About April 10, the 18th Army Corps reappeared in line (Caillette wood). The 
25th Division suffered very heavy losses in its attaclvs. 

4. Relieved about April 25, it was put in line about the middle of May in the vicinity 
of Craonne. 

Somme. 

5. It was withdrawn from this sector about the 1st of September and transferred to 
the Somme, where it went into action from September 15 to October 1, and again lost 
very heavily. 

6. At the beginning of October the 25th Division left the Somme to occupy the 
sector Apremont-Ailly wood in the Woevre. 

7. Again transferred to the Somme at the end of November, it was put into line in 
the area north of Chaulnes (sector from Kratz wood to the Demi-Lune). It was in 
this sector at the time of the retirement on March 16, 1916. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 353 

1917. 

1. On this date it carried out its retreat by way of Villecourt-Matigny-Douchy- 
Roupy, in the direction of St. Quentin. 

St. Quentin. 

2. On March 20 it began to withstand our advance on the line. Savy-Dallon- 
Giffecourt, and when the front was stabilized on April 4 it occupied the sector in 
front of St. Quentin and did not leave until the end of May, after having pillaged 
the town. 

3. It spent the month of June at rest (area of Neuvillette-Bernot) . 

4. On July 2 it went into line (Itancourt sector), and on July 18 launched an attack 
upon the salient Moulin de Tous Vents (south of St. Quentin). 

Flanders. 

5. Relieved about the middle of September, it was sent to the active sector of 
Flanders (north of Zandvoorde). 

6. At the beginning of October it was sent to rest in the Ghent area. 

7. It reappeared on the front, near Passchendaele, in the middle of November, 
and remained there except for a few short intervals until its relief on February 10, 
1918. 

eecbuiting. 

The 25th Division is recruited from the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Men are fTirnished 
principally from the rest of the 18th Corps District and the Rhine District (7th and 
8th Corps Districts). 

VALUE-: — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 18th Army Corps has been considered one of the best corps in the German 
Army. 

In September, 1917, the morale of the 25th Division appeared good. At this time, 
as the division had not taken part in any important actions since September, 1916, 
it was difficult to form a judgment as to the combat value of this organization. 

Its local operation on the salient of Moulin de Tous Vents (July 18, 1917) was 
carried out energetically. 

1918. 

1. The reports concerning the location of the 25th Division during January and 
early February are conflicting, mention" being made in some of two reliefs; it seems 
most likely, however, that the division was not relieved until February 10, when the 
15th Division took over its sector east of Passchendaele. 

MONS. 

2. On the 15th it entrained at Iseghem and traveled via Courtrai-Ath-Mons to 
Givry; from here it marched to Bavai (southwest of Mons), where it underwent a 
course of intensive training in open warfare; cooperation with tanks was featured. 
St. Quentin. 

3. The division marched from Pommereuil on the 16th, via Le Cateau and Busigny, 
to Becquigny, and from there, on the 19th, to Wiancourt, reenforcing the battle front 
near Le Verguier (northwest of St. Quentin) on the 21st. It was relieved about the 
30th, after having suffered heavy losses. 

Amiens. 

4. On April 1 it went back into line southeast of Hangard en Santerre (southeast 
of Amiens) ; it was withdrawn about the 12th and moved by easy stages to the Lille 
area, where, on account of its good fighting on the St. Quentin and Amiens fronts, 
it was inspected by the Kaiser on April 20. The commander of the 115th Regiment 
received Pour le M^rite at the same time. 

125651°— 20 23 



354 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Bethune. 

5. During the night of the 26-27th of April it relieved the 240th Division near 
Hingea (north of Bethune); relieved by the 36th Reserve Division on the 10th of 
May, it went to rest in the area north of Douai. 

Lys. 

6. On July 4 the division moved up into close reserve in the Laventie-Estaires 
area, and during the night of the 6-7th it relieved the 16th Division near Merville, 
north of the Lys. On the 20th it "was withdrawn, the 16th Division coming back 
into line, and went to the Lille area. 

SOMME. 

7. After about a month's rest it reenforced the front near Montauban (southeast of 
Albert). The front was being forced back here, and so the division passed succes- 
sively through Hardecourt, Combles, and the St. Pierre- Vaast wood, where it was 
withdrawn September 5, after losing about 900 prisoners, and went to rest in the 
Bohain-Malincourt area. 

Cambrai. 

8. The di'vdsion reenforced the front near Briastre (east of Cambrai) on October 11, 
and was withdrawn about the 28th. 

Valenciennes. 

9. On November 1 it came back into line north of Valenciennes, and had not been 
withdrawn on the 11th. 

VALUE— 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 25th is rated as a first-class division. It did very well in the large amount of 
heavy fighting in which it participated during 1918, and as a result suffered exceed- 
ingly heavy losses, especially in ofiicers. It received numerous large drafts, and so 
the division's strength was rather larger than the average. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 355 



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HISTORY. 

(168tli and 118th Reserve Regiments: ISth Corps District — Grand Duchy of Hesse. 
83d Reserve Regiment: 11th Corps District — Electorate of Hesse.) 

1914. ' 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 25th Reserve Division, forming with the 21st 
Reserve Division the 18th Reserve Corps, belonged to the 4th Army (Duke of Wurt- 
temberg). 

Belgitjm-Argonne . 

2. It detrained August 9-11 at Hermeskeil (southeast of Treves); entered Luxem- 
burg the 16th (by way of Remich); crossed liuxemburg on the 19th; entered Belgium 
on the 20th. On the 22d it fought at Neufchateau; on the 22d, at Tremblois; crossed 
the Meuse on the 28th. To the west of the Argonne the 25th Reserve Division ad- 
vanced to the area of Revigny. At the battle of the Marne it fought on the Saulx, in 
the neighborhood of Brabant le Roy (Sept. 7-10). It retired by way of Ste. Mene- 
hould, Moinemout, to the south of Cernay en Dormois (Sept. 14). 

Flanders. 

3. In October the 25th Reserve Division was sent to Flanders, south of the Lys. 
Toward the end of November it occupied a sector north of Wytschaete. 

Russia. 

4. In December the division was transferred to the Eastern Front, It took part, 
with the Fabeck Corps, in the operations on the Bzura (December, 1914, to February, 

1915). 

1915. 
Galicia. 

1. At the end of February, 1915, it was engaged in the Carpathians north of the 
Dniester (Von der Marwitz Detachment); in June at Przemysl, then at Lemberg. 

Brest-Litowsk. 

2. In July, the 25th Reserve Division took part in the offeiisive on Brest-Litowsk. 
Its successes occasioned it heavy losses; the 5th Company of the 168th Infantry Regi- 
ment received not less than 199 men as replacements from June 19 to August 17. 

Serbia. 

3. The division took part in the Serbian campaign (October-November). 

France. 

4. It was transferred to the Western Front at the beginning of December, 1917. It 
entrained at Weisskirchen (Hungary). Itinerary: Temesvar-Budapest-Vienna- 
Ulm-Stuttgart-Spire-Deux Ponts-Saarbrucken-Sedan (detrained on Dec. 11). 

Argonne. 

5. On December 18, the 25th Reserve Division went into line on the Argonne (La 
Harazee). 

1916. 

1. The division remained in the Argonne until the end of July, 1916. 

Verdun. 

2. At the beginning of July it was transferred to the Verdun area. It was engaged 
in the sector of Thiaumont (July-August); in the Nawe wood (August) and suffered 
heavy losses. It was again very much exhausted resisting the French attack of 
October 24. 

Champagne. 

3. Relieved after this attack, the 25th Reserve Division was sent to rest in vicinity 
of Jametz and was reorganized. On November 16 it went into line east of Auberive. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 357 

In the course of November it received important replacements, including a large 
proportion of the 1917 class. Its reconstitution was not completed until February^ 
1917. 

1917. 

1. The division was retained on the Champagne front (Auberive) until the end of 
January, 1917. 

Meuse. 

2. On February 27 it went into line on the right bank of the Meuse (sector of 
Louvemont-Chambrettes-Caurieres wood) and remained there, without any im- 
portant losses, until June 20. 

3. After resting until July 6 in the vicinity of Juvigny, Jametz, Marville, the 25th 
Reserve Division again occupied the front near Verdun (north of Vacherauville). 
North of Louvemont it withstood the French attack of August 20, which caused it to 
suffer very heavy losses (47 officers and 1,150 men prisoners, of whom 1,012 belonged 
to 168th Infantry Regiment). . 

VOSGES. 

4. The 25th Reserve Division, already weakened by an epidemic of dysentery, was 
almost completely exhausted, when it was relieved on August 25 on the Verdun front. 
Sent to rest in the vicinity of Sarreburg, it took over a sector of the Vosges (Blamont), 
about September 4. 

Champagne. 

5. Relieved on September 25 and entraining on the 27th at Rechicourt, the division 
was transferred to Champagne, where it occupied the sector Nogent-l'Abbesse (Nov. 11 
to beginning of February, 1918). 

RECRUITING. 

The 25th Reserve Division is recruited from the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Electorate 
of Hesse, and Hesse-Nassau. At times replacements were furnished from the Rhine 
districts, including the Grand Duchy of Baden (especially in 1916). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 25th Reserve Division put up a splendid defense against the French at the 
time of the attack on August 20, 1917. 

It was an excellent organization at the outbreak of the campaign, but it seems 
(in spite of recent assertions of prisoners that it is still unfit to attack and was put in 
the fourth class, Arbeits Division) that the 25th Reserve Division, although it is 
exhausted by too long stays in Hne, is capable of rendering services even on an 
active front. Therefore it must be considered as a good division of the second class 
until more detailed information is received (Mar. 30, 1918). 

1918. 

1. The 25th Reserve Division was relieved by the 21st Division in the Nogent- 
l'Abbesse sector on February 6, and went to the Vouziers area, where it was put through 
a course of training, but not in open warfare. 

AlSNE. 

2. On the 20th it relieved the 10th Reserve Division near Juvincourt (northwest of 
Rheims); it was withdrawn on April 11. 

MONTDIDIER. 

3. The division moved north by easy stages, and relieved the 6th Bavarian Reserve 
Division, west of Montdidier, on the 21st. Here it lost near Cantigny (north) heavily 
while trying to prevent Cantigny from falling to the Americans. It also lost even more 
heavily during the offensive of August 9, and was pushed back to Dancourt (southwest 
of Roye). It was withdrawn about the 18th. 



358 DIVISIONS OP GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

St. Quentin. 

4. On September 1 it reenforced the front near Voyennes (west of St. Quentin). In 
the fighting that followed the division was forced back to the Holnon wood (west of 
St. Quentin); it was withdrawn here about the 20th. 

5. On the 30th, it again reenforced the front in the Lehaucourt sector (north of St. 
Quentin). It was withdrawn on October 11, and dissolved. 168th Regiment was 
transferred to the 21st Reserve Division. 83d Reserve Regiment was disbanded and 
drafted to the 22d Division. 87th Reserve Regiment was disbanded and drafted to 
the 48th Reserve Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Until 1918 the 25th Reserve had been considered a second-class division. It ia to 
be noted, however, that although it was trained in February, the training it received 
was not in open warfare — ^not to fit it to become an attack division. Prisoners cap- 
tured soon after stated that the Germans considered it as little better than ' ' a labor 
division.'' It was not used in any of the offensives made by the Germans, and was 
not very tenacious on the defense in any sector that was at all active. Moreover, 
two of the divisions that received replacements from the division when it was dis- 
banded were second class and the other was rated as a fourth-class division. It was 
probably a third-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 359 



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HISTORY. 

(7th Corps District — ^Westphalia.) 

1916. 

AlSNE. 

1. The 25th Landwehr Division was organized in part from the former 25th Mixed 
Landwehr Brigade, independent (13th and 16th Landwehr Regiments), which entered 
Belgium on August 20, 1914, and went immediately after the battle of the Mame to 
the Laon area, where it occupied the Craonne-La Ville aux Bois sector from the end 
of September, 1914, until almost the end of 1916. 

2. In October, 1916, the 25th Landwehr Brigade was transformed into the 25th 
Landwehr Division by the addition of a third regiment, the Schuster Regiment, 
which had existed for only a short time. 

3. The division was then sent to the west and sent into line between Vailly and 
Chavonne (October). 

1917. 
Chemin des Dames. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1917, the 186th Infantry Regiment was added 
as a third regiment to the 25th Landwehr Division. The division was still occupying 
the sector east of Vailly when the French offensive was launched on April 16. The 
division suffered heavy losses, retiring to the Chemin des Dames by way of Ostel, 
Aizy, Jouy (Apr. 16-22). 

Upper Alsace. 

2. Relieved north of the Aisne about April 25, the 25th Landwehr Division was 
transferred to Upper Alsace. At the beginning of May it went into line near the 
Swiss frontier (Hirtzbach, Largitzen, Bisel). It did not leave this sector since that 
time. 

3. In May the 186th Infantry Regiment was replaced by a new regiment, the 328th 
Landwehr Regiment, formed by taking one battalion of each of the three regiments 
of the 13th Landwehr Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The division has a marked sectional quality ; the infantry and field artillery come 
entirely from Westphalia. 

value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

This is purely a sector division. The 25th Landwehr Division has been in line 
near the Swiss frontier for more than a year. 

Since its arrival in Upper Alsace (May, 1917) the division has possessed an assault 
detachment supposed to carry out raids (June, 1918). 

1918 
Alsace. 

1. The division remained in the Hirzbach-Swiss frontier sector all through the year 
until the signing of the armistice. 

VALUE— 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 25th Landwehr Division is rated as a fourth-class division, as being fit to hold 
only a quiet sector. On the 11th of November, soon after the hour fixed for the sus- 
pension of hostilities, a number of men came over to the French lines to fraternize; 
they were taken prisoners. It seems that there had been a great deal of revolutionary 
agitation in the division. On October 8 a doctor had had his epaulettes cut to pieces; 
on the 9th the Soldiers' Council had come together and had elected representatives; 
on the 10th the company commander (of at least one company) had read the program 
for the organization of the Soldiers' Council. Prisoners state that the causes of this 
state of mind were the recent defeats suffered by the German forces, the weariness 
caused by four years of war, and the Kiel disturbances. From the 10th of November 
on none of the advanced posts had been occupied, and the men refused to do any 
work, the war having come to an end, to their mind. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GEEMAF ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 361 



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6 Co. 13 Pions. 

26 T. M. Co. 

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26 Signal Command: 

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70 Wireless Deteh. 


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HISTORY. 

(13tli Corps District — Wurttemberg. ) 

1914.- 
Lorraine-Argonne. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 26th Division formed the 13th Army Corps, with 
the 27th Division, and was a part of the 5th Army (German Crown Prince), and went 
into action on August 22 at Baranzy, northwest of Longwy, and on August 24 near 
Longuyon. On August 31 it crossed the Mouse in the vicinity of Sassey, proceeded 
between the Mouse and the Argonne by way of Epinonville, Cheppy, Clermont, and 
Thiaucourt, fought on September 6, 7, 8, and 9 near Pretz and Beauzee, and retired 
toward Evre, Wally, and the Argonne (Apremont-Grurie wood). (On Sept. 11 the 
8th Company of the 119th Grenadier Regiment had already had 3 officers and 168 men 
as casualties; the 10th Company was reduced to 2 officers and 59 men."* 

Flanders. 

2. Separated then from the 27th Division, which remained in the Argonne, the 26th 
Division was transferred west of Lille on October 8, and fought at Fromelles, Aubert, 
and MaisnU from October 20 to 28. 

3. At the end of the month it Went north and took part in the attacks upon Messines 
on October 31. 

Russia. 

4. At the end of November the division entrained for Russia with the 25th Reserve 
Division, these two divisions forming the reorganized 13th Army Corps. 

Poland. 

5. In December and January, 1915, it was a part of the Fabeck Corps, and fought in 
Poland on the Bzura and the Rawka where it suffered heavily. 

1915. 

1. In March, 1915, the 26th Division was sent to the front north of Prasnysz. It 
then composed the 13th Army Corps, with the 4th Guard Division and the 3d Division. 
In May it gave the 122d Fusilier Regiment to the 105th Division, a new formation. 
In June and July it took part in the offensive upon the Narew. 

Serbia. • 

2. Assigned to the army of Gen. von Koevess, it took part in the campaign against 
Serbia (October) and advanced along the Morava to Kragujevatz. 

Belgium. 

3. Sent to rest at Belgrade, at the end of November, before its departure for the 
Western Front, it entrained at Semlin on November 26 and was transferred to Bel- 
gium. (Itinerary: Budapest-Vienna-Munich-Ulm-Deux Ponts-Saarbriicken ; de- 
training at Bertrix on Nov. 20.) 

4. In December it was concentrated in the vicinity of Courtrai, where the 27th 
Division was and again formed the 13th Army Corps with this division as it had done 
originally. 

1916. 

1. In January, 1916, the 26th Division went into line southeast of Ypres (between 
Hooge and the south of Sanctuary wood). It held this sector until the month of July 
and suffered heavy losses July 2 (Zillebeke). 

SOMME. 

2. At the end of July the division was sent to the Somme and opposed the British 
troops on the Longueval front. It lost very heavily while resting at Guillemont. 
(Aug. 18-19). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAJiT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 363 

Flanders. 

3. Relieved on August 25, it took over the sector of Wytschaete (September to 
November 11). 

SOMME. 

4. About November 11 the division left Flanders and returned to the Somme. It 
occupied the Transloy sector from December 7 to the beginning of March, 1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. The division was in reserve during the month of March behind the Artois front; 
went into action south of the Scarpe at the time of the British offensive. On April 26 
it launched a counterattack at Monchy le Preux. 

2. Relieved in a fortnight and sent to rest, it went back to the same sector (south of 
the Scarpe); remained there from May 31 to the end of July without any important 
losses and went to rest near Cambrai during the first half of August. 

Flanders. 

3. From August 16 to September 4 it occupied the sector north of Langemerck, where 
the artillery caused it heavy losses. 

Lorraine. 

4. Sent to rest in Lorraine, it was trained and was outfitted for mountain warfare 
and then sent to the Italian front at the end of September. 

Italy. 

5. It formed a part of the Berrer Corps (14th German Army) on October 20, fought 
northwest of Tolmino on October 24, entered Udine on the 28th, and reached the 
Tagliamento on the 29th. 

recruiting. 

The 26th Division is recruited entirely in Wurttemberg. 

value — 1917 estimate. 

The 26th Division conducted itself well in the numerous battles in which it took 
part. It is to be especially noted that at Poelcappelle, in August, 1917, some units 
mutinied and left the first line vacant, when the relief did not arrive quickly enough. 
This weakening of the morale of the 26th Division was probably only temporary and 
will disappear, no doubt, after a period of rest. ^British Summary of Information, 
October, 1917.) 

1918. 
France. 

1. The 26th Division, after having done very well in Italy, was transported to the 
Western Front, detraining in the Freiburg region (southeast of Dieuze), and remaining 
here until March 10. 

Cambrai. 

2. The division entrained at Strassburg on the 11th and 12th, and detrained near 
Peruwelz on the 13th and 14th, remaining in the neighborhood of Valenciennes until 
the 17th; from here it proceeded by night marches via Denain and Aniche to the 
Estr6es-Ecom-t-St. Quentin region (south of Douai), where it arrived on the 20th. 
On the 26th it went into close reserve near Fontaine les Croisilles, and the next day 
it entered line near Hamelincoiirt (south of Arras). It attacked the next day, but 
made no headway. It was relieved by the 111th Division on the 31st, and rested near 
Croisilles until April 3. 

3. Then it marched via Bapaume and Miraumont and entered line south of Hebu- 
terne (south of Arras), taking part in the unsuccessful attack of the 5th. It was 
relieved about the 12th of May by the 16th Reserve Division, and went to the Denain 
region to rest and refit. On June 15 it was in army reserve in the Roye-Carr6puis area. 



364 DIVISIONS of'geiiimait army which participated in war. 

Rheims. 

4. About July 3 it went to the vicinity of Neuflize (northeast of Rheims); the 15th 
it entered line north of Prosnes (southeast of Rheims), and was withdrawn on the 17th. 

5. By traveling in trucks, the division reached Bazoches on the 21st; it remained 
in reserve the 23d and 24th, and relieved the 45th Reserve Division east of Saponay 
(northwest of Fere-en-Tardenois during the night of July 25-26. The Allied push 
forced the front back here, and the division was identified north of Saponay on August 
2, northeast of Fismes on the 18th, east of Braine on the 20th. It was relieved about 
the 10th of September and went to rest north of Pont Arcy (northwest of Fismes). 

6. On the 3d of October it came back into line north of Soupir (east of Vailly), and 
was still in line on November 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 26 th is rated as a first-class division. While it was in Alsace (January, February, 
and the first part of March) it was thoroughly trained in open warfare, and so it was 
used as a shock division, but it did not succeed in making much headway in its first 
two engagements. It did fight tenaciously, however, then and in subsequent fighting, 
and was mentioned in the German communiques of October 27 and November 2 as 
having particularly distinguished itself. It suffered heavy losses, so that despite the 
large numbers of reenforcements sent it from time to time, its battalions were reduced 
to three companies. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 365 



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1316 Light Am. Col. 


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4 Co. 13 Pions. 

6 Co. 13 Pions. 

226 T. M. Co. 

36 Searchlight Section. 
426 Signal Command: 

426 Tel. Detch. 

139 Wireless Detch. 


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366 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED HST WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(13tli Corps District — Wurttemberg.) 
1914. 

VOSGES. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 26th Reserve Division, forming the 14th Reserve 
Corps with the 28th Reserve Division, was a part of the 7th German Army. While 
the 99th Reserve Infantry Regiment formed in Alsace and at once went to the valley 
of the Bruche, the 180th Infantry Regiment went to Ste. Marie aux Mines on August 
8. The three reserve regiments (119th, 120th, 121st) detrained between Freiburg 
and Neubreisach on August 8-11 and fought at the Donon and in the valley of the 
Bruche from August 17 to 24. Going then to the western slope of the Vosges, the 
division reached St. Die on August 28, then advanced as far as Rougiville, from 
which place it was sent to Ste. Marie aux Mines. 

SOMME. , • 

2. On September 11 the 26th Reserve Division was sent to the Somme and assigned 
to the 2d Army. It went into action on both banks of the Ancre, near Thiepval, 
near Mirmaumont and Beaumont Hamel, beginning on the 27th. 

3. It occupied this sector of the front (south of Hebuterne, north of Ovillers) until 
July, 1916. During this period it did not take part in any important action. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. In March, 1915, the 120th Reserve Infantry Regiment was given to the 58th 
Division, a new formation. 

2. In May, 1915, elements of the 26th Reserve Division were sent to Artois on 
detached service and fought at Neuville-St. Vaast. In June some units of the 
99th Reserve Regiment (3d and 4th Battalions) and the 180th Infantry Regiment 
took part in the battles around Arras (Le Labyrinthe). 

Somme. 

3. At the beginning of July these elements rejoined the division, which continued 
to hold the Somme sector before Bapaume. 

1916. 
Somme. 

1. On July 1, 1916, the 26th Reserve Division withstood the Franco-British offen- 
sive north and south of the Ancre (Beaumont Hamel, Ovillers, Thiepval). (The 
total of the losses on the Somme amounted to 10,042 men.) The 99th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment lost 48 officers and 2,070 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

Artois. 

2. Relieved along the Somme about October 6, the division was sent south of 
Arras (Monchy aux Bois) on October 10. Some elements of the division were still 
engaged on both banks of the Ancre in November. 

1917. 

HiNDENBURG LiNE. 

1. After having occupied the cahn sector of Artois for the winter of 1916-17, the 
26th Reserve Division took part in the withdrawal of the German troops about March 
20. It left the front of Monchy aux Bois and retired southeast of Croisilles 
(Lagnicourt-Ecoust-St. Maia). It fought along this line until April 7-13 and suf- 
fered some losses (Noreuil, Apr. 2). 

2. After a rest of a month in the vicinity of Valenciennes, in the course of which 
it sent some elements south of St. Quentin (Itancourt, May 4-11), the 26th Reserve 
Division went back into line between Arras and St. Quentin (Bullecourt-Queant) 
about May 17. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 367 

Flanders. 

3. On August 10 the division was withdrawn from the front and entrained at 
Aubigny au Bac (south of Douai) for Belgium. It went into action north of Lange- 
marck (Aug. 19-Sept. 16). It was then sent to rest (vicinity of Bohain, northeast 
of St. Quentin) until October 14. 

4. About October 17 the 26th Reserve Division went back into line north of 
Ypres (The Ypres-Staden railroad — Flouthulst wood) until October 23, 

5. Sent to rest south of Cortemarck, it was transferred at the end of October to 
Eerneghem, where it was first in reserve. 

6. In the middle of November the 26th Reserve Division took over the calm sector 
of Merckem, which it occupied until February, 1918, after a short rest in the middle 
of December. 

RECRUITING. 

Since the departure of the 99th Reserve Infantry Regiment, the 26th Reserve 
Division is made up entirely of Wurttembergers. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 26th Reserve Division is a very good division, of a combative value equal to 
that of the majority of the active divisions. In the battle of the Somme, in 1916, 
it opposed a stubborn resistance to the British advance and launched vigorous 
couuterattacks. 

The division has not been seriously engaged since 1916; it was thoroughly rested 
on the Flanders front. Not having been exposed to violent battles and not having 
any great losses, its morale has not been shaken. (British Summary of Information, 
February, 1918.) 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1. The 26th Reserve Division was withdrawn from the Merckem sector on the 
20th of February, and went to the area west of Antwerp. Here, it was very probably 
trained in open warfare, but the fact has not been definitely established. 

Arras. 

2. It left about March 11 and entered line near Henin (southeast of Arras) on the 
24th. Its mission was to protect the troops engaged in the main attack farther to 
the south against a flanking movement by the British troops massed around Arras. 
In so doing, it became heavily engaged, and is reported to have lost 60 per cent of its 
strength. It was relieved on May 14, and went to rest in the Arleux area (south of 
Douai). 

3. On June 9 it relieved the 41st Division east of Hebuterne. A week or so later 
it extended its sector toward the south so as to relieve the 16th Reserve Di\'ision. 
It was relieved about July 23 by the 183d Division, and went to rest in the Bapaume 
area, after having suffered severe losses. 

Somme. 

4. On August 10 the division reenforced the front astride the Braye-Corbie road 
(north of the Somme). It did not become heaAdly engaged this time; withdrawn 
about the 18th, and went to rest in the Douai area. Battalions were reduced to three 
companies. 

Arras. 

5. It reenforced the front near Vis en Artois (on Arras-Cambrai road) on August 27. 
After suffering heavy losses it was withdrawn on the 31st to region north of Cambrai. 
Cambrai. 

6. It came back into line on the 29th of September, after having rested and thor- 
oughly refitted, reenforcing the front near Tilloy (northwest of Cambrai). It was 



368 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

heavily engaged, and fought A^ery well. A few days later Gen. von Beulow (com- 
manding the 17th Army) sent a telegram to the King of Saxony saying that the 
division had fought in an exemplary manner at Cambrai, where it had several times 
reestablished the situation by its counterattacks on the 29th, inflicting enormous 
losses on the enemy, and thus preventing the town from falling into their hands. It 
was withdrawn about the 9th of October. 
Valenciennes. 

7. On the 13th it relieved the 22d Division near Herin (west of Valenciennes). 
It had not been withdrawn on the 11th of November. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 26th Reserve is rated as a first-class division. It did not distinguish itself in 
the fighting during 1918 (except on the Cambrai front, as already noted), still it 
could be depended upon and on the whole fought well. In this connection it is to 
be noted that the 26th Division had been held in reserve to relieve the 26th Reserve 
in the March offensive, but the relief was considered unnecessary. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 369 
26tli Liandwelir Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




51 Ldw. 


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123 Ldw. 

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326 T. M. Co. 
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Medical and Veterinary 


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Transpnrts . 


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HISTORY. 

(13th Corps District — ^Wurttemberg.) 

1917. 

1. The 26th Landwehr Division was formed on the Alsatian front at the beginning 
of the year 1917. Two of its regiments, the 119th and 123d Landwehr, forming the 
5l8t Landwehr Brigade, had belonged to the 7th Landwehr Division until that time. 
Its 3d Regiment, the 124th Landwehr, came from the 2d Landwehr Division. 
Upper Alsace. 

2. Since its formation the 26th Landwehr Division has continually occupied the 
Upper Alsace front (north of Cernay, Hartmannswillerskopf). 

RECRUITING. 

The division is entirely recruited from Wurttemberg. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 26th Landwehr Division is purely a sector division. Each regiment has an 

assault troop composed of young men. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1. The 26th Landwehr Division remained in the sector north of Cernay (southwest 

of Colmar, throughout 1918). 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

In view of the division having been kept so long in what was probably the most 
quiet sector on the whole front (only 1 prisoner was taken after Dec. 15, 1917), when, 
the need for troops was so great that fourth-class divisions were frequently used on 
very active fronts, it would seem that the 26th Landwehr was one of the poorest divi- 
sions in the German Army. 
125651°— 20 24 



370 Divisioisrs of German army which participated iisr war. 















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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 371 

HISTORY. 

(13th Corps District — Wurttemberg.) 

1914. 

The 27th Division belongs to the 13th Army Corps (Royal Wurttemberg), with the 
26th Division. 
Lorraine. 

1. At the beginning of the war it formed a part of the 5th Army (German Crown 
Prince). It was engaged in the battle of Longwy, August 22, 1914 (between Longwy 
and Virton); on the 23d, north of Longuyon. On August 30, at Dun and Sassey, it 
crossed the Meuse and went south with the 5th Army between the Meuse and the 
Argonne. It fought at Pretz and Vaubecourt on September 6 and 7. Following the 
retirement to the north, it took up its positions in the Argonne. 

2. At the beginning of October the 13th Army Corps was broken up and the two 
divisions were separated for more than a year. 

Argonne. 

3. The 27th Division remained in the Argonne until the end of 1915. 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1. In the Argonne (Binarville-Griu-ie wood) the 27th Division was engaged in 
mine warfare. In August, 1915, it took part in the local offensive of the Army of 
the Crown Prince. 

2. In September, at the time of the French offensive, elements of the 53d Brigade 
were sent to Champagne (northwest of Massiges), where they remained in reserve. 

3. In December the 27th Division entrained at Grandpre for the Courtrai area, 
where the 13th Army Corps was re-formed as in the beginning, the 26th Division 
having returned from Serbia. 

1916. 
Ypres. 

1. From January to July, 1916, the 13th Army Corps was in line southeast of the 
Ypres salient. The 27th Division was on the left of the 26th, between Sanctuary 
wood and the Ypres-Comines Canal. On February 24 units of the 27th Division 
gained possession of the British trenches of Bluff (north of the canal), but lost them 
on March 2. In this action the 123d Grenadier Regiment lost very heavily. 

On June 2 the two divisions of the corps made a violent attack upon the Canadians 
in the Cillebeke sector. They gained possession of Observation Ridge, but were 
forced to abandon it by a counterattack. In these battles the regiments lost heavily. 

SOMME. 

2. At the end of July the 13th Army Corps was withdrawn from the Ypres salient 
and transferred to the Somme front. On August 1 the 27th Division went into line 
in the Guillemont sector. It put up a successful resistance to the attacks upon the 
village, but had serious losses. 

3. It was relieved on August 25 and put in the Wytchaete sector, where it remained 
for about two and one-half months (until Nov. 11). 

4. In the middle of November the 27th Division returned to the Somme a second 
time, north of Sailly Saillisel. 

1917. 

1. The 27th Division was retained on the Somme until the beginning of 1917. On 
this date it was sent east of Cambrai. During the month of March it was in line in 
the Roisel area. 

Artois. 

2. After a short rest in the vicinity of Valenciennes it went into action in the 
Bullecourt sector (southeast of Arras), where it had very heavy losses (Apr. 7 to May 



372 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

11). The dissolution of the 627th Infantry Regiment, formed in Wurttemberg, 
served to make up a part of its losses, and 600 men from this regiment came to the 
27th Division. 

3. Withdrawn about May 11 from the Arras front, the 27th Division occupied a 
sector in the vicinity of Le Catelet (between Gonnelieu and Honnecourt) at the 
beginning of June. 

4. At the beginning of August it was relieved; entrained on August 12 at Caudry, 
and was transferred to Flanders by way of Lille-Tourcoing-Menin-Ledeghem- 
Roulers. 

5. On August 26 it went into action northeast of Ypres (southeast of St. Julien). 
In this sector it did not take part in any important attack but suffered heavily from 
artUlery fire. 

The division was sent to the rear on September 12-13 and rested for a month north- 
east of Ghent. 

On October 11 it went back into line northeast of Ypres (near the Ypres-Thourout 
railroad) and remained there until November 11. It was sent almost immediately 
to Alsace, where it arrived between November 16 and 18. 

RECRUITING. 

The 27th Division is recruited entirely from Wurttemberg. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 27th Division has fought well ever since the beginning of the war. It seems 
that the heavy losses which it has suffered have weakened its morale to a slight ex- 
tent. Nevertheless, it may be considered as a very good division (Dec. 9, 1917). 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1. The 27th Division remained in the region of Schlettstadt (north of Colmar) until 
February 2. While here it received some 1019-class recruits. It then went to Cam. 
brai, where it arrived on the 4th. On the 6th it relieved the 24th Reserve Dirvision 
west of Graincourt (southwest of Cambrai). It was relieved by the 53d Reserve 
Division early in March and went to the neighborhood of Avesnes le Sec (southwest 
of Valenciennes), where it was trained in open warfare. 

2. Subsequently it was transferred to the Cambrai region. Between the evening 
of March 20 and 5 a. m. on the 21st, it marched nearly 20 miles, when it came into 
line near Villers-Guislain (south of Cambrai). It was immediately heavily engaged 
and suffered severe losses. The 6th Company of the 124th Regiment had lost 84 
men by the time it had reached Fins. A draft of 30 men was received at Guinchy. 
Withdrawn the 23d. 

3. On April 4 it relieved the 54th Reserve Division near Aveluy (north of Albert). 
Fighting on the 5th, the 6th Company of the 124th Regiment lost 50 per cent of its 
effectives. All three regiments suffered heavy losses. One battalion of the 120th 
Regiment was practically annihilated. It was relieved by the 3d Naval Division 
on the 24th and went to rest south of Tournai. 

4. The division left on July 24 and marched via Landas-Marchiennes-Neuville sur 
I'Escaut (south of Denain, rest)-St. Vaast (east of Cambrai, rest)-Fins-Nurlu (rest)- 
Peronne, into line in the Morlancourt sector (south of Albert), where it relieved the 
107th Division about the 3d of August. In the heavy fighting that ensued it was 
forced back through Bray and Suzanne. It was withdrawn the 28th after leaving 
more than 1,400 prisoners in the hands of the British. It went to rest in the vicinity 
of Briastre (south of Solesmes), and while here received as a draft the dissolved 248th 
Reserve Regiment (54th Division disbanded). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 373 

Meuse. 

5. The division now became army and corps reserve. On September 6 it entrained 
and traveled to Spincourt, arriving on the 10th. It then marched to Camp Priester 
(near Loison), where it remained 14 days as army reserve. About the 26th it entered 
line near Flabas (north of Verdun). Five days later it was withdrawn and went 
back to the camp and remained eight days. 

6. Then it went to the Jaeger Lager near Billy (south of Longuyon) . About the 11th 
of October it entered line near Douaumont (north of Verdun). On the 29th it was 
relieved and marched to the Jaeger Lager, and then by truck via Stenay to a farm 
about 10 kilometers away. 

7. On November 1 it reenforced the front near Tailly (southwest of Stenay) ; it was 
stUl in line on the 11th. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 27tli has always been considered one of the very best German divisions, and 
Its conduct in the fighting during 1918 confirms its rating as a first-class shock unit. 
It suffered severely, especially in the spring, but not a great deal later on. Its moves 
toward the end of the war seem to indicate that it was to form part of the reserve 
with which the Germans hoped to regain the initiative. 



374 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 575 

HISTORY. 

(14tli Corps District — Northern part Grand Duchy of Baden.) 

1914. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

1. The 28th Division formed a part of the 14th Army Corps with the 29th Division, 
also from Baden. At the beginning of the campaign went to Upper Alsace to reen- 
force the 29th Division; fought at Mulhousen on August 9, and on the 13th west 
of Altkirch. Retmning to Mulhousen on the 14th, it entrained at Muelheim on 
the 16th for Petite Pierre. The 14th Army Corps waa placed on the left flank of 
the 6th Army and took part with it in the battle of the 20th. The 28th Division 
then crossed the frontier and advanced to Mortagne at the beginning of September, 
On September 11 it recrossed the frontier and went to the west of Pont a Mousson, 
where it went into action between September 20 and 29. 

Artois. 

2. Withdrawn from La Haye at the end of the month, it entrained on October 4 
at Metz, detrained at Mons, and from there marched to the front — La Bassee, Ablain, 
St. Nazaire. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. From October, 1914, to May, 1915, its regiments were exhausted one after the 
other on the plateau of Notre Dame de Lorette. (On November 30, 1914, the 110th 
Grenadier Regiment acknowledged casualties of 58 officers and 3,814 men since 
the beginning of the campaign.) The 28th Division again suffered very heavily 
during the winter (especially the 110th Grenadiers and the 40th Fusileers); finally 
it lost very heavily from April 9 to May 8 (Carency-Ouvrages-Blancs). In the 
course of these battles the 111th Infantry Regiment was almost completely destroyed. 
On May 10 its first battalion had only 3 officers and 272 men. (Notebook of the 
captain commanding the battalion.) The Casualty Lists report 32 officers and 1,737 
men as casualties. 

2. The division was relieved on May 15, sent to rest in the area Lens, Pont a Vendin, 
H6uin-Li6tard, and reorganized. 

3. About May 25 it was put back into line (Ablain-Lorette) and again suffered 
very heavy losses. 

CHAMPAGNE. 

4. Withdrawn from Artois about June 13, it was transferred to the northeast of 
Reims. Beginning with June 18, it occupied the front between Betheny and the 
Sillery-Beine road. In this sector it had only a few local actions and very few 



5. During the offensive of September, 1915, the division detached two battalions 
(one from the 109th Grenadiers and one from the 110th Grenadiers) to act as rein- 
forcements in the Somme Py area. 

6. On October 19 and 20 a gas attack was rather poorly carried out by the Badensian 
Infantry (La Pompelle-Prosnes front). 

7. The 28th Division was relieved about .November 10. At the beginning of 
December it went into the sector of Tahure-Butte du Mesnil which it occupied for 
the entire winter without any notable action. 

1916. 

1. About the end of April, 1916, the 28th Division left the sector of the Butte du 
Mesnil. It was sent to rest for a week in the Vouziers area, and about May 5 went 
back into line (sector of Maisons de Champagne-La Justice). During this time the 
units received intensive training. 



876 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 

SOMME. 

2. During the first half of July the regiments of the division (minus the 109th 
Infantry Regiment, which had remained in Champagne) were successively relieved 
and transferred by way of Charleville, Hirson, and St. Quentin to the Biaches area 
(Somme). Between July 16 and 20 they established their positions between the 
Somme and the Barleux. 

3. The 28th Division was retained in this sector until the beginning of October. 
It suffered heavy losses there, -which were partially covered by reenforcements sent 
from the depots of the 14th Army Corps (1915 and 1916 classes). 

4. At the beginning of October the division was sent to Champagne, into the sector 
east of Tahure. It left this about the 20th and reoccupied it from December until 
the end of January, 1917. 

1917. 
Meuse. 

1. At this time the 28th Division was transferred to the Verdun area. It was sent 
into line in the Caiui^res wood sector and remained imtil the beginning of Septem- 
ber. It took part in the attacks on this front in the middle of August. 

Alsace. 

2. Withdrawn from the Verdun area about the middle of September the division 
was sent to Alsace, northwest of Altkirch and was in the front line on October 20. 
It soon left this for the Montmedy area, then for Laon, and finally for the Cambrai 
front where it fought at Gonnelieu on November 30. Relieved at the beginning of 
December, it was sent to rest in the Ardennes and, at the beginning of February, 
1918, occupied a sector at Mount Cornillet. 

RECRUITING. 

The 28th Division is recruited almost exclusively from Baden. A slight admixture 
from the 4th Corps District. The 40th Fusileers, although a Prussian regiment, 
was recruited in the Grand Duchy of Baden. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 28th Division has always given a good account of itself and must be considered 
a good division (July, 1917). 

At the beginning of March, 1917, it carried out an attack against the Cauriferes 
wood with a great deal of vigor. A division order (dated Mar. 3, 1917) found on a 
corpse praises the heroism of the valiant troops of the 28th Division and calls its 
regiments "The conquerors of Lorette." 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1. The division held the Butte du Mesnil sector continuously until May 13, when 
it rested for 10 days in the vicinity of Vouziers. On May 23 the division entrained at 
Montcomet and was moved to the region of Laon. It came into line on May 31, 
reenforcing the Aisne battle front between Chateau de Maucreux and Troesnes. It 
was relieved on June 8 by the 10th Reserve Division. 

Second Battle op the Marne. 

2. Its stay out of line was short, for' on June 13 it again relieved the 50th Division 
near Vameuil; about this time the divisional commander, Lieut. Gen. Hahn, was 
decorated. The division was withdrawn from the Marne front about July 1. It 
returned to reenforce the battle line near Chaumuzy, southwest of Rheims on July 24. 
It fell back to the Vesle, where it held the line until August 26. 

WOEVRE. 

3. The division then went to rest in the vicinity of Baroucourt for three weeks. 
It left that place on September 14 and marched via Amermont-Offleville-Gondre- 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 377 

court Rouvers-Etain to a position in line near Grimacourt and Hermeville, relieving 
the 8th Landwehr Division which side slipped to the south. It held this sector 
until October 19, when it was withdrawn and moved from Conflans, via Arlon, to 
Flanders on October 22. 

MONS. 

4. On November 1, the division came into line at Maresches in which area it fought 
imtil the armistice. The last identifications were at Sebourg (Nov. 4), west of Roisin 
(6th), and 'Dour (9th). 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was not greatly used in 1918, spending 
most of the time on quiet fronts. After the Vesle fighting in August, the battalions 
of the division were reduced to three companies. 



378 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(Mth. Corps District — Baden.) 
1914. 

VOSGES. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 28th Reserve Division formed in the Grand 
Duchy of Baden, and constituting the 14th Reserve Corps, with the 26th Reserve 
Division, belonged to the 7th Army (Von Heeringen). The division detraining near 
Emmendingen (Baden), entered Alsace by way of Markolsheim on August 10. It 
was engaged in the valley of the Bruche beginning on the 15th, fought at Donon on the 
20th, and went down toward the Meurthg, where it fought until September 5 (Nompa- 
telize and la Bourgonce), suffering heavy losses (two-thirds o-f the effectives of the 
111th Reserve Infantry Regiment). 

SOMME. 

2. After September 5 the 28th Reserve Division retired toward Blamont on Sep- 
tember 15. On September 22 and 23 it entrained at Teterchen (Lorraine) for Cam- 
bria, where it detrained on September 26 and 27. It was assigned to the 2d Army 
with the other division of the 14th Reserve Corps. 

1915. 

1. The division occupied the sector crossed by the Albert-Baupaume road (Ovillers 
to Fricourt) until July, 1916. 

In April, 1915, the 28th Reserve Division lost the 40th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 
which went to the 115th Division, and its two battalions of Chasseurs left it — one in 
January, the other in May. 

2. In August and September, 1915, elements of the division were in reserve in the 
area south of St. Quentin. 

1916. 

SoMME. 

1. The 28th Reserve Division did not have any great losses on the Somme between 
October, 1915, and July, 1916. Its combat activity was weak during this period. 

2. On July 1, 1916, the Division supported the entii'e weight of the British offensive 
north of the Somme, and suffered very heavy losses (casualties of the 111th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment, 39 officers and 1,821 men). 

3. On July 4 the division was withdrawn from the front, sent to rest, and reor- 
ganized. 

Champagne. 

4. Transferred to Champagne on July 10, it took over the sector west of Auberive 
(July 14 to the beginning of October) . 

Somme. 

5. The 28th Reserve Division was brought back to the Somme at Thiepval about 
October 5; it was in action until the end of October and lost heavily. On the one 
day of October 24 the 9th Company of the 111th Reserve Infantry Regiment noted 
the arrival of 134 men as replacements. 

Meuse (Avocourt). 

Relieved about October 28, the division was sent to the Stenay area and reorganized. 
Begi n ning of November, it occupied, at Verdun, the Avocourt sector at Hill 304. 

1917. 

1. On the Avocourt front the 28th Reserve Division took part in a few local en- 
gagements. It left this sector between April 7 and April 15. 



380 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Californie Plateau. 

2. Concentrated in the area northwest of Montfaucon, the division entrained about 
April 16 at Brieulles sur Meuse, Dun, Romagne and was transferred to Rozoy sur 
Serre; from there it marched to the sector east of Californie Plateau (Apr. 21). It 
underwent the French attack of May 4, which caused it heavy losses. Elements of 
the division lost very heavily counterattacking on the days following. 

3. The division was relieved on May 18 and reorganized hastily (replacements of 
1,100 men including 25 per cent of the 1918 class and men from the 626th Infantry 
Regiment dissolved). It was sent to Verdun to the Talou sector on May 20. 

Verdun. 

4. The division, weakened by an epidemic of dysentery, was withdrawn from the 
front on July 8 and sent to rest in the area of Marville-Jametz until the beginning of 
August. 

5. It went back into line at this date, on the right bank of the Meuse (Talou, Hill 
344). It lost very heavily from the French attack of August 20 (47 officers and 1,150 
men as prisoners) and was relieved on August 30. 

Champagne. 

6. At the beginning of September it occupied the sector of Ville sur Totirbe in 
Champagne. 

RECRUITING. 

The 28th Reserve Division is recruited mostly from Baden. In addition, there 
are men from Rhenish-Hesse and the Rhine districts. There was also a small number 
of men from the 4th Corps District (1918 class). 

value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The combat value of the 28th Reserve Division appears mediocre. 

During the entire time that it spent on the Somme (October, 1914-July'j, 1916), 
the division remained on the defensive. 

Having lost very heavily on the Somme, it showed no great activity on the Somme 
(August-October, 1916). 

On the Californie Plateau (May, 1917), the 28th Reserve Division appeared very 
much inferior to the guard. 

At Hill 344 (Aug. 20), the attitude of the regiments of the 28th Reserve Division 
was rather passive, and the resistance was quite weak. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved south of Beine (Champagne) on February 16. It 
entrained on the following day for Cartignies, near Avesnes, where it underwent 
training for offensive operations. It remained there until the 14th of March, when it 
commenced to march by night to the front via Etreux-Fresnoy-Le Nouvion-Wassigny- 
Essigny le Petit Remancourt, arriving in line on March 20. 

Battle of the Somme. 

2. The division was in the front line of the attack at Fayet on the 21st. On the 
23d it passed through Savy and reached Vaux. On the 26th it passed through Par- 
villers and Erches, proceeding on the 27th via Warsy to Becquigny. The division 
distinguished itself in the fighting, though at a heavy cost. Some companies are 
known to have lost 75 per cent of their effectives. When withdrawn from the front 
line on March 29, the division was held in reserve on the front at Davenscourt, 
Warsy, and Gruny until April 17. Two thousand five hundred men, with a large 
percentage of the 1919 class, were received at this time as reinforcements. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 381 

Battle op the Aisne. 

3. The division rested in the Avesnes-Maubeuge area until May 22, when it marched 
via Marle-Ste. Preuve-Montaigu May 22-27. The division was used as an attack 
division to break through on the Aisne front. It attacked southwest of Craonne on the 
27th and advanced by Corbeny, southwest of Craonne, Merval, east of Fismes, Tre- 
loup (30th) and Jaulgonne. Prince von Buchau, the divisional commander, was 
killed on May 30. In the advance to the Mame the division covered 60 kilometers. 

Chateau Thierry. 

4. The division was out of line June 3 to 7. On the 8th, it reentered line before 
Bouresches (west of Chateau Thierry) where it opposed the 2d United States Division 
until July 3. Heavy losses were received in the fighting in the Bois Belleu on June 
10-11. The division received a draft of 200 men in June. The division was with- 
drawn on July 3 and rested southwest of Soissons from July 7 to 18. 

SOISSONS. 

5. It was alerted on July 18 and engaged south of Soissons (Berzy-Courmelles) on 
the next day. It was heavily engaged until August 1, when it entrained north of 
Laon and moved to north of Vouziers on August 1. Here the division rested until 
the middle of August. A draft of 400 men was received early in August. 

Champagne. 

6. The division was engaged in the sector north of Mesnil les Hurlus about August 
20 until the end of the month, when it was withdrawn. 

7. After leaving the line at Tahure the division was shifted back and forth behind 
the Argonne and Mouse sectors ready to be thrust into line. It was moved from 
Juniville to Longuyon on September 5 and stayed at St. Jean les Buzy (west of Con- 
flans) until the 26th. From there it moved to the Damvillers region, and on October 
1 was sent to Milly and Villers devant Dun. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

8. The division was engaged near Cunel from October 3 to 18, when it was with- 
drawn to Stenay where it received replacements. The company strength was brought 
up to 40-50 men. On the 24th it was again in line near Bantheville and continued 
in to the end. It fell back north of Villers devant Dim on November 1-2, where it 
was last identified. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. It was one of the best of the German divisions. 
It was used as an assault division in the Somme and Aisne offensives and met with 
great success. Following the attack it received in June in the Bois de Belleu, the 
division was not seriously engaged until it was thrown in the Argonne in an effort to 
stop the American advance. Its morale remained high up to the last though its 
effectives dwindled. 



382 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 













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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 383 

HISTOEY. 

(14th Corps District — Southern part Grand Duchy of Baden and Upper Alsace.) 

1914. 

Alsace-Lorraine . 

1. The 29th Division is a division of Baden, like the 28th, with which it formed 
the 14th Army Corps. Entering the campaign with its three brigades, it fought at 
Mulhouse on August 9, 1914. On August 14 taken to the right bank of the Rhine, it 
entrained for Zabem and took part in the battle of the 20th, after which it crossed the 
French frontier of Lorraine. Suffering heavily on the Meurthe, it retired to Dieuze, 
from which place it was sent to the front at La Haye west of Pont a Mousson. 
Artois. 

2. It was transferred to the area north of Arras at the beginning of October, 1914 
(front of La Bassee, Ablain, St. Nazaire). 

1915. 
Artois. 

1. From October, 1914, to May, 1915, all the regiments of the 29th Division suffered 
heavy losses on the plateau of Notre Dame de Lorette. On January 28, 1915, the 
3d Company of the 196th Infantry Regiment had only 38 men left (letter). The 58th 
Brigade, especially, which contained a greater number of Alsace-Lorrainers than 
the others, lost very heavily in the course of this winter. At the end of November, 
1914, the 142d Infantry Regiment had already had casualties of 44 officers and 2,603 
men. On February 24, 1915, the 2d Company of the 142d Infantry Regiment had 
already received 358 men as successive replacements. But it was from May 8 to 13 
that the regiments of the division suffered most heavily (1,000 men of the 114th In- 
fantry Regiment). In March the 84th Brigade was taken from the 28th Division 
and transferred to the 52d Division (a new formation). 

2. About May 15 the division was withdrawn from the front and sent to the area 
of Lens, Pont a Vendin, Henin-Lietard. ^ 

3. Sent back into line about May 25 (Souchez-Fond de Buval-Chateau de Carleul), 
it again suffered heavy losses. 

Champagne. 

4. The division was again relieved about June 13 and sent northeast of Rheims 
(sector between the Sillery-Beine road and Prosne), on June 18. It held these lines 
until the beginning of November. 

5. During its stay in the Rheims area, the 29th Division sent one battalion of the 
113th Infantry Regiment into the Champagne battle. 

6. On October 19 and 20 the 112th and 142d Infantry Regiments attempted a gas 
attack upon the sector La Pompelle-Prosnes. During this period (June to Novem- 
ber, 1915) the losses of the division were insignificant. 

7. About November 10 the 29th Division left this sector to go farther east, to the 
Tahure-Butte du Mesnil (Nov. 23). It occupied this sector until the end of Sep- 
tember, 1916. 

1916. 

1. During the entire winter of 1915-16 the 29th Division held the front of Tahure- 
Butte du Mesnil without any notable action. In the course of their period of rest in 
the Vouziers area its battalions continued their training. 

SOMME. 

2. At the end of September, the division was transferred to the Somme. After 
this time the two divisions of the 14th Army Corps seemed to have become "flying 
divisions." The 114th Infantry Regiment was withdrawn from the division and 
assigned to the 212th DiAOsion, later to 199th Division, 



384 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

3. On October 4 the 29th Division went into action on the Somme east of Cl^ry. It 
was retained in this area until the beginning of February, 1917. On January 31, its 
regiments, each of which contained four battalions since the autumn of 1916, were 
reduced to three, the men of the 4th battalion being assigned to the other three. 

1917. 

1. On February 15, 1917, the 29th Division was sent to rest north of St. Quentin, 
where it worked on the Hindenburg line. 

Champagne. 

2. Transferred to the Rethel area on April 1, it was engaged south of Nauroy (west of 
Cornillet) on the 17th, where it lost heavily. It was relieved about April 20 and filled 
up with men of the 1918 class and of the 626th Infantry Regiment, dissolved at the end 
of April. 

3. From May 10 until about the middle of June, it occupied the sector of Tahure- 
Butte du Mesnil. 

4. About June 14 it was sent to the rear and rested in the area east of Vouziers- 
Attigny. The three regiments were filled up with important replacements (men of 
the 1918 class and the last of the 1917 class incorporated in the army in October, 1916). 
Verdun. 

5. About July 10-12, the 29th Division entrained for the Verdun front and was sent 
into the sector of Avocourt wood. It underwent the French attack the 17th which 
caused it great losses. 

6. On August 1 the 29th Division launched an attack to retake the positions lost on 
the 17th. Taken to the rear at the beginning of August, it was again engaged at the 
time of the French offensive of August 20 and counter attacked unsuccessfully (west of 
Hill 304) suffering heavy losses. 

7. Relieved on October 24-25, it went to rest in the area of Joeuf (Landres, St. 
Georges, and vicinity), where it was reorganized. The gravity of its losses caused 
conscripts of the 1918 class called out in June, having only two months' instruction, to 
be sent to it (5th confl^ny of the 142d Infantry Regiment for example). 

8. About October 6, the division went back into line on the right bank of the Meuse 
(north of Hill 344). It remained there until the last of December. 

RECRUrriNG. 

The 29th Division is recruited almost exclusively in Baden, the regional character 
being accentuated by the return of the men from the 14th Corps District who had been 
serving in the regiments of the 4th Corps District. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Until the attacks of April, 1917, the 29th Division was considered a good division, 
well trained and well ofl3.cered. The cohesion of the troops appears to have suffered 
from the large proportion of raw replacements, in consequence of their losses. 

On August 21, 1917, the 142d Infantry Regiment launched a counter attack (west of 
Hill 304) which failed because of lack of cohesion and liaison between the different 
units and because of the heavy losses caused by the French machine guns. 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1. The division held the Beaumont sector until about April 1, when it was relieved 
by the 19th Ersatz Division. It rested in the Montmedy-Virton area (Meix) from 
April 6 to 25. The division was high in effectives at this time, the companies averag- 
ing 180 to 200 men. 

2. On April 25-28 the division was railed to Belgium via Sedan-Charleville-Namur- 
Bruxelles-Courtrai. It marched to Wervieq, rested there until April 30 and marched 
into line northeast of Mount Kemmel on the night of May 1-2 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 385 

Lys. 

3. The division was in line until May 15 at Kemmel . Losses from artillery fire were 
considerable. It was relieved by the 8th Division and rested at Oostroosebeke (north 
of Courtrai) until June 14. 

4. On the night of the 14-15, the division entered line east of Langemarck, relieving 
the 49th Reserve Division. On July 15, the 49th Reserve Division returned and 
relieved the 29th Division, which rested near Gits (Roulers) until the 25th. Then it 
entrained and moved to the Laon district, detraining at Malmaison. From there the 
division was taken in trucks on the Vesle front. 

AlSNE. 

5. It held the Courlaudon sector (east of Fismes) from August 1 to 31, when it 
retreated to the Aisne (Maizy). It was withdrawn about September 8. It rested near 
Laon until the 15th, when it was reengaged north of the Aisne (Allemant) from 
September 16 to 24. It retreated behind the Ailette Canal (east of Anizy and Cha- 
vignon) and was relieved on October 1. 

6. The division left Laon on October 2 and was brought by rail and truck to Fresnoy 
le Grand, coming into line on October 6 in that area. On the 7th and 8th French attacks 
forced the division to withdraw by Croix Fonsomme, Seboncourt. On the 13th the 
division was relieved by elements of the 81st Reserve Division and held in rear of the 
line. On the 18th it was reengaged south of Le Cateau (Ribeauville). In November 
the division retreated on the axes Fresmy, Prisches, in the direction of Avesnes, where 
it was last identified on November 7. • 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. In 1918 it was used to hold active defensive 
sectors. In the middle of October its effectives had greatly diminished. 

125651°— 20 25 



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DIVISIONS OE GEKMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 387 

HISTORY. 

(8th Corps District — ^Rhine Province.) 

1915. 

1. The 29th Landwehr Division was formed from the 29th Landwehr Brigade. 
The latter was transformed into a division on the Russian Front about November 
1917. 

France. 

2. Entering Belgium on August 20, 1914, at Charleroi on the 31st, at Berry au Bac 
at the end of September, then attached to the 18th Army Corps north of St. Quentin 
then to the 14th Reserve Corps, the 29th Landwehr Brigade was transferred to the 
Eastern Front at the end of March, 1915. In April and May it was in Poland south 
of Rawa; it was then attached to the Posen Corps (9th Corps). 

COURLAND. 

3. The German offensive in the summer of 1915 sent the 28th Landwehr Regiment 
to Courland (vicinity of Toukkoum, in August). This regiment took up its position 
in October in the vicinity of Kalnzem (north of Mitau). The 29th Landwehr Regi- 
ment, after taking part in the operations at Vilna, was brought to the east of Olai, 
in October, and rejoined the 28th Landwehr Regiment in the vicinity of Kalnzem, 
at the beginning of November. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1. The 29th Landwehr Brigade remained on the Mitau 'Front (Kalnzem-Chmarden) 
during the whole of the year 1916 and until March, 1917. It then formed a part of 
the Winecken detachment. In October it received a new regiment, the 427th 
Infantry Regiment, which was taken from it in January, 1917. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1. About the middle of March, 1917, the 29th Landwehr Brigade was relieved north 
of Mitau and sent west of Jakobstadt. It appears to be in reserve in this sector at 
the time of the operations against Riga. It then came into line north of Kreuzburg 
(vicinity of Jakobstadt). 

2. About the month of November the 29th Landwehr Brigade was transformed 
into the 29th Landwehr Division, which did not prevent the taking of men from the 
division to reinforce its neighbor, the 77th Reserve Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

On the Russian Front since 1914, the elements of the 29th Landwehr Division can 
have only a mediocre combat value. 

1918. 

ESTHONIA. 

1. The 29th Landwehr Division occupied a very extended sector north of Kreuz- 
burg until March,. 1918. The division was sent then to the Polotsk- Vitebsk region 
and then to the Baltic Provinces. It was in Esthonia at the beginning of May; to 
the west of Reval early in June. "I have been in Esthonia three weeks now for 
guard duty," a man wrote on May 19. The division was identified here several 
times subsequently, the last identification being on the 5th of September. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



388 Divisioisrs of German army which participated in war. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 389 

HISTORY. 

(15t]i Corps — District, Alsace.) 

1914. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

The 30th Division constituted the 15th Army Corps (Strassburg) with the 39th 
Division. 

1. At the beginning of the campaign the 30th Division formed a part of the 7th 
Army (Von Heeringen). Entraining on August 8, 1914, for Upper Alsace, it fought 
there until the 13th. It was transferred from there to south of Sarreburg and crossed 
the French frontier after the battle of the 20th. It advanced by way of Raon I'Etape 
across the Meurthe. At the beginning of September it was concentrated near Avri- 
court and went to Tergnier; from there to Craonne and Hurtebise. It fought there 
from the middle of September to the middle of October. 

2. Concentrated at Laon on October 20, the 30th Division (as well as the 39th Divi- 
sion) arrived on the Lys on the 29th. 

Flanders. 

3. The 15th Army Corps, now a part of the 6th Army, went into action southeast of 
Ypres, an area in which it remained for almost 15 months (October, 1914-January. 
1916). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. Before our attacks of 1915, the 30th Division was attached, with the 15th Army 
Corps to the 4th Army. It went into action south of Ypres. 

The 136th Infantry Regiment left it in April and became a part of the 115th Division 
(a new formation). 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. Toward the end of January, 1916, elements of the 30th Division were transferred 
to Verdun to take part in the February offensive. 

2. On February 24 the 15th Army Corps, which was on the western wing of the 
German attacking forces, went into action on the front of Maucourt-Warcq. 

3. The regiments of the 30th Division sufferecf slightly diu-ing this period, the battle 
having been less intense in the Woevre. Only the 105th Infantry Regiment, in action 
as a reenforcement of the 3d Army Corps, suffered very heavy losses. 

4. The 30th Division was not relieved after the battles of February and the beginning 
of March. It remained in the sector and, on July 11, the 99th and 143d Infantry 
Regiments took part in a new offensive. On August 8 the 143d Infantry Regiment 
attacked the works of Thiaumont and was decimated. At this time the regiments 
were filled from day to day by irregular replacements. (Between July 7 and 19 more 
than 136 men were sent to the 11th Company of the 99th Infantry Regiment.) 

SOMME. 

5. About the end of September the 30th Division was relieved and sent to rest in 
the Cambrai area. It went into line a short time afterwards, on the Somme at Sailly 
Saillisel and remained there one month. It again lost very heavily (the 143d Infantry 
Regiment lost half of its effectives). 

6. Relieved at the end of November, the 30th Division was sent back to the Verdun 
front. 

Meuse. 

7. After a rest near Dun sur Meuse, it went into line in the vicinity of the Mort 
Homme, then of the Cote du Poivre and east of Louvemont (from Dec. 15 to the end 
of January, 1917) without taking part there in any important offensive or defensive 
engagement. 



390 Divisioisrs of German army which participated iisr war. 

1917. 

Champa GNE. 

1. On March 1, 1917, it went into line in the sector east of Auberive and was still 
there at the time of our spring offensive in Champagne. It underwent this attack 
at the beginning of May and occupied the sector until the middle of August. During 
this time, between April 17-20 and the beginning of May, 1917, the losses of the 30th 
Division were very great. The effectives of the 105th Infantry Regiment were reduced 
to 400 men; this regiment had to be reorganized in the Argonne. 

Meuse. 

2. About August 25 the 30th Division was again transferred to the Meuse and occu- 
pied the trenches in the vicinity of Forges-Bethincourt, where its losses were slight. 

Cambrai. 

3. About October 24 the division was relieved. The British attack on the Cambrai 
front on November 20 caused it to be recalled in haste. It was sent into line on the 
23d, and remained there until about December 10. 

Champagne . 

4. At rest in the Sedan area, it was sent to the Champagne front, northwest of 
Auberive, about the middle of January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Of the three regiments of the division, one, the 105th Infantry Regiment, is Saxon. 
Stationed in Alsace since 1871, it has represented Saxony in the occupation of the 
Reichsland, and continues to draw its recruits from Saxony. The other two, Prussian, 
are composed mostly of Westphalians. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 30th Division is a good division and well commanded. 

-The morale, which is good in the 99th and 143d Infantry Regiments, would seem 
to be mediocre in the 105th Infantry Regiment (Saxon) in November, 1917. 

This last regiment, very much exhausted on April 17, 1917, was accused by the 
other regiments of having given way. It was withdrawn from the division for a 
month. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1. The middle of January the 30th Division relieved the 28th Reserve Division 
near Ville sur Tourbe; it was relieved about the 20th of March by the 52d Reserve 
Division, entrained near Vouziers and traveled via Hirson and Marie to the area 
northwest of Laon. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. On the 27th it left and marched via Achery-Vendeuil-Jussy-Flavy le Meldeux, 
Freniches-Libermont-Solente-Gruny, reaching Framicourt on the 12th of April, 
and entered line the following day south of Cantigny (west of Montdidier). It was 
withdrawn on May 16. 

3. The division had suffered casualties amounting to 30 per cent of its total effec- 
tives, and so when it was withdrawn, it moved to the region south of Roye to refit. 
Here each company received between 40 and 50 1919-class recruits, after which the 
division was trained. On June 12 it reinforced the front near Courcelles (south of 
Montdidier). It suffered heavy losses in the fighting that followed, and was with- 
drawn about the 22d. 

Champagne. 

-4. During the night of June 28-29 the division relieved the 1st Bavarian Division 
astride the Souain-Sommey road. It seems to have been "leap-frogged" by the 2d 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 391 

Bavarian Division on the 15th — the opening day of the Champagne offensive — but it 
relieved the 2d Bavarian Division on the 19th. It was relieved by the 22d Division 
on August 10, and went to rest in the Lens area. 
Cambrai. 

5. On the 23d of September it left and moved to the Cambrai area, where it arrived 
the following day. On the 27th it reenforced the battle front south of Villers Guislain 
(south of Cambrai). It was pushed back steadily in the ensuing weeks, and was 
withdrawn about the 28th of October, southeast of Englefontaine (south of Quesnoy), 
and went to rest in Maubeuge. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Until this year the 30th had always been considered a first-class division. During 
1918, however, it was not used nearly so much as other shock units. The fact that, 
although it was in line only a fortnight after more than a month's rest, it was not 
used in the attack of July 15 in Champagne, but was put back into line as soon as it 
was seen that the offensive there was a failure, is significant. It would seem that the 
German High Command considered it as only a second-class division. 



392 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 













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DIVISlOlSrS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 393 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 

1914. 
Alsace. 

1. The 30th Bavarian Reserve Division, constituted in August, 1914, half of Prus- 
sian and half of Bavarian troops, operated in the Vosges beginning with August 17, 
and entered St. Die on the 27th. 

In 1915, with the 39th Reserve Division, formed after it, it naade up the Eberhardt 
Corps, since then the 15th Reserve Corps. These 2 divisions comprised a total of 25 
battalions, reserve units, Landwehr or Ersatz, Bavarian for the most part, to which 
were subordinated Landsturm Battalions. 

They were scattered, after the retirement of the first part of September, 1914, 
among the valleys of the Plaine and the Liepvrette (Ste. Marie aux Mines). 

The predominance of Bavarian troops in these Divisions had the effect of causing 
both to be officially called Bavarian. As a matter of fact, they were afterwards 
almost exclusively filled by Bavarian contingents. 

1915. 

1. In 1915 the 30th Bavarian Reserve Division continued to occupy the same 
sector of the Vosges, south of the valley of the Plaine. It remained there until May, 
1917. The 39th Bavarian Reserve Division was at its left, holding the lines as far 
as Ste. Marie aux Mines. 

2. In the spring of 1915, the Brigade Ersatz Battalions of the divisions were grouped 
into regiments and became the 2d and 4th Bavarian Ersatz Regiments, forming 
the 5th Bavarian Ersatz Brigade. 

3. The two Brigades of the 30th Bavarian Reserve Division took an active part 
in the battles of La Fontenelle in June and July, 1915. 

1916. 

1. Vosges sector (south of the Valley of the Plaine, Senones, Le Ban-de-Sapt). 

2. In October, 1916, the 11th and 14th Bavarian Reserve Regiments went to the 
Ist Bavarian Landwehr Division and to the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division. 

The 30th Bavarian Reserve Division received, in November, the 8th Bavarian 
Landwher Regiment from the 1st Bavarian Landwehr Division, and in December 
the 15th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment, taken from the 39th Bavarian Division, which 
received the 2d Bavarian Ersatz Regiment in exchange. 

1917. 
LcMraine. 

1. In April, 1917, the 30th Bavarian Reserve Division was relieved from the Vosges 
sector, which it had occupied since its formation, and sent into line on the Lorraine 
front (sector of the Seille). 

2. At the end of October, it was transferred to Upper Alsace (north of the Rhone- 
Rhine Canal), where it relieved the 3d Reserve Division. 

VALUE— 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 30th Bavarian Reserve Division is a sector division, as it has occupied the 
front either in Lorraine or Alsace since its formation. Its offensive value is mediocre. 

In the 8th Bavarian Landwehr and the 4th Bavarian Ersatz Regiments, the aver- 
age age of the men is 38 years. The men of the machine gun companies are younger, 
according to the ordinary rule. In the 15th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment the ma- 
jority of thfe men are more than 30 years old. 



394 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Each battalion of the 8th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment possesses an assault troop 
composed of young men averaging 24 years of age. 
There is also a Divisional Assault Company. 

1918. 
Haute Alsace. 

1. The division remained in line north of the Rhine-Rhone Canal until the armis- 
tice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division possesses very little fighting value. The men are, for the most part, 
old, and the fathers of several children. Then, too, a great many are those — untrained 
landstrum— who usually, for physical defects, were not inducted into the army when 
their classes were called to the colors; these men complain of the hard work. More- 
over, Bavarians came to believe that Prussia was "using" them. It was found 
necessary to establish shock detachments with each battalion, and these do all of 
the necessary patrolling. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 395 








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DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 397 

HISTORY. 

(21st Corps District — Lorraine, part of Lower Alsace, and southern portion of the 

Rhine Province.) 

1914. 

Upon mobilization, the 31st Division, -with the 42d Division, constituted the 2l9t 

Army Corps. 

Lorraine. 

1. At the beginning of the war the 31st Division was a part of the 6th Army (Prince 
Rupprecht of Bavaria). In August, 1914, it was on the Lorraine frontier; on the 
12th of August at Chateau Salins, Rechicourt. It fought at Dieuze on August 20, 
where the 174th Infantry Regiment lost half of its effectives. The division was at 
Lxmeville on the 23d, marched upon Rehainviller, Gerbeviller on the 24th; at 
Rozelieure Essey on the 26th; in the vicinity of Moyen-Domptail at the beginning 
of September; it withdrew to Dieuze about September 11. 

SOMME. 

2. Transferred to the vicinity of St. Quentin-Vermand, about September 18, the 
division occupied the vicinity of Fouquescourt on September 26 and 27; attacked 
in the direction of Bouchoir on October 6. At the end of October the division took 
over the front of Fouquescourt-Chaulnes and kept it until the end of January, 1915. 
At this date the losses of the 174th Infantry Regiment, since the beginning of the 
war, amounted to 81 officers and 3 521 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. About January 25, 1915, the 31st Division left the Somme for the Eastern Front, 
leaving the 60th Infantry Regiment in France, and detrained at Tilsit. 

2. Concentrated in Eastern Prussia, at the beginning of February, it was a part 
of the Hindenburg Army. 

3. On February 14 it left the region of Augustowo to advance to the east. It reached 
Sopockin on the 20th and took up its position with the 21st Army Corps on the line 
Sopockin-Chatbine (north of Grodno). On the 9th of March, in a coimterattack 
of the Russians, it suffered heavy losses. 

4. From March 29 to April 24 it took part in the battles in the vicinity Kalwariia- 
Mariampol. 

5. At the end of April it Was withdrawn from the front and reorganized. From 
the time of its arrival in Russia imtil April 10, the first battalion of the 166th Infantry 
Regiment had lost 17 officers and 1,022 men, the 1st Company alone losing 5 officers 
and 336 men. 

6. At the end of July the division again occupied the lines near Mariampol. 

ViLNA. 

7. In the month of August it took part in the offensive upon Vilna. It advanced 
to KovQO on August 19, to Vilna at the end of September, and reached the area 
Smorgoni-Soly, where it stopped in October. 

8. The division was relieved on October 6. It went back into line about October 
24, in the sector of Postawy-Lake Narotch. 

Narotch. 

1. The 31st Division occupied the vicinity of Lake Narotch until its departure 
for the Western Front in December, 1917. 

2. At the end of March, 1916, it opposed the Russian offensive in the vicinity of 
this lake; it lost very heavily. 



398 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1917. 
Belgium. 

1. On December 5, 191.7, it was relieved from the Russian front, and after a few 
days rest at Vilna entrained for Belgium on December 16. (Itinerary: Wirballen- 
Koenigsberg-Elbing-Dirschau-Ramberg (?) Aix la Chapelle Verviers.) It de- 
trained about the 21st, in the ^dcinity of Ghent and took up its position at the end of 
January, 1918 south of the Ypres-Roulers line where it alternated with the 12th 
Reserve Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The 31st Division is recruited mostly from the vicinity of Sarrebrucken and St. 
Wendel in the Rhine Province. Most of the replacements are fm-nished by West- 
phalia 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 31st Division was on the Russian front from February, 1915 to December 1917. 

The quality is mediocre. 

1918. 
Yprbs. 

1. From January 19 to February 4 the division held the Moorslede sector (south of 
Ypres-Roulers railway). The division rested until the 14th in the vicinity of Lende- 
lede. It relieved the 12th Reserve Division on the 14th in its old sector at Moors- 
lede which it held untU March 3, and again from March 21 until April 4. 

Battle of the Lys. 

2. About April 4 the division was withdrawn and marched to the Messines front. 
The route lay thi-ough Meniu,. Werwicq, Comines, Warneton. It was engaged on 
April 10 to 12 in the Bois de Ploegsteert. For its fighting in this area the division 
was mentioned by the German communique of April 13. From the 12th to the 17th, 
it was in second line. It fought south and southwest of Kemmel from April 18 to 24 
when it passed into close support until the 26th. The division's losses were large in 
this severe engagement. The 3d Battalion of the 174th Regiment is known to have 
lost from 60 to 70 per cent of its effectives. 

3. When relieved in the Kemmel area, the division rested north of Tourcoing until 
May 6, undergoing reconstitution. It returned to line north of Kemmel on the night 
of May 6-7, relieving the Alpine Corps. It suffered heavily from the French attack 
of May 21, losing many prisoners. It was relieved on May 24, and rested in the 
Courtrai-Menin area until June 15. It was engaged in the sector south of Ypres 
from June 15 until July 27. 

WOEVRE. 

4. Following its arduous service on the Ypres front, the diAdsion was moved to a 
quiet sector on the Woevre. It was moved from Belgium by way of Brussels, Namur, 
Charleville, Sedan to Mars la Tour from where it marched to the front and took over 
the St. Mihiel sector on July 29, which it held untU September 3. 

Battle of St. Mikiel. 

5. The division was resting in the area north of Dampvitoux when the American 
attack was made on the St. Mihiel salient. It was brought into line north of Thiav- 
court on the 14th and held this sector until October 28. 

Meuse — Argonne. 

6. On the 31st, the division was engaged at Iniecourt (northeast of Grandpre) and 
took part in the final combats in that area. It was still in line on November 11. 

VALUE-ir-1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. In spite of its relatively low quality it 
appears to have been used as an attack division in the Lys offensive. The losses in 
the spring and the presence of numerous Lorrainers in its composition lowered the 
value of the division after May, 1918. 



DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED UJ WAR. 399 

















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HISTORY. 
(12th Corps District — Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgiitm-Marne . 

1. Upon the declaration of war the 32d Division, with the 23d Division, formed 
the 12th Army Corps (1st Saxon Army Corps). On the night of August 2, 1914, its 
64th Brigade entrained for the frontier north of Luxemburg to act as covering troops. 
The 32d Division was concentrated there on the 10th and entered Belgium on the 
13th. In August, it marched with the 3d Army (von Hansen), fought on the right 
bank of the Meuse on August 23 near Dinant, entered France, went into action on the 
28th at Signy I'Abbaye, and from there went down to Chalons. It took part in the 
battle of the Mame to the left of the Guard at Lenharree on the extreme right flank 
of the 6th Army and retired by way of Chalons, Mourmelon, Betheniville to the north- 
west of Rheims. 
Champagne. 

*2. Reattached to the 7th Army (Von Heeringen), it took part in the attacks in the 
vicinity of Rheims (northwests. 

3. When the front became stabilized it retained the sector of Berry au Bac Craonne 
and remained there until the month of July, 1915. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1. Sector Berry au Bac-Craonne. (During this period the losses of the division were 
very small.) In April, 1915, the 178th Infantry Regiment was taken from the 82d 
Division and assigned to the 123d Division (a new formation). 

1916. 

1. Retained in the same calm sector and having taken part in no important affair 
since October, 1914, the 32(i Division retained its combat value intact at the end of 
June, 1916. 

SOMME. 

2. During the first days of the Franco-British offensive on the Somme the 32d Divi- 
sion sent one battalion from reserve there, which went into action from July 4 to July 
7 in the vicinity of Belloy. 

3. Toward the end of July two of its regiments (102d and 103d Infantry Regiments) 
helped to form (with elements from the 23d Division) the provisional Franke Division, 
which fought on the Somme until September 10 (Deniecourt-Vermandovillers). The 
losses were very heavy. 

4. On the 4th of September the 177th Infantry Regiment was sent up in its turn, 
but was in action only a few days in the vicinity of Vermandovillers from September 
4 to 10. Its losses were enormous (1,600 men in 6 days). 

5. The Franke Division was withdrawn on September 10 and dissolved. 
Argonne. 

6. The 32d Division, reformed (102d, 103d, 177th Infantry Regiments) and reor- 
ganized, was sent north of Rheims and then to the Argonne (Four de Paris and Avo- 
court wood). 

Somme. 

7. Relieved at the beginning of November, it entrained on the 3d and 4th near 
Grandpre, detrained at Hirson, and on November 15 began to occupy the sector 
between Bouchavesnes and northeast of Clery. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 401 

1917. 

1. The 32d Division was retained in the Bouchaeveanes sector until the time of 
the German retirement in March, 1917. 

2. It left the Somme front at the end of March. 
Champagne. 

3. After a period of rest in the vicinity of Sissonne, the division went into action 
in the sector of Mont sans Nom (4 kilometers west of Vaudesincourt on Apr. 17 and 18). 
Having lost heavily, the 3 regiments were withdrawn on the 19th. 

4. On May 5 the division again went into line west of Tahure. 
Flanders. 

5. About June 10 it was relieved, and after a few days of rest entrained at Machault 
for Flanders. There it went into line near the Ypres-Menin road. 

6. At the beginning of September it was withdrawn from the Ypres front and sent 
to rest, then took over the sector Warneton-Messines and was not relieved until the 
middle of January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 32d Division ia exclusively Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In June, 1917, the morale of the division was very low because of the losses suffered 
at Mont Haut. 

However, during the division's stay in the Tahure sector from May to June, 1917, 
there were only two desertions. 

Besides, Gen. von Der Decken is considered an energetic commander and it is 
very probable that imder his influence the morale has become more satisfactory 
(September, 1917). 

1918. 
Battle op the Lys. 

1. The division was relieved on January 15 by the 49th Reserve Division and 
rested near Tournai until the beginning of March. It was railed to Wambrechies 
and entered the line northwest of Lille about March 1. About the 4th of April it 
was moved south and on April 9 was engaged at Fleurbaix. It was withdrawn to 
rest on the 16th to Armentieres and returned to line on the 18th, relieving the 117th 
Division. It was in line until May 8, during which time it suffered heavy losses. 
A replacement of 450 men was received on April 17. 

2. Relieved by the 35th Division, it rested in rear of the Lys front until May 26, 
when it took over the sector west of Merville and held it until the end of June. 
Woevre. 

3. It was relieved about July 1 and railed to Lorraine, detraining near Spincourt 
on July 4. About this time, the division received a draft of 1500 men. It was in 
line at Eix-Bezonveaux from July 15 to October 1, a very quiet sector. The troops 
were marched to the rear on that date and rested in the Eton-Loison area for two days. 
On the 3d the division marched to Penard-Tilly, where it rested until the 5th, and 
on that night marched to Breville. It came into line on October 9 on the right bank 
of the Meuse, and was engaged in the Bois de Moirey region until October 24. Losses 
Were heavy, some companies being reduced to 15 men. On November 3 the division 
reappeared in its former sector of Bezonvaux, relieving the 106th A. H. D. It held 
this sector until the armistice. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It did well on the Lys in April, but after 
that was not seriously engaged except for a few days in October, when it was brought 
up to resist an American attack east of the Meuse. In the fighting it did not dis- 
tinguish itself. The morale of the division was low in the latter half of 1918. 
125651°— 20 26 



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HISTORY. 

(16th. Corps District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 

At the beginning of the war the 33d Division, with th« 34th Division, formed the 
16tli Army Corps (Metz). Reservists began arriving on July 29 (Soldbuecher). 

1. At the outbreak of hostilities the 33d Division was a part of the 5th Army (Ger- 
man Crown Prince). It invaded France by way of Audun le Roman, went around 
by the north of Verdun, crossed the Meuse at Givry on September 1 and advanced 
as far as Rambluzim and Heippes (20 kilometers south of Verdim). 

Argonne. 

2. After the battle of the Marne it took up its position in the Argonne. Its advance 
had been costly. On September 24 the new commander of the 98th Infantry Regi- 
ment foxmd it reduced 13 officers and 982 men (document). 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1. The 33d Division remained without interruption in the Argonne from Septem- 
ber, 1914, to about the middle of August, 1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. About August 10, 1916, the division was relieved from the Argonne and, 'after 
a short rest behind the front, was sent into the line at Verdun, east of Fleury. 

2. In this sector, the division lost rather heavily. It remained there tmtil the 
middle of September, at which time it took its place in the sector Vauquois, giving 
the 144th Infantry Regiment to the 223d DiA^sion, a new formation. 

Argonne. 

3. Dming this latter period, which extended up to the middle of December, the 
division was reorganized and absorbed the 4th Battalion, suppressed, on October 31, 
in the 27th Landwehr Regiment. At the same time, the 4th Battalions which the 
regiments of the division possessed, were broken up. 

SOMME. 

4. Transferred to the Somme about December 15, it there occupied the sector 
east of Beaumont-Hamel and did not leave it until February 8, 1917. During these 
two months, its losses were rather serious. 

1917. 

Argonne. 

1. Sent to rest in the Sedan area, the 33d Division went back into its old sector 
Vauquois at the end of February, 1917. No important event marks its stay in the 
Argonne after that time. 

Champagne. 

2. On May 3, it was relieved and transferred to Champagne. It marched as far 
as Pont Faverger and went into line at Cornillet and Mont Blond. It took part 
in the battle on this front and suffered some losses (172 prisoners from the 130th 
Infantry Regiment on May 20). 

Argonne. 

3. Withdrawn from this region at the end of May, it was again sent to the Argonne 
(Boureuilles-Vauquois), about June 7. 

Champagne. 

4. At the end of September it came out of the Argonne, and about October 4 went 
to the area of Tahure, where it remained in line until February, 1918. 



404 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

Not being able to utilize the regional system of recruiting from annexed Lorraine, 
the 33d Division is composed almost entirely of Westphalians from the 7th Corpa 
District. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 16th Army Corps, of ■Which the 33d Division is a part, has always had the 
reputation of being one of the best corps of the German Army. 

Although the 33d Division lost very heavily during the offensive of April and 
May, 1917, it still appeared strong (October, 1917). 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved on January 4 by the 28th Reserve Division and went 
to rest and train in the area northwest of Sedan. On March 14 it was railed to the 
vicinity of Rozoy sur Serre and rested a week north of Montcornet. From there the 
division proceeded by night marches via Montcornet-Crecy sur Serre-Monceau le 
Neuf-Ribemont-Mezieres-Moy ly Fontaine-Gibercourt-Montescourt-Jussy-Flavy le 
Martel, where it arrived on March 23. On the following night the division was 
billeted in Villeselve and came into line astride the Ham-Noyon road on March 24. 
Battle of Picardy. 

2. On the 25th the division fought its way through Noyon and on the following 
days was engaged in heavy fighting about Suzoy and Mont Renaud, which it failed to 
capture in spite of heavy sacrifices. It was withdrawn on April 15. 

3. The division rested from April 15 to May 24 in the vicinity of Dercy, Mortiers, 
Pierrepont, and Barenton sur Serre undergoing reconstitution. It marched to the 
Aisne front by Coucy les Eppes, Bruyeres, and (Chamomile. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

4. The division was engaged on May 27 in the front line of the attack and advanced 
by Fancy, Courtecon, Verneuil, Pont-Arcy, Dhinzel, Courcelles, Jouaignes (20th), 
Oulchy la Ville, south of Neuilly St. Front, Dammard. In this last region losses 
were heavy on June 2. It was relieved by the 78th Reserve Division on June 3. 
Second Battle op the Marne. 

5. The division rested south of Soissons from June 7 to July 11, when it marched 
to the Marne front by Braisne, Fere en Tardenois, Foret de Ris. It was in reserve 
on the 15th on the north of the Marne, west of Dormans. On the 17th-18th it fell 
back on Beuvardes and Grisolles and was engaged the next day southeast of Neuilly 
St. Front. In the heavy fighting of the following days the di\ision was thrown back 
south of Oulchy le Chateau toward Fere en Tardenois (July 21-23). The division 
withdrew until the Vesle was reached when it was relieved about July 31. 

Verdun. 

6. The division entrained southeast of Montcornet on August 6 and was moved to 
Avocourt via Sedan-Charleville-Montmedy. It rested southeast of Stenay until 
August 15. Replacements were received from the dissolved 33d Reserve Division 
in August. On August 21, the division entered line near Ornes (north of Verdun) 
where it remained until the armistice. 

VALUE— 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as Erst class. It was used as an assault division in the Somme 
and Aisne offensives of 1918. It was disorganized by its- losses in the Marne retreat 
and never recovered its offensive value. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 405 








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406 DIVISIONS OF GERMAH ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

HISTORY. 

(16th Corps District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. Formed at Metz with the 8th Bavarian Brigade and the 66th Reserve Brigade, 
the 33d Reserve Division was a part of the 5th Army (German Crown Prince) at the 
outbreak of the war. In August, 1914, it took part in the battles of Nomeny and went 
to Verdun by way of Gondrecourt, Rouvres, Etain. On Augus't 24 and 25 it was in 
action at Etain and suffered heavily. On August 26 the 10th Company of the 8th 
Bavarian Regiment had only 75 men left (notebook). 

At the beginning of September, it occupied both banks of the Moselle south of 
Pont a Mousson, and about September 15 the vicinity of Thiaucourt. 

WOEVRE LeS EpARGES. 

2. At the end of September and the beginning of October it went back into the 
Sector slouth of Etain (Riaville, Bracquis). On October 8 the 8th Bavarian Brigade 
attacked Champion and Fresnes; the 67th Reserve Regiment attacked the Ville en 
Woevre on October 9. After these battles, the 33d Reserve Division took up its 
position on the Cotes de Meus'^ (Combres, Les Eparges). • 

3. In November the 66th Reserve Brigade was in Flanders — on the Yser Canal 
from November 16 to 24, and left for Lorraine on November 25. 

1915. 
C6tes de Meuse. 

1. The 33d Reserve Division remained in line on the Cotes de Meuse until the 
end of July, 1916. 

2. About January 17, 1915, elements of the 66th Reserve Brigade were sent to the 
Bois le Pretre and suffered heavy losses. They rejoined the division on the Cotes 
at the end of January. 

Les Eparges. 

3. From February to the end of April, 1915, the 33d Reserve Division took part 
in the battles of Combres and of Les Eparges; it lost very heavily there, especially 
in the actions of February 17 to 20. From April 15 to May 1 no less than 140 men 
were sent as replacements to the 12th Company of the 67th Reserve Regiment. 

4. After reorganization the 33d Reserve Division went to the calmer sector of 
Vaux les Palameix, Lamorville. 

Calonne. 

5. The division once more suffered heavy losses in the Calonne trench in May, 
1915. 

6. On July 17, 1915, the 130th Reserve Infantry Regiment was sent in support of 
an attack on Les Epairges. After this period the 33d Reserve Division occupied the 
sector south of Vaux les Palameix (Chevaliers wood, Bouchot wood) without taking 
part in any important engagement. 

1916. 

1. On July 25, 1916, the division was relieved from the Cotes de Meuse and sent 
to rest untU August 25 in the area north of Briey. At this time the 8th Bavarian 
Brigade was detached from the 33d Reserve Division to serve in forming the 14th 
Bavarian Division and the 33d Reserve Division was reorganized with three regi- 
ments, with the 66th Reserve Brigade and the 364th Infantry Regiment (coming 
from the 8th Ersatz Division). 

Verdun. 

2. On August 26 the division went into line on the front north of Verdun, south- 
west of the fort of Vaux. It took part in the battles from September 2 to 9 in the 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 407 

Vaux Chapitre Tvood and suffered very heavy losses. The 12th Company of the 67th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment received at least 142 men as replacements from Sep- 
tember 13 to 21. 

3. After being reorganized the division underwent the French attack of October 
24, which again caused it considerable losses. Upon its relief the 2d Battalion of 
the 130th ReserA'^e Infantry Regiment was reduced to 45 combatants. (Notebook 
of an aspirant officer.) 

4. Withdrawn from the front on November 1, the 33d Reserve Division was sent 
to rest and to be reorganized. It had suffered so heavily that among the reenforce- 
ments at the beginning of 1917 we find untrained men of the Landsturm II Ban. 
Lorraine. 

5. The di\dsion was then sent to Lorraine to the Blamont sector. 

1917. 

1. The division held the Lorraine front until March 10, 1917. 
Chemin des Dames. 

2. After a month's rest in the vicinity of Sarreburg, the 33d Reserve Division 
was transferred to Marie (Apr. 16-19). On April 21 and 22 elements of the division 
were distributed upon different points of the Aisne front to replace the units exhausted 
by the French attack of April 16, and soon afterwards were regrouped north of Laffaux 
Mill . The 33d Reserve Division suffered very hea^^ losses withstanding the French 
attack of May 5 and counterattacking on the days following (May 5-7) (1,000 pris- 
oners); almost the entii-e 2d Battalion of the 67th Reserve Infantry Regiment was 
captured. 

3. Withdrawn in part from the Aisne front on May 12, the 33d Division again had 
some of its units in action between the Aisne Canal and Laffaux Jilill until May 23 
(German attack of May 16, where the 130th Reserve .Infantry Regiment suffered 
heavy losses). 

4. At the end of May the 33d Reserve Division returned to the Adcinity of Sarre- 
burg to rest and be reorganized. It received recruits not only from the recruit depot 
of Beverloo, but also from the depot at Warsaw. 

Lorraine. 

5. About June 10 it again took over its former sector in Lorraine (Blamont-Leintry). 
Verdun. 

6. On August 23 the diAosion went into action on the Verdun front (sector of 
Baumont-Chaume wood). It underwent the French attack of the 26th where it 
suffered heaAdly. It again had recourse to the Warsaw recruit depot which sent it, 
among other reenforcements, untrained men of the Landsturm second Ban. 

7. Relieved about September 10, the 33d Reserve Division was transferred to 
Galicia by Avay of Metz, Frankfort, Erfurt, Dresden, Breslau, Cracow. 

Galicia. 

8. It Avas identified in Galicia at the beginning of October. 

recruiting. 

After the 8th Bavarian Brigade was withdrawn the 33d ReserA^e DiAdsion was exclu- 
siA^ely Prussian. Its regiments were recruited almost entirely from the Rhine Province 
and Westphalia. In May, 1917, however, folloAving the losses suffered on the Chemin 
des Dames, a great number of young men came from Western Prussia (1918 class), 
coming tfom the large depots of BeA^erloo and Warsaw. At the end of August the 
Warsaw depot sent untrained men from the Landsturm II Ban from the 9th and 10th 
Corps Districts. 



408 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 33d Reserve Division is a good division. 

At Verdun elements of the division fought vigorously and made the French advance 
very difficult on October 24, 1916. 

Between May 5 and May 7, 1917, the division launched very violent counterattacks 
against Laffaux Mill. Elements of the 364th Infantry Regiment succeeded in cap- 
turing the Chateau de la Motte. In the sector of Beaumont at Verdun the 1st Battalion 
of the 364th Infantry Regiment put up a very stubborn resistance to the French on 
August 26, 1917. 

The 33d Reserve Division was very much exhausted by the attacks on the Aisne. 
The reenforcement which it received on May 4, 1917, were mostly men belonging to 
the 1918 class. On August 26, 1917, more than one-foxirth of the prisoners belonged 
to this class. 

In January, 1918, it already counted among its ranks young men of the 1919 class, 
who had arrived on January 14. 

Taking into account its recent long rest and its intensive training in offensive war- 
fare and the declarations of prisoners captured in March, 1918, who all declare that 
their division is an assault division destined to take part in a great breaking through 
offensive, we must conclude that the 33d Reserve Division has again become an 
organization of high quality (Mar. 30, 1918). 

1918. 
Battle op the Aisne. 

1. The division continued to hold its sector northwest of Rheims until the Aisne 
offensive in May. It advanced with the rest of the line, having as its objective the 
Marne River. It progressed through Cauroy (27th), St. Thierry (28th), and Vrigny 
(31st). Here the line was stabilized. The division was withdrawn June 20. 
Champagne. 

2. On June 25 the division relieved the 88th Division in the Mont Tetu sector 
(Eastern Champagne). It was on the extreme left of the German attack east of 
Rheims on July 15, and suffered so heavily that it was withdrawn on July 20. 

3. In mid-August the division was broken up. The 364th and 67th Reserve Regi- 
ments were drafted to the 16th and 34th Divisions. 

VALUE — 19l8 estimate. 

The 33d Reserve Division was rated as fourth class. As a result of its failure in 
the Aisne and Champagne offensives, it was disbanded in August, 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 409 

























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410 DIVISIONS OF GEPMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

■ HISTORY. 

(16th Corps District — Lorraine.) '' 

1914. 

Upon mobilization, the 34th Division and the 33d Division ■^'rere organic parts of 
tiie 16th Army Corps (Metz). 
Meuse. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 34th Division marched with the 5th Army (Ger- 
man Crown Prince), entered France on August 21, by Audun le Roman and by way 
of Nouillon Pont, and reached the Meuse, which it crossed at Vilosaes and Sivry on 
September 1. It advanced as far as Beauzee and Seraucourt. 

Argonne. 

2. After the battle of the Marne it retired to the north and took up its position in 
the Argonne. 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1. The 54th Division remained In the Argonne without interruption from September, 
1914, until about August 15, 1916. It took part there in the offensives ofJanuary and 
July, 1915, where it suffered heavy losses. On January 18, 1915, the SOth Infantry 
Regiment had already lost 56 officers and 2,723 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

2. After these violent battles, it received fairly large replacements. The division 
suffered no serious losses in this sector dming the period which followed these engage- 
ments until its relief on Aug. 15, 1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. On this date the 34th Division was transferred to the riglit bank of the Meuse 
at Verdun. 

2. It went into action in the Chiaumout sector at the end of August, 1916, and 
during the month of September, took part in some very severe battles in this vicinity. 

3. On September 20, its losses were very great, because of our attack. The regi- 
ments of the 34th Division again lost heavily in the course of our offensive of October 
24, v/hich succeeded in recapturing the Douaumont Fort and the Thiaumont Works; 
on that day, their resistance was rather weak. The 67th Infantry Regiment received 
about 71 men for its 8th Company in the week of October 28-November 5. 

Vosges. 

4. On October 29 the' 34th Division was relieved. Beginning with November 14, 
it occupied a calm sector in the Vosge^, southwest of Senones. At this time it received 
fairly large replacements. The 173d Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 223d 
Di-\dsion, a new formation. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1917, the division returned to the Argonne. It 
remained there a short time. In the middle of March, it was relieved and transferred 
to the region north of Rheims ^beginning of April). 

Champagne. " ^^ 

2. Immediately after oiu' offensive of April 16, the 67th andSOth. Infantry Regi- 
ments went into action in the vicinity of Brimont, while the M5th Infantry Regi- 
ment was sent to Cornillet as a reenforcement from April 18 to 20. 

' 3. About April 25, the 34th Division was again concentrated in the Brimont sector, 
where it relieved the 43d Reserve Division. 

4. About the middle of June it extended its sector to include the stretch from the 
Champ du Seigneur to the Verrerie of Courcy. During the attacks of April the divi- 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WPIICH PARTICIPATED IIST "WAR. 411 

sion suffered very heavy losses; the 145th Infautry Regiment lost about one-third of 
its effectives. 

Flanders. 

5. On July 21 the 34th Division was relieved from the Rheims front and sent to 
Flanders on August 7. It remained in reserve in the Adcinity of Dadizeele until 
August 12. It then went into action near the Ypres-Menin road, where it had heavy 
losses. 

WOEVRE. 

6. On August 24, it left this front for La Haye, where it went into line southeast of 
Thiaucourt (vicinity of Flilrey) and remained until October 31. 

Cambrai. 

7. At the beginning of November, it Was in the vicinity of Cambrai. It took part 
in the German counterattack of November 30. 

Laonnois. 

8. After a rest in December, the 34th Division occupied the sector of Grandelain, 
on the Ailette, until January 7, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Because of the difficulty of recruiting in its own corps district (Lorraine), the 34th 
Division is composed mostly of Westphalians and men from the Rhine Province. 
The name of "Magdeburg" given to the 67th Infantry Regiment has only a historic 
value. 

The men, as a rule, belong to the classes of 1912 to 1918. 

The replacements received by the division in Lorraine (September, 1917) brought 
in an tmdetermined number of men more than 25 years of age, especially those of the 
Landsturm of about 30 years of age, withdrawn from the Russian front and trained for 
a while in a depot in the interior. 

VALUE— 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 34th Division was one of the good Divisions of the German Army. Neverthe- 
less, at the time of our attack upon Thiamont on October 24, 1916, it had a period of 
genuine weakness. 

Its attitude in the Brimont sector in April and May, 1917, was such that it must 
still be classed among the good divisions. 

At Ypres, in August, 1917, charged with the defense of one of the most important 
sectors, it did not realize the hopes of the German High Command. 

According to the interrogation of a prisoner (February, 1918), the 34th Di'visioD is 
a shock division destined to attack. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1. Early in January the division which had been resting near Laon, relieved the 3d 
Bavarian Division near Courtecon (south of Laon); withdrawn toward the end of 
February, it went to rest near Liesse (northeast of Laon), where it remained until 
March 15. 

PiCARDY. 

2. Then it marched toward the front via Marcy (west of Marie) and Ribemont. 
On the 21st it entered line south of St. Quentin, took Benay, which was its objective, 
crossed the canal, and took Jussy on the 23d. It continued its advance as far as 
Pontoise (southeast of Noyon). It was withdrawn on April 2, after having lost 50 
per cent of its total effectives, and went to rest in the area southeast of Roye. While 
here it received 1,000 replacements. 



412 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

3. On the 10th, it came back into line south of Guiscard (north of Noyon). It 
was withdrawn about the 20th, the 50th Division taking over its sector. 

4. After spending about 10 days near Beaumont en Beine (southeast of Ham) 
training in close and open order and in rifle practice, the division relieved the 223d 
Division south of Appilly (east of Noyon) on May 1. On the 15th, it received 15 
replacements per company. It was relieved by the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division 
on the 20th, and went to rest, first in the region east of Chauny, and then in the St. 
Gobain forest (south of La Fere). 

AlSNE. 

5. After having been in reserve four days near Pemant (west of Soissons), the 
division reenforced the front near Ambleny (west of Soissons) on June 12, attacking, 
ie same day, with the Coeuvres-Vic sur Aisne road as its objective. It could make 
no headway at all, and suffered losses of about 30 per cent of its strength. It was 
withdrawn about the 6th of July. 

6. On the 19th, it came back into line near Vauxbuin (southwest of Soissons), 
and was withdrawn on the 22d after suffering severely; over 300 in prisoners alone. 
It went to rest in the Guise area; later, it moved to the vicinity of Coucy le Chateau. 
While here, it received as a draft the dissolved 67th Reserve Regiment (33d Reserve 
Division disbanded). ■ 

AlLETTE. 

7. The division reenforced the front near Cuts (southeast of Noyon) on August 15. 
It was withdrawn on September 25. 

St, Quentin. 

8. It entrained the same day north of St. Gobain, and detrained in the St. Bohain 
region the next day; it rested here for two days, and was transported by truck to St. 
Quentin on the 28th. The following day, it relieved the 221st Division southwest 
of that town. On the 30th, it was forced to relinquish St. Quentin to the French. 
It continued to withdraw, but fighting stubbornly, and Was relieved on the 9th of 
October near Fontaine-Uterte (northeast of St. Quentin). It rested for a week 
between Avesnes and Maubeuge. 

Guise. 

9. It moved to the Petit Verly-Grougis region (northwest of Guise) on the 17th, 
in support of the 81st Reserve Division, but that unit being placed hors de combat 
by the attack of the 18th, the 34th Division found itself in the front line, and even 
lost nearly 100 prisoners. It was relieved on the 23d after losing nearly 700 more 
prisoners. It then rested about a week in the Vervins region. 

10. On November 1, it returned to line near Puisieux (south of Guise), and with- 
drew along the line Marly, Romery, Sommeron. It was still in line on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 34th has always been considered as one of the best second-class divisions. 
As a result, however, of its heavy losses during the spring, it contained large numbers 
of boys of the 1919 class. Having been engaged without rest from the middle of 
August until the end of the war, it was reduced to the point where it has less than 
1,000 effectives left. In all probability, it would soon have been dissolved had the 
war continued. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 413 






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414 DIVISIOlSrS of GERMAIsT army which participated IE" WAR. 

HISTOKY. 

(17tli Corps District — ^Western Prussia.) 

1914-15. 
East Prussia. 

1. The 35th Division formed with the 3Gth Division the 17th Army Corps (Danzig). 
It remained on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the war until October, 1915. 
It took part in the battles of Gumbinnen and Tannenberg, then in the two German 
offensives upon Warsaw. It participated in the operations on the Bztira and the 
Narew, where it remained tmtil August 1, 1915. 

Russia. 

2. It was sent to rest near Bielostok, and at the end of September, 1915, the decision 
was made to send it to the Western Front. 

3. It entrained at Grodno about October 6, and arrived about the 10th in the vicinity 
of Peronne where it was filled up. The 9th Company of the 176th Infantry Regiment 
received no less than 60 men between October 3 and 13. 

France. 

4. In the middle of October it went into the Roye sector and remained there during 
the entire winter of 1915-16. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. About May 25, 1916, it went slightly to the north and occupied the sector between 
the Chaulnes- Amiens railroad and the south of Soy6court. 

2. At the beginning of July, when the Somme battle began, the 35th Division was 
holding the front from west of Vermandovillers to the south of Chilly. The 176th 
Infantry Regiment was sent into line in the sector of Herb^court-Estr6es on July 2 
_and lost 170 prisoners to the French. This regiment lost heavily in the French attack 
of July 20 between Belloy and the Etoile wood. 

3. On September 4 and the days following the 35th Division was effecting a relief 
at the time of the French offensive and suffered considerably because of this (almost 
2,000 prisoners, 39 of whom were oflicers). 

4. It had to be retired from the front on September 8 and sent to rest at Ham. 
Between October 15 and 20 it again went into line from the southwest of Chaulnes to 
the southwest of Chilly. 

5. According to official calculations, the 35th Division had casualties of 6,102 men, 
68 per cent of the effectives engaged, in the course of the battle of the Somme. 

1917. 

St. Quentin. 

1. The 35th Division remained in the vicinity of Chaulnes until the German retire- 
ment. It took part in the retreat and established itself in the Hindenburg Line south 
of St. Quentin at the end of March. 

Artois. 

2. After a few days of rest in the vicinity of Guise at the beginning of April, the 
division took part in the battle of Arras in the second half of April. At this time it 
lost about 50 per cent of its fighting men. The 141st Infantry Regiment received in 
May 135 to 140 men per company to make up for its losses (1918 class and men liberated 
by the dissolution of the 618th Infantry Regiment). 

Flanders. 

3. Sent to rest for the entire month of May in the vicinity of Lille and filled up by 
replacements of 3,000 men coming from the recruit depot at Warsaw on May 9, the 
35th Division was sent into Belgium and occupied, on May 31, the banks of the Ypres- 
Comines Canal. On June 7 it lost heavily there (5,000 to 6,000 men, of whom 1,272 
were prisoners). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 415 

4. Reorganized on June 11 in the vicinity of Cambrai, by replacements mostly made 
up of returned convalescents and wounded, the division was then sent into line in a 
calm sector north of St. Quentin, where it remained from June 21 to October 20. 
Flanders. 

5. On October 22 and 23 it reappeared on the Flanders front in the sector of the 
Houthulst wood. It had rather serious losses between October 22 and 25. 

It was relieved on January 22, 1918, and sent to rest east of Bruges. 

EECRUITING. 

The 35th Division is recriiited from western Prussia with some help from the 6th 
Corps District, especially in June, 1916 (important replacements made up of miners 
from Silesia). There is a rather large proportion of Poles, not only from the 17th 
Corps District, but also from the 5th and 6th Corps Districts. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 35th Division has taken part in numerous battles. Its quality has been greatly 
weakened by the incorporation of recruits of the 1918 class, and by the increase of the 
Polish elements. 

The 35th Division appears to be a mediocre division (July, 1917). 

The morale of the 141st Infantry Regiment, 50 per cent of which are Poles, appears 
poor. (November, 1917.) 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1. The division was at rest east of Bruges (Maldeghem) until about February 17, 
when it was engaged in the vicinity of Merckem until March 20. 

Battle op theLys. 

2. It entrained at Pitthem on the 22d and moved to Carvin. It was in reserve at 
Evin-Malmaison until March 27, and later in reserve south of Lens (near Rouvroy) 
until April 1. It was moved to Lille and engaged from April 8-9 to the 14th at Neuve- 
Chapelle, Lestrem, Locon, Neuf Berquin. In the fighting on April 12 the division 
lost heavily. It was withdrawn on April 14. 

Flanders. 

3. The division rested near Armen tiers until May 5, during which period it was 
reviewed by the Kaiser. It was in the sector north of Bailleul from May 8 to July 3. 
At this time the company effectives of the division seems to have been about 50 men. 
The division rested at Bruges from the 5th to the 17th, when it returned to the 
Merckem sector and occupied it until August 18. Considerable replacements were 
received in mid- August by the division. 

Artois. 

4. It rested near Lille (Aug. 19-24), and on August 25 was railed to Douai. On the 
26th the division occupied the Drocourt-Queant line and fought in the area until 
about September 30, when it was relieved after losing 800 prisoners. 

Battle of Cambresis. 

5. The division was reengaged on October 1 northwest of Cambrai. It withdrew 
to Abancourt (9th), Hem-Lenglet (11th), Denain north of Maing, Famars (28th), 
northwest of Maresches (Nov. 1). It passed to second line about the 1st of the month, 
returning on November 9 near Harchies. The division was not in line on Novem- 
ber 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was considered as a good sector-holding 
division in 1918. 



416 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAK. 






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HISTORY. 

(420tli Infantry Regiment: 1st Corps District — East Prussia. 421st Infantry Regi- 
ment: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 438th Infantry Regiment: 14tli Corps Dis- 
trict — Grand Ducliy of Baden.) 

1914. 

The 35th Reserve Division is a Landwehr division. It has always occupied the 
Eastern Front. 

Poland. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 35th Reserve Division fought (Aug. 25-28) on the 
southern frontier of East Prussia, which it crossed. It took part in the Polish cam- 
paign — southwest of Warsaw in October and November, 1914, in the vicinity of Czen- 
stochow in December. 

1915. 

G ALICIA. 

1. From January to March, 1915, the division was in line south of the Pilica. From 
April to June it took part in the operations in the Carpathians, then in the vicinity of 
Lemberg. 

Russia. 

2. In the middle of July it was replaced near Sokal (Galicia) by the 39th Austrian 
Division and went south of Grabowiec. The pursuit of the Russians led it north of 
Cholm in the beginning of August, east of Brest-Litovsk, near Kobrin in September, 
then to the Chtchara at the mouth of the Oginski Canal in October. 

3. It took up its position along the canal north of Logischin. 

1916. 
Oginski Canal. 

1. The 35th Reserve Division remained in line along the Oginski Canal for more 
than two years (Oct., 1915 to Feb., 1918). 

2. About October, 1916, the 5th Landwehr Brigade (2d and 9th Landwehr Regi- 
ments) was assigned to the 226th Division (being formed in the Smorgoni sector). 
The 35th Reserve Division received two new regiments — the 420th and 421st Infantry 
Regiments. 

1917. 
Oginski Canal. 

1. The division was in the same sector. 

In July, 1917, the 438th Infantry Regiment became a part of the 35th Reserve 
Division to replace the lOTtlrSaxon Landwehr Regiment, which had been transferred 
to the 45th Landwehr Division (Saxon). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Composed of Landwehr and Landsturm elements, retained for more than two years 
in a calm sector of the Russian front, later in the Ukraine, the 35th Reserve Division 
has only a mediocre military value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. In March the division advanced into Ukraine, after having furnished men to the 
10th Landwehr Division, which was about to leave for the Western Front. In this 
advance the division saw some fighting and consequently suffered some losses. In 
AprU the division was identified in the Gomel region. The division was identified 
in Ukraine early in October, and so its reported presence in Flanders on September 
20 appears incorrect. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class, 
125651°— 20 27 



418 Divisioisrs of German army which participated in war. 



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DIVISIOlsrS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 419 

HISTORY. 

(17th Corps District — West Prussia.) 

1914. 

The 36th Division (with the 35th Division) was a part of the 17th Army Corps 
(Danzig). 

East Prussia— Russia. 

1. The 17th Army Corps, which comprises the 35th and 36th Divisions, was sent to 
East Prussia in August, 1914, where it belonged to the 8th Army, soon placed under the 
command of Von Hindenburg. With this army it took part in the battle of Tannenberg 
on August 30, and in the battle of Lootzen on September 9, then with the 9th German 
Army (Mackensen), in the battle of Radom, on October 6. 

2. In the battles which mark the advance upon Warsaw and then the retreat, the 
regiments of the 36th Division, and especially the 5th Grenadier Regiment, suffered 
considerable losses (principally at Lodz between Nov. 23 and Dec. 6). 

1915. 

1. During the winter of 1914-15 the 36th Division, with the 17th Army Corps, took 
part in the actions along the Bzura until June. In July it was on the Narew, later 
on the right bank of the Bug, and at the beginning of September on the Chtchara 
River. 

2. At the end of September, 1915, at the time of the pressure exerted by the Franco- 
British offensive, the 17th Army Corps entrained for the Western Front. 

France. 

3. Detraining at Peronne on October 10, it was sent to rest in the vicinity of Ham 
until October 10. At this date it went into line in the Roye sector. Until the battle 
of the Somme it was not seriously engaged. 

1916. 

SoMME. " 

1. Upon the outbreak of the Franco-British offensive on the Somme in July, 1916, 
the 36th Division occupied the sector included between the south of CMlly and the 
north of Andechy. It was not engaged as a whole until October, the time when the 
battle front extended as far as the Chaulnes-Cliilly sector. Until then it had only 
sent detached units to reenf orce certain points south of the river . 

2. About the end of September it occupied the front from north of Fouquescourt to 
the Chaulnes railroad. Relieved betv/een October 15 and 20, and sent to rest between 
Nesle and Ham, it had to go back into line on October 24-25 to replace, in the sector 
south of Ablaincoui't-Chaulnes wood, the divisions which our attacks north of Chaulnes 
had exhausted. Its regiments lost heavily during this period. The 128th Infantry 
Regiment lost more than the others, especially on November 7, 10, and 11. 

3. On December 8 the 36th Division left the front north of Chaulnes and was sent 
north of Roye to the Fouqescourt sector. 

1917. 

St. Quentin. 

1 . On March 17, 1917, it was included in the retirement and withdrew to the Hinden- 
burg Line, where it established itself, on March 23, south of St. Quentin. 

Artois. 

2. After a month's rest (Apr. 9-May 9) behind the front, the 36th Division went 
into line southeast of Arras in the Guemmape sector. It had only a few local engage- 
ments there and did not suffer any great losses. 



420 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

3. It then spent a part of June at rest in the Douai area and took up its position on 
July 4 in the sector of Oppy-Gavrelle (Artois). It did not take part in any serious 
engagements there. 

Ypres. 

4. Relieved at the end of August, it entrained at Douai on the 28th for Courtrai and 
Isegsem. Sent on September 10-11 into the sector of Poelcapelle, i't had to be replaced 
there on the 23d because of the heavy losses which it received from the British attack. 

5. The division left Flanders on September 27 to occupy a calm sector west of St. 
Quentin, where it still was at the beginning of February, 1918. 

KECRUITING. 

The 36th Division is recruited from the same region as the 35th Division. 

VALUE— 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 36th Division was an excellent combat division. 

In the battles of the Somme and of Arras the 36th Division gave a good account of 
itself. 

On the Ypres front the combat spirit of the division was less energetic than in the 
preceding battles. The British Artillery, however, had reduced its effectives by 
one-half. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division was relieved in the sector north of St. Quentin about February 1 
and entered the sector south of St. Quentin within a few days. It was in line when 
the Somme offensive came off and advanced in the front line by Essigny le Grand, 
Clastres, Brouchy, Guiscard, Campagne, Candor. From the 23d to the 25th it was 
in second line. On the 25th it was reengaged in the Lassigny area. The division 
was relieved on April 8. 

2. The division rested in close support southeast of Roye until April 20. A draft 
of 300 men was received about this time. 

3. On April 20 the division was engaged southeast of Montdidier (Rollet) until 
April 28. It was in reserve from the 28th to the beginning of May in the \icinity 
of Roye. A draft of 1,000 men was received on April 29. On May 9 the division 
was moved to Wasigny, where it rested until the 22d. It marched toward the Aisne 
front by night from May 22 to 27 via Rozoy sur Sene, Montcornet, Liesse, Montaigv. 
Battle of the Aisne. 

4. The division had in line on the 27th only one battalion of the 128th Regiment 
(near Winterberg). The rest of the division followed the advance in reserve, passing 
through Villers en Prayeres, Fismes, Villers sur Fere. It was engaged from May 29 
to the middle of June at Courmont, Fresnes (29th), Jaulgonne (31st), east of Chateau 
Thierry. The division withdrew from the sector east of Chateau Thierry about 
June 30. 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

5. It rested in the salient (near Fere en Tardenois) until July 14, undergoing recon- 
stitution. On that date it marched to the front and was engaged the next day. 
It crossed the Marne and penetrated south of Charteves, but was stopped and thrown 
back on Mezy and Fossoy. From July 20 to 22 it was in second line. Reengaged 
south of the Ourcq on 22d, the division fought at Rocourt and Villeneuve sur Fere 
until July 27. 

Battle of the Somme. 

6. The division rested near Laon in early August. It was brought up to resist the 
British attack north of Bapaume on August 24. It was still under strength and was 
unable to check the advance. It was forced to fall back on Vaulx Vraucourt, Ecoust 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 421 

St. Mein (27th-30th), Pronville, and Inchy (Sept. 2-3). The losses in prisoners 
amounted to 800 in this fighting. 

7. On the 16th of September the division was again in line south of La Bassee. 
Beginning October 1 it retreated on Bauvin, Pont a Vendin, Provin (IGth), Attiches 
(18th), and toward the south of Tournai. It was last identified at Bany on Novem- 
ber 10. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was heavily engaged in 1918 as a 
follow-up division in the attacks and to hold important defensive sectors. 



422 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 
(17th Corps District — Western Prussia and the eastern part of Pomerania.) 

1914. 
East Prussia. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 36th Reserve Division constituting, with the 
1st Reserve Division, the 1st Reserve Corps, was engaged in East Prussia in the 
vicinity of Gumbinnen-Angerburg. 

BZURA. 

2. Assigned to the 9th German Army (Mackensen), it fought on November 6 on 
the left bank of the Vistula and on the Bzura at the beginning of December. 

1915. 

1. At the beginning of 1915 the 36th Reserve Division took part in the engagements 
on the line Bzura-Rawka-Bolimov (Jan. 4 and Feb. 5). 

Prasnysz. 

2. On February 13 the division entrained, with the entire 1st Reserve Corps, to 
reenforce the right wing of the Germany Army, which was pushing back the Rus- 
sians from East Prussia. Detraining at Ostrolenka, it attacked in the vicinity of 
Mlawa, then near Prasnysz (April), where the Russian counterattacks caused it to 
suffer heavy losses. 

COURLAND. 

3. In May, it took part in the Hindenburg offensive in Courland. First occupying 
the sector of Jurburg, north of Niemen, it reached Ponieviej in July and from there 
pushed on to the vicinity of Dvinsk. The division suffered heavily during this 
period. On October 15, the 61st Reserve Infantry Regiment had an average of only 
80 men per company (letter). 

Friedrichstadt. 

4. In December, the 36th Reserve Division occupied the sector of Friedrichstadt, 
southeast of Riga. 

1916. 

1. The division remained in its Courland sector (Friedrichstadt) until September 
24, 1916. 

G ALICIA. 

2. At the end of September and the beginning of October, it entrained at Libau 
and was transferred to Galicia. The 54th Infantry Regiment was engaged on October 
3 east of Brzezany to oppose the advance of the Russians. The rest of the division 
rejoined the rest of the 54th Infantry Regiment on October 19, and remained in 
this area. 

1917. 

1. About the end of May, 1917, the 36th ^Reserve Division was relieved from the 
sector south of Brzezany and entrained near Rohatyn (Galicia) for the Western 
Front. Itinerary: Lemberg-Cracow-Oppel'n-Munich-Karlsruhe. 

Lorraine. 

2. Detraining in Lorraine on the 1st of June, the division received training until 
June 24. At this date, it took over a cahn sector in Haye for a fortnight. 

Artois. 

3. Sent to the vicinity of Lens in July, the 36th Reserve Division occupied the 
sector of Mericourt until the beginning of October. 

Flanders. 

4. About October 20, it went into line east of Ypres (north of Becelaere). 



424 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The 36tli Reserve Division is recruited from West Prussia and the eastern part of 
Pomerania. It contained a large number of Alsace-Lorrainers during its stay on 
the Western Front. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In Russia the 36th Reserve Division took part in several major operations. 
It did not come to the Western Front until June, 1917. 

1918. 
Battle of the Lys. 

1. The division was relieved in the Foret de Holthust on April 4 by the 1st Landwehr 
Division, and marched via Amersveld to Cortemarch, where it entrained and arrived 
at Courtrai on April 5. It left Courtrai on the 8th and marched toward Armentieres. 
On the 10th the division followed up the German advance in support of an assault 
division, and on the 11th came into action north of Armentieres. Losses were severe 
and the division retired about April 13 to rest. It returned in the Ploegsteert area 
on April 17 and went to rest in the Roulers area. On May 11, the division came 
back to line for the third time north of Hinges. 

2. It was withdrawn about May 25, rested behind the front until June 11, when 
it relieved the 235th Division northwest of Bethune, which sector it held until about 
June 22. 

Lens. 

3. On June 26 the division entered line in Artois area, southeast of Loos. It held 
this quiet sector until October 2. 

Belgium. 

4. On the night of October 4-5 the division relieved the 16th Bavarian Division 
southwest of Roulers. From then until about November 4, the division fought 
first in the Roulers area, and after October 15, at Thielt (17th), Deynze (26th), Ecke 
(Nov. 2). It was withdrawn from line about November 4 and did not reenter. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. It was heavily engaged on the Lys in the 
spring without achieving much success. Thereafter the division was employed on 
the defensive. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 425 



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426 DIVISIONS OF GERMAE" AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(20tli Corps District— East Prussia.) 

1914. 

Upon raobilization, the 37th Division, with the 41st Division, formed the 20th 
Army Corps (Allenstein). 

E,ussi-\ . 

1. At the beginning of the war the 37th Division was engaged on the Eastern Front. 
It took part in the battle of Tannenberg at the end of August, in the attempt against 
Warsaw in October, and in the battles on the Rawka during the winter of 1914 and 
1915. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. In April, 1915, the 37th Division was on the Narew. In May it ceded the 146th 
Infantry Regiment to the 101st Division, a new formation. The battles lasted until 
the end of July on the Narew, which was crossed on the 31st. The division was at 
Bielostok at the end of August, and entered Grodno on September 2. 

2. In the course of September, it advanced from Niemen to the Berezina, and in 
October it occupied a sector in the vicinity of Dvinsk (Lake Sventen) on the stabi- 
lized front. It remained there until its departure for the Western Front in December, 
1916. 

1916. 

1. One of its regiments, the 150th Infantry Regiment, was temporarily detached 
at the time of the Russian offensive of 1916 on the Stokhod and then made a part of 
the 91st Division. 

France. 

2. After taking part in the terrible battles on the Stokhod, in the course of which 
it suffered enormous losses, the 150th Infantry Regiment was transferred to Galicia 
at the end of September, 1916, and then returned to the 37th Division. The division 
was sent to the Western Front on December 10, 1916. Itinerary: Cracow-Breslau- 
Dresdeu-Leipzig-Nuremburg-Karlsruhe-Rastatt-Strassburg-Colmar-Neu Breisach. 

1917. 
Upper Alsace. 

1. Regrouped with its three regiments in Upper Alsace (vicinity of Ferrette) at 
the end of 1916, the 37th Division spent some time at rest and, in the middle of 
January, 1917, went into line in the sector which extends from Niederlarg to the Swiss 
frontier. 

The division occupied this sector until the month of May. 

2. About May 1 it was relieved, entrained south of Mulhouse and sent to Charleville 
by way of Strassburg, Sarrebruecken, and Sedan, from which place it went to the 
vicinity of Gizy (6 kilometers from Sissonne). 

AlSNE. 

3. After a week's rest, it went into line on the Aisne at the Chemins des Dames, 
in the sector of Courtecon, which it occupied until the end of July. 

4. During these two months (May 25 to the end of July), the 37th Division did not 
play an important role. However, units of the division carried out several local 
operations in the course of this period. On July 14, units from the three regiments 
aided by the assault troops of the 5th Assault Battalion, succeeded, at the expense 
of very heavy losses, in reducing a salient near the Cemy sugar refinery. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 42 Y 

St. Gobain. 

5. On July 31 the 37th Division was relieved, and about August 3 Vv'ent into line in 
the St. Gobain sector (in front of Ooucy le Chateau) which it occupied until the end 
of November. On October 23 it suffered losses (Mont des Einges) from our bom- 
bardments. On the 24th the division Avithdrew its units across the canal and occupied 
the sector included between the Brancourt-Quincy road and Anizy. 

RECRUITINO. 

The 37th Division is recruited from East and West Piussia. During its stay on the 
Eastern Front it contained a large number of Alsace-Lorrainers. Because of its 
circumscribed territorial extent, the 37th Division contains an admixture of elements 
coming from other districts (5th and 6th Corps Districts among othei's). Nevertheless, 
and in spite of their official designations (from Moravia, from Ermeland), its regiments 
are called 'East Prussian" in the German communique of July 15, 1917. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

On July 14 and 15, 1917, the 37th Division attacked with great energy. At that 
time, it seemed to be of good quality and of high morale. However, according to 
statements of prisoners of the 151st Infantry Regiment made in September, October, 
and November, the morale appears to have weakened (Jan. 18, 1918). 
Laon. 

1. During January and early February the 37th Division and the 14th Preserve 
Division relieved each other in the St. Gobain sector (north of Soissons). It seems 
probable (though the fact has never, been proved) that during one of its periods out 
of line, the 37th Division was given a course of training in open warfare. On February 
20, the 37th relieved the 14th Reserve in the same sector, and it was in turn relieved 
by the 14th Reserve about the 9th of March. 

PiCARDY. 

2. On March 21 the division reinforced the front near Benay (south of St. Quentin) . 
attacking with such dash that it received special mention by Prof. Wegener in the 
Koelnische Zeitung. It was withdrawn on the 30th. 

3. The division rested for a few days between Champs and Folembray (north of 
Soissons), and then entered line north of Thiescourt (west of Noyon) on the 9th of 
April. It was withdrawn about the 20th, and went to rest and refit in the area 
southeast of Avesnes. 

AlSNE. 

4. On May 27, the first day of the battle of the Aisne, the division attacked near 
Presles (south of Laon), and advanced via Braine (the 28th) as far as the Troesnes- 
Longpont sector (east of Villers Cotterets). It was relieved by the 115th Division on 
the 4th of June, and went to the area northeast of Braine to rest and to be thoroughly 
trained. 

Marne. 

5. It set out the evening of the 12th of July, and in two night marches, reached its 
point of assembly in the woods north of Verneuil (northeast of Dormans). It was 
planned that the 37th with three other divisions, forming the v. Conta Group, should 
"leap-frog" the divisions in line, and to sweep up the valley of the Marne, beginning 
with the line Vincelles-Antheney and ending at a line passing north of Avenay and 
north of Moslias. It was thought that this movement, combined with the push of the 
units to the east of Rheims, would result in the fall of that city and also of the Mon- 
tague de Rheims to the south. The division attacked on the 15th, crossed the Marne, 
reached the Rois du Chataignier (south of Mareuil-east of Dormans) ; and was stopped 



428 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

there. It delivered its last counterattack on the IQth, and the order having been 
given, crossed the Marne, and continued its retreat toward the north. It was iden- 
tified by prisoners for the last time on the 28th in the vicinity of Champvoisy (north 
of Dormans). It then went to the Charleville area to rest and refit; the 10th Land- 
wehr Division having been disbanded, the 372d Regiment was drafted to the regiments 
of the 37fch Division. 
Verdun. 

6. During the night of the 12th-13th of August, it relieved the 231st Division to 
tJae north of Avocourt (north of Verdun) . It was relieved by the 117th Division about 
the 20th of September, and moved to the vicinity of Billy (south of Longuyon,) where 
it rested for about a week. 

Argonne. 

7. On September 26, it reinforced the 117th Division near Montfaucon, where they 
counterattacked the same day. It was heavily engaged until withdrawn October 1. 

8. It moved some kilometres to the west, in the vicinity of Exermont, in anticipa- 
tion of the American attack of October 4, and came into line in that region on the 5th. 
It was engaged in a number of minor actions, that proved qmte costly; its losses in 
prisoners alone was 962. It was withdrawn on the 18th, and went to rest near Verpel 
(northeast of Grandpre). 

9. On November 9, the division came back into line near Abaucourt (northeast of 
Verdun); it had not been withdrawn on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 37th has always been considered a first-class shock division. It did very well 
in the offensives in which it took part (Somme, Aisne, Marne), and one of its regiments, 
the 147th, "The Marshal von Hindenburg Regiment" was particularly mentioned in 
the German Communique for its work on October 10. It suffered such heavy losses 
throughout the year that, despite numerous large drafts of replacements, the regiments 
were reduced to four companies of 80 men each at the end of the war. 



DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 429 



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430 Divisioisrs or gekman army which participated in wah. 

HISTORY. 

(11th Corps District — Thuringian States.) 

1914. 
JJelgium. 

1. At the outbreak of the war the 38th Division, forming the 11th Army Corps with 
the 22(1 Division, belonged to the 3cl Army (Von Hansen), which went through the 
Belgian Ardennes. It halted in front of Namur until the surrender of this place. 

East Prussia-Poland. 

2. In consequence of the invasion of East Prussia, the 38th Division as well as the 
22d Division, left Belgium about August 27. Going by way of Aix la Chapelle, it 
detrained in East Prussia, where it fought from September 9 to 11. From that place 
it was taken to the southern part of Poland (Pinczow, Sept. 28; Opatow, Oct. 4). 
The enveloping movement of the Russians obliged it to retire from the Lodz front with 
the army group to which it was attached. It was assigned to the 9th Army (Mackensen) 
in November and to the 10th Army in December. 

3. During the winter of 1914 and 1915 it took part in several important engagements 
on the Bzura and the Rawka, as well as on the Pilica. 

. 1915. 
Poland. 

1. Returning to the 9th Army (Von Fabeck), at the beginning of 1915, the 38th 
Division fought in the vicinity of Rava, on March 6 and 7. It was then separated 
from the 22d Division and rejoined the army detachment of Von Gallitz, north of 
Warsaw. In May it transferred the 71st Infantry Regiment to the 103d Division, a 
new formation. 

2. During the summer offensive it took part in numerous battles from July 13 to 
September 19, advanced to the southeast of Bielostok, reached the Svislotch on Sep- 
tember 1 and marched beyond this until September 19. 

France. 

3. At the end of September the 38th Division was concentrated in the vicinity of 
Grodno and entrained for France on September 25. (Itinerary: Lyck-Graudenz- 
Berlin-Hanover-Minden-Cologne-Aix la Chapelle-Liege-Namur-Douai.) Detraining 
on October 1, it completed its reorganization. Between August 30 and October 8 
the 5th Company of the 94th Infantry Regiment had received not less than 161 men 
as replacements. 

OlSE. 

4. Sent to the south of the Oise, the 38th Division went into line in the sector of 
Tracy le Val., which it held until the beginning of May, 1916, without any serious 
engagements. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. On May 11, 1916, the division entrained at Tergnier and was transferred to the 
Verdun front. 

2. On May 13 it took over the sector of Hill 304, which it did not leave until October 
10, seriously weakened by the battles Vv'hich it had sustained for five months (losses, 
52 per cent of the infantry) . 

SOMME. 

3. Sent to the Somme on October 12, it went into action on October 12; it went 
into action on October 22 at Thiepval-Grandcourt, and remained there only three 
weeks, because of the severe losses which it suffered. 



DIVISIOISrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 431 

Flanders. 

4. It left the front on November 13 to go to rest and to be reorganized on the coast 
of Flanders, between Ostend and the Dutch frontier. 

5. On December 19 it was brought back to the Somme. 

1917. 
Somme. 

1. In January, 1917, elements of the division were sent as reenforcements north of 
Courcelette and southwest of Serre. 

2. On January 17 the entire 38th Division went into line in the vicinity of Puisieux- 
H(5buteme, where it was relieved about March 8 without any serious losses. 

3. On March 17 the division replaced the 4th Guard Division near Beugny Bertin- 
court, which had lost heavily at the beginning of its retirement to the Hindenburg 
Line, and the 38th Division itself continued to withdraw by way of Beaumetz and 
Doignies. It took up its position between Demicourt and Boursies, west of Cambrai, 
and remained there until the end of April. 

Artois. 

4. After a period of rest in the Cambrai-Douai area dm-ing the first half of May, 
the 38th Division took over the sector east of Arras (north of the Scarpe), on May 16. 
It left this front on May 31, after having been greatly weakened on the 16th, during 
the counterattacks on the village of Rouex (800 men were sent to make up these 
losses from the dissolved 624th Infantry Regiment). 

Flanders. 

5. The division remained at rest at Douai, until June 8; at this time, it was trans- 
ferred to the vicinity of Gheluwe and sent into reserve to reenforce finally the Messines 
front. 

6. On July 27, before the British attack, the 38th Division went into line east of 
Ypres (Hooge). It suffered heavy losses on July 31, the day of the attack, and also 
the three days preceding. 

7. Relieved on August 1, it was sent to Antwerp for rest and reorganization (August). 
Artois. 

8. On Septembei' 2, it took over the sector of Monchy le Preux, south of the Scarpe, 
where it again lost heavily from artillery fire. 

Flanders. 

9. Withdrawn from the front on November 2, the 38th Division after a week's rest 
in the vicinity of Douai, again took over the lines north of Ypres (Staden) from Novem- 
ber 19 to November 25, then north of Passchendaele where on December 3, a British 
attack inflicted heavy losses upon it. 

10. The division was relieved on November 19 and sent to rest in the vicinity of 
Bruges. 

recruiting. 

The 38th Division is recruited from the small Thuringian States. At the beginning 
of 1917, it included a rather large number of men from Baden, almost all of whom have 
been withdrawn. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 38th Division is a good division. 

As a rule it gave a good account of itself in the numerous battles in which it took 
part. On June 13, 1916, however, at the Mort Homme, the 94th Infantry Regiment 
is said to have refused to go over the top (letter). 

The heavy losses which it suffered at the end of 1917 in the course of the attack 
upon Ypres, were made up by the replacements composed, for the most part, of the 
1918 class. 

This element did not have a good effect upon the morale of the division. 



432 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlSr AHMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

1918. 
Battle of the Lys. 

1. The division remained in Passcliendaele area until its relief by the 58th Division 
about April 5. It rested in the Lille area until the night of April 15-16 when it entered 
the line at Meteren to reenforce the battle line. It was withdrawn about May 8. 

2. The division rested at Provin after May 12. It entered line north of Givenchy 
on May 21 and held that sector until July 5, when it was relieved by the 1st Guard 
Reserve Division. It rested at Lille until August 6, when it was alerted and railed 
to Cambrai, remaining there until August 9. The division moved from Cambrai by 
motor trucks on August 10 and came into line on the battle front near Lihons on the 
same day. 

SOMME. 

3. Until September 22, the division was engaged in resisting the allied advance. 
It held a sector south of Chaulnes until August 20, when it retired to the St. Christ 
area (22d). After the 8th of September the division was falling back in a northeasterly 
direction by Peronne toward Le Catelet. It was withdrawn from line near Hargicourt 
on September 22. 

Cambrai. 

4. After a rest of only one week, the division was brought back to reenforce the 
Cambrai battle front at Rumilly (Oct. 1). It was heavily engaged until October 16 
when it went to reserve in the Cambrai area. Since August 11 the division had lost 
more than 2,000 prisoners. 

Belgium. 

5. On October 29, the division returned to line northeast of Roubaix. It remained 
in line until the armistice. The last identification was at Renaix on November 8. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. Its worth as a defensive division was proved 
by the extent to which it was used in the last three months of the war. 



DIVISIONS OE GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 433 



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434 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(38tli Landwehr Division: 10th Corps District — ^Hanover.) 

1914. 

The grouping of the 38th Landwehr Brigade (77th and 78th Landwehr Regiments) 
and of a mixed regiment, 79th Reserve Infantry Regiment, formed the 38th Landwehr 
Division in April, 1917. 

1. The 38th Landwehr Brigade remained independent until it was assigned to the 
38th Landwehr Division. 

Flanders. 

2. Arriving at Li^ge on October 21, 1914, the 38th Brigade remained there about 
two months. Transferred to Flanders on October 27, it held the sector north of the 
Passchendaele Canal (Nieuport) until the beginning of November. 

3. After occupying the front of Ypres near Becelaere, the brigade came into line 
before Passchendaele at the end of December. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. In April, 1915, the 38th Landwehr Brigade took part in the second battle of 
Ypres near Zonnebeke. 

2. On May 18 it was transferred from Roulers to La Bassee (Festubert) to reenforce 
the 7th Army Corps. 

3. After a rest at Lille it went into line south of the Lys (Frelinghien-Houplines) 
at the end of August. 

1916. 
Artois. 

1. Relieved from the north of Armentieres in March, 1916, the 38th Landwehr 
Brigade was sent south of Arras (sector Wailly-Blaireville) . 

Flanders. 

2. In the middle of September it returned to the Armentieres front (from the 
Armentiferes-Lille railroad to Aubers). It occupied this sector for a year and a half. 

1917. 

1. In 1917 sector south of Armentieres. 

In April, 1917, the 38th Landwehr Brigade was transformed into the 38th Landwehr 
Division by the addition of a third regiment, the 79th Reserve-85th Landwehr, a 
composite regiment (1st and 2d Battalions of the 85th Landwehr Regiment, four 
companies of the 79th Reserve Regiment, the eight others having entered into the 
composition of the 440th Reserve Regiment of the 183d Division). 

VALUE 1917 estimate. 

The 38th Landwehr Division, formed of fairly old men, constitutes an organization 
of the third class. It held an honorable position in the battles of Ypres in 1914 and 
1915, but, as a rule, its role was limited to occupying calm sectors. (Belgian Sum- 
mary of Information, February, 1918. 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1. The 38th Landwehr Division was relieved on January 16 in the sector south of 
Armentieres by the 187th Division and went to rest in the region east of Bruges. 

2. After a week's rest it relieved the 8th Bavarian Reserve Division north of 
Dixmude on January 22. It was relieved by the 214th Division on February 20. 



DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 435 

3. On March 3 it relieved the 2d. Naval Division east of Ramscappelle (north of 
Bruges) in the sector just north of the one it previously occupied. 

4. About the 10th of May the division side slipped toward the south, and in so doing 
relieved the 19th Reserve Division. 

5. About the middle of October it side slipped southward. It was still in line on 
the 11th of November, although it was forced with the rest of the German line in 
Flanders, to withdraw considerably. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 38th Landwehr is rated as a fourth-class division. It could be and was used 
only to hold a quiet sector. Most of the men were nearly 40 years of age, and so it 
was found necessary to have a divisional " Stosstrupp " for purposes of patroling. 

On November 1 the Franco-American forces in Belgium started an offensive in 
conjunction with the British 2d Army farther to the south. On the same day, accord- 
ing to the Belgium communique, "The Belgian Army carried out successful minor 
operations along the drainage canal," and the German communique said, "The 57th 
(13th Reserve Division) and the 79th Reserve (38th Landwehr DiAdsion) Infantry 
Regiments distinguished themselves in the course of this fighting." 



436 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 437 

HISTORY. 

(15th Corps District — Alsace.) 

1914. 
Alsace and the Vosges. 

1. Upon mobilization, the 39th Di-vision and the 30th Division formed the 5th 
Army Corps (Strassburg). 

At the beginning of the campaign the 39th Division was a part of "the 7th Army 
(Von Herringen). In the first days of August it fought in the pass of the Bonhomme. 
On the 9th it went into Cernay and Mulhouse and was transferred to Dabo (Vosges) 
on October 19. On August 20 it took part in the battle of Albreschwiller and crossed 
the frontier on the 31st. It advanced to a point between the Meurthe and the Mor- 
tagne and then retreated fighting. 

Champagne. 

2. Entraining on September 9, it was transferred to the northwest of Rheims, where 
it fought between Craonne and Ailles until October. 

Flanders. 

3. At the end of October it became a part of the 6th Army (Crown Prince of Bavaria), 
of which the 15th Army Corps formed the right wing (north of Lille) until the sum- 
mer of 1915. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. Before our attacks of 1915 it was attached to the 4th Army (Duke of Wurttemberg), 
south of Ypres. At this time the 15th Army Corps became the left wing of the 4th 
Army. In April the 39th Division gave the 171st Infantry Regiment to the 115th 
Division, a new formation. 

2. The 39th Division was retained in the vicinity of Ypres until the month of 
February, 1916. One of its regiments, the 172d Infantry Regiment, suffered heavy 
losses there on September 25 (its 8th Company received at least 111 men as replace- 
ments between September 28 and October 16). 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1. At the beginning of 1916 various elements of the 15th Army Corps were trans- 
ferred to the vicinity of Verdun and concentrated on the right bank of the Meuse, 
in the area Piennes-Etain-Ornel-Senon. 

2. At the beginning of the German offensive on February 24, the 39th Division 
suffered relatively few losses, the battle being less intense in the Woevre. But 
little by little all its units were engaged. On March 8, the 132d Infantry Regiment 
took part in the attacks upon Douaumont, and on the 18th upon the Caillette wood. 
Its. losses were enormous. On July 11 the 126th Infantry Regiment was in action 
with two regiments of the 30th Division. Almost all its battalions went successively 
to the active sectors in the vicinity of Vaux (Aug. 18). At Verdun the division lost 
69 per cent of its infantry. 

SOMME. 

3. On October 20 the 39th Division was relieved from the Verdun front and trans- 
ferred to the Somme. On the 29th it occupied the sector of Sailly Saillisel. In the 
attack of Sailly Saillisel by the French troops the three regiments of the division 
were all put into line simultaneously and acted especially with thq. assault troops. 
In these battles the losses of the division were very great (an average of 80 men per 
company). In the 126th Infantry Regiment, the 4th Company received at least 
82 men as replacements between November 16 and 23; the 3d Company, 106 men. 



438 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Verdun. 

4. WitMrawn from the Somme/ about November 11, the 39th Division was again 
sent to Verdun. Between December 8 and December 12 it went into the sector 
between the Louvemont road and the Chaufour wood* and there sustained our attack 
of December 15. It was relieved on the 20th, very much exhausted, and went for 
reorganization near Vouziers. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1. About January 10, 1917, the division went into line in the sector of Ville sur 
Tourbe (Argonne), It was withdrawn at the beginning of March. In the course of 
this month, it was engaged in Champagne, in the attack of March 27 at Cernay en 
Dormois. It remained in the sector of Massiges until the beginning of May. 
Champagne. 

2. It then went to the vicinity of Rheims (Loivre-BeiTy au Bac sector) from May 11 
to the beginning of July. 

Artois. 

3. Sent to rest near Asfeld, it then went into line west of Fontaine les Croisilles 
(middle of July). Withdrawn from the Arras front, it occupied the Loos sector in 
September. ~ 

Flanders. 

4. At the end of October, it went to Flanders, Passchendaele sector, then Becelaere 
sector. 

Artois. 

5. At the end of November, it was again in Artois, north of La Bassee Canal, a posi- 
tion which it was still occupying February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 171st and 172d Infantry Regiments are recruited in the Rhine District, in the 
widest sense of the word (Grand Duchy of Baden, Rhenish Hesse, Rhine Province), 
and from Westphalia. 

The 126th Infantry Regiment, in Alsace since 1871, represents the participation 
of Wurttemberg in the guard of the Reichsland. Besides its maintenance by the 
younger recruiting classes, at the end of 1916 it took some of the best elements from 
the 123d, 125th, and 126th Landwehr Regiments (young Landsturm classes, then 
having at least 20 to 22 months of service). 

value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In spite of its relatively high losses, the 39th Division did well on the Somme 
(October to November, 1916). During its second engagement at Verdun, the Division 
was much less brilliant. Its resistance was weak (December, 1916). 

1918. 
La Bassee. 

1. Duriag the night of February 25-26 the 39th Division was relieved by the 44th 
Reserve Division and went to rest near Sequedin (west of Lille), where it is presumed 
to have been trained in open warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2. About the middle of March, when the Germans were concentrating their reserves 
on the Cambrai-St. Quentin front, the 39th Division left the Lille area for the Cambrai 
front. On the 21st of March, when the initial attack was delivered, the 39th Division 
was in reserve to the 20th Division and only came into action on the evening of that 
day, at Beaumetz (west of Cambrai). Encountering fighting of the severest kind, the 
division had to be withdrawn to reserve by the evening of the 23d. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 439 

3. The division reappeared in line on the 28th and continued to make slow progress 
until it reached the area south of Hebuterne (west of Bapaume). It was relieved on 
the 6th of April by the 26th Division and went to rest in the Cambrai area. 

Lys. 

4. It left this area about the 12th and marched by stages to the Lys battle front, 
arriving on the 17th in the Estaires area (west of Lille). The German attacks in this 
area had been successfully held up by the British by this time and the division was 
not immediately required. On the 30th it came into line northwest of Merville (west 
of Lille) and relieved the 12th Reserve Division. The division was not heavily 
engaged in this sector; it was relieved by the 44th Reserve Division on May 26 and 
went to rest in the vicinity of Lille. 

5. On the 3d of July it relieved the 48th Reserve Division in the Vieux Berquin 
sector (east of Hazebrouck), and was relieved by the 187th Division during the night 
of July 13-14. It went to the Haubourddin area (southwest of Lille) and there 
received training as an assault division. 

Arras. 

6. During the night of August 2-3 it relieved the 185th Division south of NeuvUle- 
Vitasse (south of Arras). In the heavy fighting that followed the division lost over 
1,300 prisoners and was driven back as far as Cherisy, where it was withdrawn on the 
30th and went to rest near Aniches (east of Douai). 

Cambrai. 

7. On September 18 the division reenforced the front near Ecourt-St. Quentin 
(northwest of Cambrai). It was driven back as far as Palliiel, where it was relieved 
by the 58th Division on the 28th. 

Ypres. 

9. The division entrained at Roulers and detrained at Menin, entering line east of 
Gheluvelt (north of Menin) all on the same day. About the 25th of October it was 
withdrawn from line near Vichte (east of Courtrai) to which point it had been driven 
back. It rested then for about a week in the region of Audenarde. 

10. Diiring the night of October 31-November 1 the division relieved the 23d 
Reserve Division in the Nukerke sector (south of Audenarde) ; it was identified in line 
there on the 9th and was probably still there on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 39th ia rated as a second-class division. With the exception of a statement in 
the German communique of October 2, that the 132d Regiment had displayed ' ' unusual 
fighting ability" in the operations north of Menin, there is nothing to show that the 
division had distinguished itself in any way in the fighting during 1918. 



440 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





























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Divisioisrs or German army which participated ik war. 441 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 

, 1915. 

Alsace. 

1. The 39t]i Bavarian Reserve Division Was formed in February, 1915, on the 
Alsace front in the vicinity of Ste. Marie aux Mines. (See 30th Bavarian Reserve 
Division.) 

It then comprised the 52d Landwehr Brigade, consisting of the 80th Landwehr 
Regiment and 29th Ersatz Regiment (since become the 61st), and the 1st Bavarian 
Ersatz Brigade (81st Landwehr Reginaent, 3d and 1st Bavarian Ersatz Regiments). 
After October, 1915, we find them officially designated "Bavarian." 

2. During 1915 and until the beginning of November, 1916, the 39th Bavarian 
Reserve Division occupied the sector included between the Ban de Sapt and Ste. 
Marie aux Mines. The elements of the division took part in several local attacks in 
this region (south of Lusse in February. 1915; at La Fontenelle in June and July, 1915). 

Alsace. 

1. 1916 same sector of Alsace (Ban de Sapt and Ste. Marie aux Mines). 

2. In March, 1916, the composition of the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division Was 
modified — the 81st Landwehr Regiment was replaced by the 15th Bavarian Landwehr 
Regiment, coming from the 1st Bavarian I>andwehr Division. In July the division 
comprised the 1st Bavarian Ersatz Brigade (1st and 3d Bavarian Ersatz Regiments) 
and the 9th Bavarian Ersatz Brigade (the 15th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment and 
the 5th Bavarian Ersatz Regiment, the latter having been formed in July). ■ 

3. In October the 3d Bavarian Ersatz Regiment was assigned to the 9th Bavarian 
Reserve Division and the 29th Ersatz Regiment to the 223d Division, both being 
new formations. From that time on the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division was entirely- 
Bavarian. 

In November the 15th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment went over to the 30th Bava- 
rian Reserve Division, which sent the 2d Bavarian Ersatz Regiment in its place to 
the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division. 

Verdun. 

4. Relieved from its sector in the Vosges about November 6, 1916, the 39th Bavarian 
Reserve Division was sent to the Verdun front in the vicinity of Vaux. It underwent 
the French attack of December 15, diu-ing wliich certain of its units (5th Bavarian 
Ersatz Regiment) suffered heavily. It was withdrawn on December 17. 

Alsace. 

1. In the ruiddle of January, 1917, the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division was sent 
back to its foimer sector in the vicinity of Ste. Marie aux Mines (Wisembach, Lusse, 
Provencheres) which it occupied from then on without changing. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Except in December, 1916, at Verdun, the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division has 
always occupied the same sector of the Vosges. Its combat value a,ppears mediocre. 

The average age of the men in the 1st and 5th Bavarian Ersatz Regiments is between 
30 and 40 years (April to July, 1918). 

In February and March, 1918, all the younger elements (20 to 26 years) were with- 
drawn from the division and sent to active and reserve regiments. 

Alsace. 

1. The 39th Bavarian Reserve Division was still in its sector in Alsace, northwest 
of Ste. Marie aux Mines, on the 11th of November. 

value — 191S ESTIMATE. 

It is rated as a fourth-class di\T.sion. JJost of the men are old, the younger men 
ha\'ing been combed out in February and March to be sent to other organizations, 
and although the companies are large— the average ration strength seems to be 200 
men — the division has very little combat value. 



442 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF OERMAK ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 443 

HISTORY. 

(19tli Corps District — Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne 

1. The 40th Division (4th Saxon) formed, with the 24th Division (2d Saxon), the 
19th Army Corps, which, at the outbreak of the war, was a part of the 3d Army (Von 
Hansen). Detraining north of Treves August 10-12, the division entered the north of 
Luxemburg on the 13th, Belgium on the 18th. It crossed the Meuse on the 23d 
above Dinant, and, entered France by way of Fumay. If fought on August 30 at 
Chesnois, reached Semide on September 1, Somme Py on September 2, Chalons on 
September 4. On liaison with the right wing of the 4th Army, it took part in the 
battle of the Marne west of Vitry le Francois. After the battle it retired to Souain. 
Flanders. 

2. At the beginning of October the 19th Army Corps was transferred to Lille. It 
belonged to the 6th Army (Crown Prince of Bavaria). Attacked by the British 
troops, it was forced back upon the line between Ploegsteert wood and Grenier wood. 

At the end of October the 9th Company of the 107th Infantry Regiment (24th Divi- 
sion) had only 38 men left (letter). 

1915. 

1. In 1915 and until August 1916 the two divisions of the 19th Army Corps were 
retained in the zone of Ploegsteert and Grenier wood. 

2. Elements of the 40th Division were sent as reenforcements in the battles of 
Neuve Chapelle (March 1915), of Festubert (May to June 1915) and upon the occasion 
of the Franco-British offensives in Artois (La Bassee-Souchez, June to October 1915). 
In March 1915, the 40th Division was definitely reduced to three regiments, having 
given the 133d Infantry Regiment to the 24th Division. 

1916. 

SoMME. _. 

1. On August 8, 1916, the 40th Division took part in the battle of the Somme in 
the region north of Poziferes. It was in violent battles and was withdrawn, very much 
exhausted. 

Artois. 

2. At the end of August, it went from the Somme front to the sector of Neuve Chapelle- 
La Bassee Canal, where it remained for six weeks. 

Somme. 

3. About the middle of October, it returned to the Somme (sector north of Le 
Sars-Butte de Warlencourt) for a second period of three weeks during which its 
losses were again very heavy (the total losses of the 40th Division in August and 
October on the Somme were 6,127 men). 

On October 30, the 7th Company of the 104th Infantry Regiment received at least 
75 men as replacements (1917 class) who had had only three months of service. 

4. Relieved from the Somme, the Division went into the sector of St. Eloi-Messines 
about November 11. 

1917. 

1. The division left the Messines front about March 26, before the beginning of 
the British offensive at Arras, and remained at rest in the area of Renaix. 
Flanders. 

2. It returned to line on April 23 in the same sector, and was subjected to the 
artillery preparation for the battle of Messines, which caused it extremely heavy 
losses. The 104th Infantry Regiment lost 224 men as prisoners. 



444 DiviSioisrs of GEHMAisr abmy which participated in war. 

On June 7, the first day -of the attack, it was withdrawn from the front and sent to 
rest in the vicinity of Bruges and Thielt until July 19. 

3. On July 22 it went into line north of Ypresin the sector of Steenstraat-Het-Sas. 
It suffered the bombardment in the attack of July 31. 

St. Quentin. 

4. After a rest, in the course of which it was reorganized, it spent several weeks 
in the sector of Itancourt, in the vicinity of St. Quentin. During the months of 
August and September it received 2,300 men as replacements. A large number 
came from the Russian front (244th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 350th Landwehr 
Regiment, the 19th Landsturm Battalion from the garrison of Rosen ; besides these, 
Saxons were withdrawn. from the 428th Infantry Regiment and the 8th Landsturm). 

Flanders. 

5. On October 12 the 40th Division was transferred to Flanders for a second time. 
From October 17 to 27 it occupied the sector of Langewaade-Zevecoten, northeast of 
Bixschoote, and there underwent the attack of October 27, which again caused it 
heavy losses. 

Russia. 

6. The division was then sent to Russia, where it arrived at the end of November. 
It was there assigned to the 10th Army and took up its position south of Smorgoni, 
where it still was at the beginning of January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 40th Division is purely Saxon. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The attitude of the division has generally been passive (especially during the 
attack of July 31, 1917, north of Ypres). 

In the 104th Infantry Regiment (July 22-28) the men scattered under fire, some- 
times with their noncommissioned officers, and fled to a distance of 8 kilometers 
behind the front. 

The same tiling happened for the period October 17-27. In the 134th Infantry 
Regiment, which was considered the best regiment of the division, one-half of the 
6th Company left the front line on October 24. 

Only the assault detachment offered any energetic resistance on October 27, 1917. 

1918. 
Russia. 

1. The 40tli Division was identified in the region of Lake Narotch-Niemen for the 
last time on the 15th of January. It then went into reserve in the ^ricinity of Vilna. 
France. 

2. The division was not identified between the 4th of February, when it was stated 
as being " on tbe Eastern front," and the 20th of March, when it was in Lorraine. It 
very probably came from the East about the end of February. 

Woevre. 

3. On April 15 it relieved the 4th Bavarian Division near Regnieville (west of 
Pont a Mousson) . During this time whenever units were out of line they were inten- 
sively trained. It was Avithdrawn on June 1, its place being taken by the 183d Division. 
Marne. 

4. The division entrained at Jaulny the following day and traveled via Rember- 
court-Waville-Onville-Chambley-Mars la Tour-Jarny-Conflans-Montmedy-Sedan- 
Mezieres-Rethel, detraining at Asfeld la Ville on the 3d. On the 16th it relieved 
the 2d Guard Division near Troesnes. This sector was a quiet one until the beginning 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 445 

of the Allied counteroffensive of July 18. The 40th Division was caught in this drive 
and was driven northward. On the 24th it was relieved by the Bavarian Ersatz 
Division and went to rest near Oisy le Verger (northwest of Cambrai). 
Arras. 

5. On the 22d of August the division entered line near Courcelles le Comte (south 
of Arras), counterattacking the same day. It was withdrawn on the 31st. 

Ypres. 

6. After a short rest near Roubaix, it relieved the 236th Division southeast of Ypres 
on September 10. After losing nearly 1,300 prisoners, the division was withdrawn 
from line near Wervicq, October 8, and went to the Courtrai area, where it rested six 
days. 

7. On the 15th it reenforced the front near Gulleghem (northeast of Menin). It 
was withdrawn from line in the Vichte sector (east of Courtrai), about the 26th. 

8. On November 8 the division returned to line near Avelghem (northeast of Rou- 
baix), and was still in line on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Until 1918 the 40th (Saxon) Division had been considered as being a second-class 
unit. It was soon noticed that practically all Saxon troops were not fighting as well 
as before, and this was particularly true of the 40th Division, for although its men 
were young and the number of effectives high, it was used in none of the German 
offensives. It must be considered a third-class division. 



446 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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448 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(20tli Corps District — Eastern portion of West Prussia.) 
1914. 

At ttie outbreak of tlie war the 41st Division and tlie 37th Division formed the 20th 
Army Corps. 
Russia. 

1. At the beginning of hostilities the 41st Division was engaged against Russia, first 
in East Prussia, then in Poland, beginning with October. It was at Lodz at the begin- 
ning of December, at Skiernewice on the 20th, and fought on the Rawka in January, 
1915. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. In February, 1915, transferred north of the A'istula, it operated until summer 
between Prasnysz and the valley of Bobr-Narew. From there it was taken to the north- 
ern frontier of East Prussia in July and advanced as far as Mitau, from there to Jakob- 
stadt. 

1916. 
Russii^. 

1. Until October, 1916, the division occupied the same sector on the Dvina, between 
Friedrichstadt and Jakobstadt. It underwent a Russian offensive in March, 1916, 
and took part in an attack on May 10. In these two actions it suffered serious losses. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. On October 21, the 41st Division, destined to take part in the Roumanian cam- 
paign, entrained southeast of Friedrichstadt, traveled by way of Mitau, Grodno, 
Warsaw, Oppeln, Budapest, Temesvar, and detrained on November 5 at Pay, south of 
Hatszeg. It went into action in the vicinity of Jiu and advanced almost without 
fighting. It entered Bucarest on December 6. On the 7th it again took up the pur- 
suit of the Roumanians. On reaching the Sereth the 41st Division encountered the 
Russians. It remained in line until February 8, 1917. The losses of the division, 
slight in the battles with the Roumanians, were greater in the Russian attacks. 

1917. 
France. 

1. Between February 8 and February 15 the 41st Division entrained at Zilibia 
for the Western Front. (Itinerary: Bucarest -Salzberg- Munich -Ulm- Augsburg- 
Thionville.) It detrained in Lorraine (Arsweiler, Ruxweiler, Audun le Roman) on 
Februaiy 20. 

2. After a month of rest and training in Lorraine, during which it was reorganized 
(the 148th Infantry Regiment received 600 men as replacements), the division went 
into line, at the beginning of May, at Bois le Pretre. 

3. Between May 6 and May 9 it was transferred by way of Sedan to Rethel, from 
which place it marched to the vicinity of Sissonne. 

Californie Plateau. 

4. Sent into line in the sector of Hurtebise for a very short stay (May 25-26 to May 
28-29), it went into action on the 21st in the vicinity of Chevreux. It took part 
there in the attack of June 3 upon Californie Plateau, in the course of which its losses 
were serious (50 to 60 men per company in the 152d Regiment, heavy losses in the 
148th Infantry Regiment). 

5. The 42d Division remained in the sector of Chevreux until June 25. About 
July 3 it went to the east of the Butte du Mesnil. It remained in this sector, without 
an}' notable occurrences, until the beginning of November. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAInT AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 449 

Flanders. 

6. On November 12 it was in the vicinity of Staden, Houthulst wood, where it 
alternated with the 38th Division. Relieved on January 14, 1918, it went to rest near 
Bruges. 

RECRUITING. 

The 41st Division is recruited principally from West Prussia. As the region is not 
very large and has a relatively small population, the 41st Division borrows from other 
districts (especially the 6th Corps District). It contained a large number of Alsace- 
Lorrainers during its stay on the Russian front 

VALUE^1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 41st DiAdsion, coming from the Russo-Roumanian front, where it had remained 
until the beginning of February, 1917, appears to have only a mediocre military value. 

In the course of the attack of June 3, 1917, on the Californie Plateau, the retreat of 
the 148th Infantry Regiment was carried out in a state of extreme confusion 

During its stay on the Champagne front the 41st Division showed no offensive 
activity. (July 3-November, 1917.) 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1. The 41st Division was relieved in the sector north of Ypres by the 38th Division 
toward the end of January, and went to rest near Bruges. Wliile here the artillery 
received new guns, and it seems probable that the division was put through a course 
of training. 

2. During the night of February 25-26 the division relieved the 2d Guard Reserve 
Division south of Westroosebeke (northeast of Ypres). About the 4th of March it 
was relieved by the 38th Division and went to rest in the Turcoing area. 

Arras. 

3. On the 26th of March the division was identified near Oppy (northeast of Arras). 
Here it was heavily engaged, and the attack which it attempted broke down through 
heavy casualties. 

Albert. 

4. The division was identified in the same area on the 28th, but not afterwards, 
and so it was very likely withdrawn during the next day or two. Early in April the 
division moved up in support of the 21st Reserve Division in the Beaumont-Hamel 
region (north of Albert), and during the night of the 7th-8th it relieved the 1st Guard 
Resei^ve Division a little farther to the north in the Puisieux sector (east of H^buterne) . 
On the 14th of April the division extended its front to the south so as to relieve the 
24th Division. On the 11th of June it was relieved by the 26th Reserve Division and 
went to rest and refit in the Douai area. 

5. On the 9th of July it relieved the 108th Division east of Villers-Bretonneux 
(east of Amiens). Here it was caught in the Allied drive of August 8, and after losing 
over 1,700 prisoners was withdrawn on the 10th. 

6. After resting a fortnight immediately behind the front, it came back into line 
near Gappy (southeast of Bray) on the 25th. In the fighting that followed the divi- 
sion lost more than 800 prisoners, and even more killed and wounded. It was relieved 
early in September and went to rest and to be reconstituted near Chateau Salins 
(northeast of Nancy). On September 8 it received as a draft what was left of the 
dissolved 18th Reserve Regiment (225th Division disbanded). 

Argonne. 

7. Leaving Metz on October 6 and traveling via St. Juvin, the division reenforced the 
front near Sommerance (east of Grandpre) on the 9th to meet the American push of 
the 8th. It was withdrawn on the 31st after having suffered very heavy losses. 

125651°— 20 29 



450 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

8. It rested a day or two immediately in rear of the front, and on the 3d it was 
thrown in near Nouart (southwest of Stenay), the Americans having attacked again on 
the 1st. It was again withdrawn on the 8th, and did not come back into line. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 41st has been considered a second-class division. With the exception of its 
engagements in the spring near Albert and in the Argonne in October and November, 
it has not done a great deal of fighting during the year; during this fighting, however, 
it suffered very severely, so that when it was withdrawn on the 8th of November its 
companies did not have an average combatant strength of 25. On June 6 the com- 
manding general issued an order indicating an increase in the number of instances in 
which subordinates emphatically refused to accompany their units into line and in 
which officers neglected to enforce obedience to orders, and insisting that the evil be 
remedied even though the men had to be shot. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 451 



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452 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(2ist Corps District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1. Upon mobilization, the 42d Division and the 31st Division formed the 21st Army 
Corps. 

It was a part of the 6th Army (Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria), and fought, at the 
beginning of August, 1914, across the Lorraine frontier, in the vicinity of Chateau 
Salins, Dieuze, Eechicoiu"t (Aug. 5-12). Engaged on the 20th northeast of Dieuze, 
the 42d Division reached Luneville on the 22d and attacked Rehainviller and Gerbe- 
viller on the 24th. These days had been very costly. On August 26 the 121st In- 
fantry Regiment was reduced to 31 officers and 1,562 men. (Official Document.) 

2. At the beginning of September it was sent to reenforce the 2d Bavarian Corps. 
On September 3 it was in the vicinity of Moyen-Domptail. It retired to Dieuze 
(Sept. 11-13) and entrained at Boulay on the 18th, for Cambrai. 

SOMME. 

3. On September 24 it was on the Somme. If fought at Gruny , Maucourt, in the vicin- 
ity of Chaulnes-Pressoire (end of September to beginning of October). It took up its 
position on the Chaiilnes front, along the road from Amiens to St. Quentin (November- 
December). 

1915. 

1. The 42d Division occupied the lines north of Chaulnes until the end of January, 
1915. On December 26, the losses of the 131st Infantry Regiment since the beginning 
of the campaign amounted to 87 officers and 3,233 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

2. About January 25 the 42d' Division was relieved and entrained for the Eastern 
Front with the 31st Division (21st Army Corps). 

3. Concentrated in East Prussia at the beginning of February, it formed a part of 
the Hindenburg Army which was to force the Russians across the frontier. 

4. From the vicinity of Augustowo (Feb. 14) it advanced rapidly to the east; it 
reached Sopockin on the 20th, and took up its position Avith the 21st Army Corps on 
the line Sopockin-Chtabine (north of Grodno). On March 9 the violent Russian 
counterattacks caused it heavy losses. 

Makiampol. 

5. At the beginning of March the 42d Division bore to the north; it was at Kal- 
warjia on March 26; occupied the vicinity of Mariampol on April 2. It fought in this 
sector from March 29 to April 24 and remained there until August. (On Apr. 13 the 
losses of the first two battalions of the 131st Infantry Regiment since the 6th of Feb- 
ruary had been 1,672 men, according to the Official Casualty List. The 7th Company 
had only 65 men left on Apr. 7.) 

VlLNA. 

6. Renewing its forward march, the division reached Vilna on August 30 ; continuing 
toward the east, it reached Herviaty-Vorniany on September 20, then went toward 
Lake Narotch, vicinity of Postavy, where the front became stable. 

In the autumn the 97th Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 108th Division, a 
new formation. 

1916. 
Lake Narotch. 

1. The 42d Division held its positions at Lake Narotch until April, 1917. 

2. At the end of March, 1916, it sustained the Russian attacks and suffered great 



1917. 

G ALICIA. 

1. On April 24, 1917, the 42d Division was relieved from the sector of Lake Narotch 
and entrained at Vilna for the Western Front. The activity along the Galician 
front caused its itinerary to be modified, and from Warsaw it was sent to Lemberg. 
In reserve first, it went into action on July 20 in the German counteroffensive of 
Brzezany, which took it to the region south of Tarnopol (Grjimalov, July 31). 



DIVISIOITS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IlsT WAR. 453 

Riga. 

2. Withdrawn from the Galician front at the beginning of August, it entrained at 
Lemberg on the 24th, and was transferred to Neugut (between Mitau and Jakobstadt) 
on August 27. It took part in the advance to Riga; one of its regiments crossed the 
Dvina, in the vicinity of Uxkull, on September 1. 

Oesel Island. 

3. At the end of September it was sent to Libau, where important forces were being 
concentrated for the occupation of the islands in the Baltic. On October 12 the 131st 
Infantry Regiment landed on the Oesel Island, which it occupied until November 1. 
The 138th Infantry Regiment remained at Moon until October 25. At the beginning 
of November the 42d Division was transferred to the vicinity of Kovel. At the end 
of November it took over a calm sector in the vicinity of Kachovka. 

France. 

4. Entraining at Kovel on December 23, it arrived in France on December 28. 
(Itinerary : Warsaw-Thorn-Posen-Leipzig -Dortmund -Cologne -Herbestal -Brussels . 
It detrained at Ascq on the 28th.) 

5. After a stay in the vicinity of Lille, it relieved the 4th Division east of Armen- 
tiferes on January 23, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

As the regional system of recruiting could not furnish dependable elements, the 
42d Division is principally recruited from Westphalia and the Rhine Province. The 
Alsace-Lorrainers were fairly numerous, however, during the stay of the division on 
the Russian front, j 

VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

The 42d Division occupied the Eastern Front from February, 1915, until the end of 
December, 1917. 

In the offensive operations in which the 42d Division took part in 1917 the suc- 
cesses appear to have been fairly easy. The greater part of the time it has not had to 
sustain any serious action and its losses have been comparatively slight. 

1918. 
Battle of the Lys. 

1. The division held the Armeutieres sector until it was relieved about March 22 by 
the 32d Division. On April 9 it reenforced the battle front near Merris. It was en- 
gaged in heavy fighting, and between April 9 and 16 the losses of the division amounted 
to 50 per cent of the strength. On April 17 it was relieved by the 12th Division. 

2. The division came in on the quiet Lens sector on April 25-26, relieving the 220th 
Division. It held the sector until June 25, when it was relieved by the 36th Reserve 
Division and moved to the region southwest of Soissons, where on June 30 it relieved . 
the 14th Division. It suffered from the French attack of July 18, losing 1,400 prisoners. 
It was withdrawn about July 22. 

3. The division rested nearly a month undergoing reconstitution by elements from 
the dissolved 211th Division. The 390th Regiment was completely merged with 
the 42d Division. From Laon the division moved to Rethel. 

Champagne. 

4. From its entry into the Champagne line on August 22 in relief of the 28th Division 
until October 1 it was engaged in resisting the French offensive operations in Cham- 
pagne, during which period it lost about 2,000 prisoners. The division was with- 
drawn on October 1. After two weeks in the second line the division returned to 
line about October 14 near Olizy. It continued in line until the armistice. After 
November 3 the division was opposite the left flank of the American front. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as thh'd class. It was used as an attack division in the Lya 
offensive, but thereafter was employed solely on the defensive. The division had a 
good composition with a large percentage of men of the younger classes. 



454 DIVISION'S OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 455 

HISTORY. 
(From all of the Prussian territory, by selecUion, in the same manner as the guard.) 

1914. 

1. The 43d Reserve Division (fii-st series of reserve di^dsions engaged in October, 
1914) formed at this time, -v^ith the 44th Reseive Division, the 22d Reserve Corps. 
It was formed from the regimental recruit depots of the guard, and has preserved 
from that time a selective system of recruiting from the whole of the Prussian 
territory. 

2. Going into training at the camp of Doeberitz at the beginning of September, 
the 43d Reserve Division entrained on October 13 for Belgium, and on the 19th it 
began fighting in the vicinity of Dixmude, Merckem, Bixschoote, etc. It was in 
action there until the end of November. 

YSER. 

3. After the battle of the Yser the elements of the division occupied different parts 
of the front between Ypres and Nieuport. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. At the beguming of January, 1915, the 86th Reserve Brigade was in line at 
Westende. 

2. About the end of February the 43d Reserve Division was reconcentrated and 
then sent to rest in the vicinity of Menin-Roulers until April 25. - 
Artois. 

3. In May elements of the division were holding the sector Bixschoote-Boesinghe 
(North of the Ypres salient). Another part of the division was sent as a reenforce- 
ment north of Arras (Souchez) to oppose the French offensive. The 202d Reserve 
Infantry Regiment lost 76 officers and 1,320 men at Notre Dame de Lorette (Official 
List of Casualties). 

Russia. 

4. About the beginning of July the 86th Reserve Brigade was transferred to Russia 
and took part in the offensive of Mackensen in Poland. Between May 15 and 
September 29 the 204th Reserve Infantry Regiment listed as casualties 63 officers 
and 3,511 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

Champ AGNE-S e rbia . 

5. The 85th Reserve Brigade, sent ,to Lorraine (Xivray), then to Woevi'e (July to 
September), took part in the battle of Champagne (end of September), and then 
rejoined the rest of the division in Serbia, where the 43d Reserve Division took part 
in the campaign in October. 

1916. 
France. 

1. The division left Serbia to return to France at the end of January and beginning 
of February, 1916. 

Verdun. 

2. After a rest in the vicinity of Valenciennes (Februarj^-]\Iarch) it was sent to 
the Verdun front at the end of March, and went into action west of the Mouse on 
April 10 (attacks of Bethincourt and the Mort Homme), where it suffered heavy 
losses between April 10 and May 25. The 12th Company of the 201st Reserve 
Infantry Regiment received not less than 185 men as replacements during the month 
of May. (Document.) 

3. Toward the end of May the 43d Reserve Division was withdrawn from the front 
and sent to rest in the Thionville area. At Verdun it had lost 50 per cent of its infantry. 
Russia. 

4. At the middle of June it entrained at Novion Porcien and was again sent to 
Russia. (Itinerary: Charleville-Treves-Cassel-Leipzig-Dresden-Breslau-CracOw- 



456 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 

Lemberg-Stojanow (southwest of Sokal.) The 204th Reserve Infantry Regiment 
detrained on June 19. 

5. On the Russian front the division was engaged west of Loutsk in the German 
counteroffensive in June. (Its losses may be estimated from the fact that the 12th 
Company of the 201st Reserve Infantry Regiment received replacements of 152 men 
in July and August, the 3d Company at least 145 men from July 9 to 29.) 

France. 

6. On November 15 the division was brought back to the Western Front. (Itinerary 
Oderberg-Leipzig-Frankf ort-Mayence-Thionville-Sedan-Thourout. ) Reduced to 
three regiments by the assignment of the 204th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 
218th Division, a new formation, it was at rest for almost a month in the vicinity of 
Rethel. 

Verdun. 

7. In consequence of the French attack of December 15 north of Verdun, the divi- 
sion was concentrated in the vicinity of Azannes. On December 17 it relieved the 
remnants of the 10th Division in the Chambrettes sector. 

1917. 

1. The 43d Reserve Division remained at Verdun until January 31, 1917, with- 
out being engaged in any important action. However, it suffered rather heavy losses 
there. 

Champagne. 

2. Aiter a rest in Alsace, the division was sent to Champagne, where, on February 

22, it reenforced the front between Loivre and east of the Cavaliers du Courcy. The 
French attack of April 16 caused it serious losses. 

Argonne. 

3. Relieved at the end of April, and reorganized, it went back into line in the 
calm sector of Vauquois about May 9; the 12th Company of the 201st Reserve Infantry 
Regiment was filled up by the arrival of 100 men (1918 class; men from the 613th and 
614th dissolved Infantry Regiments). 

4. At the end of May the division was withdrawn from the Argonne. It was rested 
and reorganized first in the Ardennes, then in the ^dcinity of Laon. 

Chemin des Dames. 

5. From July 18 to 20, it went into the sector Panth6on-Epine du Chevregny 
(south of Pargny-Filain) and almost at once underwent the artillery preparation and 
the French attack of July 30 which caused it heavy losses, increased by the counter- 
attacks which it attempted on July 31 and August 10. On July 30 the 12th Com- 
pany of the 202d Reserve Infantry Regiment had only 5 noncommissioned officers 
and 56 men left (docimient). On August 10 the 201st Reserve Infantry Regiment 
was almost completely destroyed and left 124 men as prisoners south of La Roy^re. 

6. The 43d Reserve Division was relieved from the Chemin des Dames on August 
23 and sent to rest until the end of September in the vicinity of Laon. It was filled 
up and reorganized. 

La Malmaison. 

7. Receiving training at the beginning of October in view of an offensive which 
was to anticipate the expected French attack, the elements of the 43d Reserve Divi- 
sion were engaged, beginning with October 15, to reenforce weakened di\dsions at 
Vaudesson, La Malmaison, and Bruyeres. They underwent the attack of October 

23, which caused them heavy losses (53 officers, 2,190 men, prisoners). The remnants 
of the division were relieved on the Ailette on October 28. 

Russia. 

8. The division was sent to Russia soon afterwards, where it detrained on Novem- 
ber 11, in the vicinity of Baranovitchi,- after five days' travel. It then relieved the 
201st Division, scheduled to go to France. 



Divisioisrs or German army which participated in war. 457 

RECRUITING. 

The 43d Reserve Division was recruited, as was the guard in which it had 
its origin, from the whole of the Prussian territory. The trained men (returned, 
wounded, and sick), whofigtu-e in the reenforcements which it received, had the same 
origin (Guard, 1st Reserve Guard Division, 261st and 262d Reserve Guard Ersatz 
Divisions, Guard Landsturm Battalions, etc.). In April, 1917, the division absorbed 
a part of the 613th and 614th Regiments formed from the Guard recruit depots and 
dissolved on March 31. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 43d Reserve Division has always been considered a very good organization 
(December, 1917). 

On August 10, 1917, south of La Royere, the 201st Ersatz Regiment attacked "with 
very great energy." 

In October, 1917, at La Malmaison, the 43d Reserve Division was brought up for 
reenf or cement as an attacking division. 

Because of its recent losses (in the attack of Oct. 3) the 43d Reserve Division needs 
to be completely reorganized before going into action (December, 1917). 

It is to be noted that all the recruits of the division come from the Guard recruit 
depots. (After the losses suffered on Apr. 16, 1917, the division received 3,000 men 
from the depots of Brandenburg.) 

The human material at the disposition of the division is of high quality. 

1918. 

1. The division left Russia on February 9 and arrived at the Camp Alten-Grabon 
near Magdeburg about the middle of February. After resting there about five weeks 
the division entrained on March 18 and traveled via Bielefeld-Gladbach- Aachen- 
Vise - Hasselt - Louvain - Brussels - Denderleeuw -Audenarde - Courtrai - Tourcoing to 
Lille, where the regiment detrained on the 22d, billeting at Loos. On the night of 
Apiil 1-2 the 202d Reserve Infantry Regiment marched via Emmerin and Wattig- 
nies to Herrin, continuing on the night of April 2-3 via Chemy-Camphin-Ostricourt 
to Malmaison and thence to Herrin-Lietard. On April 4 the regiment proceeded to 
Noyelles-Godault, on the 5th back to Malmaison, and thence on the 7th to Billy 
Berclau. 

La Bassee Canal. 

2. The division was engaged at Festubert on April 9. The objective of the division 
was to break through the enemy's positions, force the passage of the Lawe and the La 
Bassee Canals, and capture the heights of Hinges and the town of Bethum. It was 
held up by British resistance at Festubert and did not penetrate farther. On April 
29 it was relieved by the 9th Reserve Division. 

Somme. 

3. After its relief, the division rested in the area south of Lille until June 24, when it 
relieved the 24th Reserve Division at Bouzencom't. Until August 8, it held the sector 
on the Somme. In the fighting in August, the division lost 600 prisoners. On August 
20 it returned to line at Bray and was engaged until the end of the month. The total 
number of prisoners lost by the division in these two engagements was 1,100. 

4. Early in September the division was broken up. The 203d Reserve Regiment 
was turned into the Guard Ersatz Division, the 202d Reserve Regiment to the 2d 
Guard Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The di^dsion was rated as third class. Its complete failure on the La Bassee attack 
in April and its subsequently long retention in line on the Somme prepared the way 
for its dissolution about the first of September. 



458 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 459 

HISTORY. 

(3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

YSER. 

1. The 44th Reserve Division, formed between August and October, 1914, like 
the other division of the 22d Reserve Corps (43d Reserve Division), was trained at 
Jueterbog Camp and entrained on October 12. Detraining at Termonde, it was in 
action at Dixmude and at Bixschoote in October and November and lost very heavily. 
On November 9 the 3d Battalion of the 205th Reserve Infantry Regiment was reduced 
to 153 men. (Notebook.) 

2. After the battle of the Yser, it occupied several sectors north of Ypres. 

1915. 

NiEUPORT. 

1. The 44th Reserve Division remained on the Flanders front until the month of 
June, 1915. 

2. On June 7 the division was relieved from the Lombartzyde-Nieuport sector and 
transferred to the Eastern Front. 

Russia. 

3. Arriving in Russia in the middle of June, it took part in the Mackensen offensive — 
battles of pursuit on the Galician frontier (June 22- July 16); battle of Krasnostaw 
(July 19-28) and of Biskupice (July, 29-30); battles up to the Bug (July 31 to Aug. 19); 
taking of Brest-Litovsk on August 26. 

Serbia. 

4. In October it was sent to Serbia and went through the entire campaign. 

5. At the end of December, it was sent to rest in Hungary. 

1916. 
France. 

1. At the end of January, 1916, the 44th Reserve Division entrained for France. 
(Itinerary: Inddis-Budapest-Vienna-Rosenheim-Cologne-Charleroi.) It detrained 
at Landrecies- Valenciennes on February 6. It did some work on the Somme front 
(the 306th Reserve Infantry Reginient near Peronne; the 208th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment remained at Mesle until Mar. 14) and then entrained at Landrecies on 
March 24. 

Verdxjn (Mort-Homme). 

2. Concentrated in the vicinity of Buzancy, at the end of March, the division went 
to the left bank of the Meuse. On April 11 the 86th Reserve Brigade went into line 
in the Mort-Homme sector. The 44th Reserve Division was in action beginning with 
April 25, and suffered very heavy losses (April-May). 

3. On June 5 the 44th Reserve Division was withdrawn from the front, reorganized, 
and sent to rest in the vicinity of Sedan (replacements from the 3d and 5th Corps 
Districts). 

Somme. 

4. Transferred to the Somme (July 2 and 3), the division sent some of its elements 
into action on the Estrees-Belloy front on July 4. It underwent the French attacks 
between these two villages (July 6-10) and launched a violent counterattack on the 
7th and 8th. These engagements caused it severe losses (9 officers and 522 men as 
prisoners). 



460 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Lassigny. 

5. Relieved on July 10, it spent a few days at rest, and on July 20 entered the line 
in the sector of Lassigny-Beuvraignes. 

Between June 1 and July 15 the 205th Reserve Infantry Regiment, after it had 
received men from the Beverloo depot, had received at least 145 men for its 5th 
Company, 167 for its 8th; on July 14 the 1st Company of the 206th Infantry Regiment 
received at least 128 men; some (1917 class) had only been in the service since May 5. 

SOMME. 

6. Sent to rest in the middle of September, the 44th Reserve Division again went 
into action on the Somme (Berny en Santerre-Genermont), between October 9 and 
October 28, and again lost very heavily. 

7. It then came back into the Lassigny sector, where it was reorganized (reinforce- 
ments of 300 to 400 men per regiment). It transferred the 207th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment to the 228th Division, a new organization. 

1917. 

Lassigny (Retreat). 

1. In March, 1917, the 44th Reserve Division took part in the German retreat and 
left the lines at Lassigny to take up its position between La Fere and Moy (Mar. 25). 
La Malmaison (Woevre). 

2. Sent into the reserve of the army at the end of March in the vicinity of Marie St. 
Gobert, the division was concentrated on April 15 in the vicinity of Monampteuil- 
Filain (Apr. 20). On the 21st, on both banks of the Oise-Aisne Canal, it relieved the 
remnants of the division decimated by the French offensive of April 16 and at La 
Malmaison received the new attack of May 5. Very much exhausted (1,670 prisoners), 
it was replaced at once (night of May 5-6) and transferred to the Woevre first and then 
to the C6tes de Meuse northeast of St. Mihiel, where the division took over the sector 
of Chevaliers after being reorganized. It was withdrawn October 25. 

Flanders. 

3. On November 10 it went into line in Flanders, north of Passchendaele. 

Artois. 

Relieved at the end of the month, it was sent to the sector of Neuve Chapelle. It 
was still there March 19, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 44th Reserve Division was mixed at the time of its formation (one regiment 
from Hanover), but has since become purely Brandenburg by its reduction to three 
regiments. However, this does not prevent the occasional introduction of extraneous 
elements — for example, in July, 1916 (urgent call for available reserve at Beverloo). 
The 1917 class then made its appearance on July 12, 1916 (in the 208th Reserve In- 
fantry Regiment); the 1918 class on April 13, 1917 (in the 205th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment) . 

value — 1917 estimate. 

The 44th Reserve Division has been designated an assault division. 

The 44th Reserve Division has not shown any great military value in the course of 
the battles which it went into north of the Aisne. Certain elements, however, fought 
well. One must note that the combat effectives of the division were very much 
reduced by the artillery preparation before the attack of May 5, 1917. 

After the battle of the Aisne, the division made up for its losses with elements from 
the field recruit depots and two replacements, one coming from Warsaw (1917 class), 
and the other from the 5th Corps District (mostly returned wounded). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 461 

1918. 
La Bassee Canal. 

1. About April 1st, the division was retired to the second line, from which it 
returned on the night of April 12-13 to attack near Locon on the 13th. It held a sector 
in that region until its relief by. the 220th Division on May 6-7. 

2. The division rested at Courrieres for three weeks. On May 26 it relieved the 
39th Division west of Vieux Berqum. Here it remained until July 4, when it was 
relieved by the 207th Division. 

SOMME. 

3. The division moved to the area northwest of Tournai early in July. There it 
rested and received drafts until its return to line northeast of Martinpuich on August 
26. The division fell back on Flers (27th), Beaulencourt (1st), Villers au Flos (2d), 
Ruyaulcourt (3d), southwest of Havrincourt (7th). It was withdrawn from line on 
September 10 after losing 700 prisoners. 

4. It was out of line for four weeks and unconfirmed reports indicated its presence 
at Metz. However, it again appeared in line on the Cambrai-St. Quentin front on 
October 10, north of Montay. It fought around Le Cateau until the end of the month 
when it was withdrawn from line north of Robersart. About the fourth of November 
the division was back in line at Locquignol and in the closing days of the war it fell 
back to Maubeurge. 

VALUE^1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as first class. It was not used in any of the major offensives 
of 1918. 



462 Divisio]srs or gekman akmy which participated ie" wae. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 463 

HISTORY. 

(81st Landwehi" Regiment: 18th Corps District — Grand Duchy of Hesse and Hesse- 
Nassau. 93d Landwehr Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony. 382d 
Landwehr Regiment: 7th Corps District — ^Westphalia. 

1916. 
Lorraine. 

1. The 44th Landwehr Division was formed in April, 1917, by the grouping of the 
44th Landwehr Brigade (93d and 382d Landwehr Regiments) and the 81st Landwehr 
Regiment. The latter regiment had been successively attached to the 39th Reserve 
Division (area of St. Die until the spring of 1916), to the Bavarian Ersatz Division 
(near Verdun until the end of 1916) and finally to the 54th Division (Flirey). 

2. The 44th Landwehr Brigade, called the Rosenberg Brigade until July, 1916, 
united in December, 1915, on the left bank of the Moselle, the 1st Landwehr Ersatz 
Regiment, afterwards the 382d Landwehr Regiment (formerly attached to the Norroy 
Brigade) and the 93d Landwehr, former Von Gundlach Regiment of the Graudenz 
Corps, formed from two of the six surplus Landwehr battalions of the 4th Corps Dis- 
trict and of the 38th Landwehr Brigade Ersatz Battalion (Hanover), identified Jean- 
delize in June, 1915. It was attached to the 8th Ersatz Division at the beginning 
of 1916. 

3. The 44th Landwehr Brigade held the Moselle front on the left bank of the river 
until it was transformed into the 44th Landwehr Division. 

1917. 
Bois LE Pretre. 

1. The formation of the 44th Landwehr Division in April, 1917, had no effect upon 
the position of the elements which entered into its composition. They continued to 
hold the left bank of the Moselle (Bois le Pretre) until October, 1917. 

2. In this sector the 44th Landwehr Division gave signs of its presence only by a 
few unimportant raids. 

Upper Alsace. 

3. On October 13, 1917, the 44th Landwehr Division was relieved from Bois le 
Pretre, entrained on the 16th at Arnaville, Pagny, Bayonville, and was transferred to 
Alsace, detraining at Sierentz and Bartenheim. During the night of the 18th-19th 
it went into line on both banks of the Rhone- Rhine Canal. 

On November 7 the diAdsion suffered some losses at Schoenholz. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Composed for the most part of elderly men accustomed to holding calm sectors, the 
44th Landwehr Division is the antithesis of an attack division. However, it knows 
how to organize and maintain a position and there is reason to believe that it would 
do well on the defensive. 

Each of its regiments possesses an assault troop. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Altkirch sector throughout 1918 until the armistice. The 
sector remained absolutely quiet. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



464 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 465 

HISTORY. 

(2d Corps District — Pomerania.) 
1914. 

1. The 45th Reserve Division (forming the 23d Reserve Corps with the 46th Reserve 
Division) belongs to the series of divisions formed between August and October, 1914. 
It received its training at the Jueterbog Camp, entrained on October 12, and detrained 
at Alost in Belgium. 

YSER. 

2. On October 21, 1914, the 45th Reserve Division was engaged in the battle of the 
Yser in the vicinity of Noordschoote-Steenstraat, and suffered serious losses in the 
course of the battles, which were prolonged until November (from Oct. 15 to Nov. 11 
52 officers and 1,669 men in the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment, according to the 
Official List of Casualties). 

3. In December elements of the division were in line in the vicinity of Bixschoote. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. The division remained in Belgium and in the vicinity of Armentieres during 
the entire year of 1915 and the first half of 1916. 

2. On April 22, 1915, it attacked in the Steenstraat sector and occupied the village 
of Lizerne, which counter attacks obliged it to abandon. 

. 1916. 
Flanders. 

1. The 45th Reserve Division continued to occupy the zone north of Ypres (Steen- 
straat-Boesinghe) until March 3, 1916. The 209th and 212th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ments were temporarily detached (from the end of January to the beginning of March) 
and assigned to the 26th Division in the Becelaere sector. 

Messines. 

2. On March 12 the diAdsion took over the sector of Messines, south of Ypres. Until 
the month of September it did not take part in any important action. 

SOMME. 

3. At the beginning of September it was withdrawn from Flanders, sent to the 
Somme, and engaged in the sector of Thiepval-Martinpuich (Sept. 9 to 24). On Sep- 
tember 15 it withstood the British attack between Courcelette and Thiepval, where 
it lost very heavily. 

OlSE. 

4. After a short rest in the vicinity of Bapaume the division was sent to the Noyon 
area. It transferred the 209th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 207th Division, a 
new formation. At the beginning of October it went into line on the left bank of 
the Oise at Tracy le Val. In the interval, in order to fill up its regiments, it had 
to borrow from the Landsturm battalions of the 2d Corps District (men of the Land- 
sturm 2d Ban, trained and untrained from the classes 1892 to 1894). 

1917. 

1. January 22, 1917, the 45th Reserve Division left the sector of Tracy le Val for 
the Sissonne Camp, and received training there for three weeks. Its regiments had 
been practically re-formed. Between September 24, 1916, and February 21, 1917, 
the 210th Reserve Infantry Regiment had received 79 noncommissioned officers and 
1,522 men. 

2. On February 12 it went into the sector Osly-Courtil-Chevillecourt, west of Sois- 
sons. In March it retired in the direction of Coucy le Chateau; it was put in reserve 
(Mar. 20 to Apr. 10) in the area north of Laon. 

125651°— 20 30 



466 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Aisne-Chemin des Dames. 

3. On April 10, in anticipation of the French attack, the elements of the division 
were concentrated near Filain. On the 7th the 210th Reserve Infantry Regiment 
was in action south of the Ailette Canal (east of Vauxaillon). The other regiments 
were sent west of the Oise-Aisne Canal toward Braye en Laonnois. All the units 
underwent the attack of April 16, and were relieved between April 20 and 22, having 
suffered very heavy losses. 

4. Concentrated and reorganized north of Laon (Crecy sur Serre), the division again 
went into action near the Oise-Aisne Canal (Froidmont Farm-Malval Farm, on May 3). 
Its losses were again very severe during the new French attack of May 5. It was with- 
drawn from the front on the 6th. 

Verdun. 

5. Transferred to the vicinity of Confians and reorganized, the division went into 
line on the Cotes de Meuse (Calonne les Eparges) on May 27. 

6. After three months in the sector on the Cotes, the 45th Reserve Division entrained 
at Confians (Sept. 26) for Flanders. 

Flanders. 

7. On September 22 it went into position in the Zonnebeke sector as a counter- 
attacking division. Elements of the division were engaged on October 1 (Polygon 
wood), on the 4th (Zoonebeke), and from the 9th to the 12th as reinforcements on the 
Passchendaele front. After the British attack of October 12 the division, very much 
exhausted by these battles, was relieved. 

Verdun. 

Transferred to the rear of the Cotes de Meuse, sent into line on the heights north- 
east of St. Mihiel in November; it was sent to the vicinity of Bohain in December. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed at the time of its formation (1 Hanseatic Regiment), the 45th Reserve Division 
was recruited almost entirely from Pomerania, in theory at least, after its reduction to 
three regiments. Like the other units recruited from this province (4th Division), 
at the end of 1915 and several times since then, it has received a relatively large pro- 
portion of elderly men (1892 to 1894 classes, trained and untrained). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 45th Reserve Division fought well on the Somme. It put up a vigorous defense 
on the Aisne in the course of its two engagements of April 16 and May 6, 1917. 

The Pomeranians, who formed the greater part of its effectives, have a military 
reputation to sustain. However, according to the statements of prisoners, when the 
212th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the Verdun front to Flanders it refused 
to attack on September 30, 1917. (British Summary of Information, Oct. 4.) 

1918. 
St. Quentin. 

1. Toward the end of January the division relieved the 36th Division near Faye 
(north of St. Quentin) , the latter division side slipping toward the south. It remained 
here and took part in the initial attack of the Somme offensive; it was withdrawn 
about the 24th of March. It was not entirely withdrawn on that date, however, for 
besides still having some elements in line, the rest of the division was in close support 
as a " follow up " division. In this fighting it lost heavily. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. A few days later it went to rest in the Montdidier area. Early in April it entered 
line near Assainvillers (east of Montdidier), where it was identified on the 6th, and 
was relieved by the 206th Division on the 18th, going to rest and refit in the region of 
Vouziers. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 467 

AlSNE. 

3. On the 1st of June the division was in reserve northeast of Ffere en Tardenois, 
and on the 3d it reinforced the front near Chaudun (southwest of Soissons) ; it was 
relieved by the 23d Division and went to rest near Oulchy le Chateau (west of Fere en 
Tai'denois). 

Marne. 

4. The allied counteroffensive having started on July 18, the division was hurried 
into line near Montron (east of La Ferte Milon) to meet it. Here it was heavily 
engaged and suffered severe losses. It was relieved by the 26th Division on July 27. 

5. It did not have an opportunity to rest, however, for it relieved the 201st Division 
north of Fere en Tardenois two days later. It was relieved on August 3, and went to 
rest in the Maubeuge region. It was identified here on the 23d, but a few days after- 
wards the Germans, fearing an American attack in Alsace, it was dispatched to the 
vicinity of Muelheim, where it arrived prior to September 3. 

Ch ampagne-Argonne . 

6. The division entrained on the 24th for Flanders, but was ordered to detrain 
when it reached St. Morel (south of Vouziers) on the 26th and remained there until 
midnight. Then the 212th Reserve Regiment entered line in the Aire valley near 
Baulny, while the remainder of the division moved farther to the west and entered 
line to the north of Fontaine en Dormois (northeast of Suippes). On October 8 these 
elements came to the east and the division was in line as a whole northwest of Chatel 
Cheh^ry. It was withdrawn on the 25th and went to rest in Lorraine in the vicinity 
of Confians (southwest of Briey). 

7. On the 4th of November it came back into line near Woel (northeast of St. 
Mihiel); it was still here on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 45th Reserve has been considered a second-class division. Heavily engaged 
on the Somme (three times), on the Aisne, against the Allied counteroffensive, and 
in the battle of the Mouse- Argonne, it has done a great deal of heavy fighting during 
1918, without, however, ever particularly distinguishing itself. It suffered exceed- 
ingly heavy losses. Early in September, the 212th Regiment received as a draft the 
397th Regiment of the disbanded 222d Division. About the 16th of October it received 
a very large draft of replacements among which were a considerable number of ele- 
ments of decidedly Bolshevistic tendencies. Men deserted to the rear, to the enemy, 
and quite a few were punished for insubordination to officers, and some for refusing 
to fight. The morale of the whole division was very low. 



468 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 
45 til Landwelir Division. 
COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




45 Ldw. 


107 Ldw. 
1.33 Ldw. 
350 Ldw. 


45 Ldw. 


107. Ldw. 




133 Ldw. 
350 Ldw. 


Cavalry 


m 


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Art. Command: 
408 F. A. Rgt. 


498 F. A. Rgt. 




1027 Light Am. Col. 
1043 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(445) Pion. Btn.: 

4 Res. Co. 22 Pions. 
345 T. M. Co. 
545 Tel. Detch. 


183 Pion. Co. 

4 Landst. Co. 9 C. Dist. Pions. 
221 Searchlight Section. 
545 Signal Command: 
545 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


Ambulance Co. 
355 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


639 Ambulance Co. 
355 Field Hospital. 
45 Vet. Hospital. 


Transports 


562 M. T. Col. 















HISTORY. 

(19tli Corps District — Saxony.) 
1917. 

1. The 45th La'ndwehr Division was formed on the Eastern Front in April, 1917. 
The 107th Landwehr Regiment was taken from the 35th Reserve Division; the l'33d 
Landwehr Regiment from the 92d Division; and the 350th Landwehr from the 91st 
Division, after having been a part of the 88th Division. 

VOLHYNIA. 

2. Until February, 1917, the 45th Landwehr Division occupied a sector in Volhynia, 
near the Kovel-Rovno railroad. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 45th Landwehr Division has been on the Eastern Front since its formation. 
It appears to have only a mediocre offensive value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. In February, 1918, the division advanced toward Kiev. A man of the 133 
Landwehr Regiment wrote from the Wolczek Camp (southeast of Kovel) on the 15th 
of March: "Our regiment continues its march forward. It is said to have suffered 
heavy losses. We are fighting against the Bolsheviks; the Ukrainians are on our 
side." Divisional headquarters were at Poltava in April. 

2. In May the three regiments of the division were in the vicinity of Kharkov. 
The division was again identified here on October 13. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 469 













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470 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(9th Corps District — Hanseatic Cities and Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg.) 

1914. 

YSER. 

1. The 46th Reserve Division (belonging to the 23d Reserve Corps with the 45th 
Division), formed between August and October, 1914, was trained at theLockstedt 
Camp, and entrained for Belgium on October 12. It went into action in the battle 
of the Yser between Dixmude and Bixschoote on October 21, 1914. 

Flanders. 

2. After these battles, which lasted until about November 15, and in the course 
of which it suffered heavy losses, the division remained in Flanders and occupied the 
area of Bixschoote. On November 21 only 1 officer remained in the 3d Battalion of 
the 214th Reserve Infantry Regiment (letter); the 11th Company, which started with 
253 men, had only 90 left. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. Between April 22 and April 27, 1915, the 46th Reserve Division, which was still 
holding the front north of Ypres, took part in the battles launched around Lizerne, 
Het-Sas, Steenstraat. 

2. During the rest of the year 1915 and until March, 1916, the 46th Reserve Division 
(as well as the 45th Reserve Division) held the lines between Dixmude and Ypres, 
without any important action, with periods of rest in the vicinity of Bruges and 
Thourout. 

1916. 
St. Eloi Wytschaete. 

1. Relieved north of Ypres at the end of February, 1916, the 46th Reserve Division 
was transferred to Werwicq, from which place on March 14 it went to the sector of 
St. Eloi, near Messines. 

2. The di^dsion lost very heavily in this sector, at the beginning of April. After 
a short period of rest i.t took over the same line from May to September. 

SOMME. 

3. At the beginning of September it left the area south of Ypres to go to the Somme. 
It went into action on September 8 between Vermandovillers and the Chaulnes 
railroad and suffered rather heavy losses, especially during the French attack of 
September 17; the 2d Battalion of the 214th Reserve Infantry Regiment was almost 
completely destroyed (letter). 

4. Sent behind the front for a short time, about October 8, in the vicinity of Ham, 
it came back into line on October 17-20 minus the 213th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 
which was transferred to the 207th Division, a new organization. It supported the 
attacks of the 21st, between Ablaincourt and Chaulnes wood, where certain of its 
units lost very heavily. After launching a counterattack on the 22d the division 
was relieved on October 24-25. 

Champagne. 

5. In November and December the reorganized division took over the sector east 
of Rheims. 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the 46th Reserve Division was at rest in Lorraine. On Janu- 
ary 28 it entrained at Lorquin and was transferred to the Oise, by way of Sarreburg, 
Thionville, Luxemburg, Namur, Maubeuge, St. Quentin, Tergnier, Chauny. 
Moulin sous Touvent. 

2. On January 30 it went into the sector of Moulin sous Touverit-Autr^ches, which 
it left about March 18 to retire to Barisis, Folembray, and the lower Coucy wood. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 471 

FoRtiT DE St. Gobain. 

3. Established in the St. Gobain sector in April and May, it was relieved on May 
20 and sent to rest in the area of Marie and Vervins. It was reorganized there (the 
216th Eeserve Infantry Regiment received 500 men from the depot of the 76th Re- 
serve Infantry Regiment at Hamburg) . 

Chemin des Dames. 

4. On June 13 the diAdsion went into line on the Chemin des Dames, took part in 
the German attack of June 22 at the Epine de Chevregny-Roy^re Farm, and in the 
attack of July 8 on the front Pantheon-Froidmont. In these two actions it had heavy 
losses. It made up for these in part by men taken from the 94th Division in Russia. 

5. Withdrawn from the Laon front on July 24, the division was sent to rest and to 
be reorganized in the area of Montm^dy. 

•6. On August 12 it was transferred to Spincourt and placed in reserve on the right 
bank of the Mouse during the French attack of August 20. 
Verdun. 

I . Engaged on August 22 at the Fosse wood-Chaume wood, it lost heavily by the 
attack of August 26 and by its counterattack upon Beaumont. 

8. Relieved at once, it was reorganized and sent to rest in the vicinity of Sedan- 
Longuyon from August 26 to the end of September. 

Meuse. 

9. The 46th Reserve Division reappeared from October 3 to November 10 in the 
sector of Fosse wood-Chaume wood, where some elements launched an attack on 
November 9 and suffered heavy losses. 

10. The division was at rest in the vicinity of Longwy from November 10 to Decem- 
ber 15. 

Lorraine. 

II. About December 17 it took over the sector west of Nom^ny (Cheminot-Eply) 
in Lorraine. It was still there at the beginning of April, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Composed at the beginning of equal contingents from the 9th and 10th Corps Dis- 
tricts (Schleswig-Holstein, Hanseatic cities, and Mecklenburg; Hanover, Brunswick, 
Oldenburg), the division, since its reduction to three regiments, is filled up from the 
Hanseatic cities and the Grand Duchies of Mecklenbiirg. It has ceased, therefore, 
to be Prussian, a thing which has a certain practical interest in its designation in 
communiques, etc., and has not been able to develop any regional sentiment or cohe- 
sion. It is to be noted. that the reinforcements of 1917 have been rather mixed (Poles, 
men from the 2d, 3d, and 5th Corps Districts), partly because of their being taken 
from the Russian front, and, during its recent stay in Lorraine, from the neighboring 
depot of the 99th Infantry Regiment. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 46th Reserve Division may be considered a good division. 

The attack of July 8, 1917, was carried out energetically. The assault troops at- 
tacked with "extraordinary fury." 

The division fought bravely at Verdun in August, 1917. 

Weakened by battles and by an epidemic of dysentery (October-November), it was 
sent to Lorraine for rest and reorganization. 

The division received intensive training and it would seem that in spite of new, 
untrained recruits it will quickly regain its value. 



472 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

'1918. 
NOYON. 

1. The division was relieved about April 25 in Lorraine and transferred to the 
Montdidier area, where it was at rest until June 10. On that day it reenforced the 
Montdidier-Noyon battle front northeast of Goiunay. In the course of the attacks 
the division suffered considerable losses. About July 2 it was relieved. It rested in 
rear of the Noyon front. 

SOISSONS. 

2. On July 20 the division reenforced the battle front near Buzancy, south of Sois- 
sons. It lasted but one week and was then withdrawn. 

3. The effectives of the division was very low, due to the failure to receive drafts. 
Early in August the division was disbanded. The 214th Reserve Regiment was 
transferred to the 4th Division, the 216th Reserve Regiment to the 18th Reserve 
Division, and the 215th Reserve Regiment was turned into the 4th Ersatz Division. 
The divisional commander, Maj. Gen. Wasielewski, was retired. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. Although it was not heavily engaged in 
1918, its effective strength was allowed to dwindle to a very low level and dissolution 
followed. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 473 

46tli Landwelir Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 1 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Rc,giment. 


Infantry 


46 Ldw. 


101 Ldw. 
103 Ldw. 
105 Ldw. 




101 Ldw 






(7) 

105 Ldw. 




4 Sqn. 17 Uhlan Rgt. 










Art. command: 
246 F. A. Rgt. 






246 F. A. Rgt. (Rgt. Staff). 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(446) Pion. Btn.: 
346 T. M. Co. 
546 Tel. Detch. 


546 Signal Command: 

346 Tel, Detch. (Except 1st Zug ) 


Medical and veterinary. 


638 Ambulance Co. 
315 Field Hospital. 
46 Vet. Hospital. 


638 Ambulance Co. 
46 Vet. Hospital. 


Transports 


M. T. Col. 















1 Theelements below are those grouped under the Di-vision Postal Sector (728). Other units of the 46th 
Landwehr Division, operating in other divisional sectors, are carried as attached to such divisions. 

HISTORY. 
(12tli Corps District — Saxony.) 
1917. . 
The 46th Landwehr Division, composed of the 101st and 103d Landwehr Regiments 
(taken from the 14th Landwehr Division) and of the 33d Landsturm Battalion (taken 
from the 3d Reserve Division), was formed on the Eastern Front about May, 1917. 
Smorgoni. 

1. It occupied the sector of Smorgoni-Lake Narotch until the beginning of 1918. 

2. About the month of September, 1917, it received a new regiment, the 105th 
Landwehr, formed in 1917, at the time of the withdrawal of the Saxon battalions from 
the Prussian regiments of which they had been a part (345th and 374th Infantry 
Regiments) . In December a great number of the young men were taken from the 
division to reenforce the 40th Division (Saxon) before its departure for France. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The use made of the 46th Landwehr Division allows us -to form an appreciation of 
its value; it held a calm sector on the Russian front in 1917; occupied the Ukraine 
in 1918. 

1918. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. In January the division was on the Volhynian front, next to the 10th Landwehr 
Division. 

Ukraine. 

2. In February it moved into the Ukraine, leaving behind elements whose duty it 
was to gather the materiel which had been abandoned in the Russian positions. 

3. About the middle of March the division held the sector north of Mobile v. The 
103d Landwehr Regiment was along the Berezina in April. The 101st Landwehr Regi- 
ment was reported in the vicinity of Minsk early in May. The whole division was 
identified in the Minsk region the end of the month, and also toward the end of 
September. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



474 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 475 

HISTORY. 

(7th. Corps District — Westphalia.) 
1914. 

WOEVRE. 

1. The 47th Reserve Division, formed between August and October, 1914, and com- 
posing the 24th Reserve Corps with the 48th Reserve Division, was concentrated in 
the vicinity of Metz about October 20, sent to the Woevre, south of Etain, on the 26th, 
went into action at Magnaville on the 31st, and at Maucourt on November 6 to 11. 

Russia. 

2. On November 23 the 47th Reserve Division entrained lor the Eastern Front. 

DUNAJEC. 

3. Detraining in the vicinity of Cracow at the beginning of December, it went into 
action on the Dunajec (Neu-Sandec) west of Tarnow on the 8th, where it suffered 
Berious check on December 20. 

1915. 

1. On Jamiary 10, 1915, the 47th Reserve Division was identified on the Dunajec- 
Gorlice front. 

G ALICIA. 

2. From the end of January to the month of April it occupied the front west of 
Tarnow, near the Tarnow-Cracow railroad. 

Poland. 

3. It took part in the spring and summer offensive of 1915. On July 2 it was on 
the right bank of the Vistula, in the vicinity of Janow. From July 20 to August 9 
it took part in the advance from the Wysnica to the Wieprz, reached the Bug on Octo- 
ber 19, the Jaselda on September 8, and fought along this last river until the 12th. 
On the 13th it was at Slonim. 

4. At the- end of September it went to the vicinity of Baranovitchi. On October 
19 it held the lines near Lipsk. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1. The 47th Reserve Division remained in the sector of Lipsk-Baranovitchi during 
the entire year of 1916 and until May, 1917, when it entrained for France. On July 
23 the 217th Reserve Infantry Regiment was withdrawn from the division to aid 
in the formation of the 225th Division. 

1917. 
France. 

1. At the beginning of May, 1917, the 47th Reserve Division was transferred to the 
Western Front. (Itinerary of the 219th Reserve Infantry Regiment: Entrained on 
May 3 at Baranovitchi, Warsaw, Lodz, Lissa, Glogau, Leipzig, Erfurt, Frankfort, Metz; 
detrained at Bouillon ville, near Thiaucourt, on May 7.) 

AlSNE. 

2. After a stay in the Woevre, at Bois le Pretre, imtil the beginning of June, and a 
short rest near Marie, the 47th Reserve Division went into line north of Braye en 
Laonnois (west of the Epine de Chevregny) on June 20. It took part in the attacks 
launched in this sector and suffered heavy losses from June 22 to July 8. Some of its 
elements were engaged in the French attack of October 23, after which they retired 
to the village of Chevregny. 

3. The 47th Reserve Division was relieved at the end of October. 
FoRfiT DE St. Gobain. 

4. After a rest in the villages of the Serre vallej^, it took over the sector of Septvaux 
in the Fordt de St. Gobain about November 20. 



476 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING . 

Mixed at the time of its formation, the division has become entirely Westphalian 
since its reduction to three regiments. The levies from the Russian front in the course 
of 1917, however, introduced outside elements (men from the 1st, 2d, and 3d Corps Dis- 
trict in May, coming from the 406th, 420th, and 421st Infantry Regiments). Thirteen 
prisoners (220th Reserve Infantry Regiment) captured on October 1, 1917, north of 
Braye en Laonnois, came from the following Provinces in Germany: 4 from West- 
phalia, 2 from Hanover, 3 from East Prussia, 1 from the Rhine Province, 1 from 
Oldenburg, 1 from Silesia, and I from Pomerania. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 47th Reserve Division is a mediocre division more fitted for defense than attack, 
but still capable of effort after rest and reorganization. It had won some reputation 
in the offensive at Poland and Courland. 

Its effectives include a large proportion of Poles. 

In the sector of Chevregny, Froidmont (June- July), it gave a good account of itself, 
although sanitary conditions were very defective (Dec. 1, 1917). 

1918. 

1. About the beginning of February the division was relieved by the 3d Bavaria,n 
Division and went to train near Vervins. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. It was engaged in the Somme offensive on March 21 near Tergnier and partici- 
pated in the attack until the 25th. It was reengaged on April 1 southwest of Lassigny 
and held that sector until May 2, when it was relieved by the extension of the 206th 
Division. 

3. The division entrained at Ham on May 6 and moved to St. Quentin area. From 
May 27 onward it followed up the advance behind the 113th Division, and finally 
relieved that division on June 1 near Vierzy. It was relieved on June 20. 
Marne. 

4. This division, although greatly weakened, was returned to line without having 
been reconstructed, in the vicinity of Longpont. At this time the division had not 
more than 40 to 50 rifles to a company. It again suffered heavy losses, and about 
July 27 was retired to rest. 

5. The division was dissolved at Mainbresson on June 30. The 218th Reserve 
Regiment was formed into one battalion, which became the 3d Battalion of the 53d 
Reserve Infantry Regiment. The 219th Reserve Regiment was drafted to the 159th 
Regiment. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. Its dissolution was occasioned by its low 
effective strength following its losses and failtlre to receive drafts. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 477 








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478 Divisioisrs of germast army which participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(12th and 19th Corps District— Saxony.) 

1914. 

The 47th Landwehr Division came from the 47th Landwehr Brigade (104th and 
106th Landwehr Regiments) which was independent at first under the command of 
Lieut. Gen. Mueller, and was made a division in the autumn of 1915. 
Champagne. 

1. Detraimng at Bourcy (northeast of Bastogne) on August 18, 1914, the 47th Land- 
wehr Brigade arrived on the Champagne front immediately after the battle of the 
Marne. 

2. On September 14, 1914, the brigade was in line in the vicinity of Moronvilliers. 
It remained in Champagne until the beginning of 1917. 

1915. 

Champagne. 

1. About the month of May, 1915, it left the sector Prosne Moronvilliers for the north 
of Rheims, from Loivre to the Rheims-Witry road. 

2. Reenforced by the 113th Infantry Regiment, later by the 29th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment, it formed the Mueller Division in October. 

3. At the end of September one battalion of the 104th Landwehr Regiment was 
sent as a reenforcement into action south of Ste. Marie a Py to help out the 133d 
Reserve Infantry Regiment during the French offensive. 

1916. 

Champagne. 

1. The 47th Landwehr Brigade continued to occupy the Rheims sector (Courcy- 
Betheny) during 1916. 

2. In the month of July it was made a division (47th Landwehr Division) and 
received a 3d Regiment, the 391st Infantry Regiment (Saxon). 

1917. 
Oise La Fere. 

1. Withdrawn from the Rheims front about February 23, 1917, the 47th Landwehr 
Division was sent into line west of La Fere during the retirement of the German Army 
to the Hindenburg Line (Quessy-Travecy, Mar. 23). It remained in the sector at 
La Ffere until May 16. 

Russia. 

2. In the middle of May the division was transferred to the Eastern Front, where 
it occupied the sector Goroditche-Tsirin. It exchanged with the 219th Division, 
the 391st Infantry Regiment for the 100th Landwehr Granadier Regiment. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 47th Landwehr Division is a mediocre division. Its retention on the Russian 
front is a sufficient indication of its value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. In February the 47th Landwehr Division left the Tsirin region and took part 

in the advance into the Ukraine. On the 27th of April it was between Gomel and 

Briansk; on the 5th of June, in the Kiev region. It was identified in the same region 

several times subsequently, the last date of identification being September 30. 

VALUE — ^1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 479 



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480 DIVISIONS or gekman aemy which pakticipated in wae, 

HISTORY. 

(18th Corps District — Hesse-Nassau and the Grand Duchy of Hesse.) 

1914. 

The 48th Reserve Division (belonging to the 24th Reserve Corps with the 47th 
Reserve Division) was formed between August and October, 1914, and trained at 
the Oberhofen Camp. 
Artois. 

1. Concentrated near Metz in the middle of October, the 48th Reserve Division 
was transferred on the 25th to the area between Armentieres and La Bassee (Fromelles), 
while the 47th Reserve Division was sent to the Woevre. 

2. On November 1 the division held the line at Neuve Chapelle. Some elements 
were sent farther north, west of Wytschaete, in the middle of November. 

Russia. 

3. At the end of November the 48th Reserve Division left the Western Front for 
Russia. 

Poland. 

4. On December 3 it was identified in Poland in the vicinity of Kalisch It then 
made a part of the X Army and fought west of the Rawka, near Warsaw, at the end of 
December. 

1915. 

1. The 48th Reserve Division was engaged in Poland (Rawka) until January 28, 
1915. 

Carpathians. 

2. On February 2 elements of the division fought in the Carpathians, southeast of 
Beskides. It was then assigned to the German Army of the South (Von Linsingen) 
and was opposed to the Russians in the vicinity of the Uzsok Ridge (February-May). 
Galicia. 

3. Taking part in the spring and summer offensive of 1915, it marched to Halicz in 
May; crossed the Dniester in the middle of June; advanced to Brzezany-Tarnopol 
and was on the Zlota-Lipa at the end of July. One of its regiments, the 224th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment, was renewed several times; the list of losses from August to Octo- 
ber show casualties of 70 officers and 4,712 men, 3,100 of whom were reported as 
missing. The greater part of these were Alsace-Lorraiaers who had succeeded in 
deserting. 

4. When the offensive was resumed in October and November the 48th Reserve 
Division formed a part of the Bothmer Army and progressed from the Zlota-Lipa as 
far as the Stripa. 

1916. 

1. The 48th Reserve Division was retained at the Stripa, west of Tarnapol, during 
the winter and spring of 1916; it was still in this sector at the time of the Russian 
attack (Broussilow offensive, June to September). 

ROUMANIA. 

2. In the beginning of October the division went into action with the Falkenheim 
Army against Roumania, and fought in the vicinity of Hermannstadt, then at Preoeal 
in November. 

Galicia. 

3. It then left the Transylvanian front and went to eastern Galicia, where it was a 
part of the Bothmer Army. It took up its position between Brzezan, and the 
Dniester. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 481 

1917. 

1. At tlie beginning of 1917 the 224th Reserve Infantry Regiment left the division 
and was transferred to the 215th Division, in process of reorganization. 

France. 

2. The 48th Reserve Division was relieved from its sector in May, 1917, and trans- 
ferred to the Western Front (Itinerary: Lemberg-Jaroslav-Cracow-Oppeln-Breslau- 
Leipzig-Erfurt-Gotha-Eisenach-Frankfort- Worms -Sarrebniecken-Thionville-Mont- 
medy-Dun sur Meuse). It rested in the vicinity of Stenay from May 27 to June 28. 

Verdun. 

3. It was first behind the Verdun front, on the left bank of the Meuse. Toward the 
end of June it sustained the artillery preparation for the French offensive of July 17, 
and sent some of its elements in as reenforcements (Hill 304-Morthomme) on the day 
of the attack. 

4. Sent to rest and reorganized in the Stenay area at the end of July*. By an important 
draft of men of the 1918 class, it went back into the same sector (Hill 304-Corbeaux 
wood) on August 20, at the time of the new French attack, and lost heavily reenforcing 
and relieving units of the 6th Reserve Division. 

5. Withdrawn from the front on August 24, it was employed on various works until 
September 3 and then sent into the area of Damvillers. 

6. On September 12 it went into line north of Hill 344, which it left at the end of the 
month to go to rest in the vicinity of Morhange. 

Lorrainb-Alsace. 

7. After holding the lines in Lorraine (middle of October to the middle of November) 
northeast of Arracourt, the 48th Reserve Division was sent to Alsace and went to rest 
for two months in the vicinity of Enisheim. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed upon formation (1 Thuringian Regiment), the division became, in theory, 
a Hessian Division. The Alsace-Lorrainers were very numerous during its stay on 
the Russian front, whence the desertions en masse from the 224th Infantry Regiment 
in the summer of 1915. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

At the end of June, 1917, the 48th Reserve Division, coming from the Russian front, 
went into line at Hill 304, after a month's rest near Stenay. But as the men were not 
accustomed to the activity of the western front and were unable to sustain artillery 
fire for a long time, they could only be kept in this sector for a few days. 

During the French attack of August 20 the 48th Reserve Division played only a 
passive role. 

The 48th Reserve Division must be classed among the mediocre divisions (Decem- 
ber, 1917). 

1918. 

1. About March 1 the division was relieved by the 22d Reserve Division and went 
into reserve in Alsace. It left that sector about April 1 and came into line on the 14th 
southwest of Vieux Berquin. It was engaged in that locality until its relief on the 
night of May 26-27 by the 32d Division. 

Vieux Beequin. 

2. The division rested in the Lille area until June 28, when it returned to its former 
sector at Vieux Berquin. Its stay here was short. On July 3 it was relieved by the 
39th Division and entrained at Laventie the next day for Douai. 

125651°— 20 31 



482 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

SCARPE. 

3. On the night of July 6-7 the division relieved the 187th Division southwest of 
Gavrelle. Throughout August and September the division held this sector. It was 
relieved north of the Scarpe on the night of October 5-6 and moved south. 

4. The division was used to reenforce the Cambrai-St. Quentin front near Cambrai 
on October 7. Thereafter almost until the day of the armistice the division was 
engaged in opposing the British advance. The direction of its retreat was through 
Awoingt (10th), Saulzoir (13th), Montrecoiu-t (14th), north of Haussy (17th), Vendegies 
(24th), Maresches (Nov. 1), Jenlain (4th). The division received drafts from the 
dissolved 118th Reserve Regiment (25th Reserve Division) in late October. It was 
withdrawn from line about November 5. ' 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. In 1918 it was engaged entirely in de- 
fensive sectors and performed with credit. 



exit Ard I)9V9il9. 



DIVISIONS GF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 483 








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484 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(38tli Landsturm: Brandenburg and Alsace. 40tli Landsturm: Prussian Saxony, West- 
phalia and the Rhine Province. 47th Landsturm: Hesse and Thuringia.) 

I9I7. 
Lorraine. 

1. The 48th Landwehr Division appears to have been formed on the Lorraine front 
in September, 1917, by the grouping of three new regiments — the 38th Landsturm, 
the 39th Landsturm (Wurttemberg), and the 47th Landsturm— the elements of which 
had previously been employed behind the front or in calm sectors. 

2. In September, 1917, the 48th Landwehr Division occupied the sector of Avri- 
court (Leintrey-Gondrexon, EmbermenU). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 48th Landwehr Division is composed of troops of mediocre value. 

The average age of the men is 40 years. A certain number of young soldiers of the 
1918 class are to be found in most of the units. Sent into these Landsturm divisions 
because of their reduced physical fitness, they left them for active or reserve units as 
soon as they became hardened. 

There is a divisional assault company which has never shown any offensive activity 

(July, 1918). 

1918. 

1. The division continued to, hold the Delme sector until the armistice. Nothing 
occurred to disturb the tranquility of that part of the front. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. The average age of its effectives was near 
40 years. At no time did the division take part in any fighting. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN M^AR. 485 



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HISTORY. 

(4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony and part of Thuringia.) 

1914. 
East Prussia. 

1. The 49th Reserve DiA'-ision, forming the 25th Reserve Corps with the 50th Reserve 
Division, was formed between August and October, 1914, trained at the Warthe Camp, 
and sent to East Prussia on October 14, 1914, as a part of the 8th Army (Von Hinden- 
burg). 

Poland. 

2. It took part in the offensive in Poland between the Vistula and the Warta at the 
end of October, escaped from the enveloping movement attempted by the Russians 
before Lodz (Nov. 25), and fought on the front of the Bzura, Rawka, Bolimow, where 
it was repulsed in December. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1. At the beginning of January, 1915, the 49th Reserve Division was again engaged 
on the Bzura and remained in this area until the summer of the same year. In June 
it transferred the 227th Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 107th Division, a new 
formation. 

2. Advancing in August with the Hindenburg offensive, it entered Warsaw on 
August 7, took part in the pursuit of the Russians in the sector of Slderniewicz, and 
stopped near Baranovitchi (Tsirin). 

1916. 

1. The 49th Reserve Division was still occupying the sector north of Baranovitchi 
when the Russian offensive broke out in this region in July, 1916. At this time 
elements of the division were sent to reenforce the 35th Austrian Division between 
Baranovitchi and the north of Pripet. This latter division was relieved a short 
time afterwards by the 49th Reserve Division. 

Galicia. 

2. Sent into Galicia, the division held the lines southwest of Brody at the beginning 
of October. At this time the 225th Reserve Infantry Regiment was sent to Roumania. 

Carpathians. 

3. Made up only of the 226th and 228th Reserve Infantry Regiments, the 49th Reserve 
Division opposed the Russians on the Narajowka, then, at the beginning of December 
and until January, 1917, fought in the Carpathians in the vicinity of Worochta. 

1917. 
Roumania. 

1. In January, 1917, the 49th Reserve Division rejoined the 225th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment (Roumania) in the valley of Uz. 

2. In the middle of January it was transferred to the Western Front. (Itinerary: 
Szekely-Udvarhely - Goborin - Budapest - Oderberg - Oppeln - Breslau - Goerlitz- 
Dresden-Leipzig-Halle-Liege-Mons-St. Ghislain, detraining on Jan. 22.) 

France. 

3. After a rest of two months in the vicinity of Mens, then in the vicinity of Lille, 
the 49th Reserve Division went into line east of Armentieres, south of Frelinghien 
on March 20. 

Aetois. 

4. Relieved at the end of April, it Y/as engaged almost at once in the sector of Fon- 
taine les Croisilles, Bullecourt (southeast of Arras), where it suffered very heavily 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 487 

from May 1 to May 21 . On June 16, after reorganization, the ranks of the 228th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment contained more than two-fifths new recruits; more than one-fifth 
of the men belonged to the 1918 class. 

Flanders. 

5. Sent to rest and to be reorganized during the month of June in the vicinity of 
Tournai-Audenarde, it went into line at the end of June in the sector of Steenstraat- 
Bixschoote (north of Ypres), and suffered heavy losses during the artillery preparation 
which preceded the Franco-British attack of July 21. On July 28 it was withdrawn 
from the front before the attack. 

Artois. 

6. The 49th Reserve Division rested and was reorganized in the month of August 
between Lille and Tournai, and in September took over its old Artois sectot (Croisilles- 
Bullecourt), from which place it was relieved at the end of October. 

7. After occupying the sector south of the Ypres-Menin road until November 21, it 
went into action about November 26 in the same sector of Croisilles-Bullecourt 
(Cambrai attack). 

8. At the end of December, the 49th Reserve Division was resting in the Tourcoing 
area. 

RECRUITING. 

Formed at the beginning by contingents from the 5th and 6th Corps Districts (Posen 
and Silesia) the Division, beginning with the summer of 1915, received most of its 
reenforcements from the 4th Corps District. At the present time it is entirely Saxo- 
Thuringian. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 49th Reserve Division is considered a good division. 

It fought well in Artois in May 1917. North of Ypres it suffered heavily by the 
Franco-British bombardment at the end of July, 1917. It is to be noted that under 
artillery fire units in the first line scattered and fled. The remnants of the advanced 
elements deserted (30 men). 

On July 25, 1917, the 226th Reserve Infantry Regiment received replacements of 
500 to 700 men, principally of the 1918 class. 

1918. 
Messines. 

1. About April 6 the division temporarily withdrew to reserve. It returned on the 
11th and carried out a divisional attack on Messines. It was engaged until about 
April 25. 

Ypres. 

2. Two days later the division relieved the 13th Reserve Division south of Ypres, 
which in turn relieved it about May 2. It remained in rear of the front while resting 
and was engaged east of Bixschoote on May 10. Here the division remained until 
June 14, when the 29th Division relieved it. The division rested in the Bruges area 
until July 10, when it returned to its former sector northeast of Ypres. It held this 
sector until about August 27, when the 11th Bavarian Di\'ision relieved it. 

3. The division entrained at Hooglede August 27 and traveled to Courtrai, where it 
halted one day. On August 28 it moved to Iwuy, from where it marched to Lallaing 
(near Douai) two days later. On September 1 the division came into line near Fremi- 
court. It was engaged until about September 16. 

SCARPB-SOMME. 

4. The division rested in the Cambrai area until September 27, where it was identi- 
fied in line west of Gaincourt. It again retired from the front about October 1 and 



488 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARjkY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

rested in the Eswars area. On the Scarpe-Somme front in September the division lost 
1,100 prisoners. 

5. On the night of October 11-12 the division was again in line at Courcelles les Lens. 
After holding this rather quiet sector for a week the division moved north and on 
October 29 appeared on the Ypres front at Anseghem in relief of the 7th Cavalry 
Division. It continued in line until the armistice. The last identification was west 
of Audenarde on November 2. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used as a holding division in 
important sectors on the British front during 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 489 





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490 DIVISIONS or German army which participated if war. 

HISTORY. 

(7th Corps District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The 50th Division (one of the new divisions in the 50 to 58 series) was formed in 
March, 1915, by taking three regiments from the thi-ee divisions of the 7th Corps and 
7th Reserve Corps (the 13th Division giving the 158th Infantry, the 14th Division 
the 53d, and the 14th Reserve Division the 39th Fnsileer Division), all Westphalian 
Regiments. 

1. At the end of March, 1915, the 158th and 53d Infantry Regiments were identi- 
fied at Hirson (Aisne), while the 39th Fusileer Regiment was still between Perthes 
and Tahure. In April the division was concentrated and was identified in Cham- 
pagne, May 14 (area south of Somme-Py). 

Champagne. 

2. From June to October it occupied the sector of Tahure (north of Perthes and 
Mesnil les Hurlus). It there imderwent the French offensive of the end of Septem- 
ber, which caused it very heavy losses — ^infantry, 130 officers and 7,849 men casual- 
ties; the 100th Company of Pioneers lost 5 officers and 135 men. 

3. Sent to rest and reorganized in the vicinity of Vouziers and of Jimiville (end of 
October to the end of November), it reappeared on November 7 north of Prosnea 
(east of Reims). 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1. In April, 1916, the division left the sector of Prosnes-Prunay, for the front north- 
east of Verdim (Ornes). 

Verdun-Vaux . 

2. Going into action, at the beginning of May, north of Vaux, it took part in the 
attacks laimched upon the line Caillette wood-Damloup (June 1 to June 3), which 
ended in the capture of the fort of Vaux by the 158th Infantry Regiment on June 4. 

3. Very much exhausted by these battles, the division was sent to rest and reor- 
ganized in the vicinity of Etain in June and July. 

4. In July elements of the division occupied the calm sectors of the Woevre. 

5. At the end of July the 50th Division went back into line at Verdun, south of the 
fort of Vaux. It launched an attack on August 1 (La Laufee), underwent the French 
offensives of August 8 and October 24, suffering heavy losses, and held this sector 
until November. 

Argonne. 

6. Sent to the Argonne, it took over the sector of Vauquois. 

1917. 

1. Withdrawn from the Argonne on February 15, 1917, the division remained at 
rest in the area of Saulces-Champenoise until the end of March, then in- the camp at 
Sissonne, then at Thenailles, near Vervins (beginning of April). 

Aisne. 

2. Concentrated on April 8, it went into action on the .15th at Juvincourt and there 
underwent the French attack of April 15. After heavy losses it was relieved between 
April 29-April 27 and went for reorganization to Nizy le Comte, near the Sissonne 
Camp. 

Chemin des Dames. 

3. About May 10, the division went back into line east of Ailment on the Chemin 
des Dames. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 491 

4. It was sent to rest in July in the vicinity of Mons en Laonnois, Coney les Eppes, 
Parfondru. 

5. At the beginning of August, it came back to the Chemin des Dames (vicinity of 
Ailles), where, on October 15, the 9th Company of the 158th Infantry Eegiment 
was reduced to 50 men, including officers (letter). Following the French offensive 
upon La Malmaison, the 50th Division retired on November 1, to the north of the 
Ailetjte toward Neuville (outside of Chamomile) and was still occupying this sector 
in December. 

RECRUITING. 

upon its formation the division was composed of Westphalian troops. The recruit- 
ing is still almost exclusively Westphalian. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Since the battle of Vaux in June, 1916, the division likes to consider itself a shock 
division. 

Its prolonged stay on the Ailette front (August to December) seems to mean that 
it had to be put at rest for a fairly long time before being engaged in an active sector. 

It must be regarded as a good division, capable of putting up a vigorous defense 
(December). 

1918. 

1. The 50th Division was withdrawn from line near Ailles (west of Craonne) on 
January 9, the neighboring divisions extending their fronts, and moved by easy 
stages to the Chimay area, where it arrived on the 14th. It remained here for a month 
during which time it was thoroughly trained in open warfare and brought up to 
strength. It then moved to the La Capelle-Fontenelle area for rest and further 
training. 

St. Quentin. 

2. The middle of March the division moved up to the front, and on the 21st attacked 
in the front line southwest of St. Quentin ; it captured Holnon during the day, Etreillers 
on the 22d, Hangest en Santerre on the 29th, and reached Moreuil on the 30th. It 
was withdrawn about April 1, after having suffered severely heavy losses, and went 
to rest, refit, and train in the Lassigny region. 

AlSNE. 

3. On May 27, the division attacked near Craonne, reached Pontavert toward 
noon and crossed the Aisne. The following day it crossed the Vesle west of Breuil 
sur Vesle and continued to the south, where a French counterattack was repelled. 
On the 30th it reached Goussancourt, and then the Marne east of Dormans. After 
having suffered severe losses, it was relieved by the 28th Reserve Division during 
the night of June 12-13, and went to rest in the Laon region. 

Rheims. 

4. On the 19th of July the division was thrown into line just southwest of Rheims 
to meet the Allies' tightening at the bases of the Chateau-Thierry salient. It was 
withdrawn early in August. 

5. About the 30th of September it came back into line northwest of Rheims, near 
Prouilly and Cormicy. It remained here, and was driven back — fighting stubbornly — 
passing near Brimont, Guignicourt, and Banogne, where it was withdrawn on the 
7th of November. 

Meuse. 

6. After a day's rest, the division was put back into line on the 8th near Meziferes; 
it had not been withdrawn when the armistice was signed. 



492 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 50th is rated as a first-class division. It distinguished itself in the fighting 
during 1918. After the Somme offensive, it was praised by Prof. Wegener in the 
Koelnische Zeitung. Immediately after the battle of the Aisne Maj. Fritsch, in 
command of the 158th Regiment, was awarded Pour le Merite. After the Allied 
counteroffensive, Lieut. Gen. v. Engelhuhten, the division commander, was decorated 
and made governor of Riga, and the commander of the 53d Regiment was also dec- 
orated. The 58th Regiment was mentioned as having particularly distinguished 
itself in the fighting near Banogne in the German communique of October 30. Losses 
suffered throughout the year were enormous, but the High Command did all in its 
power to make these good. There are no desertions of record since July 1, 1917. 
The morale was very good, everything being taken into consideration. 



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HISTORY. 

(10th Corps District — Hanover and Brunswick.) 

1914. 

1. The 50th Reserve Division (belonging to the 1st series of divisions created 
between August and October, 1914), .formed a part of the 25th Reserve Corps with the 
49th Reserve Division. It received its training, at the time of its formation, in the 
Alten-Grabow Camp in the 4th Corps District. 

Poland. 

2. In the middle of October the 50th Reserve Division and the 49th Reserve Divi- 
sion belonged to the 8th Army (Von Hindenburg) and took part in the second German 
offensive in Poland (battles between the Vistula and the Warta in October, Lodz in 
November, on the Bzura-Rawka front in December). 

Since November the 25th Reserve Corps has belonged to the 9th Army. 

1915. 

1. Engaged in the operations along the Bziua (region of Bolimow) dming the winter 
and spring of 1915, the 50th Reserve Division took part in the summer offensive of 
Von Hindenbm'g and pursued the Russians to the vicinity of Baranovitchi. In June 
it transferred the 232d Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 107th Division, a new 
formation. 

2. In September the 25th Reserve Corps was dissolved — ^the 49th Reserve Division 
remained in Russia, the 50th Reserved Division was transferred to the Western Front. 
The division entrained at Kovno on October 7. (Itinerary: Koenigsberg-Marienburg- 
Stettin-Hamburg-Bremen-Osnabrueck-Muenster-Aix la Chapelle-Namm-Givet.) It 
detrained at Rethel October 13-14. 

France-Champagne . 

3. On October 16 the 50th Reserve Division was sent to Champagne. It cooperated 
in the gas attack of October 27 in the vicinity of Rheims and remained in line until 
December 19. 

Artois. 

4. Entraining at Witry les Rheims for Douai on December 21, it took over the sector 
RoclincoTU't, east of Neuville-St. Vaast. 

1916. 

1. Having lost heavily at Neuville-St. Vaast, the 50th Reserve Division was with- 
drawn from from this sector in March, 1916, and south of Armentiferes (Grenier wood), 
from April to September. It rested in this calm sector. 

SOMME. 

2. About December 16 the di\ision was relieved and went into action on the Somme 
(Martinpuich-Flers), from September 20 to 28. It suffered very heavily there. 

3. From October 6 to November 11 it occupied the sector south of the canal of 
La Bass6e (northeast of Vermelles). 

4. The division retm-ned to the Somme, on both banks of the Ancre (near Mirau- 
mont, Grandcourt), about November 20, and remained in this active sector until 
December 22. 

5. At the end of December it went to rest in the vicinity of Valenciennes. 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the elements of the 50th Reserve Division were in reserve 
at Achiet le Petit. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 495 

SOMME. 

2. At the end of January the 50th Reserve Division came back into line north 
of the Ancre (Beaumont-Hamel); it lost heavily there (200 prisoners) on February 11. 

3. Withdrawn from the Somme front at the beginning of March, it went into line 
east of Transloy (south of Bapamne) on March 13. It withdrew to the Hindenburg 
Line, near Metz en Couture (southwest of Oambrai), and remained there from the end 
of March to April 18. 

Artois. 

4. After a rest in the vicinity of Douai until the middle of May, the division took 
over the sector of Oppy-Gavrelle, northeast of Arras, where it did not take part in 
any important action (May 18 to June 10). 

Flanders. 

5. Transferred to the Ypres front about June 11, in anticipation of the British 
attack, it was kept in reserve in the vicinity of Roulers until July 24. 

6. On July 31 the 50th Reserve Division went into action in St. Julien and suffered 
heavy losses while fighting for the possession of the village (Aug. 1-2). 

7. Relieved on August 10 it was sent to rest in the vicinty of Mons and went back 
into line on September 20, was engaged on the 26th in the vicinity of Gheluvelt, and 
left the Ypres front on October 3, after serious losses — the 1st Company of the 231st 
Reserve Infantry Regiment was reduced to 15 men after September 21, the 6th Com- 
pany to 28. (British Summary of Information, Oct. 24.) 

Lille. 

8. At the end of October it took over a sector in the vicinity of Lille (Fromelles) 
(xmtil the middle of December). 

Cambrai. 

9. It then occupied the lines before Cambrai south of Marcoing and Masni^res 
(Dec. 21-Jan. 31, 1918). 

RECRUITING. 

At the beginning the 50th Reserve Division was composed of drafts from Silesia and 
Prussian Saxony, but after the end of 1915 it received most of its replacements from 
the 10th Corps District. The 229th Reserve Infantry Regiment is from Brunswick; 
the two others from Hanover. In certain documents we find the division designated 
as "troops from lower Saxony." 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 50th Reserve Division took part in a great number of battles. 
Its morale was shaken by the heavy losses which it suffered; it has improved very 
much. 
The division fought comparatively well at Ypres. 

1918. 

1. The 50th Reserve Division was withdrawn from line south of Marcoing on the 
31st of January, the neighboring divisions extending their fronts, and went to the 
area east of Cambrai, where it received training in open warfare. 

PiCARDT. 

2. On the 13th of March the division marched from Cagnoncles via Carnieres and 
Cattenieres to Esnes, and on the 17th proceeded to Villers Outreaux. On the 20th 
it came into Line southwest of Cambrai and took part in the attack of the 21st. The divi- 
sion suffered very heavy losses and was relieved by the 9th Reserve Division on the 
22d, going to rest at Lieramont (northeast of Peronjie). 



496 DIVISIONS OF GERMAIN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

3. On the 23d the division followed up the advance behind the 9th Reserve Divi- 
sion via St. Pierre- Vaast wood (24th), Rancourt-Combles (25th), Montauban (26th), 
Fricourt (27th), and on the following day went into line southwest of Albert, carrying 
out an unsuccessful attack. In another attack against the ridge west of Dernancourt 
on April 5 the division was beaten back with heavy losses. It was relieved on the 
9th and went to rest at Maricourt. 

4. During the night of April 17-18 it relieved the 18th Division near Morlancourt 
(south of Albert). It was relieved by the 199th Division early in May and went to 
rest and refit in the Solesmes area. 

5. On the 24th of May it traveled by rail to Montauban (south of Albert), marched 
Ada Maricourt to Carnoy the following day, and came into line during' the night of 
May 27th-2Sth south of Albert. It was relieved by the 54th Reserve Division on 
June 28 and went to rest near Cambrai. 

SOISSONS. 

6. On the 19th of July the division entrained at Le Gateau and traveled via St. 
Quentin to Chauny, where it was loaded on trucks and sent to the Foret de Pinon. 
On the 28th it relieved the 20th Division near Buzancy (south of Soissons). Here it 
was gradually forced to retire toward the northeast, was finally withdrawn to the north 
of Braine about the 20th of August, and went to the region between Laval and Laon. 

7. The presence of elements of the 231st Reserve Regiment was reported the 4th of 
September west of Vauxaillon, and on the 6th to the south of Neuvllle sous Margival, 
the rest of the regiment being in the Urcel-Laval region. 

8. On September 14 the whqle division went back into line east of Soissons near 
the Mennejean Farm. This was surrounded by the French on the 15th. The follow- 
ing day Sancy fell to them, too. The same day the plateau to the east and northeast 
of the Mennejean Farm was captured. On the 18th the division lost still more ground 
and prisoners; it was withdrawn on the 21st and went to rest near St. Pierre a Arnes 
(south of Machault). 

Rheims. 

9. On the 2d of October the division came back into line northeast of Rheims, 
near Betheny, and went through very heavy fighting. It was still in line on Novem- 
ber 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

On October 11 the following was written: "The diAdsion did fairly well in its recent 
encounters, the men, though lacking in enthusiasm, seeming possessed by a dogged 
determination to do what they conceived to be their duty. The morale, which was 
good, has been very much lowered by recent losses. ' ' That this statement is erroneous 
seenrs to be proved by the fact that the German communiques of October 22, Novem- 
ber 1 and 2, say that the division "had shown particular merit in the recent fighting, 
retook their position in counterattack and repulsed hostile attacks," "bore the brunt 
of the fighting * * * without showing signs of weariness," and "again maintained 
their positions against heavy attacks." Therefore, although the division suffered 
heavy fosses, especially in the spring, it is still to be considered as second class. 



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498 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(11th Corps District — Electorate of Hesse and Thuringia.) 

1914. 

Flanders. 

1. The 51st Reserve Division (of the series of divisions created between August 
and October, 1914), forming the 26th Reserve Corps with the 52d Reserve Division, 
went into action northeast of Ypres in the middle of October. It fought on the line 
Cortemarck-Moorslede on the 22d, reached Langemarck on the 24th, and finally 
took up its position near Poelcappelle. 

1915. 
Ypres. 

1. The division remained in the area northeast of Ypres (Poelcappelle, Langemarck, 
St. Julien) during the entire year of 1915, and until September, 1916. In September, 
1916, it transferred the 233d Reserve Infantry Regiment to the 195th Division, a 
new forma!tion, in consequence of the Russian advance in Galicia. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. On September 16, 1916, the 51st Reserve Division was relieved from the sector 
of Wieltje (north of the Ypres-Zonnebeke road) and transferred to the Somme. It 
went into action between Combles and Morval about December 18 and suffered very 
heavy losses from the British attack of the 26th. 

Champagne. 

2. After occupying the Lille front (Neuve Chapelle) for a few days, the division 
was sent to Champagne at the beginning of October. 

It took over the sector of Tahvire-Rouvroy (south of Ripont) in the middle of 
October. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1. The 51st Reserve Division remained on the Massiges front until the middle of 
May, 1917, with a short rest at the end of February. 

2. It was engaged in the attacks on Maisons de Champagne in March, and suffered 
quite heavily. 

3. In the middle of May it went into line near Nauroy and Moronvilliers (Casque- 
Mont Haut), where it lost heavily. 

4. Withdrawn from the front about June 8, it returned, after a short rest in the 
vicinity of Marbaux, to the sector east of Tahure (June 22- Aug. 10). 

Meuse. 

5. Brought back to the right bank of the Meuse, after a rest in the vicinity of Sedan- 
Montmedy, the division occupied the sector of Samogneux-Hill 344, about August 
22, and lost heavily (French attack of Aug. 25, German attack of Sept. 9). 
Champagne. 

6. It was relieved about September 12 and sent to rest behind the Champagne 
front. 

recruiting. 

Mixed at the time of its formation, the division is actually recruited in the 11th 
Corps District (Electorate of Hesse and Thuringia), and is so designated in various 
documents. Beginning with March 13, 1917, it has received young men of the 1918 
class who have less than four months' training (236th Reserve Infantry Regiment). 

value — -1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 51st Reserve Division was good at the beginning of the war, but now appeara 
mediocre. 

Health conditions seem to be poor (August, 1917). . 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 499 

1918. 

Champagne. 

1. The 51st Reserve Division remained in the Vouziers being trained until about 
the 20th of January, when it relieved the 52d Division near the Butte du Mesnil. It 
was relieved early in March and went to the Vouziers-Rethel area, where it received 
some more training in open warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2. On the 20th it entrained, and arrived at Etreux (north of Guise) the following 
day. From there it marched \da St. Quentin-Ham-Roye-Faverolles to Montdidier, 
where it arrived on the 30th. The following day it reenforced the front near Ayencoin-t 
(south of Montdidier), relieving the 9th Division. It Tvas relieved by the 2d Division 
diuring the night of the lst-2d of May and went to rest in the Chimay area. 

AlSNE. 

3. On the 30th of May the dixdsion, thoroughly rested and brought up to strength, 
reenforced the battle front near Vauxbuin (southwest of Soissons). Here it became 
heavily engaged and suffered severe losses, especially the first two days. It was 
relieved near Cutry (southwest of Soissons) on Jime 16, and went to rest near Oulchy 
le Chateau. 

4. During the night of July 19-20, the division reenforced the front near Blanzy 
(south of Soissons). Here it became heavily engaged. It was forced back by the 
Allied coimteroffensive, and was withdrawn from line south of Braine early in 
August. It went to rest near Marie. 

Champagne. 

5. On September 28 the division entered line near Somme-Py (north of Suippes). 
Here it was badly handled and had to be withdrawn on the 4th of October, when it 
had been driven back to St. Etienne a Ty. It then rested for a day or two near 
Vouziers. 

OlSE. 

6. On the 6th it entrained at Vouziers and Vrizy and arrived at La Ferte-Chevre- 
sis two days later. It was then put on trucks and moved up to the front, taking over 
the Bernot-Origny sector (east of St. Quentin) on the 8th. It was withdrawn about 
the 15th. 

Champagne. 

7. After having rested a fortnight between the Oise and the Aisne, the division 
entered line east of Rethel on the 31st, remaining in line until the signing of the 
armistice. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 51st Reserve is to be considered a good second-class division. It did not 
distinguish itself by any brilliant fighting, but it did acquit itself in the battles of the 
Somme and the Aisne and during the Allied counteroffensive. It suffered exceed- 
ingly heavy losses, but these were in large m^fisure made good by drafts of 1919 class 
recruits. 



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502 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(14th Corps District — Grand Duchy of Baden.) 

1915. 

The 52d Division (of the even 50 to 58 series) was formed in March, 1915, by taking 
the 169th and 170th Infantry Regiments from the 29th Division (14th Army Corps, 
Baden), and the 66th Landwehr Regiment from the 7th Division (4th Army Corps). 
On April 6, 1917, the last-named regiment was replaced by the 111th Infantry Regi- 
ment (the 4th Regiment of the 28th Division, also from Baden). 

Artois. 

1. In April, 1915, the 52d Division was in line south of Arras (Monchy aux Boie, 
Hebuterne). It occupied this sector until September, 1916. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. During the Franco-English offensive on the Somme the 52d Division bore to the 
south and held the sector Hebuterne, Beaumont-Hamel, north of Thiepval (Septem- 
ber-November, 1916). 

2. On November 26 the division was withdrawn from the front and sent to rest in 
the vicinity of Bouchain (December). 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1. On January 13, 1917, the 52d Division was sent to Alsace (northwest of Bale). 

2. About the middle of January it took over the sector of Altkirch (Carspach- 
Hirtzbach), which it held until the end of March. 

3. After a few days at rest (at the beginning of April) in the Grand Duchy of Baden 
south of Muellheim, it entrained on April 16 north of Bale and was transferred to 
the Aisne, already including men of the 1918 class in its ranks. 

AlSNE. 

4. On April 21 it went into line south of Juvincourt. It occupied this sector until 
July 10, with a period of rest from June 1 to 15. 

Californie Plateau. 

5. About July 24 it went back into line on the Californie Plateau, where it launched 
an attack on September 14. 

6. Sent into rest in the vicinity of Sissoiine about the end of September, it appeared 
in the vicinity of Pinon about the middle of October, where it went into action and 
lost heavily on the 23d. 

Champagne. 

7. After a rest in the vicinity of Chimay (beginning of November), it went into line 
on the Champagne front (Butte du Mesnil-Maisons de Champagne); it remained there 
until December 15. 

8. From December 15 until January, 1918, it was at rest in the vicinity of Vouziers. 

RECRUITING. 

Since April, 1917, the 52d Division has been almost purely Badensian. Besides 
the Badensians, who form almost all of the drafts, we find men from the neighboring 
districts of the Empire (Rhine Province, Hesse- Nassau). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In general the morale of the 52d Division has appeared rather high. In the sector 
of Juvincourt (April to July, 1917) the troops of the division showed nerve and dash 
in the course of the local operations in which they took part. 

The division had few losses until the month of September. 

However, it lost heavily on October 23 (the battle of La Malmaieon), especially 
the 170th Infantry Regiment. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 503 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1. The 52d Division, which had been resting near Vouziers since December 15, 
relieved the 52d Reserve Division near Tahure (northeast of Suippes) on the 10th of 
January. During the time the division held this sector the elements not actually 
in the front line were being trained in open warfare. Early in March it was relieved 
by the 52d Reserve Division and went to the Vouziers area, where it received still 
more intensive training in the war of movement. 

PiCARDY. 

2. The division entrained near Vouziers on the 22d of March, and detrained on 
the following day near Bohain. On the 24th it left and marched via Fresnoy le Grand- 
Holnon wood (26th)-Bethenicourt (27th)-Etalon-Liancourt-Fosse to Fresnoy les 
Roye. It relieved the 28th Division near Hangest en Santerre (northwest of Mont- 
didier) on the 28th. It was relieved by the 76th Reserve Division on the 14th of April 
and went to rest in the Sedan area 

AlSNE. 

3. Here it was thoroughly reconstituted. It entrained on the 22d of May, arriving 
at La Malmaieon (southeast of Laon) the same day. On the 26th it went into line near 
Juvincourt (east of Craonne), and took part in the initial attack on the following day. 
It crossed the Aisne between Pontavert and Gernicourt; proceeding via Bouvancourt 
and Guyancourt, it crossed the Vesle at Jonquery on the 28th, reached Faverolles 
on the 29th, Olizy on the 31st, and the Marne, in the region of Verneuil, on June 2. 
The division was at first ordered to ci;oss the same day, but the order was subsequently 
rescinded. It was withdrawn, after having suffered severely, about the 10th, and 
was reported to be at rest in the Sedan area on the 15th. On the 20th it was reported 
in reserve in the Tournai region. 

Lens. 

4. During the night of July 12-13 it relieved the 119th Division in the Avion 
sector (south of Lens). It was relieved about the 5th of August by the extension of 
fronts of flanking divisions. 

Armentieres. 

5. During the night of the 6th-7th it relieved the 207th Division near Vieux Berquin 
(south'west of Bailleul), the 207th Division taking over the sector just vacated by the 
52d Division. On the 17th it was withdrawn, the neighboring divisions extending 
their fronts. 

Bapaume. 

6. Five days later it reenforced the battle front near Miraumont (west of Bapaume). 
It was withdrawn about the 4th of September, after having lost over 1,300 prisoners, 
and went to rest in the Courtrai area. Here the battalions were reduced to .three 
companies, the strength of which was further made up by drafts of the 29th Ersatz 
Regiment (223d Division disbanded). 

Argonne. 

7. On September 28 the division reenforced the front near Exermont (southeast of 
Grandpre). In the heavy fighting that followed the division was driven back to 
Landres et St. Georges, where it was withdrawn about the 14th of October after having 
suffered heavy losses (almost 600 in prisoners alone) . 

8. During the night of October 31-November 1 the division, which had received 
large numbers of replacements during its two weeks' rest, relieved the 41st Division 
east of Busancy (north of Grandpre). It was still in line on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The 52d is rated as one of the best German divisions. It was in a great deal of heavy 
fighting during 1918 (as in preceding years) and acquitted itself most creditably: 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 505 

HISTORY. 

(8th Corps District— Rhine Province.) 

1914. 
Flanders. 

1. The 52cl Reserve Division (belonging to the 26th Reserve Corps with the 51st 
Reserve Division), formed between August and October, 1914, was trained at the Senne 
Camp and entrained for Belgium on October 12. 

The division was engaged in the first battle of the Ypres about October 22. 

It fought in October and November in the \T.cinity of Langemarck-Passachendaele 
and suffered heavy losses. Between October 18 and 28, the 240th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment listed casualties of 28 officers and 1,360 men. (Official List of Casualties.) 

1915. 
.Ypres. 

1. The division remained on the front north of Ypres (Pilckem, St. Julien, Zonne- 
beke) during the year 1915 and until the month of September, 1916. Certain of its 
regiments lost very heavily in April and May — 25 officers and 1,268 men casulaties in 
the 240th Reserve Infantry Regiment. (Official List of Casulaties.) 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1. About September 14, 1916, it was transferred to the Somme minus the 237th 
Reserve Infantry Regiment, sent to Galicia for the formation of the 199th Division. 

It was engaged in the Lesboeufs sector (Sept. 16-29) and lost very heavily in the 
British attack of the 26th. 

Champagne. 

2. Sent to Champagne, it went into line at the Butte de Souain on October 6, then 
on November 6 entered St. Marie a Py and the vicinity of Tahure. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1. The 52d Reserve Division occupied the Tahure front south of Rouvroy until April 
20, 1917. It suffered losses at Maisons de Champagne, at the end of March, which 
caused hasty replacements of the 1918 class with only four months' training to be sent. 

Sapigneul. 

2. Relieved between April 15 and 20, it went to the vicinity of Rethel and passed 
in review at Asf eld on May 3 ; went into line on the 5th southeast of Berry au Bac and 
underwent the French attack of the 7th south of Sapigneul. (The 239th Reserve 
Division had 107 prisoners taken.) On May 31 it again lost heavily while attacking 
Hill 108. 

Ypres. 

3. The division was withdrawn from the Aisne front at the beginning of July and 
transferred to Belgium. It went into action on the Ypres-Menin road on the 31st, the 

*day of the British offensive, and lost heavily. The attacks of August 10 again caused 
serious losses — the remnants of the 1st Battalion of the 238th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment formed only two companies at the time of their relief. (British Summary of 
Information, Aug. 11.) 

Champagne. 

4. About August 11 the 52d Reserve Division left the Belgian front for Champagne, 
where it again took over its own sector east of the Butte de Souain about August 26. 
It remained there until the end of December. 



506 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

At the time of its formation the 52d Reserve Division was made up of one Bhenish 
Regiment and three from Baden; to-day it is entirely Rhenish. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In May and June, 1917, the 52d Reserve Division held a very difficult sector south 
of Berry au Bac where it apparently lost very heavily. However, it acted like a 
good division. 

During its rest in the vicinity of Vouziers, at the end of January, 1918, it was given 
very intensive training. It was considered as an attack division. (Interrogation of 
prisoners, February, 1918.) 

1918. 
^Ihampagne. 

1. The 52d Reserve Division was relieved by the 52d Division in the Tahure sector 
<^n January 10 and went to the Adcinity of Vouziers, where it was intensively trained 
in open warfare. 

2. Early in March it returned to line and relieved the 52d Division. It was relieved 
on the 23d of April by the 1st Bavarian Division. 

Ypres. 

3. It proceeded to march to Vouziers, where it entrained on the 28th and, traveling 
via Mezi^res-Signy-Hirson-Mons-Tournai, detrained at Mouscron on the 30th. On 
May 4 it marched to Wervicq, and on the following day moved into line via Warne- 
ton and Messines, relieving the 3d Guard Division in the Voormezeele sector (south of 
Ypres). In the fighting before Dickebusch on the 8th heavy losses were suffered. 
It was withdrawn about the 25th, and went to rest near Menin. 

4. During the night of the 13th-14th of June it relieved the 58th Division near 
Locre (south of Ypres). It was relieved on the 1st of July, the flanking divisions 
extending their fronts, and went to rest in the region southwest of Courtrai. 

5. On the 6th of August it came back into line, relieving the 58th Division in the 
ICemmel sector (south of Ypres). It was withdrawn about the 26th. 

Cambrai. 

6. About the 2d of September it reenforced the front in the Bertincourt sector (east 
of Bapaume). After having suffered severe losses in killed and wounded, besides 
losing over 1,000 prisoners, it was relieved by the 6th Division near Havrincourt on 
the 16th. 

COURTKAI. 

7. About the 27th it entered line near Moorslede (southwest of Roulers). It suffered 
severe losses here, and was withdrawn early in October. 

8. On October 14 it relieved the Guard Ersatz Division in the Iseghem sector (north 
of Courtrai). It was heavily engaged here, and was finally withdrawn on the 25th. 
It did not reenter line. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 52d was rated as a second-class division, but it was probably not so good as- 
other divisions similarly rated, for although it was intensively trained for use as a 
shock unit for almost two months in Champagne early in the year it was not used in 
any of the German offensives. It is to be noted, however, that the German commu- 
nique of October 24 said, "Southwest of Deynze the veteran 52d Reserve Division, 
■vrhich has been in battle daily since October 14, repulsed the renewed attacks of the 
enemy along the Deynze- Waregem railway." 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 507 











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508 DIVISIONS of GERMAi^' ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(241st and 242d Reserve Infantry Regiments: 12th Corps District — Saxony. 243d 
Reserve Infantry Regiment: 19th Corps District — Saxony.) 

1914. 

Flanders- Ypres . 

1. The 53d Reserve Division (of the 27th Reserve Corps with the £4th Reserve 
Division), formed between August and October, 1914, were sent to Belgium, and 
detrained on August 14 at Ath. It was engaged, with the divisions of the same series, 
in the battle of Ypres,"against the British Army. Beginning on October 21, it fought 
on the front Poelcappelle-Becelaere; southeast of Gheluvelt on October 29, and near 
the Ypres-Menin road at the time of the great attack of November 11. It suffered 
very hea^^ losses — the 25th Reserve Chasseurs Battalion, already reduced to 225 
men on October 31, had only 73 on November 4 (notebook). On November 25 the 
6th Company of the 241st Reserve Infantry Regiment had only 7 of the men left who 
constituted it upon its departure from Saxony (letter). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1. The division remained in line north of Ypres during the winter of 1914-15, 
alternating with the 54th Reserve Division in the sector Broodseinde-Polygon wood. 

2. It took part in the second battle of Ypres, near Frezenberg and Gravenstafel, 
where it again lost heavily. 

3. In June it occupied the sector of Wytchaete-St. Eloi and returned northeast of 
Ypres (Verlorenhoek) in the middle of July. 

Champagne and Flanders. 

4. At the beginning of October the 105th Reserve Brigade was sent to Champagne 
to reenforce the lines near Tahure. The 106th Reserve Brigade took over the sector 
of the Lys. 

5. In November the division was regrouped and sent to rest in the vicinity of 
Ingelmunster (north of Comtrai). It remained behind the front dming the winter 
of 1915-16 in the vicinity of Roulers. 

1916. 
La Bassee. 

1. At the end of March, 1916, the 53d Reserve Division left Flanders and went 
into line on both banks of the La Bassee Canal. 

Sqmme. 

2. Sent to the Somme at the end of August, it was engaged southeast of Maurepaa 
(Le Forest) at the time of the French attack of September 3, which ended in the capture 
of Le Forest and of Clery. It suffered heavy losses in counterattacking and in with- 
standing the new French offensive of September 13. Between September 6 and 12 
the 241st Reserve Infantry Regiment listed 12 officers and 1,502 men as casualties. 
On September 3 the 244th Reserve Infantry Regiment had lost 400 prisoners. 

Loos. 

3. Relieved on September 14, it was transferred to the Loos front (between Hullucli 
and the Lens-B^thune railroad), from September 21 to October 5. 

Champagne. 

4. On October 9 it was in Champagne, where it occupied the sector of Prosnes, east 
of Rheims. 

GALICLi. 

5. Withdrawn from the Champagne tront, the 53d Reserve Division entrained for 
the Eastern Front on November 17. (Itinerary: Betheniville-Rethel-Sedan-Trfevea- 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 509 

Coblenz-Ems-Oologne-Halle-Cottbus-Liegnitz-Breslau-Cracow-Tarnow-Jaroslaw- 
Przemysl-Lemberg-Roliatyn.) It detrained at Pukow (south of Lemberg) on the 
26th. 

6. It was sent into reserve behind the line of the Narajowka in December. In the 
autumn of 1916 the 244th Reserve Infantry Regiment was transferred to the 215th 
Division; later it was transferred to the 96th Division (Saxon). 

1917. 

1. At the beginning of January, 1917, the 53d Reserve Division went into line at the 
junction of the.Narajowka and the Dniester, and remained in this sector until the 
middle of June without any important engagement. 

2. Relieved and sent to rest in June, it took part in the German counteroffensive 
begun on July 20 and advanced north of the Dniester. It was identified on Atigust 3 
east of Krjivtche. 

3. The division was withdrawn from the front at the end of November and entrained 
for Belgium in the middle of December. 

RECRUITING. 

The 53d Reserve Division is purely Saxon. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 53d Reserve Division spent a year on the Eastern Front (November, 1916, to 
November, 1917). It is of mediocre quality. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Houthulst forest on February 12 and went 
to rest in the Bruges area. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. On March 1-2 it relieYed the 27th Division northeast of Flesquieres. It took 
part in the initial attack on March 21, was withdrawn on the 22d and went to rest near 
Bourlon wood. The division was in General Headquarters reserve and on March 27 
marched via Havrincourt-Ruyanlcourt-Moislains-Bouchavesnes, crossing the Somme 
at Clery, and continued to march via Raincourt to Rosieres en Santerre. The 241st 
Reserve Regiment went into line near Moreuil on the night of April 1-2 and relieved 
the 426th Regiment (88th Division); the 242d Reserve Regiment went into line on 
the night of April 3-4, relieving the 100th Body Grenadier Regiment (23d Division). 
On the morning of April 4 the division attacked in the vicinity of Arriese Cour wood. 
The division at this date was operating under the 18th Gernaan Army. About the 
middle of April it was withdrawn from the Moreuil sector. 

Verdun. 

3. About May 1 the division was resting in rear of the Verdun front. It relieved 
the 84th Division west of Bethincourt in the first week of May. It held that quiet 
sector until the 11th of June, when a tired division took its place and the 53d Reserve 
Division returned to an active front. 

SOISSONS. 

4. The division detrained near Laon on June 14-15, and the next night relieved 
the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division north of Le Port. Here it participated in heavy 
fighting in July and August until its relief about August 10. In this engagement the 
243d Reserve Regiment was reduced to three companies per battalion as a result of 
heavy losses. 



510 DIVISIONS or GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

5. The division was taken to the region in rear of the Argonne front and the process 
of dissolution begun. Before its completion the American offensive in the Argonne 
began and elements of the division were used on the United States front between 
September 29 and October 15. 

According to the available evidence, the 242d Reserve Regiment was drafted to 
the 24th and 58th Divisions, the 241st Regiment to the 23d Division, and the 243d 
Reserve Regiment to the 40th and 58th Divisions. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It participated in the spring Smnme offensive, 
but thereafter did not play an important part in the fighting. The low effective 
strength was directly responsible for the dissolution of the division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 511 



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512 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(84th and 90tli Reserve Infantry Regiments: 9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein 
and Mecklenburg. 27th Reserve Infantry Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prussian 
Saxony.) 

1915. 

1. The 54th Division was formed in March, 1915, by the removal of regiments from 
divisions engaged at this time between the north of Noyon and east of Soissons. 

Two of these regiments, the 84th (18th Division) and the 90th Reserve (18th Reserve 
Division), came from the 9th Corps District (Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg); 
the third regiment, the 27th Reserve (7th Reserve Division) was originally from 
Prussian Saxony (4th Corps District). 
Champagne. 

2. Concentrated in March near Guise, the 54th Division was sent to Champagne in 
the middle of April (vicinity of Perthes), where it remained until July, 1915. 
Russia. 

3. In July it was transferred to Russia. It fought on the Narew (July and August) 
and on the Niemen, southeast of Grodno, in September. 

France-Oise. 

4. Brought back to France at the beginning of October, it went into line on the 
12th on the left bank of the Oise (Quennevi^res-Moulin sous Touvent). 

1916. 

1. Withdrawn from the Oise front in January, 1916, the 54th Division rested in the 
vicinity of La Fere until May. During this time it was occupied in defensive works 
in the vicinity of Soissons-Craonne. 

Verdun. 

2. In May it was transferred to Verdun. It occupied the sector of Hill 304 on May 14. 
8. About September 11 it crossed to the right bank of the Meuse and advanced 

north of Fleury. On October 24 it was dislodged by the French attacks and thrown 
back ■with heavy losses north of Douaumont Fort. It was relieved at the beginning 
of November. 
Lorraine. 

4. Having scarcely made good its losses, it Went back into line on November 5 
north of Flirey en Haye. 

1917. 

1. The division remained in the calm sector of Flirey during the winter of 1916-17. 

AlSNE. 

2. Relieved in the middle of April, 1917, it was sent behind the Champagne front 
(vicinity of Asfeld). On April 21 it reenforced the lines at Berry au Bac. It under- 
went the French attack of May 4, to which it opposed a serious resistance on the 
Juvincourt Ridge, but suffered heavy losses (650 prisoners). 

3. It was withdrawn from the Aisne front on May 10. 
Champagne. 

4. Sent to the east of Rheims, the division occupied the sector south of Somme Py 
from May 15 to July 24. It was filled up there in June by several reenforcements, 
totaling about 2,000 men. 

Ypres. 

5. On July 25 it entrained at Machault (southwest of Vouziers) for Charleville, from 
which place it went to Belgium after a short rest. It was in action east of Ypres from 
August 5 to 19, and suffered new losses during the British attack of August 16. One 
company of the 90th Reserve Infantry Regiment was reduced to one officer and four 
men. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 513 

Cambrai. 

6. Sent back into line at the end of August on the Cambrai front (Havrincourt- 
Villers Plouich), the division again lost very heavily in this sector, principally in the 
course of a tank attack on November 20 (2,789 prisoners). 

Lorraine. 

7. Relieved immediately after this attack, it was sent to rest in Lorraine and reorgan- 
ized. Between August and November the division received more than 3,000 replace- 
ments. (British Summary of Information.) 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed upon its formation (Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg, Prussian Saxony,) 
the 54th Division remained so with a tendency, nevertheless, to make the 90th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment a pure Mecklenburg regiment and to reserve the drafts from the 
rest of the 9th Corps District for the 84th Infantry Regiment. 

In January 1918, the 1919 class did not seem to be represented; the 90th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment had just received replacements made up of men put back in the 
1917 and 1918 classes who entered the service in September, 1917. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 54th Division held the most active sectors on the Western front; it has every- 
where given proof of great energy in its resistance, especially at Cambrai in November, 
1917. However, before the affair of Cambrai rather frequent desertions proved that 
the losses incurred at Ypres had weakened the morale of the troops; besides, the 
replacements received in Lorraine were mostly composed of returned wounded of all 
ages. 

However, the 54th Division tried, during its stay in Lorraine, to amalgamate all these 
elements and to renew their combat value by intensive training and careful instruc- 
tion (March, 1918). 

1918. 
Battle op Picardy. 

The division was relieved in the sector north of Nancy about February 17 by the 48th 
Landwehr Division. It remained in Lorraine in March undergoing training for open 
warfare. It entrained near Dieuze on the 24th and traveled via Metz-Sedan-Charle- 
ville-Mons- Valenciennes to a place about 10 miles east of Douai. The division 
expected to come into line near Arras, but after resting one night at Douai it marched 
off toward Peronne and arrived at Rosieres on April 2. It moved up to the line north 
of Moreuil on the night of April 3-4, taking part in the attack. The division withdrew 
on the night of the 5th-6th. It returned to line south of Thennes on April 10 and 
stayed in about eight days. 

SOMME. 

2. The division rested at Cambrai until the night of May .22-23, when it relieved the 
183d Division near Ville sur Ancre. It was relieved on June 20 by the 107th Division. 
Following its relief, the division rested north of the Somme until August 3, when it was 
engaged near Antheuil. About September 1 the division left its sector near Lassigny 
and relieved the 105th Division northeast of N oyon. Here it was relieved on Septem- 
ber 10. 

Cambrai-St. Quentin. 

3. The division rested 15 days before it entered line northeast of Hargicourt on 
September 25, relieving the 232d Division. It fought in the Le Cateau area until 
October 12, when it retired to reserves in the vicinity of Landrecies. On November 2 
it was reengaged at Ora and continued in line until the armistice. The last identifica- 
tion was at Lemont-Fontaine on the 8th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. In the last year its service was largely on 
the defensive in active sectors. In this capacity it was almost constantly in line. 
125651°— 20 33 



514 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 515 

HISTORY. 

(13th Corps District — ^Wuerttemberg.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1. The 54th Reserve Division, forming the 27th Reserve Corps with the 53d Reserve 
Division, was formed of men from Wiirttemberg,with the addition of one infantry 
regiment and one battalion of chasseurs from Saxony. Trained at the Muensingen 
Camp, it went into action for the first time on October 21, 1914, in, Belgium at the 
battle of Ypres. On October 29, it made an unsuccessful attack south of Gheluvelt; 
going slightly to the north, it took part in the general attack of November 11 in the 
vicinity of Zonnebeke, where it lost very heavily. From October 21 to November 20 
the 248th Reserve Infantry Regiment listed 32 officers and 1,395 men as casualties. 

(Official List of Casualties.) 

1915. 

1. The division remained in Flanders during the entire year of 1915, occupying the 
front Becelaere-Polygon wood, between the Ypres-Menin wood and the Roulers 
railroad. 

2. In April and May it suffered heavy losses during the second battle of Yi:)res 
(Frezenberg, Verlorenhoek, Hooge). 

1916. 

1. At the end of January and beginning of February, 1916, the 54th Reserve Division 
was withdrawn from the Ypres salient, concentrated in the vicinity of Thielt, Ghent, 
and Hasselt and sent for training to the Beverloo Camp (Febriiary-March). 

Artois. 

2. Toward the end of March it took over the sector south of Neuve ChapeJle (north 
of La Bassee) where it did not take part in any important action. 

SOMME. 

3. Relieved at the end of August, it was sent to the Somme (sector of Combles-La 
Forest) and suffered very heavy losses between September 8 and 18. 

Lorraine. 

4. After a short stay in the Loos salient (Vermelles-Hulluch road) at the beginning 
of October the 54th Reserve Division was transferred to Lorraine and sent into line 
in the vicinity of Blamont. 

5. At this time, the 245th Reserve Infantry Regiment (Saxon) was taken from it to 
be assigned to the 192d Division. 

Verdun. 

6. At the end of November the division left Lorraine, was sent during the course 
of December behind the front northwest of Cambrai, then to the Mouse, where it went 
into line on December 22, west of Bezonvaux (Lea Chambrettes), after the French 
attack of December 16. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1. Withdrawn from the Verdun front about January 23, 1917, the 54th Reserve 
Division took over, in Champagne, the sector included between the Navarin Farm 
and the Tahiure Hill. 

2. In March it sent one battalion of the 246th Reserve Infantry Regiment into the 
attacks of Maisons de Champagne on March 27. 

3. At the beginning of May the division went as a reenforcement south of Moron- 
viUiers. It went into action from May 15 to June 10 (T^ton, Mont Haut) and lost 
heavily. 

4. About June 10-15, without any rest, it again took over the sector west of Tahure, 
which it occupied until August 20-25. 



516 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Hill 304. 

5. Suddenly transferred to the Verdun area, the 54th Reserve Division went into 
line on August 24, north of Hill 304; it remained there until October 18. 

Flanders. 

6. Sent to Flanders, it was in the Dixmude sector from October 29 until March 
1918. 

RECKUmNG. 

Mixed at the time of its formation, the 54th Reserve Division became exclusively 
Wurttemberg, by the departure of its Saxon elements. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE, 

Since the number of prisoners of the 54th Reserve Division in Champagne, as in the 
vicinity of Verdun, March to October 1917, was very slight, it has been practically 
impossible to obtain information concerning this division (November 1918). 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division which had been holding the Dixmude sector entrained at Bruges on 
March 14, and detrained at Cambrai on the following day. On March 20 it marched 
to Seranvillers, and a day later proceeded via Ledsain to the high ground west of 
Honnecourt. On the 22d it reached Gouzeaucourt; on the 23d it passed through 
Lechelle, Bus, and Sailly Saillisel; on the 24th it progressed north of Mametz wood, 
being engaged near Rozieres on the 25th and at Ovillers on the 26th. The division 
was relieved on April 4 by the 27th Division after suffering heavy losses at Aveluy. 

SOMME. 

2. The division was in reserve in immediate rear of the front until the night of 
April 10-11, when it relieved the 13th Division at Ville sur Ancre. The division 
held this sector until May 27 and again from June 28 until August 25. It was with- 
drawn in the Mametz area where it had fallen back upon the British attack. 

3. Early in September the division was dissolved. Prisoners stated that the 248th 
Reserve Regiment was drafted to the 27th Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. Its efforts in the Somme offensive were 
unsuccessful. Thereafter the effectives were used up and the division dissolved. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 517 



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518 DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(18tli Corps District — Grand Duchy of Hesse and Hesse Nassau.) 

1915. 

The 56th Division was formed in March, 1915, of surplus regiments — the 35th 
Fusileer Eegiment from the 6th Division (3d Corps District, Brandenburg), the 88th 
and 118th Infantry Regiments from the 21st and 25th Divisions (18th Corps District, 
Hesse Nassau and the Grand Duchy of Hesse). In May, 1917, the 35th Fusileer 
Regiment was replaced by the 186th Infantry Regiment (from the 25th Landwehr 
Division) recruited from Hesse. 
Champagne. 

1. Concentrated in March, 1915, near Vouziers, the 56th Division went to the 
Champagne front, south of Ripont, in April. 

Galicia, 

2. At the beginning of May it was transferred to the Eastern Front. It took part 
in the Galician offensive (battles of Jaroslau, on May 18, and of Rudka, on June 18), 
where it lost heavily. 

France. 

3. In Jime the division was brought back to the Western Front. Entraining at 
Jaroslau on Jvme 28, it detrained in the vicinity of Valenciennes, where it remained 
at rest for a month. 

Lorraine. ♦ 

4. On July 28 the division went to Lorraine and remained as a reserve troop in the 
vicinity of Pfalzburg-Zabern-Schirmeck. 

Champagne. 

5. On September 25 it was sent to Champagne to oppose the French offensive. It 
was engaged in the sector of Maison de Champagne, but was soon retired on accoimt 
of its losses. The infantry had casualties of 107 officers and 5,968 men. (Official 
List of Casualties.) 

6. After reorganization, it went into line north of Massiges and took part in the 
attack of Mont Tetu at the beginning of November. It was relieved in the middle 
of November. 

7. In December it returned to the Champagne front. 

1916. 

Champagne. 

1. The 56th Division occupied the same calm sector south of Rouvroy during the 
entire winter of 1915-16. 

2. Relieved on April 25, 1916, it was sent to rest in the vicinity of Sedan. 
Verdun-Mort Homme. 

3. On May 26-27 it was sent into line on the left bank of the Meuse, at the Mort 
Homme. It received a vigorous attack there on May 31, had heavy losses, and con- 
tinued to hold this sector imtil the middle of July. 

Artois. 

4. After a short rest in the vicinity of Sedan, it went to the Vimy Ridge, in Artois 
(end of July-end of August). 

SOMME. 

5. On August 24-25 it was engaged in the battle of the Somme, in Belleville wood. 
On August 31 it launched a counterattack northeast of the wood. It left the Somme 
on September 9. 

Champagne. 

6. It then took over a quiet sector east of Rheims at Cernay-La Pompelle. In the 
middle of November it returned to the Somme front (Pys) until January 7, 1917. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 519 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the 56tli Division was sent to rest in the vicinity of St. Queutin, 

SOMME-HlNDENBUEG LiNE. 

2. About February 11 it went back into line south of the Somme in the vicinity of 
Biaches, retired at the end of March to the north of St. Quentin, and from there went 
to GouiTieres in the vicinity of the Lens mines. 

Lens. 

3. On April 10 it took over the sector of Lens, where it suffered important losses 
from raids and local conflicts. It absorbed 1,000 men from the 624th Infantry Regi- 
ment, dissolved, and some from the 625th (Hessian). 

Meuse (Right Bank). 

4. Withdrawn from the Lens front, at the end of June, it remained at rest in the 
vicinity of Buzancy and Grandpre in July, near Carignan, at the beginning of August; 
spent the second half of August in the Woevre, reenforcing the Verdun front east of 
Vaux. In September it occupied the sector north of the Chaume wood-Baumont, 
where it was relieved at the end of October. 

Meuse (Left Bank). 

5. About November 10 the 56th Division occupied the sector of Cheppy wood, on 
the left bank of the Meuse, where it remained until March 20, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Since the substitution of the lS6th Infantry Regiment for the 35th Fusileers, the 
division has become entirely Hessian. By analogy with the 9th Landwehr Division, 
we sometimes find it designated as "Rhine troops"; the Rhine Provinces in general 
cooperate with Hesse and Hesse-Nassau in sending its replacements. 

In the first months of 1918 the reenforcements received comprised men from the 
3d and 4th Corps Districts (Berlin and Silesia) belonging to the industrial classes. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Having suffered heavily in the Galician campaign in 1915, and in Champagne and 
at Verdun, the 56th Division had serious losses at Lens between April and June, 1917. 
The 186th Infantry Regiment had heavy losses during the battle of the Aisne (April, 
1917) before joining the 56th Division. The division had few losses on the left bank 
of the Meuse from January to March, 1918. 

Of 84 prisoners coming from three regiments of the 56th Division, captured on 
March 16 and 17, 1918, more than half belong either to the active or to the reserve. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved west of the Meuse about March 19 by an extension 
of the front of the 13th Reserve Division and underwent a course of training for open 
warfare. At this time the companies had about 180 to 200 effectives. It had no men 
of the 1919 class and few Alsatians or Poles. The quality of men in the division was 
high. On April 18 the division entrained at Cesse (northwest of Stenay) and traveled 
via Sedan-Dinant-Charleroi-Braine le Comte-Tournai-Roubaix, from where it 
marched to Croix. On the 21st the 118th Regiment proceeded via Mouveaux- 
Bondues-Roucq to Halluin, where it rested until the 23d. On the following day the 
regiment marched via Wervicq-Comines to Messines. 

Kemmel. 

2. The division came into line on the 25th and captured the village of Kemmel. 
It was engaged in this vicinity until May 2, when it was relieved by the 29th Division, 
and went to rest in the area north of Menin. It returned to line on the night of May 
11-12, relieving the 13th Reserve Division on the Voormezeele sector. The division 
remained in line South of Ypres until the night of June 3-4. 



520 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Belgium. 

3. After its relief the division rested in the Bruges area until its return to line 
northeast of Bailleul on July 2. From then until October 19 the division remained 
in line on this front. It had fallen back east of Roubaix when it was withdrawn. 

4. After several days in reserve the division was again in line near St. Genois. 
The German communique of October 26 praised the fighting of the 118th Regiment. 
The last identification of the division was on November 8, when it was east of 
Avelghem. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was very actively engaged during almost 
the entire last year of the war on the British front. 



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HISTORY. 

(19t]i Corps District — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The 58tli Division was formed, on March 7, 1915, at Eoulers, of surplus regiments 
taken from old divisions — the 106th and 107th Infantry Regiments, Saxon, came 
from the 24th Division; the 120th Reserve Infantry Regiment (Wurttemberg), from 
the 26th Reserve Division. At the end of 1916 the last-named regiment was replaced 
by the 103d Reserve Regiment (Saxon). The provincial homogeneity is thus realized. 

1. The division remained at Roulers until the beginning of May. 
Artois. 

2. On May 12, 1915, the 58th Division took part in the battle of Artois (Carency, 
May 12-15) and suffered heavy losses. On May 12 and 14 the 1st Battalion of the 106th 
Infantry Regiment had casualties of 22 officers and 642 men. (Official List of Casual- 
ties.) The casualties of the division amounted to 116 officers and 4,194 men. 

3. At the beginning of June the division fought at Neuville St. Vaast (Le Laby- 
rinthe.) 

4. It was at rest in the middle of June in the vicinity of Douai. 
Russia. 

5. On July 21 the division was transferred to Russia. (Itinerary: Roubaix-Sedan- 
Longwy-Thionville - Treves - Coblentz - Cassel - Berlin - Marienburg - Koenigsberg- 
Loetzen.) 

6. It took part in the offensive against the Russians in Augiist and September 
(Narew, Bobr, Bielostok, Vilna) as far as Lake Narotch. 

France. 

7. Brought back to France between October 16 and 22 (itinerary: Tilna-Kovno- 
Koenigsberg - Berlin - Hanover - Cassel - Frankfort - Mayence - Coblentz - Treves - 
Sarrebreucken), it took over a sector in Lorraine (Leintrey-Domevre) in November 
and December. 

1916. 

1. In January and February, 1916, the 58th Division was at rest in the vicinity of 
Sarreburg. 

Lorraine. 

2. About February 25 it returned to the sector of Leintrey-Embermenil and re- 
mained there until the middle of March. It celebrated its first anniversary there — 
150 days of fighting, 1,200 kilometers on foot, 4,400 by railroad (notebook). 
Verdun. 

3. Brought back to Verdun at this time, it took part in the attack of Caillette wood, 
near Douaumont, on April 2. 

Champagne. 

4. The division was withdrawn from the Verdun front about April 7 and sent to 
rest in the vicinity of Rethel. On April 30 it went to Champagne, where it occupied 
the sector east of Rheims (Betheny-Cernay, La Pompelle). 

SOMME. 

5. In September the division was engaged on the Somme (Barleux). The 2d 
Company of the 20th Reserve Infantry Regiment, 177 strong, was destroyed, with the 
exception of 22 prisoners. 

6. After occupying a calm sector on the Yser from September 29 to October 23, 
it again fought on the Somme (Courcelette-Grandcourt) in November. 

7. On December 20 the division was withdrawn and reorganized — the 120th 
Reserve Infangry Regiment left the division for the 204th Division, a new formation, 
and went to Belgium. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 523 

1917. 
Verdun. 

1. In January and February, 1917, the 58th Division became exclusively Saxon 
(106th, 107th, 103d. Reserve Infantry Regiments). It went to the Verdun front and 
remained to the end of March, 1917. 

Champagne. 

2. The latter part of March it went into line at Auberive, and Buffered heavy losses 
in the attack of April 16-17. Because of these losses, the 8th Company of the 103d 
Infantry Regiment required a minimum reenforcement of 70 men. 

Russia-Lake Narotch. 

3. Relieved about April 20, the 58th Division entrained on the 24th for Russia. 
(Itinerary: Coblentz-Giessen-Halle-Lissa-Lodz-Warsaw-Brest-Litowsk (Apr. 28).) It 
held the sector south of Lake Narotch from the beginning of May until the beginning 
of October. 

Belgium. 

4. On October 6 it was brought back to France. (Itinerary: Vilna-Koenigsberg- 
Luebeck-Hamburg-Crefeld-Aix la Chapelle-Liege-Ghent-Bruges-Thourout (Oct. 
11).) 

HouTHULST Wood. 

5. On October 17 it took over the sector south of Houthulst wood and received the 
attack of October 22; it was relieved on the 24tli. 

6. On October 31 it again occupied the sector which it left at the end of November. 

7. It spent December at rest in the vicinity of Bruges. 

RECRUII'ING. 

Mixed at the beginning (Saxon and Wurttemberg), like the 54th Reserve Division, 
the division became homogeneous by exchanging its Wurttemberg troops for Saxon 
units. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

When the 58th Division was on the Russian front, a division school was formed in 
the month of June, 1917, with the purpose of teaching men the method of attack. 

The division school was dissolved a few days before the departure for Russia. As 
soon as they arrived on the Western Front it was made an assault detachment of the 
division. 

On the Flanders front the 58th Division did not show any high combat value. 
Rather frequent cases of abandoning the front line have been proved (October, 1917). 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1. About April 3 the division extended its left flank and relieved the 38th Division. 
At that time the diYision was holding two divisional sectors. About May 19, it was 
relieved by the 49th Reserve Division and moved to the Locre sector where it relieved 
the 31st Division a day later. This sector was held by the division until the night of 
June 13-14 when it was relieved by the 52d Reserve Division. 

2. It rested in the Courtrai area until July 7 when it returned to line west of 
Dranoutre in relief of the 121st Division. The 52d Reserve Division again relieved 
it on August 9. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

3. The division entrained at Menin on August 25 and detrained at Sancourt on the 
evening of the 26th coming into line on August 28 near Hardecourt and Bullecourt. 
It sideslipped south about the 1st of September and replaced the 52d Division which 
had been withdrawn. About September 10 the division was withdrawn from the 



524 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

battle front after suffering heavy losses. About this time the regiments of the division 
were reduced to two battalions of three companies each. 

4. On September 27, the division relieved the 39th Division north of Eco\irt-St. 
Quentin. It retreated by Arleux to a point west of Valenciennes where it was relieved 
about October 22. Two days later it came into line farther south at Ghent and fought 
until November 7. The final identifications were at Hecq (Nov. 4), north of Berlai- 
mont (Nov. 5) and north of Pont-siu:-Sambre (Nov. 6). 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used aa a strong defensive division 
exclusively on the British front during 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 525 



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HISTORY. 

(249th and 250tli Reserve Infantry Regiments, 14th Corps District — Grand Dtichy 
of Baden. 251st Reserve Infantry Regiment; 11th Corps District — Electorate of 

Hesse.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. The 75th Reserve Division, trained at the Heuberg Camp in Baden, included 
two regiments of the 14th Corps District and one from the 11th Corps District. The 
first two were formed from the six field battalions from Baden, Nos. 61 to 66; the third, 
from three Thuringian field battalions, Nos. 58 to 60. 

2. Forming a part of the 38th Reserve Corps with the 76th Reserve Division, it 
was sent to the Eastern Front at the end of January, 1915. 

3. On February 17 it was in the vicinity of Augustowo, after taking part in the 
battle of Mazurian Lakes, where it lost heavily (250th Reserve Infantry Regiment). 

4. At the end of February and the beginning of March it occupied the front near 
Chtabin. 

5. On March 9 it attacked north of Ostrolenka and marched to Ossowiec. It 
remained in the region north of Ostrolenka until the end of April. 

6. In the summer, it took part in the march upon Vilna and advanced beyond 
this by way of Wileisk (Sept. 24), south of Lake Drisviaty (Oct. 6). 

7. At the end of October, the 75th Reserve Division went somewhat to the south 
and took over the sector of Spiagla, south of Lake Narotch. 

1916. 
*Lake Nakotch. 

1. The division remained in line in the vicinity of Lake Narotch until the end of 
July, 1916. In the spring of 1916, it received the Russian offensive in this area. 

2. At the beginning of August, it was transferred to the Stokhod. We find it south- 
west of Sviniouki on October 1; south of Kisselin on November 9 (except the 25l8t 
Reserve Infantry Regiment sent to Galicia on Oct. 30). 

Galicia. 

3. At the end of November, the entire division was in Galicia, where it occupied 
the sector of the Narajowka (north of Halicz, Rohatyn). 

1917 
Galicia. 

1. The 75th Reserve Division was retained in the vicinity of Halicz , and of Brzezany 
until July, 1917 (in reserve from the end of March to the end of May). 

OOURLAND. 

2. On July 25 the division left Galicia to go to Smorgoni, from which place it was 
transferred to the Riga sector (Uxkull) at the end of August. After the taking of 
Riga, it advanced beyond the Dvina and took up its position on the Meloupe. 

France. 

3. On December 1 the division entrained for France. (Itinerary: Riga-Mitau- 
Kovno-Marienburg- Berlin- Hanover- Cassel- Cologne- Coblentz- Treves- Thionville- 
Metz-Charleville-Hirson-Vervins.) It detrained at St. Gobert and Vervins about 
December 7. 

1917. 

AlSNE. 

4. Sent to rest near Vervins, about December 26, the division took over the sector 
of Chavignon-Urcel on the 27th. 

RECRUITING. 

The divisions formed in 1915 were not homogeneous. The 75th Reserve Division 
consists of two regiments from Baden and one from the Electorate of Hesse. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 527 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Since the 75th Reserve Division comes from Russia and has only been on the 
French front since the end of December 1917, it is difficult to form a judgment as to 
the combat value of this organization. 

At the end of December elements of the division took part in maneuvers supported 
by tanks (at Voulpaix, west of Verdun). (Interrogation of prisoner, Feb. 20, 1918.) 

At the beginning of February the 251st Reserve Infantry Regiment took part in 
a division maneuver in which the infantry had to fight simulated tanks. (Interro- 
gation of prisoner, Mar. 11, 1918.) 

DISCIPLINE. 

It is to be noted that during the trip from Russia to France 40 men belonging to 
the Minenwerfer and pioneer companies, were reported missing. (Interrogation of 
prisoner, Jan. 31, 1918.) 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1. The division was relieved south of Laon on March 26 and went to Laon. By 
way of Champignon (west of Crepy), Charmes, it marched to Chauny, where it went 
into line on March 30. It was engaged until about April 14, and then went to rest 
north of St. Gobain. 

Battle of the Matz. 

2. It returned to line southeast of Canny sur Matz on the night of May 16-17 and 
took part in the battle of Noyon in June. It was relieved about June 20 and rested 
untU July 2. It was in line at Courcelles from that date until August 18. Prior 
to the French attack on August 18, the division counted about 3,000 combatants. 
It suffered important losses between the 8th and 18th. 

3. The division rested in the Bois de Champien and Bois de Glandon until August 23 
and then in the Bois du Tunnel. On the 27th it went to Ham. On the night of 
August 31-September 1 it relieved the 1st Reserve Division in the sector Libermont- 
Bois du Tunnel. It fell back across the Canal du Nord on September 3 and con- 
tinued its retreat through Sommette, Dury, Bray St. Christophe until it reached a 
position at Happencourt on September 7. It was relieved on the 13th by the 22d 
Reserve Division. The attack of August and September had completely disorgan- 
ized the division and greatly reduced its morale. 

Le Cateau. 

4. The division returned to line west of Bellenglise on September 20 and was heavily 
engaged for 10 dayo. 

Woevre. 

5. On November 10 the division came into line near Jamez on the American front. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. Throughout 1918 its morale appears to have 
been low, and after the battle of Matz its effectives were greatly reduced. 



528 Divisioisrs of german army which participated in war. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IIST WAR. 529 

HISTORY. 

(11th and 18th Corps District — Hesse Electoral. Hesse-Nassau, and Grand Duchy 

of Hesse.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. The 76th Reserve Division (included in the 38th Reserve Corps with the 75th 
Reserve Division), formed in January, 1915, grows out of three field battalions (Feld 
bataillone), Nos. 55-57 of the 11th Corps District, and out of six field battalions, Nos. 
67-72 of the 18th Corps District. It was sent toward Russia at the beginning of 
February, 1915. 

2. On February 13 it was identified in the region of Gumbirmen. It was really 
part of the group which operated in the region of Wylkowyszki-Mariampol. 

3. On March 2 it was on the Sopotzkyn-Chtabin front. 

4. In March it was northeast of Prasnysz. 

5. In April it was in the region of Suwalki-Augustowo. 

6. In May it was north of Suwalki. 

7. On June 23 the 76th Reserve Division went to the Dubissa area. 

8. On June 30, region .of Eydtkuhnen. . 

9. The summer offensive of 1915 brought it, through the region of Vilia, to Kovno 
Aug. 16) and then to the south of Smorgoni (Oct. 6-10). 

It was withdrawn from the front about October 15 and was at Vilna on November 1 
and in the region of Mitau on December 5. 

1916. 

COURLAND. 

1. Then moved toward the north, the 76th Reserve Division took up a sector on 
the Dvina, opposite Uxkull (Jan.-Aug., 1916). 

ROUMANIA. 

2. From the 10th to the 20th of September the division was moved to the Rou- 
manian front. 

8. In October it took part in the battles in the regions of Hermannstadt and Braspo 
(Kronstadt). 

4. At the end of October or beginning of November it occupied the vicinity of 
Campolung. At the end of December, to the south of Rimnicu-Sarat. 

1917. 

RoUMANIA (FOCSANI). 

1. With the stabilization of the Roumanian front, it was in line to the north and east 
to Focsani, where it remained from January to April, 1917. 

2. In May it was in reserve. At about this time it seems to have been brought to 
the rear of the French front. 

3. The division reappeared in Roumania, in the vicinity of Focsani, from August 
6 to 14. It attacked on the 15th and suffered heavy losses. 

4. Put in reserve, near Focsani, it went back into line at the beginning of October 
to the north of Iresti. It was still in that region at the beginning of January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 252d Regiment in Thuringe, 253d Regiment in Hesse-Nassau, and 254th Regi- 
ment in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. These last two regiments may be termed 
Rhenish regiments. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 76th Reserve Division was at all times used on the eastern front. 
125651°— 20 -34 



530 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY V/HICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1919. 

1. The division was moved to the Western Front in the spring after exchanging its 
older men for younger men from the divisions remaining in Roumania. It entrained 
at Focsani on March 7 and traveled by way of Hermannstadt, Budapest, Breslau, 
Erfurt, Fulda, to Metz, where it detrained on March 15. The 254th Reserve Regiment 
was in cantonments a few^ays at Fort Luitpold and then went to Norroy le Veneur 
where it remained about 12 days. It entrained on March 31 and proceeded by way of 
Sedan and Charleville to Hixson (Apr. 1). From there it marched via Remigny- 
Golancourt-Roye-Narvillers-Hangest-Plessier-Rozainvillers, where it went into 
cantonments for three days. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. On the night of April 12-13 the division relieved elements of the 23d Division 
between Malpart and La Chappelle-St. Aignan. About May 2 the division extended 
its front to the north and relieved a part of the 240th Diyision. This was a defensive 
sector at this time. On May 9 the French made an attack on Grivesnes Park while the 
76th Reserve Division was holding it. The attack was a complete surprise and caused 
many casualties. Between April 10 and May 8 the losses averaged 30 to 35 men per 
company and the number of combatants on May 9 was about 75 per company. It was 
relieved in the middle of May. 

Verdun. 

3. The division entered line in the Verdun region to the south of Bezonvaux on June 
21. It was withdrawn from the quiet sector in mid-July, and on the 29th relieved the 
46th Reserve Division southwest of Soissons. Until August 2 it was not involved in 
the attack. It defended the flanks of the German retreat energetically imtil its 
withdrawal on September 8. A week later its regiments were used singly to support 
the units in line in delaying the French advance on the line Coucy le Chateau-Femy- 
Somy. The losses in the fighting were considerable, including 575 prisoners. It 
showed itself a good defensive division. 

4. On September 25 the division came in line on the extreme left of the American 
line in the Argonne. On October 10 all thi'ee regiments were opposite the United 
States troops in Grandpre. It remained in line until November 8 before it was finally 
withdrawn. 

The excessive use of the division gave rise to serious internal discontent. The 
rifle strength of the regiments was down to less than 300 by October 24, and the troops 
were demanding a rest. Some companies refused to enter the line in mid-October. 
The divisional commander was obliged to issue an appeal to the division on October 
21 to hold out. The entire rifle strength of the 2d Battalion, 254th Reserve Regiment, 
was but 3 officers and 75 men on October 28. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. As a defensive sector holding unit the di- 
vision showed a power of sustained resistance that warranted a higher classification. 
By the end the division had been completely used up. 



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HISTORY. 

(255th Regiment: 7th Corps District— Westphalia. 257th Regiment, 332d Regiment: 
8th Corps District — Rhenish Province.) 

1915. 

The 77th Reserve Division was formed at the Senne Cantonment (7th Corps Region) 
in January, 1915, with six field battalions (Nos. 31-36) of the 7th Corps Region and three 
of the 8th, (Nos. 37-39.) With the 78th Reserve Division, it composed the 39th Reserve 
Corps. 

Russia. 

1. Brought to the Eastern Front at the beginning of February, detraining at Inster- 
burg, it was a part of the army operating in Eastern Prussia after February 12. 

2. At the beginning of March it was engaged on the Sopotzkyn-Chtabin front in the 
region of Simno; on March 9 it covered the retreat of the 21st Corps and fell back to 
Seiny, Suwalki and Augustowo (Mar. 10 to 31). 

3. During May and June the 77th Reserve Division took part in the Courland raid. 
On May 5 it was identified as being on the Rossieny-Beisagola front (to the South of 
Chavli). 

Grodno. 

4. Taking part in the summer offensive, it advanced through the regions of Grodno, 
Olita (Aug 30) and Vileiki (Sept 27). 

5. At the beginning of November it established itself in the vicinity of Kchtchava, 

east of Novo-Alexandrovsk. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1. The 77th Reserve Division stayed in the region north of Kchtchava — and south of 
Dvinsk during all of 1916 and until August 1917. In August of 1916 it gave one of its 
regiments — ^the 256th — to the Mitau group and later to the 218th Division. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1. At the end of August, 1917, the 77th Reserve Division was transferred from the 
region of the Dvinsk to the Riga front, being brought up to strength by the addition of 
the 332d Regiment, the latter having originally come from the 83d Division after hav- 
ing successively been part of the 11th Landwehr Division and the 8th Cavalry- 
Division. 

2. In October the 77th Reserve Division appeared in the vicinity of Friedrichstadt; 
near Jakobstadt, at the end of October. The 255th Regiment may have participated 
about this date in the occupation of the island of Oesel. 

3. On November 5 the division is identified in the region of Libau; on January 20, 
the 257th Regiment at Mitau; and to the northwest of the Novo-Alexandrovsk-Dvinsk 
railway, the 255th Regiment on February 10. On March 1 the 332d Regiment of 
Infantry was to leave "in order to advance in the East" (letter). 

RECRUITING. 

Principally Westphalia for the 255th Regiment; Rhenish provinces for the 257th and 
332d Regiments. Numerous recruits from Lorraine and Alsace. Poles in the 332d 
Regiment, which received the Ersatz Battalion of the 19th Infantry at the time it was 
formed. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 77th Reserve Division did not leave the Russian front. One of its present 
regiments, the 332d, is a former regiment of the Posen garrison, of which two of the three 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 533 

battalions were Rhenish Landsturm battalions. Successive replacements gave this 
regiment the appearance of an ordinary regiment. In January, 1918, the older and 
sickly men were released. 

1918. 

1. The division left Russia about April 1 and traveled via Magdebourg-Hildesheim- 
Cologne - Gerolstein - Gouvy - Bastogne - Lebramont - Sedan - Liart - Rozay - Mont- 
cornet, detraining in the vicinity of Laon on April 4. It marched by stages toward 
Villers-Carbonnel-Athies, where it rested and trained from April 11 to 19. On April 
20 it entered the line north of Hangard and was engaged until the end of the month. 

SOMME. 

2. It returned to line east of Villers-Bretonneux on May 18 and held that sector 
until July 4. 

WOEVRE. 

3. The division was moved to the Woevre by Hirson and Montmedy and on July 14 
relieved the 183d Division in the Flirey sector. It held that sector until the American 
attack on St. Mihiel on September 12. The division suffered very heavy losses in 
prisoners, but had few other casualties, the prisoners stating that they were completely 
cut off by the American barrage. It was withdrawn on September 16 and did not 
thereafter return to line. 

4. What remained of the 77th Reserve Division was reassembled at Pagny and was 
occupied in organizing the ground between Pagny and Prenay. A report of October 
11 stated that the division passed through Berlin on its way to the Balkan front on 
October 2. The division was then considered as withdrawn from the Western Front. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was not seriously engaged except in the 
St. Mihiel attack, which practically destroyed the division. Its morale was only 
mediocre. Deserters from the Alsace-Lorraine element in the division were numerous. 



534 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PABTTCIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 535 

HISTORY. 

(258th Regiment: 8th Corps District— Rhenish Province. 259th Regiment: 10th 
Corps District— Grand Duchy of Oldenberg. 260th Regiment: 10th Corps Dis- 
trict — Hanover. ) 

1915. 

The 78th Reserve Division which, with the 77th Reserve Division, constituted the 
39th Reserve Corps as one of the reserve divisions created during the winter of 1914-15. 
One of its regiments— the 258th— grew out of three field battalions of the 8th Corps 
Region (Nos. 40-42) and the 259th and the 260th out of six field battalions (Nos. 49-54) 
of the 10th Corps District. All three regiments were trained at the Alten-Grabow 
cantonment (4th Corps District). 

Russia. 

1. In action on the Russian front to the north of Grodno, near Simno, Kalvariia 
and Suwalki in March, 1915, it took part in the Courland raid (region of Chavli) in 
May. It was engaged in the operations on the Dubissa to the northeast of Rossieny 
from the end of May to the middle of July. 

2. In July, with the Army of Niemen (Beulow) it took part in the offensive against 
Russia, occupied the region of Poneviej, to the west of Kupichki (August) arrived 
before Dvinsk in September and held a position near the Illukst (September-Decem- 
ber). 

1916. 
Courland. 

1. The 78th Reserve Division remained in the Illukst (region of Dvinsk) during 
the whole year 1916 and until the month of April, 1917. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1. Relieved from the Illukst region on April 14, 1917, the division was transferred 
to the Western Front. It entrained on April 15 (itinerary: Kovno-Wirballen- 
Allenstein-Posen-Leipzig-Nuremberg-Karlsruhe-Friberg-Muelheim) and detrained 
near Mulhausen on the 19th. 

France (Alsace). 

2. On April 25 it went into line in the Burnhaupt sector to the north of the Rhdne- 
Rhine Canal. 

AisNE (Ailette). 

3. Relieved on May 11, it was sent into the Aisne. For 10 weeks it occupied (May 
23-Aug. 5) the sector south of the Ailette, where it did not participate in any action 
of importance. Beginning with June 19 it made a series of local attacks in which the 
258th Regiment suffered some fairly big losses (especially on June 20, to the east of 
Vauxaillon). 

Verdun. 

4. Sent toward the Verdun front as a reserve at the time of the French offensive of 
August 20, it was engaged to the north of Cauri^res (southwest of the Ornes) on Septem- 
ber 10. On September 13 it executed a counterattack and continued to occupy this 
difficult sector until the middle of October. 

Lorraine. 

5. Withdrawn from Verdun, the division immediately went into line along the banks 
of the Seille (between Cheminot and Abaucourt) on October 14. Its stay in Lorraine 
was devoid of any particular event. 



536 DIVISIONS OY GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

Ha YE. 

6. Toward the middle of December it was withdrawn from the Abauconrt sector 
and put at rest for instruction in the region of Chambley-Mars la Tour (Dec. 18 to Jan. 
11, 1918), then sent to Seicheprey toward the middle of Januaiy. It was identified 
as still there on March 29. 

RECRUITING. 

One of the three regiments, the 258th, was Rhenish; the 259th was an ' ' Oldenberger " 
Regiment, while the 260th was a Hanoverian and Brunswickian organization, terms 
found in documents, as well as the designation Lower Saxony, a more general term. 

The neighboring corps districts (7th, Westphalia, and 9th, Schleswig-Holstein) were 
occasionally called upon for replacements. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 78th Reserve Division showed up well on the Eastern Front and on the French 
front. 

After a hard stay opposite Verdun, the division seems to have gone through a moral 
crisis; relatively high number of desertions took place in the 258th, and especially 
in the 259th Regiment. The intention of the High Command in sending the division 
into Lorraine (October-December, 1917) is said to have been done with an idea or 
giving its chiefs an opportunity of getting their units well in hand again. 

Nevertheless, the vigorous command and the fairly high niunber of effectives, 
taken for the greater part from the younger classes, make the 78th Reserve Division 
a combat division worthy of consideration. At Jonville at the end of December, 1917, 
the division took part in assault practice. 

It is to be noted that a certain number of recruits were from Alsace and Lorraine. 

1918. 
Chateau Thierry. 

1. The division was relieved in the Woevre about May 11 by the 8th Bavarian 
Reserve Division. It came into line on June 4 west of Dammard (Ourcq region). 
It was engaged until about July 20 and then withdrawn. 

2. The division was disbanded at Montcornet on August 12. The 259th Reserve 
Regiment was broken up and one battalion of it sent to each regiment of the 2d Guard 
Division. The 260th Reserve Regiment was turned as a draft to the 20th Division. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. After about two weeks of heavy fighting on 
the Mame salient, the division was dissolved. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 537 









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HISTORY. 

(261st and 262d Reserve Regiments: Entire Prussian territory by selection, in the 
same manner as the Guard. 263d Reserve Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prus- 
sian Saxony. 

1915. 

Eastern Prussia. 

1. The 79th Reserve Division was one of the divisions formed in the winter of 
1914-15, and, with the 80th Reserve Division, formed the 40th Reserve Corps. It 
grew out of six field battalions of the Guard and three field battalions. (Nos. 19-21) 
of the 4th Corps District. It was trained at the Doeberitz cantonment and sent to 
Eastern Prussia at the beginning of February, 1915, where it took part in the battle of 
the Masure Lakes from the 7th to the 17th. 

Russia. 

2. It was identified in the vicinity of Lyck on February 13, as marching toward 
Augustowo on the 14th and to the south of the Forest of Augustowo on the 24th. 
Poland. 

3. From the end of February until the end of March it was engaged on the Bobr, 
to the north of the Fortess of Ossoviec. At the end of March, having come back in the 
northeast, it held the passes in the lakes to the east of Suwalki- Augustowo. 

4. At the beginning of May the 40th Reserve Corps advanced toward Kalwariia- 
Mariampol. 

KOVNO. 

5. On June 9 the 79th Reserve Division appeared before Kovno; it took part in the 
siege and the taking of this town (July-Aug. 18). 

Smorgoni. 

6. The offensive against the Russians took it through Ochmiana (?) to the south of 
Smorgoni (Aug. 27). The division took a position in this region. " ■ 
Smorgoni-Krevo. 

7. The division occupied the Krevo-Smorgoni (south of VUna) sector from the end 
of August, 1915. until some time in November, 1916. 

1916. 
Russia-France, 

1. Relieved from the Smorgoni sector at the end of November, 1916, the 79th 
Division was transferred to the Western Front. It entrained at Mitau (Itinerary: 
Chavli-Grodno-Bielostok-Varsovie-Lodz-Kalisz-Glogau-Cottbus-Halle-Paderbom- 
Duesseldorf-Aix la Chapelle-Herbesthal-Liege-Louvain-Brussels) and detrained at 
Ascq (east of Lille) on December 10. 

Lille. 

2. Remained there at rest. 

1917. 
La Bassbe. 

1. About January 10, 1917, it took over the La Bassee-Vermelles sector (up to 
Jan. 28). 

Lens-Vimt. 

2. At the end of February it appeared in the Lens sector and on March 3 on the 
Vimy front. On April 9 it was sorely tried by the British attack on the heights of 
Vimy, where it lost 1,660 prisoners. 

3. It was relieved about April 14 and put at rest. 
Lille. 

4. On May 3 the division entered the line again in the quiet sector to the southwest 
of Lille (between Boutillerie and Fatiquissart). It stayed there until July 8. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 539 

Flanders. 

5. After a few days rest at Templeuve it was transferred to Flanders, where it was 
again at rest (east of Bruges) (July). 

Langemarck. 

6. At the beginning of the British offensive at Ypres (July 31) it was brought to 
Langemarck as a "counterattack" di^dsion. Engaged on August 6 it suffered very 
heavy losses and abandoned Langemarck during the attack of the 16th. It was re- 
lieved on the 16th, having lost 75 per cent of its strength. It was put at rest east of 
Cambrai and reorganized. 

St. Quentin. 

7. On September 1 it took over the sector northwest of St. Quentin (Pontruet- 
Gricourt), which it occupied imtil November 28. 

Cambrai. 

8. On November 21, by reason of the British offensive, it hastily put two battalions 
in action at Masnieres. 

9. At the beginning of December the 79th Eeserve Division went into line to the 
east of Gouzeaucourt. It was relieved in January, 1918, reappeared on the front at the 
beginning of February near Gonnelieu, and went back to rest at the end of the month. 

RECRUITING. 

The 261st and 262d Regiments were taken from depots of the Guard and were re- 
cruited like the latter, from all sections of Prussia. The 263d Regiment was a ' 'Magde- 
berg'' unit (Prussian Saxony). 

VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

The 79th Division, already sorely tried at Vimy in April, was much used at Ypres in 
August, 1917. 

The 261st and 262d Regiments were completely demoralized during the British 
attack and fled to the rear. _ According to an officer this panic was due to the lack of 
combat spirit displayed by the 1918 class, which made up an important part of the 
strength of the soldiers engaged. 

It arrived in a very worn out condition in the St. Quentin sector and left it on Novem- 
ber 28 with nearly full strength and replacement of material. It should (December, 
1917) be capable of putting forth an appreciable effort. 

The soldiers from Alsace and Lorraine, formerly numerous in this division, were 
withdrawn from this unit ■when it was sent to the French front. Ninety-three of them 
remained in the 252d Regiment, who were mostly sent to the Eastern Front on July 3, 
1917 (German order). 

1918. 
Battle or Picardy. 

1. The division reenforced the Somme battle front on March 21 near Ronssoy. It 
advanced west of Epehy on March 22 and was withdrawn to second line a day later. 
It followed up the advance and took part in the attack near Meaulte on April 5, after 
which it was withdrawn. 

Bailleul. 

2. It rested in Belgium for five weeks, and on May 26 entered the line northwest of 
Bailleul. It was relieved on the night of June 19-20. 

3. The division rested in Roubaix area xmtil July 20, when it was transferred by 
rail to Tergnier (west of La Fere) and then marched to Guny,west of Coucy le Chateau, 
where it remained in army reserve. On August 8 the division was alarmed, and at 
mid-day was transferred in motor busses via Chauny-Ham-Nesle to Rethonvillers, 
arriving before dawn on the 9th. It came into action on the following day at 4 kilo- 
meters northeast of Andechy. 



540 Drvisioisrs of german ar]v^y which participated in war. 

SCARPB-SOMME. 

4. At once the di^dsion was heaAdly engaged with all nine battalions in line. On 
the 13th its place was taken by the 121st Division, and it rested for three or four days 
in the area southwest of Nesle. On the 16th the division relieved the 204th Division 
on the line east of Goyencourt-Hill 81, West of Roye-Avre. It was heavily engaged 
in opposing the French attacks until August 31, when it was withdrawn east of Boye. 

5. On September 5 the division relieved the Alpine Corps at Epenancourt. It 
fell back in a northeasterly direction by Atilly, southeast of Vermand, southeast of 
Maissemy, Pontruet, and Gricourt. It was relieved about October 8 after losing 2,200 
prisoners in August and September. 

SCARPE. * 

6. When relieved, the division went to the Fres-Sancourt area (north of St. Gobain), 
where it was in reserve. About the 14th it was taken to La Ferte-Chevresis to con- 
struct rear positions. It was moved in trucks on the 18th by Sains-Richaumont- 
Wiege-Villers les Guise-Iron near Etreux. It went into line on the evening of the 
18th, relieving elements of the 81st Division. It was engaged until the armistice. 
The line of retreat was through Boue, Boulogne, Avesnes, Sobre le Chateau. In the 
last place it was identified on November 10. 

At the end the effective strength of the division was greatly diminished, although it 
had received drafts from the dissolved 201st and 202d Regiments. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Throughout 1918 the divi.sion was exten- 
sively used in important defensive sectors, in which it did fairly well. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 541 













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HISTORY. 

(264th Regiment; 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony and part of Thuringia. 266th 
Regiment, 9th Corps District — Grand Duchies of Mecklenberg. 34th Regiment, 
2d Corps District — Pomerania). 

1915. 

Eastern Prussia. 

1 . Organized during the winter of 1914-15, this division and the 79th Reserve Division 
formed the 40th Reserve Corps . The 80th Reserve Division was formed out of three field 
battalions of the 4th Corps District (Nos. 22-24) and six field battalions (Nos. 43^8) 
of the 9th Corps District. After training at the Lockstedt cantonment it was sent 
to Eastern Prussia at the beginning of February, 1915. There it took part in the battle 
of the Lakes of Masura from the 7th to the 17th. 

Poland. 

2. From the end of February to the beginning of March it was actively engaged in 
the region of the fortress of Ossoviec and took part in combats along the Polish frontier 
before the Russian retreat in Eastern Prussia. In March it was brought back to the 
frontier of Eastern Prussia and fought in the zone of the Suvalki government until 
July. It exchanged the 265th Regiment for the 34th Regiment. 

Smorgoni. 

3. At the time of the Summer offensive the division participated in the taking of 
Kovno (Aug. 18), fought on the Niemen (Aug. 19, Sept. 8th) and entered Vilna. 
It occupied the new front in the region of Smorgoni and held this sector until March, 
1916. 

1916. 
Narotch Lake. 

1. In March, 1916, the division opposed the Russian offensive on the Narotch Lake 
front and occupied this sector until the month of December. 

France. 

2. On December 23 it entrained for the Western Front. (Itinerary: Lyntuny 
(northeast of Vilna)-Vilna-Kovno-Koenigsberg-Danzig-Stettin-Hamberg-IIanover- 
Cologne-Aix la Chapelle-Li^ge-Mons.) It detrained at Douai on the 29th and 30th 
of December and was put at rest at Waziers (northeast of Douai) until the middle of 

•January, 1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. January 18, 1917, it went into line before Neuve Chapelle (north of the canal of 
la Bass^e). 

2. Relieved at about the beginning of March, it took over a sector to the south of 
Lens (Mar. 14). Obliged to fall back to the Mericourt-Avion line after the capture 
of the heights of Vimy by the British troops (Apr. 9), it suffered serious losses in the 
course of that operation. 

Flanders. 

3. On May 16 it was relieved from the Lens front and sent to rest in the region of 
Trent until May 29. 

4. From May 29 to June 22 it held the Boesinghe-Wieltje sector, where it took part 
in no engagements. 

Meuse. 

5. After resting, in July, in the region of Sedan-Montm^dy, the 80th Reserve Di- 
vision was brought (July 20) as a reserve to the left bank of the Meuse, and at the 
beginning of August to the right bank (region of Juvigny-Jametz-Etraye). 
Verdun. 

6. On August 14 it drew near the front and on August 20 reenforced, near Hill 344, 
the units strained by the French attack. On the 23d it sustained very heavy losses 
and gave up the counter attack. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 543 

Champagne. 

7. At the beginning of September the diAdsion entrained for Champagne. It occu- 
pied the Tahiure sector the first half of September. 

Argonne. 

8. At the beginning of October it took over the Boureuilles-Vauquois sector, which 
it left on January 23, 1918, going to the Semide cantonment for training. 

RECRUITING. 

The 264th Regiment was recruited in the 4th Corps District and is sometimes called 
an Altenberg regiment. The 266th Regiment is a Mecklenberg unit. The 34th 
Regiment is Pomeranian in theory with a fairly heterogeneous make-up like the greater 
number of the units from Pomerania. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 80th Reserve Division, which seems to have had a high morale while opposite the 
English front, did not come up to expectations on August 20, 1917, while opposite Ver- 
dun. It proved incapable of counter attacking. It is reported that there were de- 
sertions and mutiny among the men which resulted in the relieving of the general 
commanding the brigade and of the commanding officer of the 264th Regiment. 

The 34th Regiment was completely exhausted during the attacks of August 20. 

In Argonne the losses of this division were very slight. At the Semide cantonment 
(Jan. 23 to Feb. 20, 1918) the division went through various maneuvers connected with 
open warfare. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the Vauquois sector by the 237th Division from Rus- 
sia about March 18. It rested and trained until March 27, when it traveled by St. 
Quentin-Ham-Roye to the vicinity of Moreuil. 

PiCARDY. 

2. It reenforced the battle iront north of Sauvillers on April 3, but was withdrawn 
on the 7th and rested at Ribemont. Losses were heavy during the brief engagement 
of the division. 

Champagne. 

3. The division relieved the 14th Bavarian Division on April 21-22 in the sector 
Cornillet-Mont Blond. It remained there until the July 15 offensive, but did not take 
part in that action. On July 27 it returned to line near Moronvillers and held that 
sector until August 22. 

Ailette-Ais N E . 

4. It marched to Paris and went into line there. Two days later it was hastily re- 
lieved and marched to Chavignon. It entered line on the night of September 2-3 
northwest of Crouy. It was withdrawn on September 21. 

Champagne. 

5. The division returned to Champagne and relieved the 213th Division on Septem- 
ber 27 at Loivre. It was engaged near Orainville, Aumenancourt, Pont Givart until 
October 11. It was again in line on October 17 at Nanteuil sur Aisne. It continued 
in line until the end of hostilities. The last identification was near Wasigny on No- 
vember 7. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. In general, it was used to hold less important 
defensive sectors. 



544 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

















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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 545 

HISTORY. 

(267th Regiment: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 268th Regiment: 6th Corps Dis- 
trict — Silesia. 269th Regiment: 3d Corps District— Brandenburg.) 

1915. 

The 81st Reserve Division was formed out of six field battalions of the 2d Corps 
District (Nos. 7-12) and three field battalions (Nos. 13-15) of the 3d Corps District. 
The first six were used to form the 267tli and the 268th and the last named three were 
used to form the 269th Regiment. The division was instructed at the Warthe canton- 
ment (5th Corps District) before being sent to the Western Front. 

1. The 81st Reserve Division (with the 82d Reserve Division it constituted the 
41st Reserve Corps), was transported to Belgium and detrained at Courtrai January 
21, 1915. 

SOMME. 

2. Sent to the Somme district, it was engaged to the north of Chaulnes (Jan. 27- 
Mar. 28). 

3. At the end of March the division was sent toward the Eastern Front. 
Galicia — Russia . 

The division was found on the Galician front in May (Jaslo, May 9); took part in 
operations on the San, near Jaroslav (between San and the Jaroslav-Przeworsk rail- 
way on May 15) then on the Bug (region of Krylov in July). Going down the Bug by 
Vladova (August) it advanced up to the west of Logitchin and the Oginsky Canal 
(north of Pinsk) in September. The front becoming fixed, the division established 
itself in that region. 

1916. 
Pinsk. 

1. The 81st Reserve Division stayed for more than two years in the Oginski-Iasalda 
Canal sector (Sept., 1915-Dec., 1917). 

2. At the beginning of July, 1916, the 269th Regiment was identified between the 
Styr and the Stokhod, doubtlessly as a reserve for the units engaged against the Rus- 
sian offensive. 

1917. 
Russia — France . 

1. In December, 1917, the division was relieved from its sector to the north of Pinsk 
and transported to the Western Front. It entrained on December 20 at Ivanovo (itin- 
erary: Soldau-Bromberg-Schneide-Muehl-Berlin-Sarrebruck-Sedan-Cambrai) , and 
detrained at Lille on December 26. After resting in the vicinity of Lille it went into 
line to the south of Fleurbaix (Jan. 24-25, 1918). It again occupied the same sector 
at the beginning of April. 

RECRUITING. 

The 267th and the 268th Regiments were originally Pomeranian and became quite 
heterogeneous like all regiments from this province. The 268th Regiment was in 
theory recruited in Silesia which contributes to a maintenance of the mixed char- 
acter of its personnel. The 269th is a Brandenburg unit. 

.VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

On the Eastern Front from May, 1915, to the end of December, 1917. 

1918. 
Battle of the Lys. 

1. The division was relieved on the night of April 8-9 by the 35th Division at 
Neuve Chapelle. It moved northward and on the 12th reenforced the battle front 
south of Meteren. In the attacks in this area the 268th and 269th Reserve Regiments 
suffered heavy losses. It was relieved by the 11th Reserve Division on April 28. 
125651°— 20 35 



546 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 

Meteren. 

2. On May 18 the division returned to its former sector at Meteren. It held this 
sector until May 28, and again from June 6 to 12 and from June 18 to July 19. 
Lorraine. 

3. It entrained on the 22d at Roubaix and detrained at Haboudange on the 24th. 
The itinerary was Courtrai-Ghent-Louvain-Liege-Herbestal-Gerolstein-Treves- 
Sarreguemines. After several days of rest near Chateau Salins it relieved the 19th 
Division on the night of July 28-29. It held this quiet sector until October 5, when 
it was relieved by the 87th Division. 

4. It entrained on the 6th and detrained at Guise about October 8. On the night of 
the lOth-llth it came into line near Seboncourt and was heavily engaged until Octo- 
ber 20, when it was withdrawn east of Bohain. The division suffered heavy losses in 
this engagement. 

5. On October 26 the division reenforced the line south of Guise and fought until the 
armistice. The last identification was south of Guise on November 3. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Its services in Flanders was of a mediocre 
character. In the St. Quentin area in October it put up a good resistance. 



DlVISIOISrS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 547 













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548 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(270th Regiment: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg. 271st and 272d Regiments: 6th 

Corps District — Silesia.) 

1915. 

1. Formed during November, 1914-January, 1915, with three field battalions of 
the 3d Corps District and six of the 6th Corps District (Nos. 25-30) it was trained 
at the Jueterbog cantonment. The 82d Reserve Division (which with the 81st Reserve 
Division formed the 41st Reserve Corps) entrained on January 21 for the Somme. It 
included an additional regiment — the 60th Infantry— which the 21st Corps had left 
in France before leaving for Russia. 

SoMME. 

2. It was engaged in February and March, 1915, to the north of Chaulnes. 

3. About March 28 it was transferred to the Eastern Front minus the 60th Infantry, 
which joined the 121st Division. 

Galicia-Russia. 

4. In May, 1915, the 82d Reserve Division as well as the 81st Reserve Division took 
part in the German offensive along the San, which resulted in the breaking up of 
the Russian front in Galicia. It was identified in region of Jaslo (May 9) to the south 
of Radymno (May 12-21) and at Medyka (June 4) . Its pursuit of the Russians brought 
it together with the 41st Reserve Corps to the Bug, in the vicinity of Grubeszow 
(July) and to the northeast of Pinsk (September-October). During that offensive 
the division suffered heavy losses. 

Pinsk. 

5. The Russian retreat being halted, the 82d Reserve Division took its position in 
the Pinsk region (Nobel Lake, October-December). 

1916. 
PiNSK-NoBEL Lake. 

1. The division remained the entire year in the Nobel Lake sector and up to Novem- 
ber, 1917. A soldier of the 270th Regiment wrote on November 8, 1917: "I have not 
loaded my gun since the middle of March." 

1917. 

Russia-France . 

1. In November, 1917, the 82d Reserve Division was relieved by some Landsturm 
units and re-formed (elimination of soldiers from Alsace and Lorraine, etc.). 

2. At the beginning of December the division was transported to the Western Front. 

3. The division entrained at Ivanovo on December 4 (itinerary: Brest-Litowsk- 
Varsovie - Kalisz - Glogau - Cottbus - Halle - Frankfort - Mainz - Kreuznach - Sarre- 
brueck-Metz-Conflans) and detrained at Mars la Tour about December 10. 

recruiting. 

In theory Brandenburg and Silesia. Very mixed personnel, seemingly including 
men from Pomerania and the eastern Provinces of the Empire. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In January, 1918, the 82d Reserve Division took part in maneuvers in the vicinity of 
Thumer^ville (northwest of Conflans) . After these maneuvers Lieut. Gen. Fuchs is said 
to have said that the division could be put in class 3 of the combat units (Kampf 
Truppen, 3) a classification which is just above that of labor troops. (Interrogation 
of prisoner. Mar. 4, 1918, See Bull! Rens. Second Army (French), No. 744.) 



DIVISIONS or GERMAN ARMY WtllCH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 549 

The make-up of the division is heterogeneouB and of mediocre quality and includes 
returned wounded men, Landsturm, former railway guards, dismounted troopers, 
and few recruits of the 1918 class. (Interrogation, Jan. 22, 1918.) 

After a two-year stay in the Pinsk sector the 82d Reserve Division lacked training 
when it returned on the V/estern Front (December, 1917). 

1918. 
Cantigny. 

1. The division was lelieved on April 20 in the Woevre and marched by Conflans- 
Briey-Mairy to Landres, where it entrained. It moved via Longuyon-Mezieres- 
Hirson and arrived at Wassigny, where it detrained on May 5. On May 16 the divi- 
sion relieved the 30th Division west of Cantigny. It was thrown out of the city by 
the American attack at the end of the month. The division was withdrawn about 
July 22. 

Third Battle of the Somme. 

2. To reenforce the Somme battle front the division came into line on August 9 
between Hangest and Arvillers. It was withdrawn on the 18th northwest of Roye, 
but a week later returned to its former sector. The division fell back on the Canal 
du Nord on August 27, and on September 2 took up a position between theChaulnes^ 
Ham railroad and a point north of Moyencourt. It again retreated on the night of 
September 4-5 and occupied a position at Etreillers-Roupy before the Siegfried- 
Stellung. 

The division was constantly engaged, resisting strongly, but being gradually forced 
back. On the 28th it retired to the line of the St. Quentin Canal. On October 8, 
a surprise attack threw it back to Fontaine Notre Dame. Here it resisted fiercely. 
It was relieved about October 10 and went to the Guise area. 

In this fighting the division lost 2,000 men. Its combatant strength was estimated 
to be about 1,200 men on October 7. 

3. On October 14 the division reenforced the line east of Bernot and fought for three 
days. It returned to the Guise area, but intervened again west of Pleine-Selve on 
October 25. Until the armistice it was engaged south of Guise, east of La Capelle, 
and at Liessies. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. After August it was almost constantly in 
line in the St. Quentin area until its effectives were almost completely consumed. 



550 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AHMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 









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552 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(329th and 331st Regiment: 5tli Corps District— Posen and Lower Silesia. 330th 
Regiment: 7th Corps District— Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The 83d Division was formed out of the garrison of defense of Posen which went under 
the name of Posen Corps. It was engaged on the Eastern Front from the beginning of 
the war. 

The Posen Corps composed of depot battalions of active regiments, of reserve,, of 
Landwher, and even battalions of Landsturm, was divided into four brigades. Its 
strength was distributed into two divisions, the 83d and 84th, in June, 1915, and the 
battalions, which were at first formed into regiments bearing the names of the respec- 
tive commanders of these regiments, were numbered 329 to 336, inclusive. 

PvUSSIA-POLAND. 

1. From March to June, with the Posen Corps, the regiments which were to form the 
83d Reserve Division took part in the Poland campaign to the north of Pilica and on 
the Bzura. 

ViCHNEV. 

2. The 83d Division took part in the summer offensive against the Russians. 
Leaving the Ostrolenka region (July) it advanced by way of Grodno, Lipnichki 
(northeast of Lida, September) up to Vichnev (October), where it established its 
position. 

1916. 
Vichnev. 

1. The division stayed in the Vichnev sector during the entire year 1916 and until 
the month of April, 1917. 

1917. 

1. About the middle of April, 1917, the 83d Division was transferred from Vichnev 
to Baranovitchi, where it was held some time as a reserve and then to the northeast 
of Halicz, from which place it was transported by automobiles to the Stanislau region 
(June 5). 

G ALICIA. 

2. At the beginning of July it was attacked by the Russians to the west of Stanislau 
(serious losses on July 9, particularly 690 prisoners). It afterwards took part in the 
German counteroffensive and advanced through the Dniester valley up to the west of 
Chotin (beginning of August.) 

3. Relieved about the middle of September, the 83d Reserve Division was sent to 
rest in the Czernovitz region and then put back in line to the northeast of Bojan 
( O ctob er-N o vemb er ) . 

4. At the end of November the division left the Bojan sector and became a reserve 
for the Bothmer Army in back of the Czernovitz front. Before leaving for the Western 
Front the 4th Division had sent it men from Alsace and Lorraine (middle of December 
when the 36th Division had left the former some months before.) 

RECRUITING. 

Recruiting was mostly from Posen and Silesia with some support from Westphalia 
and the Rhine Province. Coming from Galicia as late as March, 1918, the 83d DiAOsion 
could not come without the soldiers coming from Alsace and Lorraine which other 
divisions which had left before had transferred to it. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre division, formed to the extent of one third by older men. Appears for the 
first time on the Western Front in April, 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 553 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1. The division held the sector north of Ypres until July 18. After its relief it 
rested a few days in Roiilers and then entrained at Lichterfelde for the Douai area. 
On August 16 it traveled ^da Cambrai and detrained near Ruyanlcourt. Here it 
spent the night, mo\ing up to Tiers the next morning. The division came into 
line on the 19th, when it relieved the 3d Naval Division north of Albert. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

2. It was engaged at Thiepval, Bazentin le Grand, Courcelette, and Martinpuich 
until about April 26, when it was withdrawn. 

3. On September 10, the division came into line in Lorraine with an entirely new 
composition. It then included the 255th Reserve Regiment, the 346th Regiment, 
and the 4th I.andwehr Regiment grouped under the brigade and divisional staff 
of the 83d Division. The 329th Regiment, one of the former regiments of the divi- 
sion, was sent to Esthonia on September 5. It had lost 700 casualties in the August 
fighting. The reconstructed division held the Embermenil sector until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The diAdsion was rated as fourth class. After its transfer to the Western Front, 
the dixdsion held a quiet sector except for a short time on the Scarpe in August. 



554 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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556 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(335th and 336th Regiments: 5th Corps District — ^Posen. 423d Regiment: 5th Corps 

District — ^Lower Silesia.) 

1915. 

The 84th Division with the 83d Division formed the Posen Corps and was engaged 
on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the war. (See 83d Division.) It was 
organized in June, 1915. 
Russia. 

1. After having fought in Poland to the north of Pilica (February to June, 1915) 
the elements of the 84th Division operated in the region of Bleudow. 

2. The 84th Division took part in the offensive against the Russians. It advanced 
through the region of Bug fAug. 17), through the southeast of Bielsk (end of August) 
north of Slonim (September, battle from the 13th to the 18th), up to the south of Novo- 
grodek (Sept. 22). The front having become stationary, the division took a position 
in the vicinity of Deliatitchi (north of the Niemen). In December it gave up the 
333d Regiment of Infantry to the 89th Division, then recently organized. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1. The 84th Division stayed in the sector in the vicinity of the Niemen (Liubtcha, 
Deliatitchi) during the entire year 1916. 

2. From July to October the 334th and 335th Regiments were detached as reenforce- 
ments between Goroditche and Baranovitchi to meet the Russian offensive. 

1917. 

1. In 1917 the division still occupied the same sectors along the Niemen (Deliatitchi, 
Negnevitchi) until its depart,ure for the Western Front (December). 

2. About the month of June the 334th Infantry was transferred to the 94th Division 
and replaced by the 423d Infantry, to which the former transferred some of its men. 

In December the division absorbed another lot of men from the 334th Infantry and 
some from the Landsturm Battalion V. 15. Its strength had since November 
included some young men of the class of 1919. 

3. At the end of December the division was transported to France. The 3d Bat- 
talion of the 423d Regiment entrained at Novogrodek on December 31. (Itinerary: 
Varsovie-Leipzig — Frankfort on the Main-Thionville) and detrained at Arrancy (south 
of Longuyon) on January 7. The 2d Battalion of the 336th Regiment entrained on 
December 28 and detrained at Landres on January 3. 

RECRUITING. 

The division was for the most part recruited from the 5th and the 7th Corps Districts. 
This was but slightly changed by the incorporation of the men of the Landsturm 
Battalion V.15 which consisted mostly of soldiers from Brandenburg and of the addition 
of those belonging to the class of 1919 which came from the 4th Corps District. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 84th Division had been on the Eastern front since 1914. Its offensive value 
was mediocre. 

On the Russian front it began to fraternize at the end of December. The Germans 
were only allowed to do so in the presence of their officers. In November and about 
December 20 the men in the division who were over 40 years of age were transferred 
into Landsturm battalions or into regiments staying in Russia, and replaced by young 
men nearly all belonging to the class of 1919 (250 to the 84th Division in November). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 557 

1918. 

MONTDIDIER-NOYON. 

1. The divison was relieved by the 53d Reserve Division about May 1. It moved 
west and on May 25 relieved the 3d Bavarian Division in the Lassigny sector. It was 
taken out in early June and rested until the 9th, when it returned to attack at Cour- 
celles. It again retired on June 20 and rested until July 2. 

Lassigny. 

2. On that date it was in line southeast of Belloy, where it was engaged until mid- 
July. It rested near Antheuil until August 12, when it reenforced the battle front 
south of Thiescourt. Then it was engaged until about August 22. 

OlSE. 

3. One regiment — the 423d — entered line on the Oise on August 22 and by Septem- 
ber 4 all the division was in line near Quierzy. It was withdrawn on September 15. 

4. On September 30 the division entered line at Trouquoy and south of Sequehart. 
In the fighting in the first week of October the elements of the division were badly 
mixed with other divisions. They were taken out about October 9 and re-formed. 

5. It was reengaged on October 27 in the vicinity of Sissonne and fought until the 
armistice. The last identification was east of Bucy les Pierrepont on November 6. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. It was a very mediocre unit, composed 
largely of Landsturm elements and of young recruits. It was decimated by the fight- 
ing in the fall and its morale became very bad. A contributing factor was a draft of 
300 prisoners returned from Russia. 



558 Divisi03srs or German aemy which participated iit war. 



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HISTORY. 

(17th Landwehr: 21st Corps District — Lorraine. 2l8t Landwehr: 17th Corps District — 
Western Prussia. 99th Landwehr: 15th Corps District — Alsace.) 

1915. 
The 85th Landwehr Division is the old Breugel Division, which at the beginning 
of the war, together with the Woernitz Division (86th Division), formed the Graudenz 
Corps (also known as the Zastrow Corps and in 1915 the 17th Reserve Corps), and oper- 
ated on the Eastern Front. 

Russia. 

1. Two of the regiments, the 17th Landwehr and the 99th Landwehr, went to the 
Eastern Front, the former at the beginning of the war and the latter in the spring of 
1915.^ 

Poland. 

1. Until July, 1915, the Breugel Division Avas engaged in Poland (Prasnysz, region 
of Mlawa). 

2. In July it took part in the offensive against the Russians, advancing to the west 
of Pultusk (middle of July); besieged Novo-Georgievsk; was on the Bug (beginning 
of August) and near Bielsk (end of August). The 61st Landwehr entered Warsaw on 
August 22 and remained there diu'ing the month of September. 

3. With the stabilization of the front the former Breugel, now the 85th Landwehr 
Division occupied the Vichnev sector (to the south of Kjevo) on the Little Berezina. 
,. 1916. 

VICHNEV. 

1. The 85th Landwehr Division remained on the Vichnev-Deliatitchi front for 
more than two years (September, 1915-October, 1917). In September, 1917, it gave 
up the 61st Landwehr Regiment to the 217th Division, then newly organized. 
,. 1917. 

VICHNEV. 

1. About the 15th of October, 1917, the 85th Landwehr Division moved to the 
north. It left the Niemen region to go to the south of Dvinsk, near the lake of 
Drisviaty. In December it extended its sector toward the south (Vidzy). 

KECRUITING. 

The 21st Landwehr was recruited in the 17th Corps District, or more generally in 
western Prussia. There were numerous soldiers from Alsace and Lorraine in the 
division. Frequent desertions on the part of the men from Lorraine and men from 
the mining region of the Sarre in 1914 on the French front led to the decision which 
sent the 17th Landwehr to Russia. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Remained a long while in quiet sectors on the Russian front. The 85th Landwehr 
Division had but a very mediocre combat value. 

^ 1918. 

COURLAND. 

1. Toward the end of January the men of the 85th Landwehr Division were still 
fraternizing in the Vidzy region. The 17th Landwehr Regiment was in the vicinity 
of Jakobstadt in April and the 99th Landwehr Regiment participated at this time in 
the operations in Finland. 

Ukraine. 

2. Early in May the whole division, with the exception of some elements (14th 
Jaeger Battalion, 1st Guard Uhlan Regiment, 229th Mounted Machine Gun Co.), 
moved to the Polotsk region. Regiments of the division were identified in this area 
early in September. There was a rumor that the division had been transferred to 
the Western Front early in October, but this seems unlikely. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



560 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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DIVISIONS OF GERMAjS! ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 561 

HISTORY. 

(341st Regiment: 20th Corps District — Eastern part of Western Prussia. 343d and 
344th Regiments: 17th Corps District — Western Prussia.) 

1914. 

The 86th Division was organized during the summer of 1915 with the elements of 
the Woernitz Di^dsion. The latter with the 85th Landwehr Division, constituted 
the Suren Corps coming from the garrisons of Graudenz, Kulm, and Marienberg, 
which was used on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the war. There were 
11 battalions of mobile depots (active, reserve, and Landwehr) and two companies of 
depots of chasseurs (jaeger). 
Poland. 

1. After having participated in the operations on the Polish front from September to 
December, 1914, the troops which were to be formed into the 86th Division were then 
used in the region of Mlawa (trench warfare) from the end of December, 1914, to the 
middle of May, 1915. Some of the units were sorely tried. At Ivoslau (Nov. 12 to 
Dec. 25), then at Prasnysz, the 4th Company of the mobile Ersatz battalion of the 
]8th Infantry lost 2 officers and 266 men. (Casualty Report.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1. From July, 1915, on the Woernitz Division, now the 86th Division, took part in 
the German offensive and helped to break up the Russian front near Prasnysz (July 
13-17). Following up its advance, it fought on the Narew after the taking of Pultusk. 
It took part in the battles of Ostrowo (Aug. 8-10), of Bielsk (Aug. 19-25) and on the 
Memen (September). 

2. When the Russian front became stationary it found itself on the Little Berezina 
and took a position to the east of Deliatitchi. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1. The 86th Division remained in the sector near the Little Berezina until March. 

2. From the 18th of March to the 30th of April it took part in the battle of Narotch, 
and until the month of July, occupied the Krevo-Smorgoni sector. It then went on 
the Chtchara (July 9-26), opposed the Russian offensive near Kovel from July 28 to 
November 4 and finally established itself on the upper StjT and on the Stokhod, 
reduced in strength by the transfer of the 342d Regiment to the 93d Division, then 
just formed. 

1917. 
Volhynia. 

1. After having occupied the Stokhod front in front of Kovel until April, 1917, the 
86th Division put into line on April 22, to the south of Kisselin. It remained there 
until January, 1918. 

recruiting. 

Division sufficiently homogeneous (Prussian Provinces) with relatively no other 
numerous elements from other Pro\'inces. Having left the Russian front at a late 
date, the division could not leave the soldiers coming from Alsace and Lorraine behind. 

VALUE- — ^1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 86th Division seemed to be a good division, composed of young and ^dgorous 
men (March, 1918). 

On the Eastern Front it was rated as a liret-class division. 

125651°— 20 36 



562 Divisioisrs or german army which participated in war. 

1918. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. The 86th Division left its sector in the Kiselin area toward the end of January. 
It entrained at Rogozwo on the 29th and traveled via Brest-Litowsk-Kalisch-Oottbus- 
Eisenach-Frankfort-Sarrebruecken-Metz-Sedan-Rethel, and detrained at Le Chate- 
let on the 4th of February. 

Rheims. 

2. It then marched via Neuflize-Isles-Boult-Fresnes, and entered line near Betheny 
(northeast of Rheims) on the 27th, when it relieved the 242d Division. It was with- 
drawn about the 21st of May, and went to rest near Asfeld. 

3. On the evening of the 26th it left and marched toward the front; the 27th it was 
in reserve; on the 28th it attacked near Trigny (west of Rh^ms) and succeeded in 
advancing about 5 kilometers. On the 6th of June the 86th and 232d Divisions, 
supported by the 33d Reserve Division, captured the town of Bligny (southwest of 
Rheims), but lost it the same afternoon when the French counterattacked. The 
86th Division had quite heavy losses. It was relieved on July 21 by the 50th Division 
and went to rest in the region northwest of Rheims. 

4. On the 10th of August the division reenforced the front near Muizon (west of 
Rheims). It was relieved by the 10th Reserve Division on the 28th. 

Laon. 

5. During the night of September 18-19 it relieved the 50th Reserve Division near 
the Colombo farm south of Laon). It was relieved about the 23d of October. 

6. The division came back into line on November 5 in the vicinity of Marie; on 
the 7th it was identified northeast of Vervins; and on the 9th at Hirson. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 86th was rated as a fourth-class division. It did not participate in any of the 
great offensives during 1918, but it did attack vigorously on two occasions and on 
the whole acquitted itself better than other divisions similarly rated. 



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HISTORY. 

(345th Regiment; 5th Corps District — Posen. 347th Regiment; 2d Corps District — 
Pomerania. 3d Reserve Ersatz Regiment; 9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein. ) 

1915. 

■ The 87th Division as well as the 89th Division came from the Thorn Corps, which 
was engaged on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the war. 

Russia-Poland . 

1. Its battalions were made into a division at the beginning of June, 1915. Before 
that time the Ersatz battalions, from which it was formed, belonged to the Griepenkerl 
and Plantier detachments (Thorn Corps), and fought near the Polish frontier between 
the Vistula and Prasnysz. These were the Leimbach-Zerener regiments which be- 
came the 345th, the Runge which became the 346th and the Schwarz which became the 
347th, and to which latter unit the 8th Landsturm Regiment organized in June, 1915, 
at the Elsenborn cantonment was joined. 

2. Beginning in July the elements of the 87th Division took part in the offensive 
against the Russians: Battles between Drobin and the Vistula, then to the west of 
Pultusk; piusuit fighting up to lower Nar^w (July 18-22); siege of Novo-Georgiesvk 
(Aug. 13-19); battles of Niemen (Aug. 31-Sept. 8) and of Vilna (Sept. 9-26). 

3. After having fought between the Bogin and Drisviaty Lakes (Oct. 5-19), the 
division took up a position in that region. 

1916. 
Drisviaty Lake. 

1. The 87th Division occupied the Drisviaty- Vidzy line the entire year 1916 and 
until the month of October, 1917. 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

1. In October, 1917, the 87th Division relieved the 2d Division in the Illukst 
sector. While there it received its first reenforcements from the 1919 class. 

2. Relieved from that front at the end of December, the division was brought 
together in the Kovno region. It got a great many men from the 23d Landwehr 
Division, especially from the 26th and 66th Landwehr Regiments. 

RECRUITING. 

This division was one of the most heterogeneous of the Prussian Army. Not only 
were its regiments recruited in three different Provinces, but the considerable amount 
of replacements received since November, 1917, were from various different regions — 
men from the class of 1919 from the 9th and 11th Corps Districts in November, 1917, 
later from the 14th Corps District; Landwehr from the 4th and 6th Corps Districts at 
the end of December; men from the 8th, 14th, and 18th Corps Districts (a small number) 
during its stay in Champagne. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 87th Division coming from Russia at the end of March seemed to have but a 
mediocre combat value (April, 1918). 

1918. 

1. The division held the quiet sector at St. Marie a Py until June 18, when it was 
relieved by the extension of the flanking divisions. The division up to that time 
had had slight losses and was available for active service. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 565 

Second Battle op the Marne. 

2. It entered line on June 22 on the Aisne front near Bom'esches. During this 
period the division was engaged in harder fighting. In the American attack south of 
Torcy the division lost heavily in killed and wounded on June 25 -26. Three hundred 
prisoners were taken on those days. It took part in the German retreat until July 26, 
when it was withdrawn near Charmel. 

Scarpe-Somme. 

3. The division rested at Charleville until August 25. It entrained and moved to 
the Bapaume-Peronne area, where it was engaged on August 26-27, south of Longeuval. 
It was pushed back by Flers (29th), les Bouefs (Aug. 31), north of Morval (Sept. 1), 
Le Transloy (3d), east of Manancourt and northeast of Etricourt (4th), northeast of 
Fins (7th), northwest of Gonzencourt (9th). It was relieved on the night of Septem- 
ber 11-12. During this period in line the losses of the division were severe. More than 
1,000 prisoners were taken from this division. 

4. In spite of heavy losses it was given only a short rest at Vaucelles (south of 
Cambrai), and again placed in line east of Villers Guislain on September 18 for the pur- 
pose of delivering a counterattack. It was held in line at this point until about 
September 28, when it retired to rest at Walincourt. 

Lorraine. 

5. On October 12 the division came into line southwest of Chateau Salins. It 
rested on that quiet front until about November 1, when it was sent north, and on 
November 8 came in line at Haut Bugny. The last identification was northeast of 
Rocquigny on November 10. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class. As a sector holding unit it saw heavy service 
on the Marne and in Picardy. 



566 DIVISIONS or germajst army which paeticipated in wae. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 567 

HISTORY. 

(352d and 353d Regiments; 6th Corps District— Silesia. 426th Regiments; 9th Corps 
District — Hanseatic cities.) 

1915. 

1. The 88th Division grew out of the war garrison of Breslau, which was made up 
of the 21st Brigade of Landwehr (10th and 38th Landwehr) and by Silesian and Saxon 
Ersatz battalions. This originally was the Breslau Corps, which after the brigade of 
Landwehr was taken from it, became the Menges Division. The Ersatz battalions 
being formed into regiments, the division then comprised three brigades — 1st Land- 
wehr Ersatz Brigade (later the Schmiedecker Brigade), Paczensky (later Budden- 
brock) Brigade, and the Zenger Brigade. Its regiments bore the names 4th and 5th 
Landwehr Ersatz and 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Ersatz. 

Russia-Poland. 

2. In April-May, 1915, the Menges Division fought on the Pilica. 

3. In July it was between the Vistula and Pilica taking part in the offensive against 
Russia. 

4. It advanced in August through the region of Narew (to the south of Pultusk, 
Aug. 4; to the north of Bielsk, Aug. 19). At the end of August it reached the region 
of ViLna; to the west of Dvinsk in September. 

Drisviaty Lake. 

5. When the front became stationary it took a position near the Drisviaty Lake 
(September). 

6. The Menges Division became the 88th Division. The Ersatz Battalion Brigades 
were regrouped and distributed between six regiments, numbered 349th and 350th 
Landwehr, 351st, 352d, 353d, 354th Regiments of Infantry, forming in tm'n the 175th, 
176th, and 177th Brigades. 

1916. 
Drisviaty Lake. 

1. The 88th Division occupied the Dris\iaty Lake sector from September, 1915, 
until September, 1917. 

2. In July, 1916, the division was reconstituted. The 354th Regiment went to the 
216th Division. In August the 349th Landwehr and the 350th Landwehr Regiments 
were engaged on the Stokhod with the 150th Regiment of the 37th Division. 

The 88th Division was now made up of the 351st, 352d, and 353d Regiments. 

1917. 
Drisviaty Lake. 

1. In May, 1917, the 123d Division gave the 88th Division the 425th Regiment in 
exchange for the 351at Regiment of Infantry (Saxon). At this time all the Saxon 
elements were out of this division and it became entirely made up of Prussian person- 
nel. 

2. Thus constituted (352d, 353d, and 425th) the 88th Division was relieved 
from its position near Drisviaty Lake about September. It remained in the Dvinsk 
region . 

3 The 425th Regiment was replaced by the 426th Regiment, the latter coming 
from the 3d Division. 

recruiting. 

The oldest regiments of the division, the 352d and the 353d, were primarily recruited 
in Silesia, and the 426th in the 9th Corps District. 
Members of the 1919 class were identified with the division in April, 1918. 

VALUE 1917 estimate. 

Average. 



568 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 

St. Quentin. 

1 . Early in January the division left Russia and, traveling via Kovno-Wirballen- 
Koenigsberg-Posen-Berlin-Tr^ves-ThionviUe, detrained at Sedan. After resting and 
training in the Cambrai region, it entered line in the Fresnoy sector (northwest of 
St. Quentin). It remained in line here, although it had two 10-day rest periods 
during which it was occupied only in field service training and in the usual practice 
marches, excepting two manoeuvres with artillery. It attacked on the 21st, and 
although held up a day in front of Holnon wood it did very well, especially when it 
is considered that the division was considered unfit for combat upon its arrival from 
Russia. 

2. Just before reaching Vermand on the 24th it stopped advancing, and the line 
continuing to go forward it remained in reserve. On the 27th it proceeded to the 
Moreuil area (southeast of Aroiens), where it arrived when the German advance was 
already checked. It was withdrawn about the 2d of April, after having suffered very 
heavy losses. 

Champagne. 

3. About the 12th of April it relieved the 11th Division south of Rouvroy in eastern 
Champagne. It was relieved about the 25th of June by the 33d Reserve Division 
and went to rest near Monthois, where it was trained. 

4. About the 13th of July it came back into line in the Tahure sector just west of 
where it had previously been. The next day it attacked in the first line; it could 
make no progress (it will be remembered that thus the whole offensive was a failtu-e) 
and suffered heavy losses, especially on account of gas. It was relieved early in 
September and was reported at rest south of Rethel on the 4th. 

WOEVRE. 

5. On September 12 the division moved up behind the front near Dampvitoux 
(north of Thiaucoiu't), but since it was soon seen that the American offensive had only 
a limited objective it did not enter line until the 23d. It was relieved by the 224th 
Division during the night of October 16-17. 

Meuse-Argonne . 

6. The division arrived at Stenay during the night of the 19th-20th of October and 
on the 21st entered line near Cunel (north of Montfaucon). It remained in line until 
the armistice was signed. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

In March the British wrote: "From the bearing of prisoners of the 88th Division, 
recently captm-ed, it appears that this formation, which from its composition might 
be expected to be indifferent is of a very fair quality and well- disciplined. Men and 
officers are mostly young and keen; many of the latter are active. 

"As a fighting formation, the 88th Division thus appears to have been brought up 
to the standard of the majority of the German divisions in the western theater and in 
addition has a leader well acquainted with the conditions of warfare on this front." 

Although its subsequent conduct was not such as to justify completely the above 
estimate, it did at least prove that its rating as a fourth-class unit was too low. 



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HISTORY. 

(333d Regiment: 5th and 6th Corps District — Silesia. 375th Regiment: 17th Corps 
District — ^Western Prussia. 8th Landwehr: 3d Corps District — ^Brandenburg.) 

1915. 

The 89th Division reached its present form of organization about October, 1915. 
With the 87th Division, it was used to form, while named Westernhagen Division, 
the Thorn Corps, and was engaged on the Eastern Front from the beginning of the 
war. It at first was comprised of the 21st Landwehr Brigade, taken from the Breslau 
Corps and the Jonas Brigade (Keller Regiment and the 8th Landwehr) which became 
the 178th Brigade. In November, 1915, this division having given up the 21st 
Landwehr Brigade to form the 14th Landwehr Division, it brought up its strength 
to three regiments by taking the 333d Regiment from the 84th Division. 

Russia. 

1. During the middle of October, 1915, the 89th Division was identified in the 
Krevo sector, which it occupied until the end of August, 1916. 

1916. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. About the 24th of August, 1916, the 89th Division was transported to the Transyl- 
vanian front (detraining near Maros-Ludas on Aug. 30). 

2. It fought in the vicinity of St. Georges de Brasso (middle of October); near the 
Roumanian frontier in the valley of Buzeu (October-November);" on the Buzeu- 
Rimnicu-Sarat highway (end of December); and near Plaginesci (Dec. 31). 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. In the middle of January, 1917, the 89th Division was in line to the north of 
Rimnicu. 

2. From the end of January to the middle of August it occupied a sector north of 
Focsani, east of Odobesci. It took part in the attacks made, in August, north of 
Focsani and suffered very heavy losses. After a few days ' rest it took over the sector 
between Panciu and Marasesci. 

RECRUITING. 

The 89th Division took part in the entire campaign against Roumania. 
It was kept on the Roumanian front until May, 1918. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Its offensive value seemed mediocre. 

1918. 

Roumania. 

1. In January, 1918, the division furnished a great many replacements to the 76th 
Reserve Division which was destined to leave for the Western Front; men were also 
sent to the 115th Division. 

2. Relieved southeast of Panciu early in January, the division remained for some 
time in reserve in the Focsani region, then came back into line northeast of that 
town. It was identified there in March and April. In June the 375th Regiment 
was identified by contact near Drenoud in Macedonia, but left soon after for the 
Panciu region where it was identified on the 28th of July. The division was identified 
near Bucharest late in October. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The Division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAE. 571 



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3 Ers. Co. Pion. Btn. No. 1. 

2 Ldst. Pion. Btn. 6 Army Corps. 

219 Searchlight Section. 

91 Div. Signal Command. 

91 Tel. Detch. 


67 Ambulance Co. 
110 Field Hospital. 
27 Ldw. Field Hospital. 
241 Vet. Hospital. 






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572 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(37th Landwehr; 5tli Corps District — Posen. 349tli Landwehr; 8th. Corps District — 
Rhenish Province. 437th Regiment; 11th Corps District — Thuringe.) 

1916. 

The 91st Division (Clausius Division) was formed about August, 1916, from two 
Landwehr re'giments — the 349th and the 350th, which constituted the 175th Brigade, 
taken from the 88th Division — and an active regiment, the 150th, temporarily trans- 
ferred from the 37th Division. Later the organization of the 91st Division was 
modified. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. As soon as it was organized the 91st Division was engaged on the Stoldiod, north 
of the Kovel-Sarny railway and in the vicinity of Borovno (August, 1916). During 
these attacks the 150th suffered very big losses. This regiment rejoined its division 
(the 37th) shortly thereafter and was replaced by the 37th Landwehr, which had 
exercised a discreet surveillance over the Austrian troops (Russian information). 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. During the year 1917 the 91st Division was kept in Volhynia in the region of the 
Kovel-Sarny railway. 

2. About the month of April it transferred the 350th Landwehr to the 45th Landwehr 
Division. It received the 437th Infantry, which had been organized in 1916 from 
Prussian elements taken from the 344th Infantry, the 349th Landwehr, and the 350th 
Landwehr, and which was with Austrian units. 

In November the division seemed to have no particular sector and is "distributed 
among the little reliable troops of the Austrian Army," (Weekly Bulletin of Infor- 
mation of Russian Army, Dec. 16-23, 1917. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Kept in Russia for the occupation of Ukrainia, the 91st Division had but a very 
small combat value (April, 1918). 

1918. 

1. The division was last identified in the Ukraine at the end of August. There is 
evidence that the division was brought to the Western Front in September. Reports 
and prisoners' statements pointed to the presence of the division in the Muelhausen 
area during October. However, it did not come into line on the Western Front. The 
division was not identified after the armistice among the retreating German units. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 573 

92d Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




28 Ldw. 


39 Ldw. 

419. 

432. 


28 Ldw. 


39 Ldw. 




2 Ldw. 
32 Ldw. 




(?) 


1, 3, and 4 Sqns. 3 Cuirassier Rgt. 




4 Sqn. Body Gd. Hus. Rgt. 


Artillery 


Art. command: 
■ 2 F. A. Rgt 
895F.A.Btry. 


12 Ldw. F. A. Rgt. (except Rgt. StafT, 




1 Abt. Staff, 1 and 5 Btries., 2 Abt. 
StalT, 7 and 9 Btries.). 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


Pion. Btn.: 

346 Pion. Co. 
92 T. M. Co. 
92 Tel. Detch. 


1 Ldw. Co. 14 C. Dist. Pions. 
120 Searchlight Section. 
92 Signal command: 
92 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


276 Ambulance Co. 
5 Ldw. Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


276 Ambulance Co. 
5 Ldw. Field Hospital. 
242 Vet. Hospital. 




M.T.Col. 















HISTORY. 

(39th Landwehr; 7tli Corps District — Westphalia. 32d Landwehr; 11th Corps 

District — Thuringen . ) 

1917. 

The 92d Division (Rusche Division) was formed at about the end of November, 
1916, on the Eastern Front. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. At first as a part of the Bernhardi Army, the 92d Division occupied in Volhynia 
the Gorokhov-Kisselin sectors south of the Kovel-Rovno railway (February-August, 
1917). It was then made up of the 419th, 432d, and the 133d Landwehr (Saxon), 
the latter being afterwards replaced by the 39th Landwehr. 

Galicia. 

2. In August, 1917, the division was transferred toward the south and put into 
line in the Zalosce (Galicia) sector. The 419th Infantry left the division to join 
the 77th Division, with which it left for France. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Having occupied from the time of its organization until April, 1918, but quiet 
Russian sectors, and, moreover, having given vip its best men (those less than 35 years 
of age), who were transferred to other divisions on the Western Front, the 92d Divi- 
sion had but a mediocre combat value. 

The 39th Landwehr, from the time of its formation in 1914, was noted in Belgium 
for its acts of insubordination (recruited from the mining population of Westphalia). 



574 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ASMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 

1. Relieved in the Zalosce sector in January, the diAdsion was in reserve in the 
vicinity of Zborow during February. 

Ukraine. 

2. In April the division was in the Ukraine (39th Landwehr Regiment was iden- 
tified near Kiev on the 23d; the 432d Regiment was in the vicinity of Klintsy on the 
27th). The third regiment was the 32d Landwehr, left behind by the 197th Division 
upon its departure for France in February. The 432d Regiment sent to the Western 
Front was dissolved in May and was divided between the 22d Reserve and 82d '.'"'* 
Division. The 2d Landwehr and the 32d Landwehr Regiment were identified in 
the Ukraine early in October. Toward the end of the month elements of the division 
were reported along the Danube. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The Division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS or GBEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 575 



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576 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(433d Regiment: 18th and 20tli Corps District — ^Hesse and Eastern Prussia. 434th 
Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1916. ; 

The 93d Division (von Kramsta) was formed on the Eastern Front about the month 
of October, 1916 (region of Lida). One of its regiments, the 342d, had come from the 
86th Division. The 433d and the 434th were newly created units. 

Russia. 

• 1. In November, 1916, the 93d Division was in line to the southeast of Vichnev. 
At that time, with the 85th Landwehr Division, it formed the 17th Reserve Corps. 

1917. 
Russia. 

1. During the whole year 1917 the division stayed on the Little Berezina (Vichnev) 
front with the 12th Army. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre combat value. 

1918. 

Russia. 

1. About the middle of December, 1917, the 93d Division left the Berezina and ad- 
vanced toward the east. 

2. It was in reserve near Minsk the 2d of March and in the Klintsy region the 27th 
of April. The 342d Regiment had entrained on April 10 at Lida for Belgium, where it 
was dissolved in May; its men being divided between the 22d Reserves and 119th 
Division. 

Ukraine. ' 

3. About the middle of May the division was identified near Kiev, where it was also 
identified as late as the 9th of September. 

Rumania. 

4. Toward the end of October elements of the division were identified along the 
Danube. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The Division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS or GERMAN" AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 577 

94tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


(?) 


334. 
423. 
45 Landst. 


(?) 


365 




439. 

24 Ldw. 


Cavalry 


1 Sqn. 84 Heavy Cav. Rgt. 


1 Sqn. 7 Uhlan Rgt. 




Artillery 


(?) 


8 F. A. Rgt. (Staff, 1 Abt., 2 Abt., 4 and 

5 Btries., 3 Abt.). 
405 Ft. A. Btn. 
1042 Light Am. Col. 
1051 Light Am. Col. 




Engineers and Liaisons. 


Pion. Btn.: 
T. M. Co. 
Tel. Detch. 


411 Pion. Btn.: 

2 Ldw. Co. 5 C. Dist. Pions. 

2 Ldw. Co. 8 C. Dist. Pions. 

85 Searchlight Section. 
183 Signal Command: 

183 Tel. Detch. 

131 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


556 Ambulance Co. 
Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


551 Ambulance Co. 
328 Field Hospital. 
331 Field Hospital. 
519 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


1233 M. T. Col. 










Bitterfeld Landst. Inf. Btn. (4 C. Dist. 






Btn. No. 4). 
Cosel Landst. Inf. Btn. (6 C. Dist. No. 
8). 







HISTORY. 

(46th Landstrum: 2d Corps District — Pomerania; 5tli Corps District — Silesia. 45th 
Landstrum: 6th Corps District — Silesia; 3d Corps District — Brandeberg; 21st 
Corps District — Lorraine.) 

1917. 

Russia. 
The 94th Division was formed on the Eastern Front about June, 1917. At that 

time it comprised the 334th and the 423d Regiments and the 45th Landwehr. 

1. From June to December, 1917, the 94th Division occupied a sector in the region 
of Niemen (Negnevitchi). 

2. In July, 1917, some elements of the division were transferred to the vicinity of 
Baranovitchi to oppose a possible attack in that sector. 

In December the 423d Regiment was transferred to the 84th Division and went with 
the latter to France. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre combat value. 

1918. 

1. When the 334th Regiment was transferred from Russia to the Western Front in 
May, 1918, and was disbanded, the 94th Division was considered as dissolved. 
125651°— 20 ^37 



578 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 

Riga. 

2. About September 21, the 94th Division was reformed at Riga out of the 439th 
Regiment and the 365th Regiment. The 439th Regiment was taken out of the 205th 
Division about the middle of September while stationed in Esthonia and sent to Riga. 
The 365th Regiment, which took part in the campaign of Osel Island, was sent to Riga 
in June. The 24th Landwehr Regiment joined the division at Metz. 

3. The division left Riga about September 22 for Metz. (Route: Schawli-Kowno- 
Eydthkulnen-Bromberg-Posen-Leipsig-Erfurt-Frankfurt-Kreuzuach-Neunkirchen- 
Metz.) The trip lasted about six days. 

Metz. 

4. The division rested in the Metz area about one week. Then it was joined by the 
7th Hussar Regiment and the 8th Field Artillery Regiment. 

WOEVRE. 

On October 11 the division relieved the 107th Division at Doncourt aux Templiers. 
It held that sector without event until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was fairly strong in effectives in October. The men had received 
little training and their morale was bad. 



DIVISIONS or GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 579 

95 th Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917. 


1918. 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


(?) 


271 Res. 

422. 

430 Ldw. 


(?) 


422 (2d Btn.). 
52 Ldw. 
(?) 






(?) 


4 Sqn. 19 Drag. Rgt. 




Artillery 


(?) 


69 Res. F. A. Rgt. (except 1 and 5 

Btries.). 
1017 Light Am. Col. 
1035 Light Am. Col. 




Engineers and Liaisons. 


Pion. Btn.: 

1 Landst. Pion. Co. 
95T. M. Co. 
95 Tel. Detch. 


1 Landst Co.. 15 C. Dist. Pions. 

148 SearchUght Section. 
95 Signal Command: 
95 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veteri- 
nary. 


Ambulance Co. 
Field Hospital. 
567 Vet. Hospital. 


644 Ambulance Co. 
117 Res. Field Hospital. 
567 Vet. HospitaL 


Transport. 


1035 M. T. Col. 









HISTORY. 

(422d Regiment: 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony. 430th Landwehr: (?). 
52d Landwehr: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1. The 95th Division was formed on the Eastern Front about the month of July, 
1917. At that time it was made up of the 422d Regiment and 271st Reserve Regi- 
ment and of the 430th Landwehr, the 271st being temporarily transferred from the 
82d Division. 

PiNSK. 

2. Until the end of 1917 the 95th Division occupied a sector in the Pinsk region. 
In November it sent reenforcements to the 15th Di\'ision (Western Front). 

3. In December it gave up its younger men to the 82d Reserve Division then sent 
to the Western Front, and received in exchange older men — men from Alsace and 
recruits from the class of 1919. At this time it is made up of the 422d Regiment, 
the 430th Landwehr and the 52d Landwehr, the 271st Reserve Regiment having been 
returned to the 82d Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Composed of older men and recruits of the 1919 class, the 95th Division seemed to 
have but a mediocre combat value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. In January many men of the division were sent to the 14th Division, which was 
on the Western Front. In April the division was reported in the Ukraine. The 
430th Landwehr Regiment was to the north of Gloukhov (east of Koursk) on April 
27; the 52d Landwehr Regiment "400 kilometers from Pinsk" on the 9th of May, 
after a three-day railroad journey. The division was identified in the Gomel region 
toward the end of September. Soon afterwards it was reported as having come to the 
Western Front, but it was never identified there. It was rated as a fourth-class 
division. 



680 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

96tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


106 Res. 


244 Res. 
102 Ldw. 
40 Ers. 


(?) 


244 Res. 




102 Ldw. 
40 Ers. 


Cavalry . . 


4 Sqn. 18 Hus. Rgt. 


4 Sqn. 18 Hus. Rgt. 




Artillery 


Art. Command: 

32 Res. F. A. Rgt. 


53 Res. F. A. Rgt. 

21 Ldw. Ft. A. Rgt. (1 and 6 Btries.). 

876 Light Am. Col. 

947 Light Am. Col. 

1001 Light Am. Col. 




Engineers and Liaisons. 


Pion. Btn.: 

416 T. M. Co. 
Tel. Detch. 


219 Pion. Btn.: 

1 Co. 22 Pions. 

Ldw. Co. 19 C. Dist. Pions. 

136 Searchlight Section. 
96 Signal Command: 

96 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary. 


278 Ambulance Co. 

5 Res. Field Hospital. 

6 Res. Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


278 Ambulance Co. 

5 Res. Field Hospital. 

6 Res. Field Hospital. 
568 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


608 M. t. Col. 











HISTORY. 

(I02d Landwehr: I2th Corps District — Saxony. 244th Reserve Regiment and 40th 
Ersatz: 19th Corps District — Saxony.) 

1917. 

The 96th Division was a newly formed unit, being organized on the Galician front 
in July, 1917. 

One of its regiments, the 244th Reserve, was part of the 53d Reserve Division (until 
the end of 1916) and .later part of the 215th Division. 

The 40th Ersatz, formerly of the 19th Ersatz Division, also came to this division 
from the 215th Division. As to the 102d Landwehr, it was with the 82d Reserve Divi- 
sion in the vicinity of Pinsk. 

Galicia. 

1. After the Russian offensive beginning in July the 96th Division was put into line 
in the Zborow sector. At the end of July it took part in the German counteroffensive 
and advanced up to the Russian-Galician frontier. It held the Husiatin sector until 
February, 1918, sending important reenforcements in December, 1917, to the 241st 
Division (Saxon). 

RECRUITING. 

Division is entirely Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Coming from the Eastern Front at the beginning of April, 1918, the 96th Division 
seemed to have only a mediocre combat value (April, 1918). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 581 

1918. 

1. The division continued to hold the quiet sector south of Blamont until the 
armistice. 

VALUE— 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. It had practically no losses on the Western 
Front. The companies averaged 115 men of an average age of 25 to 35 years. 



582 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 































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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 583 

HISTORY. 
(146tli Regiment: 20tli Corps District — Eastern Prussia. 11th Grenadiers: 6th Corps 

District — Silesia. ) 

1915. 
The 101st Division was formed in May, 1915, with the 45th Infantry (from the 2d 
Division), the 146th Regiment (from the 37th Division), and the 59th Regiment (from 
the 41st Division) all surplus regiments by reason of the reduction of divisions to 
three regiments. Later the 101st Division was subjected to a number of changes. 
Serbia. 

1. After having been part of the Army of the South, on the Bug, the 101st Division 
was identified on the Serbian frontier at the end of May and the beginning of June. 
Galicia and Poland. 

2. At the end of June it was brought back to Galicia by way of Budapest and Stry 
and took part in the German offensive in Galicia, in Poland. It was on the Dniester 
on June 30 and on the Zlota-Lipa on July 20. 

It was in the neighborhood of Lublin on August 12, at Siedlce on the 29th and 
advanced up to a position near Brest-Litowsk. 
Seebia. 

3. Chosen to participate in the offensive against Serbia, it was entrained at War- 
saw and went into action on the Serbian front on October 7. It was at Nish on 
December 9. 

1916. 
Serbia. 

1. At the end of January, 1916, the 101st Division was still in Serbia and with the 
103d Division formed the 4th Reserve Corps. 

Macedonia. 

2. In February it was in front of Monastir. 

Vardar. 

3. In March, together with the 103d Division, it was near the Greek frontier in the 
Vardar Valley (Guevgueli) (March to November). In August it supported the 5th 
Bulgarian Division. 

Oerna. 

4. In November the 45th and the 146th Regiments occupied the bend of the Cerna, 
while the 59th Regiment continued to hold the left bank of the Vardar. 

1917. 
Macedonia. 

1. The Division was materially changed in 1917. The 45th was replaced by the 
11th Grenadiers, which had in November, 1916, left the 11th Division in France to 
join the Hippel Division in front of Monastir. In June the 59th Regiment was with- 
drawn from the division and cent to the Roumanian front. It was replaced by the 
9th Jaeger Regiment. 

2. The 101st Division was kept on the Macedonian front (Vardar Valley, Doiran, 
Monasth) to the end of 1917, seemingly after that it breaks up. The 146th Infantry 
was stUl in the vicinity of Monastir in December and was reported as being sent 
toward Constantinople and Palestine (March, 1918). In March, 1918, the 9th Regi- 
ment of Jaegers arrived in Alsace. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division is rated as third class. 

1918. 

The 101st Division is considered as consisting of a divisional staff only, adminis- 
tering Bulgarian units. The division is, therefore, no longer counted as a German 
infantry, division. The 12th active and 12th and 13th Reserve Jaeger Battalions are 
considered independent units. 



584 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 






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205 F. A. Rgt. 
3 Abt. 11 Res. Ft. A. 
721 Light Am. Col. 
919 Light Am. Col. 
1228 Light Am. Col. 


Pion. Btn. 

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586 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTOEY. 

(32d Regiment: llth Corps District— Hesse-Electoral. 71st Regiment; llth. Corps 
District — Thuringen. 116tli Reserve Regiment: 18th Corps District — Grand Duchy 
of Hesse.) 

1915. 

The 103d Division was formed at the Warthe cantonment in May, 1915, by taking the 
32d Regiment from the 22d Division, the 71st Regiment from the 38th Division, and 
the 116th Reserve Regiment from the 25th Reserve Division. 

Serbia. 

1. On May 10, 1915, the 103d Division was •sent to a region near the Serbian frontier 
and stayed there, together with the 101st Division, imtil the end of June, between the 
Drave and the Save. 

Russia. 

2. Diu-ing the summer it appeared on the Russian front and participated in the 
offensive of the Linsingen Army — ^near Lemberg, July 29; near Sokal, August 16. 

3. It was put at rest at the end of August. 

Serbia. 

4. Transferred to southern Himgary (September), it took part in the Serbian 
campaign with the Gallwitz Army. It was at Kragujevac in November and at Nish 
at the beginning of December. • 

5. This expedition having been completed, it stayed at rest at Uskub, the 71st 
Infantry going to Veles. 

1916. 
Macedonia. 

1. In January, 1916, the 116th Reserve Regiment advanced up to Macedonia and 
soon, at the end of February, the 103d Division was on the Greek frontier (Lake Doiran 
sector), to the left of the 101st Division, with which it formed the 4th Reserve Corps. 

France. 

2. Entrained for France about April 27. 

Champagne. 

3. Detrained at Chatelet sur Retoiune about May 6 and was reviewed at Avanfon 
by the Emperor on the 9th and went into line on the 23d in the Prosnes-Prunay sector 
to the east of the 58th Division (these two divisions forming the 4th Reserve Corps). 

Verdun. 

4. The 103d Division left Champagne on June 16 for the Verdun front. It was 
engaged on June 22 in the Vaux-Chapitre wood and took part in the big attack of 
June 23 on the Souville Fort and the attack of July 11. During this period (June-July) 
it suffered very heavy losses. 

5. Relieved at the end of July, it went into line in a sector near Apremont Forest 
for a few days (imtil Aug. 2). 

C6tes de Meuse. 

6. From the beginning of August to September 15 it occupied the front along the 
C6tes de Meuse (Bois des Chevaliers, Vaux les Palameix). 

Champagne. 

7. Transferred to Champagne (Sept. 20), the division took over the Somme-Py 
sector, Tahure (until the beginning of October). 

SOMME. 

8. The 103d Division was next sent to the Somme (detrained at Bohain, Oct. 8). 
It was engaged between Bouchavesnes and the St. Pierre-Vaast wood (Oct. 15 to 
Nov. 10). The 116th Reserve Regiment was particularly put to the test. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICPI PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 587 

Champagne. 

9. After a few days' rest the division carae back to Champagne (Nov. 13). It occu- 
pied the Souain sector (Nov. 15 to Jan. 15, 1917). While there was engaged only in a 
few local raids. In December and January it received important reenforcements. 

1917. 
Verdun. 

1. The 103d Division in January, 1917, went to the Verdun front (Samogneux- 
Louvemont). It stayed there four months and was always on the defensive. 
Chemin des Dames. 

2. Relieved on May 23, the division was transferred to the Aisne. It held the 
Chemin des Dames sector (Malmaison, Les Bovettes, Pantheon, La Royfere) from May 
26 to October 11-12. It only participated in the attacks of June 6 and July 8 as 
supporting troops and as a result suffered but slight losses during that period. 

3. Relieved from the Aisne front on October 11 the 103d Division was sent to rest 
in the region of Sissonne. It seems to have been transferred on October 24 toward the 
north of the Ailette as an attacking division. 

St. Quentin. 

4. After a rest at the end of November and the first two weeks of December in the 
vicinity of Origny-Ste. Benoite, the division took over the sector of Itancourt (Dec. 
27-28) near St. Quentin. 

RECRUITING. 

The 32d Regiment and the 71st Regiment, recruited in Thuringen and Hesse-Elec- 
toral, and the 116th Reserve Regiment in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Although the 
3d Batallion of the 85th Landwehr was transferred to the 116th as 3d Batallion of this 
unit, its recruiting was a great deal less from the 9th Corps District than from the 18th 
Corps District. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The showing made by the 103d Division in the conflicts in which it was engaged 
warrants its being classed among the good units. Its losses in 1917 were comparatively 
small. Its strength was gradually made up of younger men by the transfer from it 
of the older soldiers. It was classed as an attack division by the German Command. 
A secret order of the 103d Division of September 20, 1917, contains the following: "Our 
division, which was specially trained for offensive work, and which is designated as 
an attack division (Angriffs division), is, in an offensive, very superior to the adver- 
sary * * *." 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division was in line south of St. Quentin on March 21 as the left division of 
Von Conta group. It advanced toward Vendeuil without meeting great resistance 
and reached there at midnight. The 22d it reached the Crozat Canal and crossed at 
Liezon the next day. Placed in reserve on the 23d, it followed the general advance 
by Villequier-Aumont (24th), Quesmy (25th), Lagny (27th). On the 28th the divi- 
sion captured the Dives-Lassigny road and relieved the 36th Division in that vicinity. 
It attacked Plemont on March 30, but was unable to maintain its position and fell 
l^ack on April 1, after heavy losses. It was relieved about April 15. 

Aisne. 

2. About April 27 the division relieved the 108th Division at Corbeny. It was 
still in line when the attack of May 27 started and advanced to the Marne northwest 
of Chatillon via Romigny, Vandieres, Bois de Mareuil. It was relieved by the 22d 
Division between June 24 and 26. 



588 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 

Battle of the Marne. 

3. It rested near Fismes until it reentered line about July 14 in the sector Anthenay- 
Bois de Trottes. It was engaged until about August 1, when it was withdrawn from 
the battle front southwest of Rheims. 

Chemin des Dames. 

4. The division rested at Malmaison untU August 22, when it was engaged north 
of St. Aubin. In that locality it remained in line untU about September 5. 
Champagne. 

5. On September 26 the division entered line in Champagne, relieving the 202d 
Division in the area south of Fontaine en Dornmeois. It received the full weight of 
the French attack and in four days in line lost more than 2,000 prisoners, including 
6 battalion commanders. 

6. After three weeks of rest, elements of the division were reengaged southwest of 
Longwe on October 24. Other elements were identified in the sector of the 76th 
Reserve Division and the 2d Landwehr Division, near the junction of the American 
and French Armies. Elements continued to be identified in this general locality 
until the armistice. Most of the division appeared to have been opposed to the 
French Army. The last identification was at Sedan. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. At the end its effectives were greatly reduced. 
Discontent over their prolonged service in line had lowered the morale of the division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 589 






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HISTORY. 

(21st and 129th Regiments: 17tli Corps District — Western Prussia. 400th Regiment: 
8th Corps District — Rhine Province.) 

1915. 

The 105th Division was formed at Thorn in May, 1915. At the outset it comprised 
the 122d Regiment of Fusileers obtained from the 26th Division (13th Corps District), 
the 21st Infantry from the 35th Division, and the 129th Infantry from the 36th Divi- 
sion (17th Corps District) . 

In 1917 the 400th replaced the 122d Regiment (Wurttemberg). 

Serbia. 

1. In June, 1915, the 105th Division appeared on the Serbian front at the same time 
as the 101st and 103d Divisions. 

Galicia. 

2. At the end of June it was transferred to Galicia via Budapest and Stry. It par- 
ticipated in the offensive against the Russians on the Gnila Lipa from June 24 to July 
1, on the Zlota Lipa July 20. From Galicia it went to Poland; fought at Krasnostaw 
at the end of July and between Wieprz and the Jaselda until August 20. At the end of 
iVugust it was on the Chtchertchev-Brest-Kobryn railway front. 

Serbia and Bulgaria. 

3. Chosen for the Serbian campaign, it again found itself in company with the 101st 
and 103d Divisions and went into line on the Serbian front in October but did not stay 
there long. While the 122d fusileers pushed on in the south of this country, the 21st 
and the 129th entrained in December for Eastern Bulgaria. 

1916. 

Bulgaria. 

1 . Assigned to watch the Roumanian frontier and the coast of the Black Sea, the 21st 
went to Varna and the 129th from Choumla to the coast. This mission did not end 
untn May, 1916. 

Macedonia. 

2. At this time the division was being re-formed in Macedonia, where the three, 
regiments were again together at the beginning of June. 

Galicia. 

3. The June Russian offensive was responsible for its return to Galicia and at the 
end of the month it was in Bukovina. The 105th Division operated in the region of 
Kolomea (end of June, beginning of July) and suffered heavy losses. The 122d fusileers 
reported 26 officers and 1,105 men out of action. The division next fought in Galicia 
to the east of Stanislau in July and August (east of Tlumacz-Tysmienica), to the east of 
Halicz in September. 

4. The division remained in the vicinity of Halicz until October. . 

COURLAND. 

5. Relieved from Galicia, the division was sent to Courland, to the south of Kekkau 
(October). 

6. On October 20 it took over the sector to the west of Jakobstadt. 

1917. 
Jacobstadt. 

1. The 105th Division occupied the Jacobstadt front until November, 1917. In 
April the 400th Regiment replaced the 122d which was transferred to the 243d Divi- 
sion (old 8th Ersatz Division), a Wurttemberg unit. The division took Jacobstadt 
on September 21. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAIs^ ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 591 

France. 

2. Oil November 5 the 105tli Division entrained at Jilitau and Avas transported to 
France. (Itinerary : Kovno-Koenigs].)erg-Sclineidemuehl-Berlin-Cassel-Coblenz- 
Treves-Thionville-Sedan-]\Iezieres.) It detrained at Juniville (south of Rethel) 
on November II and rested in this region. 

RECRUITING. 

The 21st and the 129th were classified as " troops from Western Prussia" in an official 
document. Although the 21st was called the 4tli Pomeranian, it was actually recruited 
for the most part in the Province of Western Prussia, which was its station in peace 
time. The 400th was, by reason of its replacement depot, a Rhenish linit. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 105th Division was first put into line on the French front at the beginning of 
January, 1918. It suffered losses in Galicia during the Summer of 1916. 
Its long stay in the Courland sector had not increased its combat value. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division was engaged west of Noyon on April 15 and remained in that area 
until May 17, v/hen it was relieved by the 223d Division. Losses were very consider- 
able in the early part of the division's occupation of that sector. 

Noyon. 

2. It rested north of Noyon until May 31 when it reenforced the Aisne battle front 
at Nampcel, east of the Oise. Throughout June it was engaged in this sector. It at- 
tempted sc local attack on Moulin sous Touvent on July 3 without success. In minor 
operations in June and July the division lost about 1,000 prisoners. In August it was 
heavily engaged and forced back on Noyon, where it was relieved by the 54th Division 
about September 1. 

3. The division rested for about three weeks in the area south of Ferte Chevresis- 
Montigny sur Crecy. It was engaged at Septvaux about September 27. It fought in 
the retreat through Fourdrain as far as Mesbrecourt-Assis sur Serre. It held that sec- 
tor until the capture of Mesbrecourt on October 22, after which it took up a position to 
the north. The division was in the neighborhood of Pargny wood until November 
5. Thereafter it was identified at Vervins (Gth), Voulpaix (7th), north of Wimy (9th). 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. As a sector holding division it saw almost con- 
stant service most of which was in the Noyon area. Its morale was greatly lowered 
in November. 



592 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAB. 






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DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED m WAR. 593 

HISTORY. 

(52d Reserve Regiment: 3d Corps District— Brand eberg. 227th Reserve Regiment: 
4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony. 232d Reserve Division: 10th Corps Dis- 
trict — Hanover. ) 

1915. 

The 107th Division was formed at Glogau in May, 1915, with regiments transferred 
from the 49th Reserve Division (227th Reserve Regiment), from the 50th Reserve 
Division (232d Reserve Regiment), and from the 5th Reserve Regiment (52d Reserve 
Regiment). 
Galicia. 

1. The division took part in the battles near Lemberg (June 17-22). 
Russia. 

2. In July the division was engaged near the Bug, in the vicinity of Grubeszow 
(July 19-30). 

3. On July 31 it fought to the northeast of Cholm. It was near Wlodawa from 
August 13 to 17. 

4. On August 25 and 26 it participated m the taking of Brest-Iitowsk. It entered 
Pinsk on September 16. 

Serbia. 

5. From Pinsk it operated against Serbia, staying there fi'om the beginning of 
October to the end of November, 1915. 

1916. 

COURLAND. 

1. In January, 1916, the division was in reserve in the vicinity of Dvinsk, where 
it remained until March 15. 

Postavy-Smorgoni. 

2. On March 18 it took over the sector to the north of Postavy. From May to June 
20 it was near Smorgoni. At the end of the month it was assigned to meet the Rus- 
sian offensive in Volhynia. 

VOLHYNIA. 

3. It was engaged between the Styr and the Stokhod from June 21 until the middle 
of July. 

4. In August and September it was still in Volhynia, near the Kovel-Rovno railway. 

KOVEL. 

5. The division stayed in this region and occupied the sector west of Kachovka 
until the beginning of November, 1917. 

1917. 
France. 

1. Relieved about November 9, 1917, fi'om the Kovel sector, the 107th Division 
entrained on the 13th at Poginski for the Western Front. (Itinerary: Kovel-Brest- 
Litovsk-Warsaw-Posen-Frankfort on the Oder-Berlin-Cassel-Coblenz-Treves- 
Thionville-Sedan-Charleville-Hirson.) It detrained east of Cambrai on the 18th. 
Cambrai. 

2. From November 21 on it was engaged to the southwest of Cambrai (Noyelles- 
Rumilly). 

3. It was retired from the fi-ont about the end of December. 

RECRUITING. 

The 52d Reserve Regiment remained a Brandenburger regiment, as at time of 
its formation. The 227th Reserve Regiment, formed in the 5th Corps District at 

125651°— 20 38 



594 DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 

the end of 1915, had a majority of effectives from the 4th Corps District and still 
received replacements from Prussian Saxony. On the other hand, the 232d Reserve 
Regiment, formed in the 4th Corps District, recruited principally in Hanover (10th 
Corps District). The 107th Division had hence a heterogeneous organization. 

1918. 

Cambrai. 

1. The division remained in line in the Gonnelieu sector until about February 15, 
when it was relieved by the 18th Division from "B" Army and went into reserve. 
On March 1 it returned and relieved the 18th Division in its former sector at Gonnelieu. 
Battle of Picardy. 

2. It was still in line when the offensive of March 21 began and advanced via 
Mesnil to Avelny wood under the 39th Corps. It was relieved on April 16 by the 
16th Reserve Division near Anthuille and went to rest near Cambrai. 

3. On May 16 the division came into line at Morlancourt, relieving the 199th Divi- 
sion, and held that sector until the night of May 23-24. It rested in the Cambrai 
area until its return to line at Morlancourt on the night of June 20-21. It was with- 
drawn about August 1. 

Third Battle op the Somme. 

4- When the British began the attack on August 8 the division hastily rettu'ned to 
line near Proyart. Until the 28th it was hotly engaged at Proyart, Mericourt, and 
Herleville. One thousand seven hundred prisoners were taken from the division in 
this fighting. 

WOEVRE. • 

5. On September 3 the division started for Metz to rest. Its destination was changed 
and it detrained at Conflans on September 16, marched via Frianville-Brainville- 
Allamont-Moulotte to Harville, where it went into line. The sector was a quiet one, 
and the battalions were well rested. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

6. The division left that sector on October 11 and went in trucks from Conflans 
to Stenay via Longuyon-Montmedy-Sedan. By way of Dun sur Meuse the division 
entered the line on October 14. One regiment had previously entered line on the 
11th. Until the 20th the division was engaged in resisting without especial success 
the American attack. Two of the regiments of the division were out of the line from 
the 20th to November 1. The total losses of the division up to this time were estimated 
at 2,100, including 352 prisoners. Two regiments of the division were again engaged 
from November 1 to 10 in the Villers area, when the division was considered with- 
drawn follo%ving a failure to identify it by contact. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. There was evidence that the morale of the 
men was low as a result of the heavy casualties that the division suffered throughout 
1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GER]MAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 595 





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596 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(97th. and 137th Regiments: 2l9t Corps District — Lorraine. 265th Reserve Regiment: 
9th Corps District — Mecklenburg.) 

1915. 

The 108th Division was formed during the summer of 1915 in the Niemen Army 
(Scholtz Army) by taking the 137th Infantry from the 31st Division, the 97th Infantry 
from the 42d Division, and the 265th Reserve Infantry from the 80th Reserve Division. 
It was called the Beckmann Division in honor of its commanding general before it 
received tLe number 108. 

CoURiAND. 

1. About December 1 it went into line to the west of Sventen Lake (region 

of Dvinsk). 

1916. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. In June, 1916, the division was transferred to Volhynia and opposed the Russian 
offensive in the vicinity of Svinioukhi. Here it had heavy losses. On June 16 the 
1st Battalion of the 137th Infantry reported 24 officers and 978 men out of action. 
(Casualty List). 

2. It was in this sector until its departure for the Western Front (middle of Decem- 
ber, 1917.) 

1917. 
France. 

1. Entrained on December 12 in the vicinity of Brest-Litowsk. 

2. Detrained near Hirson about December 18 and stayed at rest for three weeks in 
the vicinity of Aubenton. 

RECRUITING. 

The 97th and the 137th of the old 21st Corps Were among those regiments which 
did not find a sufficient source of recruits in their home stations and filled up their 
ranks "vvith soldiers from the Rhine Province and Westphalia. 

The 265th Reserve Regiment, originally recruited from the Hanseatic cities, was 
now principally recruited in Mecklenberg. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 108th Division, coming from Russia, only went in line on the Western Front on 
January 1, 1918. 

At the end of January, 1918, the 137th and 97th still had in its ranks many men from 
Alsace and Lorraine, which must have been transferred shortly thereafter. 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1. After having had some training in the Vervins area, the 108th Division relieved 
the 5th Reserve Division near Corbeny (northeast of Craonne) during the night of Jan- 
uary 22-23. It was relieved about the 21st of April by the 103d Division. 

SOMME. 

2. On the 30th it relieved the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division near Villers-Breton- 
neux (south of Corbie). During the night of May 19-20 it extended its front to the 
south and relieved the jaeger division. It was relieved by the 41st Division on the 
9th of July, and went to rest in the Cappy area, south of the Somme. 

3. On the 7th of August it relieved the 43d Reserve Division astride the Somme 
(west of Bray). The next day the British captured 1576 men from the division. It 
was withdrawn from line about the 23d. It went to the Cambrai region, and was 
there disbanded — the 137th Regiment was transferred to the 15th Division, the 97th 
Regiment to the 202d Division, and the 265th Reserve Regiment was dissolved. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 597 



VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 



The 108th was rated a third-class division, but considering that although it was 
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and that the only heavy fighting in which it participated was when it was caught by 
the British attack of the 8th of August, where it fought poorly, and also that the 15th 
and 202d Divisions— the units which received its regiments when it was disbanded— 
were second and third class, respectively, this rating seems to have been too high. 



598 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 599 

HISTORY. 

(2d Grenadiers: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 26th Reserve Regiment: 4th Corps 
District — Prussian Saxony. 376th Regiment: 1st Corps District — Eastern Prussia. 

1915. 

The 109th Division was formed in Courland in May, 1915. It obtained the 2d 
Grenadiers from the 3d Division, which has since then completely changed its organ- 
ization. It obtained the 26th Reserve Infantry from the 6th Reserve Division (3d 
Reserve Corps), and the 2d Ersatz Infantry Regiment (Koenigsberg), which received 
the number 376. 

PONIEVIEJ. 

1. It was a part of the Niemen Army from the time that army was organized until 
its departure for the Roumanian front (November, 1916). In July it was in the 
vicinity of Ponieviej . 

Jakob STADT. 

2. At the end of October it took a position in front of Jakobstadt. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1. In 1916 the 109th Division still occupied the same sector in the vicinity of 
Jakobstadt to the southwest of Lievenhof (Buschhof). It stayed there until Novem- 
ber, 1916. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. Transferred to Roumania, it took part in the campaign, valley of Jiu (Novem- 
ber), southeast of Rimnicu-Sarat (December). In the meanwhile it headed the 
troops which entered Bucharest on December 6 (2d Grenadiers). 

1917. 
Roumania-Namoloasa . 

With the stabilization of the Roumanian front, the division took a position near 
the junction of the Rimnicu in front of Namoloasa (southeast of Focsani). It held 
this sector during the entire year 1917. 

RECRUITING. 

A composite division. The 2d Grenadiers was Pomeranian; the 26th Reserve 
Regiment was originally from Prussian Saxony, and the 376th got its recruits from 
depots in Eastern Prussia. It first appeared on the Western Front at the end of 
March, 1918. 

1918. 

SOMME. 

1. The division came into line on the night of April 27-28 and relieved the 19th 
Division west of Hangard. It continued to hold this sector until August 10. In the 
first two days of the British attack the division lost 1,544 prisoners. After its with- 
drawal the division was taken to the vicinity of Trelon and disbanded. 

2. The 26th Reserve Regiment was drafted to the 36th Fusileer Regiment and 
the 66th Regiment to the 113th Division. The 2d Grenadier Regiment passed 
intact from the 109th Division to the 3d Reserve Division. The 376th Regiment was 
divided among the three regiments of the 1st Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. After about four months in line on the 
Somme the losses in casualties and prisoners led to the dissolution of the division 
in September. 



600 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 601 

HISTORY. 

(73d Fusileers, 164th Regiment: 10th Corps District — Hanover. 76th Regiment: 9th 
Corps District — ^Hanseatic cities.) 

1915. 

The 111th Division was formed near Brussels on March 26, 1915, by obtaining the 
73d Fusileers from the 19th Division, the 164th Infantry from the 20th Division, and 
the 76th Regiment from the 17th Division. 
Cotes de Meuse. 

1. About the middle of April, 1915, the 111th Division was in line along the Cotes 
de Meuse (Calonne, Hattonchatel trench) after having detrained on April 11 at Mars 
la Tour. 

Artoir. 

2. In August it was transferred to Artois (Monchy au Bois sector). 

1916. 

1. The 111th Division stayed on the Artois front until August, 1916. 

SOMME. 

2. About August 21 it was relieved and sent to the north of the Somme. Engaged 
near Guillemont and Guinchy, it suffered serious losses (Aug. 25-Sept. 6). 

Cotes de Meuse. 

3. After a few days' rest in the Cambrai region it was put into line near Cotes de 
Meuse (Bois de Chevaliers, Sept. 15) and stayed there until October 26. It was 
brought up to strength by the addition of 2,000 replacements. 

Somme. 

4. At the end of October it was brought back to the Somme. At first it was at 
rest in the region of Bohain and then took over a sector between Bouchavesnes and 
the St. Pierre-Vaast wood. 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, it was south of the Somme near Barleux, from which position 
it was relieved a short time before it fell back on the Hindenberg Line. 

Hindenberg Line. 

2. It occupied the Bellicourt sector (north of St. Quentin) from May 10 to about Jime 
24. On May 7 and 15 it received 600 replacements (classes of 1917 and 1918) to make 
up the losses sustained on April 27 at Arleux en Gohelle. 

3. The division was then put at rest for a month in the vicinity of Cambrai. 

Ypres. 

4. It entrained on July 25 and 26 and was transported to Flanders, where it was 
engaged on the 27th and 28th to the north of Ypres (Boesinghe-Steenstraat). It met 
the artillery preparation and the attack of July 31, which caused it considerable losses. 
It was relieved the very night of the attack and was temporarily reorganized at Bohain. 

Lorraine. 

5. Sent to Lorraine, it took the Reguieville sector (west of Pont ilMousson) about 
August 20; rested and reorganized. 

Flanders. 

6. It left this sector on October 14 to return to Flanders (Poelcappelle) . It detrained 
on the 16th at Alost and was engaged from the 22d to the 26th and relieved November 4. 

Artois. 

7. From the end of November to January 8, 1918, it held the Monchy le Preuxen-Vis 
en Artois sector (southeast of Arras). The division received the remaining necessary 



602 Divisioisrs of German army which participated in war. 

replacements; the 73d Fusileers received, on December 24, 400 men between tbe ages 
of 20 and 35, taken from the Russian front (especially from the 15th Landwehr 
Division). 

RECRUITING. 

The 76th Infantry was a Hanseatic unit while the 73d FusUeers was a Hanoverian 
organization. As men from the 9th Corps District quite frequently served in regi- 
ments from the 10th Corps District and reciprocally, in case of necessity, the regi- 
ments of a division drew without distinction from either source, it was to be expected 
that the 111th Division was termed as "regiments of Lower Saxony." 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 111th Division, which was considered a good unit, was sorely tried in Flanders 
by the Franco-British attack of July 31, 1917. Many men left their formations either 
when going into line or under bombardment. The division stayed but four days in 
line and had to be relieved without having been able to counterattack. The 111th 
Division was composed of young men, part of whom had experience in very active 
sectors. 

1918. 
Battle op Picardy. 

The division was relieved by the 234th Division at Arleux about the 1st of March. 
It remained in rear of the front until March 21 when it returned to its former sector 
to attack east of St. Leger. It had been resting at Auberchicourt, which place it left 
on the 17th and marched via Palluel to Villers lez Cagnicourt, arriving there on 
March 20. 

The division was in the first wave of the attack and advanced via Ecoust, then south 
to Vaulx-Vraucourt on the 22d, Mory (24th). It passed into second line about this 
time and reentered line north of Hamelincourt on April 1 to relieve the 26th Division. 
After a week it side-slipped south and relieved the 239th Division northeast of Ayette, 
which sector it held until April 20. It was relieved by the 234th Division. 

2. On May 6 the division relieved the 5th Bavarian Division north of Bucquoy. 
It continued to hold this sector until August 17, when it was relieved by the 4th 
Bavarian Division. 
Third Battle of the Somme. 

The division taken from the comparatively quiet Bucquoy sector was used to 
reenforce the battle front at Favreuil on August 25. It was only engaged four days in 
this sector. Withdrawn on the 29th, it moved northward and on September 2 reen- 
forced the front east of Hendecourt. It fought then for three days before it was with- 
drawn. In these two brief periods in line the division suffered very heavy casualties 
besides losing 500 prisoners. 
Lens. 

4. The division rested in the Tourcoing area until it reentered line south of Ache- 
ville on the night of September 24-25 in relief of the 207th Division. It was engaged 
here until October 11, when the 49th Reserve Division relieved it east of Lens. 

5. The division rested in the Douchy-Haspres area in support until October 18, 
when it moved to Artres and came into line on the night of October ^0-21 at Monchaux 
8ur Ecaillon. Until November 7 the division was constantly in line. It was near 
Vendegies until October 24, and later at Arties (28th), Farmars (29th), Jenlain (Nov. 2), 
Sebourg (4th), west of Risin (5th), a,nd near St. Amand (5th). It was out of line at 
the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used as an assault division on the 
Somme in March, but thereafter served as an intervention division in the Somme 
area. The division showed considerable power of resistance. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 603 





























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HISTORY. 

(4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony and part of Thuringe.) 

1915. 

The 113th division Avas organized near Sedan on March 26, 1915. Its three infantry 
regiments were taken from old divisions: the 48th from the 5th Division (3d Corps 
District — Brandenburg), the 36th from the 8th Division (4th Corps District — Prussian 
Saxony), and the 32d Reserve from the 22d Reserve Division (11th Corps District — ■ 
Thuringe). 

In March, 1917, the 48th was replaced by the 66th Regiment (old 7th Division from 
Prussian Saxony) taken from the 52d Division. 

1. Detraining at Conflans on April 8, the division spent a few days in the Woevre. 
C6tes de Meuse. 

2. It appeared along the Cotes de Meuse (Calonne trench) on April 26, 1915. 

3. From that date until January 14, 1916, it stayed around the Cotes de Meuse and 
in Woevre — Calonne trench, Ailly wood, St. Mihiel, Eparges, and Bois Bouchot. 

1916. 

1. January and February, 1916, rested at Brainville and Conflans. 
Verdun. 

2. On February 24 the 113d Division was transferred to the Verdun front. It 
participated in the attacks of the 8th and 9th of March against the village of Douau- 
mont and suffered considerable losses. In six weeks spent around Douaumont the 
losses are said to have been 30 officers and 2,000 men put out of action (letter). 
Oise. 

3. Relieved at the beginning of April it was put into line in a calm sector — region 
of Soissons, then in the region of the Oise (Tracy le Val, Puisaleine). 

Somme. 

4. In July, at the beginning of the Franco-British offensive, it detached some of its 
elements in the Somme (Peronne, July 1, then at Frise, Assevillers, and Belloy). 
The three rest battalions of the division formed in an emergency an assembled regiment 
(notebook). 

5. After a new stay in the Soissons region (August and September) the whole 
division was again engaged in the Somme between Rancourt and the St. Pierre-Vaast 
wood. It suffered very heavy losses near Bouchavesnes (Oct. 1-10). 

6. At rest from October 14 to 21 in Woevre. 
Cotes de Meuse. 

7. At the end of October, the 113th Division took over the Bonzee-Ronvaux sector 

(Cotes de Meuse). 

1917. 

1. The 113th Division stayed around the Cotes de Meuse until the end of January, 
1917. 

Alsace. 

2. At the beginning of February it went into Alsace and occupied a sector between 
the Thur and the Rhone-Rhine canal (March). 

Chemin des Dames. 

3. On April 21 it was hastily entrained at Mulhouse and transferred to the Aisne. 
It went into line on the 26th at Chemin des Dames and met the second French offen- 
sive in the Courtecon-Malval farm region (May 5). 

St. Gobain Forest. 

4. Relieved in the middle of May, it stayed at rest for six days in the vicinity of 
Assis sur Serre and thereafter in a sector in the St. Gobain forest (Deuillet-Fi'esnes). 

5. On August 10 it was put at rest behind Laon. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 605 

CraoNne. 

6. It went back into line at the end of September in the Craonne sector. As a result 
of the French offensive it fell back to the east of Hurtebise where it was relieved 
about November 10. 

7. It rested in the Laon region from the middle of November to January 20. 

RECRUITING. 

In 1917 the division took on a distinctly provincial aspect, its regiments receiving 
replacements from Prussian Saxony (the 36th Fusileers and the 66th Infantry) and 
in Thuringe (the 32d Reserve Regiment). 

A''ALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 113th Division was a good unit. It put up an energetic resistance on the 
Chemin des Dames on May 5, 1917. From that time up to the offensive of March, 
1918, it had not been seriously engaged. 

1918. 

1. Having finished its training in the Sissonne region, the 113th Division relieved 
the 235th Division about the middle of January in the Juvincourt sector (east of 
Craonne), and was itself relieved by the 5th Reserve Division on the 21st of February. 
It trained for a week at Vervins, and then moved to Wassigny, where it underwent 
more training until the 16th of March, when it marched via Bohain and Fonsommes to 
Bellicourt. 

St. Quentin. 

2. On the 21st it attacked in the first line near Maissemy (northwest of St. Quen- 
tin). Although suffering very heavy losses, the division had succeeded in pushing 
on as far as St. Christ-Briost and Pargny (on the Somme) on the 24th. It was with- 
drawn shortly after (probably on the 26th). 

AlSNE. 

3. On the 27th of May the division reenforced the Aisne front near Craonne and 
attacked in the first line. It was withdrawn about the 14th of June and went to rest 
near Conde sur Aisne (east of Soissons). 

4. The division reenforced the front near Troissy (east of Dormans) on the 15th of 
July. It was caught in the confusion caused by the Allied counteroffensive, and was 
forced to retire. It was not identified after the 22d, and so it seems as though it was 
not in line after that date until prisoners were again taken on the 29th near Villers- 
Agron (southeast of Fere en Tardenois), which is in a line almost due north of where it 
had previously been engaged. Here it took over the part of the line previously held 
by the 2d Guard Division. It was withdrawn early in August and Went to rest in 
the region southeast of Maubeuge. 

Cambrai. 

5. On the 10th of September the division reenforced the front near Metz en Couture 
(southwest of Cambrai). It was withdrawn from line near Villers-Plouich (southwest 
of Cambrai) after having lost over 1,600 prisoners about the 2d of October, and went 
to rest east of Denain. 

6. On the 22d it came back into line near Douchy (south of Denain). Two days 
later it side-slipped toward the south. It was identified in line to the north of Le 
Quesnoy in November, but was withdrawn a day or two later. It did not return to 
line. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE . 

The 113th was rated as a second-class division. Although the division commander 
received Pour le Merite and the commander of the 36th Regiment was also decorated 
after the battle of the Somme, the division does not appear to have particularly dis- 
tinguished itself there. On the whole, however, its conduct though not brilliant 
was dependable. 



606 DIVISIONS OF GERMAISr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN "WAR. 607 

HISTORY. 

(136th and ]71st Regiments: 15tli Corps District — Alsace. 40th Reserve Regiment: 
14th Corps District — Grand Duchy of Baden.) 

1915. 

Formed in April, 1915, near Tournai, the 115th Division received the 136th and 
171st from the 30th and 39th Divisions (15th Corps), respectively, and the 40th Reserve 
Regiment from the 28th Reserve Division (14th Reserve Corps). 

1. In April, 1915, the 115th Division was in reserve in the Tournai-Courtrai region. 
Artois. 

2. In May it was sent as a reenforcement to the north of Arras and fought at Notre 
Dame de Lorette and Neuville St. Vaast and was sorely tried. The infantry losses 
amounted to 128 officers and 5,208 men out of action (Casualty List), of which 47 
officers and 2,258 men belonged to the 171st Regimetot. 

AlSNE. 

3. Relieved about June 15, the 115th Division took over the Missy sux Aisne sector 
(east of Soissons), which it occupied until the last days of July. 

Russia. 

4. At the end of July it was tra,nsf erred to the Eastern Front, and for a time in 
August operated on the Narew. 

5. It took part in the summer offensive. It was before Kovno on August 19, in the 
region of Vileiki at the end of September, and near Narotch Lake at the beginning of 
October. 

1916. 
Postavy-Narotch Lake. 

1. The 115th Division occupied the Postavy-Narotch Lake gector until the begin- 
ning of August, 1916. 

Galicia. 

2. About August 2 the division was transferred to Galicia. It was engaged to the 
west of Zalosce (south of Brody), August to September. 

VOLHYNIA. 

3. In October it was in line in Volhynia to the west of Loutsk (Sviniouki). The 
171st was kept to the southwest of Brody with the Melior detachment. 

ROUMANIA. 

4. In the middle of December the 115th Division was transferred from Volhynia 
to Roumania, where, together with the 109th Division, it made up the 54th Corps, 
which operated between Buzeu and the Danube. 

1917.. 
Roumania. 

1. In January, 1917, the 115th Division took a position on the Roumanian front to 
the south of Namoloasa and stayed in this sector until the middle of August. 

2. It was then in line to the north of Focsani, in the Panciu-Marasesti region 
(August-December) . 

RECRUITING. 

The Grand Duchy of Baden and the Rhenish countries supplied the greater part 
of the recruits. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved on the Roumanian front onFe bruary 1 l^y an Austrian 
division and rested in the Braila area during February and March. On April 8 it 
entrained and traveled via Budapest-Vienna-Prague-Dresden-Coblenz-Cologne- 



608 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Aachen-Liege-Brussels to Lille, when it detrained about April 18. About the 21st 
the division reentrained and was railed to Antwerp, where it went through a course 
of intensive training. 
Battle of the Marne. 

The division left Antwerp on May 21 and traveled via Brussels-Mons-Maubeuge- 
Le Cateau-Bohain, detraining north of St. Quentin on May 22. Four days later it 
continued its journey by rail to Versigny, southeast of La Fere, and was billeted in 
the Crepy area until May 29. On the fallowing day it left and marched via Chaille- 
voois-Vailly (May 31)-Ambrief (June l)-Villers-Helon (2d) and relieved the 37th 
Division near Longpont on the Aisne battle front on the night of June 2-3. It with- 
stood the Allied counterthrust at Corey in July, suffering heavy losses. It was relieved 
on the night of July 19-20. 
Verdun. 

2. The division was moved to Brieulles and in the first days of August relieved 
the 22d Reserve Division in the sector Malancourt-Forges. In this vicinity it re- 
mained until September 19, when it was relieved by the 7th Reserve Division. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

3. On the second day of the American attack the division returned to bolster up 
the line in the Gesnes area. The division now included the 173d Regiment, which 
came from the 223d Division (dissolved) to supplant the 40th Reserve Regiment 
(disbanded). The division took part in the several captures and recaptures of Gesnes. 
It fought hard and suffered heavy losses before its relief on October 12 by the 3d 
Guard Division. Two days later it came back to support the 3d Guard Division and 
was engaged in the fighting around Romagne until October 18. On November 1 the 
division again came into line near Remonville and fought until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was badly hit on July 18 by the French 
attack and later in the Argonne. It showed good qualities in the Meuse fighting and 
was mentioned in the official German communique. 



DIVISIONS OF GEKMAI^ ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 609 



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610 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(6th Corps District — Silesia.) 

1915. 

The 117th Division was created by the 7th Army near Liart about April 7, 1915. 
Its three regiments were obtained from tne 6th Corps and the 6th Reserve Corps — the 
157th Infantry from the 12th Division, the 11th Reserve Regiment from the 11th 
Reserve Division, and the 22d Reserve Regiment from the 12th Reserve Division. 

1. In April, 1915, the 117th Division was in Champagne (region of Ch^telet). 
Artois-Notee Dame de Lorettb. 

2. Transferred to Artois, it was engaged to the north of Sonchez and at Notre Dame 
de Lorette (May and June). In tMs fighting it was hard liit, 107 officers and 5,255 
men out of action, of whom 44 officers and 2,161 men belong to the 1 1th Infantry. (Cas- 
ualty List.) 

3. The division was re-formed at the end of June in the region of Lille. 

Lens. 

4. Toward the middle of July it went back into line to the northwest of Lens (from 
Vermelles to the Grenay-Lens railway). It suffered very heavy losses in the attacks 
occurring at the end of September and the beginning of October (Loos) — 109 officers 
and 6,463 men out of action. (Casualty List.) 

5. Taken away from the Artois front in the middle of October, it was put at rest in 
the vicinity of Roubaix-Tourcoing. 

Flanders. 

6. At the end of October it took over the Messines sector. 

1916. 

1. The 117th Division occupied the Messines front until the beginning of March, 
1916. 

2. Rest at Courtrai; instruction and training at the Beverloo Camp (March-April 
and May). 

Ypres. 

3. At the beginning of June the division went into line to the east of Ypres (near 
the road from Ypres to Menin, and until July 20). 

SOMME. 

4. On July 23 it went to the Somme (Pozieres); it was engaged from the end of July 
to the middle of August. 

5. On August 17 the division entrained for the Eastern Front. 

BUKOVINE. 

6. It was identified in the Carpathian Mountains as part of the 3d Aiistro-Hungarian 
Army (region of Jablonica, October). 

1917. 
Carpathian Mountains. 

1. The 117th Division remained here (Jablonica, Worochta, Koeroesmezoe, Jacobeni 
sectors) until the middle of May, 1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. At the end of May it was transferred via Maramaros-Sziget to the Roumanian 
front (Putna valley, region of Ocna, June-September). At rest in Transylvania in 
September and was there reequipped for mountain warfare. 

Italy. 

3. Sent to Italy at the beginning of October, it was on the 24th behind Tolmino aa 
an army reserve. In December it was on the left bank of the Piave. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 611 

RECRUITING. 

Silesian division, with recruits coming especially from Upper Silesia (mining dis- 
trict and mountainous districts), it was used on several occasions as mountain troops 
(CarpatMans, Italy). 

On the Carpatliian, Roumanian, and Italian fronts (August, 1916-March, 1918). 

1918. 
Lorraine. 

1. The division rested in the vicinity of Vahl-Ebersing until April 6, when it en- 
trained at St. Avoid and moved to Lille. It went into billets near there on the 7th 
and came into line near Neuve Eglise on April 13. 

Battle op the Lys. 

2. It was engaged in the Bailleul, Kemmel, and La Clyette area until the 1st of May. 
After a few days in support, the division reentered west of Dranoutre on May 4 and held 
that sector until mid-May. 

3. The division rested near La Madeleine. Its units were very much weakened. 
The 11th Reserve Regiment was disbanded about May 16 and transferred its effectives 
to the other two regiments of the division. It was replaced by the 11th Grenadier 
Regiment, wloich was brought from the Macedonian front about May 21. The division 
remained at rest until about June 3, when it was again reported in line near Voorme- 
zeele. 

Battle op the Somme. 

4. The division held that sector without event until June 25, when it was with- 
drawn and sent to rest near Ghent. On August 4 it was moved by rail to Peronne, 
where it went into the Vrely-Hangest wood sector until August 18. In the British 
attack south of the Somme on August 8 the division lost about 2,700 prisoners. 

On August 27 it reenforced the battle front at Maricourt for a couple of days. It 
was withdrawn about September 1. 

Argonne. 

5. The division rested and was reconstituted in rear of the Argonne front in early 
September. The 22d Reserve Regiment suffered so heavily on the Somme that it 
was dissolved and its men divided between the other two regiments. The 450th 
Regiment from the dissolved 233d Division replaced the 22d Reserve Regiment in 
the division. 

6. About September 12, the division relieved the 37th Division in line near Avo- 
court. It was swamped in the first drive of the American Army on September 26. 
Elements kept up the fight until September 29, when they were withdrawn after 
having been pressed back to about Cierges. Its defense was not particularly vigorous, 
but was better than that of the divisions on either side. Its total losses were estimated 
at 3,200, including 1,861 prisoners. 

Meuse. 

7. On November 2 the division returned to line just west of the Meuse. While 
resting at Juvigny the division received replacements. In the retreat it crossed to 
the east bank of the Meuse and was in line on the day of the armistice. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second-class. Up to the middle of June the division 
seems to have been a holding rather than an attacking one. After the Somme battle 
in August its effectives were feeble and morale low. It had many older men, re- 
turned wounded, and convalescents, and a large number of Poles and Alsatians. 



612 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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614 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAE" AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTOEY. 

(5th Corps District — Posen and Lower Silesia.) 

1915. 
Galicia — Poland. 

1. Formed in April, 1915. Its three regiments were obtained from divisions be- 
longing to the 5th Army — the 46th from the 10th Division, the 58th from the 9th 
Division, and the 46th Reserve from the 10th Reserve Division. Assembled in annex- 
ed Lorraine, it was sent to Galicia for the April German offensive. The division took 
part in the battle of Gorlice at the end of the month. 

2. In July it was iu Poland, west of the Wieprz, and at the end of October in the 

region of Baranovitchi. 

1916. 
Baranovitchi. 

1. In January, 1916, the division held a sector to the east of Baranovitchi (Russia), 

Narotch Lake. 

2. About March 28 it went to Narotch Lake and opposed the Russian offensive. 

3. Sorely tried on March 30, it was relieved on April 7. 
Smorgoni. 

4. In May it was found at the west of Smorgoni. 
Galicia. 

5. It was transferred to Galicia at the end of June at the time of the Russian offen- 
sive. Engaged on July 27, it suffered heavy losses. The 1st Battalion of the 58th 
was almost entirely captured and the division retired 15 km. (letter). On August 7 
new losses at Tlumacz. The division was placed in reserve behind Stanislau until 
the beginning of September. On September 6 it reappeared on the front in the 

region of Halicz. 

1917. 
Galicia. 

1. The division stayed near Halicz until March 9, 1917. It was then sent to the 
vicinity of Brzezany, where it was almost immediately put in reserve. 

2. At the beginning of May it was sent to the Western Front. (Itinerary: Brzezany 
(May 3)-Lemberg-Breslau-Liegnitz-Dresden-Leipzig-Cassel-Frankfort-Aix la Cha- 
pelle-Liege-Brussels-Roulers (May 8). 

Flanders. 

3. Ypres sector; went into line at the beginning of June and was relieved on July 18. 

4. Bixschoote sector; went into line at the beginning of August. The division met 
the attack in Flanders, in which it suffered serious losses on August 16. The 9th 
Company of the 58th Infantry was reduced to 38 men (notebook). On the 9th and 10th 
of October there were new engagements. 

5. Relieved from the front on October 15 the division rested in the vicinity of Gand. 
Cambrai. 

6. After a month's rest the 119th Division went into line on the Cambrai front to 
participate in the counterattacks which followed the surprise attack of November 20. 
It fought here from the 23d to the 27th, not without some losses. 

7. Relieved after December 6, the division was reorganized in the vicinity of Soles- 
mes. 

RECRUITING. 

This division recruited from the 5th Corps District. A document dated November 
23, 1917, described the division as composed of "regiments of Lower Silesia and 
Posen." In order to overcome the majority of Poles, the division received recruits 
from the 3d and 6th Corps Districts (Brandenburg and Silesia), which were fruit- 
ful sources of recruiting. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 615 

Twenty-one per cent of the prisoners taken from the 119th Division in August, 1917, 
belonged to the 1917 class. The ].918 class was meagerly represented. The 46th 
Reserve Regiment had a large proportion of Poles. The soldiers from Alsace-Lorraine 
remained on the Eastern. Front when the division left Galicia (May, 1917). 

1918. 

1. About the end of January the division was relieved near Pronville by the 20th 
Division. It replaced the 3d Guard Division astride the Bapaume-Cambrai road 
about February 12. The date of its relief in tliis sector is not known. A captured 
diaiy shows that the division was training in the Helesmes area (north of Denain) 
until the middle of March. On the 16th it marched to Noyelles sur Selle, and on the 
following day reached Cambrai, where it remained until March 20. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. The division came into line near Inchy on the 21st and took part in the initial 
attack. It was withdrawn on the 23d and rested two days. It reappeared in line on 
the 25th and fought southeast of Hebuterne until relieved by the 5th Bavarian Re- 
serve Division on April 7-8. The division lost heavily in this fighting. 

Battle of the Lys. 

3. Withdrawn from the Somme, the division reentered the Lys battle line on April 
26 near Locon. It was engaged there until early in May (6th), when it was withdrawn 
near Hinges and rested in the area Lille-Tournai until June 11 . On that date it marched 
to Orchies, was railed to Le Forest, and from there came into line via Noyelle, re- 
lieving the 12th Reserve Division on the night of June 13-14. While at rest the divis- 
ion received a number of drafts, mostly of the 1919 class. 

4. The division held the Mericourt sector until the night of July 12-13, when it was 
relieved by the 52d Division and took over the billets of the 52d Division in the Orchies 
area. 

5. The division rested until August 1, when it moved to Ham via Douai-Cambrai- 
Caudry-Bohain-St. Quentin. Then it rested until August 8, when it was alarmed 
and rushed up in busses to the Le Quesnel sector. 

Battle OF THE Somme. 

6. On August 9 the division was engaged south of the Somme. In the fighting it 
lost about 900 prisoners before its relief on August 17. On August 27-28 it returned 
to line in the Misery-Licourt sector and remained in Line until September 24, when it 
was withdrawn from west of Bellenglise. After a week's rest the division reentered 
Line at Estrees; was engaged for 17 days in the Beaurevoir-Le Cateau area. Since 
August 8 it has lost nearly 3,000 prisoners. 

Yores. 

7. The division rested at Ghent until October 27, when it relieved the 3d Landwehr 
Division south of Machelen. It retreated via Olsene to Nazareth, in wliich area it 
was withdrawn about November 9. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used as an attack division in the 
March and April offensives. While on the defensive in August and September on 
the Somme it was decimated. 



616 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GF.KMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 617 

HISTORY. 

(60th Regiment: 21st Corps District — -Lower Alsace. 7th Reserve Regiment; 5th 
Corps District— Posen. 56 Reserve Regiment; 7th Corps District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The 121st Division was formed in the Falkenhausen Army in Lorraine in April, 1915. 
Its three regiments came from divisions which had been in existence for some time. 
The 60th came from the 31st Division (21st Corps), the 7th Reserve from the 9th 
Reserve Division (5th Reserve Corps), and the 56th Reserve from the 13th Reserve 
Division (7th Reserve Corps). These regiments were brought together in the region 
of St. Avold-Faulquemont at the beginning of April and on the 9th reached Thiau- 
court, Euvezin, and the Mort Mare wood (notebooks). 
Haye. 

1. The 121st Division next appeared in the Bois de Pr^tre sector at the beginning 
of May, 1915. 

2. It stayed there until the end of February, 1916. 

1916. 

1. The division left the Bois de Pretre on March 1, 1916, and rested in the vicinity 
of Metz. 

Verdun. 

2. On March 15 it came to the, Verdun front (north of Vaux). On April 1 it attacked 
and took the village of Vaux; it again attacked on April 11 and made progress between 
Vaux and Douaumont, paying dearly for the advance. 

3. Relieved from the Verdun front on April 20, it was put at rest near St. Avoid 
until May 15. It had lost 58 per cent of its infantry strength in front of Verdun. 
From March 18 to May 30 the 6th Company of the 7th Reserve Regiment received no 
less than 192 replacements. 

SOMME. 

4. Transferred to Peronne by way of Sedan, Charleville, Hirson, and Bohain, the 
121st Division went into line on the left bank of the Somme on May 18. 

5. On July 1, while in this sector, it was surprised by the French offensive and suf- 
fered heavy losses (numerous prisoners). 

6. Relieved on July 4, it was put at rest and reorganized. 
Russia. 

7. On July 18 it entrained for the Eastern Front. (Itinerary: Aix la Chapelle- 
Cologne-Thorn, Warsaw, and Brest-Litowsk.) 

KOVEL. 

8. Taking over the Kovel sector on July 26, it launched counteratta-cks, in which it 
was sorely tried. 

1917. 
Narotch Lake. 

1. At the beginning of January, 1917, the 121st Division left the Kovel sector to go 
into the region of Narotch Lake and stayed in the latter place until May 17. 
France. 

2. On May 20 it entrained for France. (Itenerary: Vilna-Insterberg-Allenstein- 
Bromberg-Landsberg-Berlin-Stendal-I^Iinden-Duesseldorf-Aix la Chapelle-Ver- 
viers-Liege-Brussels-Audenarde.) It detrained at Elsegem on May 25. 
Cambresis. 

3. Transferred to Cambrai on June 10, it took over the Mceuvres-Avrincourt sector, 
which it occupied from June 12 to the beginning of August. 



618 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

4. It was thereafter brought to the Ypres front to the south of the railway running 
from Ypres to Roulers (Aug. 19). Artillery fire caused it to lose heavily; the British 
attack of September 20, of which it bore the brunt, increased its losses. Before the 
battle of the 20th the 12th Company of the 56 th Reserve Regiment was reduced to 65 
men, of whom 40 were men of the class of 1918. The 9th Company was entirely de- 
stroyed or captured. 

5. Relieved in the night of the 21st of September the division was sent to rest (region 
of Mars la Tour) and reorganized (more than 2,000 men coming from the 605th and 
614th Landstrum, Batallion X 12, and the 109th Landwehr). These replacements 
were very heterogeneous— soldiers from Westphalia, Hanover, Baden, Magdeberg 
(men previously wounded and convalescents) . 

Cotes de Meuse. 

6. At the beginning of October the 121st Division took over a sector near Cotes de 
Meuse (les Eparges, Ravin de Malochis). It stayed there until about April 10, 1918. 

KECRUITING. 

The name "7th Brandeberger " for the 60th Infantry was only of historic interest. 
The regiment recruited almost entirely in Westphalia. The 56th Reserve Regiment 
was also recruited in Westphalia, and there were numerous soldiers from there in the 7th 
Reserve Regiment to counterbalance the numerous Poles in the 5th Corps District; 
hence the make-up of the division was for the most part Westphalian. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 121st Division fought very well in its last battle in Flanders (September, 1917) 
and was put to a good test. 

In March, 1918, the number of men in the ranks who had taken part in these attacks 
was about 35 or 40 per cent, and the replacements used after the battle of Flanders 
were generally of inferior military value. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved on the Woevre about April 11. It entrained on April 
24 at Conflans and traveled via Sedan-Charleville-Hirson-Valenciennes to Pont a 
Marcq, where it detrained on April 26, after a journey of about 20 hours. It came into 
line in the Dranoutre sector on May 2 in relief of the 10th Erzsatz Division. 

LOCRE. 

2. It held the Locre sector until May 21, when it was relieved by the 16th Bavarian 
Division. On June 19 it returned to its former sector at Dranoutre and held it until 
July 7. 

3. The division rested in the Tourcoing area until July 31, when it entrained and 
traveled via Courtrai-Valenciennes-St. Quentin to Laon, where it detrained on the 
following day. Here it rested until 5 p. m. on August 8, when it was alarmed and 
marched to the La Fere area (19 miles) , arriving on the next day about 11a.m. On the 
same day at 8 p. m. the division was again alarmed and was moved in motor busses 
via Chauny-Noyon-Roye to the Damery area, where it arrived on the 10th of August 
about 10 a. m. and was immediately engaged. 

Battle of the Somme. 

4. The division fell back by Parvillers-Damery-Fresnoy-Cremery-Sept Fours- 
Nesle to the east bank of the Somme Canal. It was relieved on the night of September 
1-2 by the 25th Reserve Division. The division lost 800 prisoners in this fighting. 

5. It rested in early September in the Maretz area (southeast of Cambrai). On Sep- 
tember 18 it was hurried to the line and counterattacked at Bonyon that evening. 



DIVISIOlSrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 619 

Until October 1 it was engaged at Hargicourt, Villeret, and Le Catelet. After only four 
days of rest the division again came into line on October 5 in the Gouy area. It was 
withdrawn to be reorganized on October 9. 

6. After resting near Maubeuge the division returned to line west of Catillon on the 
night of October 18-19. It fought for about seven days between that place and Ors. 
On November 6 it was engaged at Maroilles and was in line near Limont-Fontaine on 
the day of the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was an average division. In the final 
campaign it showed no particular power of resistance and lost abnormally in prisoners. 



620 DIVISIONS OF GERMAiSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 





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HISTORY. 

(178th and 351st Regiments: 12th Corps District — Saxony. 106th Reserve Regi- 
ment: 19th Corps District — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The division was formed in April, 1915, by taking three regiments (178th, 182d, 
and 106th Reserve) from established divisions of the 12th Corps the 12th Reserve 
Corps (Saxons). In October, 1916, the 182d Regiment was transferred to the 216th 
Division and was replaced by the 425th Infantry, which was also transferred from this 
division in March, 1917, and replaced by the 351st Regiment (Saxon). 
Champagne. 

1. In May, 1915, the 123d Division occupied the region northwest of Rheims. 

2. At the end of May it was transported to Lille, where it seems to have been trans- 
ferred as a reserve; in the middle of June it was in the vicinity of Arras. 

Artois. 

3. It next occupied different sectors in Artois. 

4. In September it held the Souchez front. On October 8 it took part in the attack 
on Loos and left Artois in the middle of that month. 

Flanders. 

5. After a rest at Lille the division went to Flanders (November), where it held a 
.sector south of the canal from Ypres to Comines. 

1916. 
Flanders. 

1. In the middle of March, 1916, the 123d Division was put at rest near Bruges. 

2. It was temporarily in line about April 9 at St. Eloi; then remained as a reserve 
to the armies in the \T.cinity of Menin and Courtrai until July 5. 

Somme. 

3. At this date it was transferred to the Somme and fought near Hardecourt and 
Maurepas until July 22, losing more than 6,000 men. 

Russia. 

4. At the beginning of August, 1916, the 123d Division left the Western Front for 
the Russian front. 

Narotch Lake. 

5. It went into line in the region of Narotch Lake about September. 

1917. 
Narotch Lake-Mitau. 

1. At the end of January, 1917, the 106th Reserve Regiment was detached as a reen- 
forcement in the Mitau sector, which was menaced by a Russian attack. 

In March the 425th Infantry (Prussian) was exchanged for the 351st Infantry, 
which had been grouped under this number since 1915, and was originally three 
battalions of the Saxon replacement depot of the old war garrison of Breslau. 
Smorgoni. 

2. In the middle of August the division, -r hich up to that time had held the Narotch 
Lake sector, was engaged between Smorgoni and Krevo. 

3. It again retiirned to the Narotch Lake vicinity in November. 
France. 

4. About November 8 it was transferred to France. (Itinerary: Chavli-Varsovie- 
Lodz-Kalich-Cottbus-Cassel-Frankfort on the Main-Sarrebrueck-Metz). It de- 
trained at Piennes, Baroncourt, and was billeted in that district for eight days. 



622 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Meuse. 

5. About November 22 it took over a sector on the Verdun front (south of Bezon- 
vaux). It stayed there all winter. It was identified to the southeast of Damloup 
in February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Since March, 1917, there have been but Saxons in the 123d Division. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 123d Division had but a mediocre combat value by reason of its long stay in 
calm sectors on the Russian front. 

In Russia it fraternized on two occasions, the second one at the time of its last stay 
on the Russian front. 

The losses of the division on the Russian front were almost nothing and it suffered 
no losses on the Verdun front until February, 1918. 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1. The division continued to hold the uneventful Bezonvaux sector imtil June 3, 
when it was relieved by the 7th Reserve Division. 

Rheims. 

2. On the night of June 18-19 it relieved the 232d Division north of the Bligny 
(southwest of Rheims). It participated in the attack of July 15 and made a slight 
advance. On the 20th it was relieved. 

3. The division marched by Savigny-Trigny-Bourgogne-Houdicourt. It was 
railed to Asfeld.and rested at Sery. On the 27th it marched to Novion-Porcien and 
was railed to Montmedy. From there it marched to Grand Failly, where it camped 
imtil the 31st. 

Verdun. 

4. On August 8 the division relieved the 6th Bavarian Division near Samogrieux 
and rested in that sector until September 3. 

St. Mihiel. 

5. After it rested in the St. Mihiel sector until September 12, it was put into line 
at Thiaiicourt to check the American offensive. It remained there until the night 
of October 7-8, when it was withdrawn. 

6. The division was moved by autotrucks to Dun via Spincourt-Billy-Damvillers- 
Haraumont-Fontaines, arriving there on the night of October 9-10. It marched into 
line near Cunel on October 11. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

7. The division was engaged in almost continuous fighting without any major attack, 
until it was withdrawn on October 25. While it did not win special merit for its 
defense, it fought persistently and was quick to take every advantage of the terrain. 
The division lost 238 prisoners and 2,200 other casualties (estimated). The division 
was considered in reserve of the 5th Army at the time of the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. Its conduct in the July offensive was medi- 
ocre and in the Argonne it did nothing to distinguish itself. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 623 






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624 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(184th. Regiment: 4tli Corps District — Prussian Saxony. 418th Regiment: 18th. Corps 
District — Grand Duchy of Hesse. 440th Reserve Regiment: 10th Corps District — 
Hanover and Grand Duchy of Oldenberg.) 

1915. 

The 183d Di^dsion (known as the 183d Brigade until June, 1916) was created at 
Cambrai in May, 1915. It comprised at that time the 183d Infantry (Saxon) and 
the 184th Infantry (Prussian), to wMch there was added in July, 1915, the 122d Reserve 
Regiment (Wurttemberg), three newly formed regiments, the 184th being organized 
out of companies taken from various regiments of the 7th and 8th Divisions. In 
November, 1916, the 183d Division was modified. Two of its original regiments 
(the 183d and the 122d Reserve) were respectively replaced by the newly formed 
418th and 440th Reserve — the 418th Regiment being formed from companies of the 
111th Division, the Ersatz Division of the Guard, the 8th Ersatz Division, and the 
10th Ersatz Division, and the 440th Reserve Regiment being organized out of various 
elements, including the 3d Battalion of the 79th Reserve Regiment and the 4th 
Battalion of the 75th Landwehr. 

AlSNE. 

1. In June, 1915, the 183d Brigade occupied the Missy sur Aisne sector (east of 
Soissons). 

2. At the end of June it was' engaged at Quennevieres. 
Lorraine. 

3. Transferred to Lorraine (end of July), it stayed there until the end of September 
(region of Benestroff ) . 

Champagne. 

4. It was brought to the Champagne front (between Prunay and Souain) about 
September 23 and opposed the French offensive (September-October). The 184th 
Infantry was nearly wiped out on September 25, the 183d losing a very large number 
of prisoners. 

5. Relieved from the front in November, the brigade was put at rest in the vicinity 
of Charleroi. 

1916. 

1. In January, 1916, the division was in resen'^e in the vicinity of Machault. 
Champagne. 

2. From February to May it was on the Champagne front near the Souain-Somme 
Py road. 

3. June; at rest (region of Toumai). At the end of June the 183d Brigade became 
the 183d Division by changing the 183d Field Artillery Detatchment into a regiment. 

SOMME. 

4. On July 2 it was brought to the north of the Somme and engaged in the vicinity 
of Poziferes-Contalmaison until July 24. It suffered very heavy losses here — ^from the 
10th to the 15th the 184th Infantry lost about 2,000 men. 

5. About July 25 it was withdrawn from the front and reorganized. (It received 
2,000 replacements, mostly men from the 1916 and 1917 classes.) 

Artois. 

6. From the end of July to September 21: Neuville-St. Vaast sector (north of 
Arras). 

Somme. 

7. From the beginning of October to the 21st it went into its second engagement 
on the Somme (Belloy-Deni6court sector) and was again sorely tried. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 625 

C6tes de Meuse. 

8. November 15 to February, 1917, C6tes de Meuse (Lamorville-Spada sector.) 
In November the 183d Division was reorganized and became entirely Prussian (present 
compos 'tion) .---^ 

1917. 

1. From the middle of February to the beginning of April, 1917, it was at rest in the 
region of Ccmfians, then in the vicinity of Anizy le Chateau. 

Chemin des Dames. 

2. At the beginning of April the 183d Division came to strengthen the Chavonne- 
Soupir-Braye en Laonnois sector. WhiLe-<)pposing the French attack of April 16 it 
suffered very heavy losses (2,100 prisoners) r-artS while fighting fell back to the 
Chemin des Dames (April 18-21). As a result of the losses on the 16th the companies 
of the 184th Regiment were reduced to 25 to 30 men. 

3. The division was relieved on April 21. In May the 184th Regiment received 
1,500 replacements from the 4th Corps District, half of which belong to the class of 1918 . 

Alsace. 

4. From May 11 to June 24 it held the Aspach-Rhone to Rhine Canal sector. 

5. From the end of Jime to July 31 it was at rest, successively to the south of Colmar 
(15 days), near Friberg, and to the south of Longuyon (Pierrepont). 

6. It entrained at Longuyon for Belgium (July 31) and detrained at Roulers the 1st 
and 2d of August. 

Flanders. 

7. On August 15 the division was engaged near St. Julien (southwest of Poelcappelle) 
until August 20. 

Cambrai. 

8. After a short rest in the region of Cambrai it took over the Vendhuile-Hargicourt 
sector, to the west of Catelet, on September 9. On November 20 part of the 440th 
Reserve Regiment was sent as a reenforcement to the south of Cambrai (Masni^res) ; 
later the entire 183d Division was transferred to the northeast of Vendhuile to cover 
the flank of the German attack executed on November 30. 

RECRUITING. 

The 183d was more homogeneous than it seemed at first glance. The recruits of the 
9th and 10th Corps District were often mixed and the 418th and 440th Regiments 
have many men from the same Provinces. Also the 184th received in the main men 
from that portion of the 4th Corps District which adjoined the 10th Corps District 
(Harz section). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

During the French attack of April 16, 1917, the division as a whole showed up well. 
The 418th and the 440th Reserve gave proof of Adgor and courage and only gave way 
under continual pressure of the opposing troops. 

It seemed that the German Command wished to reward the division for this resist- 
tance by giving Gen. von Schuessler, commanding the 183d Division, the Ordre pour 
le M^rite. 

The 183d Division was sorely tried in the course of these attacks and had to be 
entirely reorganized. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division held the Vendhuile sector until February 2, when it was relieved 
by the 79th Reserve Division. It returned to this part of the line on Feljruary 25, 
relieving the 79th Reserve Division. It took part in the attack of March 21, advancing 
by Epehy (21st), Manancourt (23d), to Bazentiu (25th). It retired to rest at Contal- 
maison. 

125651°— 20 40 



626 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Albert. 

2. The division received drafts in early April. On the 16th it came into line north 
of Albert and held there for four weeks. On the 13th of May it was relieved by the 
243d Division. 

3. On the 19th the division was engaged at Ville sur Ancre, but after four days in 
line it was relieved and sent to a quiet sector. 

WOEVRE. 

4. On June 22 the division took over the Regnieville sector, which it held until 
July 14 without event. It was relieved by the 77th Reserve Division on that date. 

5. It entrained at Thiaucoxirt on July 16 and traveled via Montmedy-Sedan- 
Charleville-Charleroi-Mons- Valenciennes and detrained near Cambrai on the night of 
July 17-18. From there it marched to Ypres, rested there for six days, and on the 
25th relieved the 26th Reserve Division in the Hebuterne sector. 

Battle op the Somme. 

6. The division was struck by the British offensive in August, and before it was 
withdrawn near Irles on August 24 it had suffered heavy casualties, including the loss 
of 1,400 prisoners. 

7. It marched to Cambrai, where it remained three days. On the 28th it was 
marched to Douai and entrained for Lille, from where it marched to Templemars. 
On the night of September 3-4 it relieved the 18th Reserve Division north of the 
La Bassee Canal. 

8. The division was engaged in the La Bassee sector until September 10. Immedi- 
ately after, it was withdrawn from line the division was dissolved. The 440th Reserve 
Regiment was sent as a draft to the 11th Division. The other two regiments of the 
division were also disbanded and used as drafts. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used as an assault division in the 
March offensive but thereafter deteriorated. It was next seriously employed on the 
Somme in August, where its tremendous losses robbed it of fm'ther utility. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(65tli and 161st Regiments: 8th Corps District — Rhenish Pro\dnce. 28th Reserve 
Regiment: 8th Corps District — Rhenish Province.) 

1915. 

The division was created in May, 1915. Merely a brigade (the 185th) at the outset, 
it was composed of the 185th Infantry (from various Baden regiments), of the 186th 
Regiment (Hessian elements), and of the 190th Regiment (Westphalian elements). 
Later the 185th Brigade underwent changes which entirely changed its original 
composition. 

Hebuterne. 

1. In June, 1915, the 185th and 186th Infantry Regiments were engaged in the 
vicinity of Hebuterne. 

2. The three regiments of the 185th Brigade entrained at Douai at the end of 
July and were transferred to Alsace. 

Alsace. 

3. At first it was in reserve in the region of Mulhouse; later it was put in line be- 
tween Altkirch and the Swiss frontier, where it stayed until the end of September. 
Champagne. 

4. At the beginning of October it was in Champagne holding the sector west of 
the Souain-Somme Py road. 

1916. 

1. The 185th Brigade stayed on the Champagne front (Tahure) until the middle 
of June, 1916. 

Somme. 

2. At the beginning of July it opposed the Franco-British offensive in the Somme 
at the northeast of Fricourt, near Thiepval, Contalmaison, and Bazentin (beginning 
of July to the 18th). It suffered serious losses. 

3. At the end of July it rested at St. Quentin, Vermand and Cateau. At this time 
the 185th Brigade became the 185th Division by the transformation of its field artillery 
detachment into a regiment. 

OlSE-AlSNE. 

4. In August it held a sector to the west of Soissons (from the Oise to Chevillecourt). 
The 185th Division was reorganized by the transfer of its three infantry regiments 
which were replaced by the 65th and the 161st Infantry from the 15th Division and 
by the 28th Reserve Regiment from the 16th Reserve Division — ^both Rhenish 
divisions. 

Somme. 

5. The 185th, thus reorganized, was brought back to the Somme about Sep- 
tember 7. It was engaged near Ginchy and Combles until the middle of October. 

6. After a short stay north of Soissons (end of October to the beginning of Novem- 
ber) it came back for a third time in the Somme district (Saillise, night of Nov. 10-11). 
Here it was again put to a test. 

7. It left the Somme on December 9 and rested in Belgium (Alost). 

1917. 

1. At the beginning of January elements of the division were in line to the south 
of Grenier wood (region of Lille). 

Flanders. 

2. The division occupied a sector north of Ypres (Wieltje) from the beginning of 
February to April 15, 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 629 

Artois. 

3. About April 20 it was engaged in front of Arras (to the north of the Scarpe until 
the beginning of May). Losses sustained obliged it to have recourse to a distant 
source for replacements: the Ersatz Truppe of Warsaw (class of 1918 and men put 
back of the 1917 class), which reenforcements arrived at top speed on May 5. 

La Basee. 

4. The division held the La Basee sector (Hulluch-Vermelles) from the end of 
May to September 21. 

5. In October it was at rest for three weeks in the vicinity of Carvin. 
Flanders-Cambrai. 

6. Transferred to Belgium (Oct. 28) it took over a sector to the west of Houthulst 
Forest (Nov. 6-7). In December it was on the Cambrai front (until alaout Jan. 10, 
1918). 

RECRUITING. 

Since August, 1916, the division had been entirely composed of r.egiments coming 
from the Rhine Province (8th Corps District) and as such is entirely homogeneous. 

value — 1917 estimate. 

The 185th Division gave good account of itself in all the battles in which it took part. 

1918. 

1. The 185th DiAdsion was withdrawn from the Cambrai front near Gonnelieu, being 
relieved by the 9th Reserve Division during the night of January 11-12. It went 
to the Solesmes area, where it was trained with a view of being used in offensive 
operations. 

Arras. 

2. About the middle of February it relieved the 24th Division near Monchy le 
Preux (southeast of Arras). On the 28th of March it attacked with all three regi- 
ments, and suffered heavy losses from enfilade machine-gun fire; officer casualties 
for the division amounted to 90. It was withdrawn about the 27th of April. 

3. It relieved the 26th Reserve Division near Mercatel (southeast of Arras) be- 
tween the 13th and 16th of May. It was relieved by the 39th Division during the 
night of August 2-3. 

SOMME. 

4. On the 18th it reenforced the front near Herleville (south of Bray). It was 
withdrawn on September 5. 

5. On the 18th it reenforced the front near Villeret (northwest of St. Quentin), 
and was withdrawn on the 1st of October. During these last two engagements the 
division lost heavily, more than 2,050 in prisoners alone. 

6. A week later it reenforced the front near Ligny en Cambresis (west of Le Cateau). 
It was withdrawn on the 25th. 

7. After a fortnight's rest it relieved the 6th Division southwest of Mons on the 
8th of November. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

Thie 185th was rated as a second-class division. Although trained in open warfare, 
it was used in only one of the great German offensives, and there did nothing to 
indicate that it merited a better rating. 



630 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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HISTORY. 

(187th Regiment: 9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein. 188th Regiment: 4th Corps 
District — Prussian Saxony. 189th Regiment: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1915. 

The 187th Division (the 187th Brigade until June, 1916) was created May 20, 1915. 
Its regiments were made up as follows: The 187th, from the 9th Corps District; the 
188th, from the 4th Corps District; and the 189th, a Brandenburger unit. 

Alsace. 

1. In June, 1915, the 187th Brigade was sent to Alsace and stayed in line in the 
Fecht valley and the vicinity (Metzeral-Sondernach-Hilsenfirst-Reichackerkopf) 
until the end of December. 

2. It next went to rest in the vicinity of Colmar. 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1. At the end of January, 1916, it went back in line in the Fecht valley and the 
region of Guebwiller. It was kept there until the summer, participating in battles 
for the possession of the heights (Hartmannswillerkopf, Reichackerkopf). 

2. At the beginning of July the 187th Brigade became the 187th Division by the 
transformation of its field artillery detachment into a regiment. 
Transylvania. 

3. Relieved at the end of August from the Muenster, it rested eight days at Rouffach 
then entrained at Colmar for the Roumanian front. (Itinerary: Karlsruhe-Stuttgart- 
Ulm-Munich-Vienna-Budapest-Sieben-Buergen.) 

Roumania. 

4. On September 13 it was engaged in Transylvania (region of Hermannstadt, Tour 
Rouge passes), then took part in the battle of Brasso (Kronstadt) at the beginning of 
October and in the operations in the vicinity of Slanic (December). It suffered 

heavy losses. 

1917. 
Roumanla. — France. 

1. On February 11, 1917, the 187th Division left Roimiania for the Western Front. 
(Itinerary : Arad-Budapest-Oppeln-Breslau-Dresden-Wuerzberg-Strassberg. ) It was 
at rest near Dieuze (about six weeks). 

Lorraine. 

2. About April 20 it took over the Moncel-Arracourt sector. 

AlSNE. 

3. Hastily relieved on April 28, it entrained at Morhange on May 2 and detrained 
in the vicinity of Amagne and was put into line on May 10 on the Rheims front (north 
of Bermericoiirt; southeast of Berry au Bac) until June 15. 

4. At rest in the Aussonce-La Neuville area (end of June to July the 187th Division 
was held in reserve as a " Stossdi vision " or "Eingriffsdi vision." 

Champagne. 

5. About July 14 it was engaged in the Comillet, Mont Blond, Mont Haut sector, 
which it held until August 26. The 187th Infantry was particularly tried during the 
attack of Jxily 26. 

6. From August 26 to September 29 it was at rest in camps at La Neuville en Toume 
a Fuii later in the region of Vervins. 

Flanders. 

7. Transferred to Belgixun (Sept. 30), the division opposed the British attack near 
Poelcappelle. It was partially relieved after the attack and went into line and counter 
attacked on the 10th to the north of Langemarck. Its losses in this sector were heavy. 

8. After a rest to the north of Bruges from the 12th of October to November, it went 
back to the fi'ont near Blankaart (south of Dixmude). 



632 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IN WAR. 



RECRUITING. 



The three regiments of this division came from different Provinces — the 187th from 
Schleswig-Hoistein, the 188th from Prussian-Saxony, and the 189th from Brandenburg. 
This was confirmed by a German communique which mentioned "the attack troops 
from Schleswig-Hoistein and Brandenberg " at Mont Haut (July, 1917). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 187th Division was made up of young men who were well trained and who 
came from active divisions. 
The 187th Division was a division equipped for mountain warfare. 

1918. 

Armentieres. 

1. The 187th Division was withdrawn from line south of Lake Blankaart about 
the 10th of January, and on the 16th relieved the 38th Landwehr Division near Bois 
Grenier (south of Armentieres). It was relieved by the 6th Bavarian Division about 
February 20 and went to the Lille area, where it most probably received training 
in open warfare, though the fact has not been definitely established. 

Arras. 

2. It left there and arrived at Douai on the 25th of March. It spent the night 
of the 27th-28th in Vitry. On the 28th it reenforced the front near Fampoux (east 
of Arras) on the 28th, when it attacked. A man of the 188th Regiment subsequently 
wrote: "We tried to break through on the 28/3/18, but only pushed Tommy back 
to his reserve line, and don't forget that it was with enormous losses to ourselves." 
It was relieved by the 2d Guard Reserve Division during the night of May 18-19, and 
went to rest in the region east of Douai. 

3. During the night of June 18-19 it came back and relieved the 2d Guard Reserve 
Division. It was relieved by the 48th Reserve Division on the 7th of July. 
Armentieres. 

4. After less than a week's rest, the division came to the Armentieres front and 
relieved the 39th Division between Neuf-Berquin and Vieux-Berquin (north of 
Merville). It was relieved early in September by the extension of fronts of the 
neighboring divisions. 

Cambrai. 

5. On the 7th it reenforced the front in the Inchy en Artois sector (west of Cambrai). 
After suffering exceedingly heavy losses, it was withdrawn about the 28th and went 
to rest in the Boushain region. 

Douai. 

6. October 3 it relieved the 15th Reserve Division in the Oppy sector (west of 
Douai), and was withdrawn about the 20th. 

7. On the 27th it reenforced the front in the Chateau I'Abbaye sector (northeast of 
St. Amand), but was withdrawn a few days later. 

Valenciennes. 

9. It was identified in line near Quievrechain (northeast of Valenciennes) on 
November 5. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 187th was rated as a second-class division. The only offensive in which it 
participated was that of the Somme, where it did not distinguish itself. Subse- 
quently it was used only to hold the front. Toward the end of the year it was very 
much reduced in strength. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 633 



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192 (Saxon) Pion. Co. 

404 T. M. Co. 

129 Searchlight Section. 

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634 DIVISIONS OF GERMAIsr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th and 19t]i Corps Districts — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The 192d Brigade (became the 192d Division in June, 1916) was formed out of regi- 
ments created by selection of men from various units. It was formed _at the beginning 
of June, 1915, with the 192d Infantry (Saxon), formed out of elements taken frorn the 
32d Division, the 193d (Westphalian, 7th Corps District), detached after its creation 
to the 13th Reserve Division, and with the 25th Bavarian Regiment, formerly belong- 
ing to the 4th Bavarian Division, the regiments of which had contributed to the forma- 
tion of this last regiment. 

1. Until the month of September, 1915, the three regiments of the brigade occupied 
different sectors on the Western Front — the 192d near Charency in August, the 193d on 
the Aisne (region of Chamouille), and the 25th Bavarian near Warneton (Flanders) 
in July. 

Champagne. 

2. At the end of September the elements of the 192d Brigade were brought together 
in the rear of the Champagne front. Engaged as a reenforcement against the French 
offensive (Sept. 27 to the beginning of October) near the Souain-Somme Py road, it 
suffered heavy losses (50 officers and 3,594 men out of action, according to official lists). 
The brigade stayed in the Souain sector until the end of November. 

3. In December it was at rest in the region of Bignicourt-Machault. 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1. At the beginning of January, 1916, the 192d Brigade again took a sector in Cham- 
pagne (until Jan. 26). 

2. From the end of January to the beginning of March it was at rest in the vicinity of 
Montcornet. 

3. From the 4th to the 18th of March the regiments were engaged in making defensive 
works in the region of Laon. 

Verdun-Bois d'Avocourt. 

4. On March 18 the brigade was brought near Vouziers and Stenay, then assembled 
in the rear of the Verdun front on the left bank of the Mouse (Mar. 22). On the 23d 
it relieved the 11th Bavarian Division, sorely tried by the attacks on Malancourt and 
the Bois d'Avocourt. It took part itself in the battles which effected the capture of 
that wood and suffered heavy losses. From April 13 to May 10 the 11th Company 
of the 192d Infantry received at least 125 replacements and the 12th Company 116 
replacements. 

5. The 192d Brigade stayed in the Malancourt-Avocourt wood sector until the end 
of August, holding it alternately with the 11th Bavarian Division. During this period 
(May- August) it only took part in local engagements. 

6. In June it was changed into a division, its composition remaining unchanged 
except for the expansion of its field artillery. 

Fleury-Douaumont. 

7. On August 22 the new division was relieved and transferred to the right bank of the 
Mouse (Charency-Longuyon). On the 28th it was engaged in the Fleury-Douaumont 
sector. Its regiments were sorely tried by the French attacks of September 3 and 9. 

8. Relieved from the front at the end of September and beginning of October the 
division was entirely reorganized. The 193d Infantry went to the 222d Division (be- 
ing organized) and was replaced by the 418th, newly formed; the 25th Bavarian went 
to the 14th Bavarian Division and was replaced by the 245th Reserve Regiment of the 
54th Reserve Division. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 635 

Cotes de Meuse. 

9. About the end of October the 418th Regiment, which had been put in line in the 
Moranville sector (C6tes de Meuse), replaced the 183d Infantry in the 183d Division, 
the last-named regiment going to the 192d Division, which was now entirely Saxon. 

Bezonvaux. 

The 192d Division, having thus acquired its present organization, took a position to 
the east of Bezonvaux in December. 

1917. 
Verdun-Bezonvaux. 

1. It occupied this sector until December, 1917, and during this long period remained 
entirely passive. 

Hill 344. 

2. Believed from this calm sector about December 10, 1917, it immediately went into 
line north of Hill 344, where it still was in January, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The division was entirely Saxon after the end of 1916. 

VALUE — -1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 192d Division stayed more than a year in a very calm sector (east of Bezonvaux, 
December 1916, to December, 1917). 

In January, 1918, the division might be considered as rested, but its combat value 
at that time seemed rather mediocre. In the various actions in which it took part on 
the Verdun front it did not distinguish itself. 

1918. 

OlSE. 

1. The division held the sector on the Verdun front until the middle of April, when 
it was relieved, and on May 19 it relieved the 200th Division southeast of Rouvrel. 
It was still in line when the Allies attacked on August 8. About August 11 the divi- 
sion was withdrawn. 

St. Mihiel. 

2. The division marched to Origny via Rosieres-Athies-St. Quentin. It left there 
August 25 and went by train to Chambley via Ribemont-Crecy-Mortiers-Marle- 
Charleville-Sedan-Montmedy-Longuyon-Metz, arriving on August 26. On the 20th 
the division entered line in the tip of the St. Mihiel salient. 

3. The division extracted itself from the salient and was relieved about September 
22, when the line had stabilized. It was moved west and again came into line at 
Bezonvaux. 

Meuse-Argonne . 

4. From October 8 until about October 22 the division held the Bezonvaux sector. 
It was then shifted northward to the area south of Etrayes, where it remained until the 
armistice. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. It did well at St. Mihiel, but in its other sec- 
tors its conduct was mediocre. 



636 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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55 Res. Pion. Co. 

102 Searchlight Section. 
195 Signal Command: 

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66 Wireless Detch. 


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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 637 

HISTORY. 

(6th and 8th Jiigers: Various sections of Prussia. 233d Reserve Regiment: 11th 
Corps District — Thuringen.) 

1916. 

1. The division was organized in July, 1916, in the Ruddervoorde region with the 
following elements: (1) 233d Reserve Regiment, obtained from the 51st Reserve 
Division; (2) the 6th Jagers (5th and 6th Battalions of Jagers, 14th Battalion of 
Jagers — the last after arriving on the Russian front was thereafter replaced by the 
2d Reserve Battalion of Jagers); (3) 8th Jagers (4th, 16th, and 24th Battalions of 
Reserve Jagers). 

G ALICIA. 

2. It was shortly thereafter transferred to Galicia. 

3. The division took part in the open warfare of August, 1916. 

4. It next went into line with Austrian troops in the Zloczow sector. 

1917. 

France. 

1. It was transferred to the Western Front at the end of April, 1917. (Itinerary: 
Leniky-Cracovie-Oppeln-Breslau-Leipzig-Halle-Paderborn-Essen-Duesseldorf-Aix 
la Chapelle-Verviers-Liege-Louvain-Brussels-Cambrai. ) 

2. The division was successively in line in the Ypres sector (May), in the Wyt- 
schaete sector (June- July), and in the St. Quentin sector (August). 

3. During the month of August it rested in the Walincourt region. 
Flanders. 

4. From October 3 to 12 it fought in the Passchendaele sector. It sustained heavy 
losses (more than 600 prisoners). 

5. Relieved on October 12 the division was reorganized at Meulebecke from the 
14th to the 18th and was transferred by rail to Gand. At the time it was relieved 
the 233d Reserve was reduced to 800 men (story of deserter). 

6. On about the 21st it entrained at Ileydinge and was brought via Brussels-Nam ur- 
Dinant-Givet-Charleville-Sedan-Montmedy and Conflans to Haye, where it de- 
trained on the 23d. 

Haye. 

7. On October 28 it took over a sector to the southwest of Thiaucourt (Flirey). 
Italy. 

8. On November 11 the division was entrained at Metz for Italy. It detrained at 
Trente on November 14, where it rested until the 24th. It left Trente on December 
3 mthout having participated in any engagement. (Itinerary: Trente-Innsbruck- 
Munich-Carlsruhe-Offenberg-Friberg-Mulhouse . ) 

Alsace. 

9. Arriving on December 6, it was billeted in the region of Sundgau, where it 
stayed until February, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The division was very heterogeneous. The 233d came from Thuringen (11th 
Corps District). The various jaeger regiments came from various depot jaeger battal- 
ions (2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 11th Corps Districts). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 195th Division was sorely tried in Flanders in October, 1917. In November, 
1917, the greater part of its strength came from the classes called during the war. The 
average age was 25. It can be classed as a good division. 



638 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1. The 195th Division left Alsace, where it had been resting since its return from 
Italy, the 5th and 6th of February, and proceeded to Valenciennes. On the 27th 
a prisoner was captured near BuUecourt (northeast of Bapaume), who stated that his 
battalion had relieved another battalion of the same regiment during the night of the 
25th-26th. The 195th Division had probably relieved the 16th Bavarian Division some 
days before. It was relieved by the 16th Bavarian Division on the 2d of March. It 
was very probably trained in open warfare, but the fact has not been definitely 
established. 

2. On the 21st it came back reenforcing the front near NoreuU (northeast of Ba- 
paume) . The heavy fighting on this front did not come in the first days of the offensive 
but a few days later the division was heavily engaged, especially on the 28th and 31st 
near Bucquoy. This represented an advance of only a few kilometers gained at the 
cost of heavy losses in many attacks. It was relieved by the 17th Division during the 
night of April 1-2. 

3. On the 9th it relieved the 16th Bavarian Division in the Ayette sector (northwest 
of Bapaume). It remained here fighting hard until relieved by the 5th Bavarian 
Reserve Division about the 24th. In this fighting the losses were very heavy, espe- 
cially in the 233d Reserve Regiment (the commander of which was awarded Pour le 
Merite) which was dissolved soon after; its place was taken by the 14th Jaeger Regi- 
ment. It was sent to the Cambrai region to rest and refit. 

Marne. 

4. The first day of the battle of the Marne — ^July 15 — it reenforced the front near 
Chatillon sur Marne (northwest of Epernay). It was withdrawn early in August and 
went to rest near Metz. 

St. Mihiel. 

5. On the 14th of September, after the line reached by the American First Army had 
stabilized, the division entered line in the Haumont sector (northeast of St. Mihiel). 
It was not heavily engaged and was withdrawn about the 28th. 

MeUSE-ArG ONNE. 

6. The division then moved to the Champagne front, where it reenforced the front 
in the St. Etienne k Arnes sector (south of Machault) on the 6th of October. It was 
opposed by French troops until the 24th; after that it was opposite the Americans on 
account of a readjustment of sectors. It was withdrawn on the 29th. 

7. On the 2d of November it was thrown back into line near Verrieres (northwest 
of Buzancy). Its losses were so heavy in this fighting, and the division was in such 
a state of exhaustion, that although the division was still in line on the 11th there were 
rumors that it was soon to be dissolved. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. , m 

The 195th was rated a second-class division. Its conduct whenever heavily engaged 
was such as to lead to the conclusion that it was one of the better divisions of that 
class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 639 

































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640 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTdY. 

(273 Reserve Regiment; lOth Corps District — Hanover and Brunswirk. 7th Jaeger; 
12th and 19th Corps Districts— Saxony. 28th Ersatz; 14th Corps District^Grand 
Duchy of Baden.) 

1916. 

The 197th Division was created in August, 1916, on the Eastern Front by the union 
of the following regiments: (1) 273d Reserve Regiment, formed out of four battallions 
taken from the 362d Infantry (4th Ersatz Division); the 368th, Infantry (10th Ersatz 
Division); the 130th Reserve (33d Reserve) Division) which all came from France. 
(2) 7th Jaegers (13th Battalion of Jaegers, 25th and 26th Battalions of Reserve Jaegers, 
all Saxon, and also all coming from France. (3) The 32d Landwehr, which had been 
.under orders of the 33d Division in the Argonne. 
Galicia. 

1. As part of the 2d Austrian Army (Boehm-Ermoli), the 197th Division occupied 
m August 1916 the Zborow sector (northwest of Tarnopol) where it met the offensive 
carried on by Broussilov. On August 10 the 7th Regiment of Jaegers had 35 officers 
and 1,039 men out of action. (letter). 

2. In September it was in line to the northeast of Zalosce and to the north of Zborow 
and later in the vicinity of Zloczow. 

1917. 
Galicia. 

1. The 197th Division stayed in this same Zloczow sector until July, 1917. While 
there it met the Russian attack of July 1, which reduced the strength of the 1st Bat- 
talion of the 32d Landwehr to 160 men (letter). 

2. The division participated in the German counteroffensive of July 19 and advanced 
by way of Zborow up to Husjatin (August), where it was relieved to go into reserve. 

3. It went back into line at the beginning of September at Hlesczawa (region of 
Trembowla). 

4. At the beginning of November the 32d Landwehr was replaced by the 28th Ersatz, 
taken from the Bavarian Ersatz Division, and originally from the 14th Corps District 
(Grand Duchy of Baden). This replacement of a mediocre regiment for a good one 
was the prelude of preparations for a transfer to the Western Front. 

RECRUITING. 

This division had a composite make-up. The 7th Jaegers was Saxon; the 28th 
Ersatz was from Baden; and the 273d was formed from battalions coming from the 
7th, 9th, and 10th Corps District and got its replacements in theory from the 10th . 
Corps District. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 197th Division, coming from Galicia, appeared for the first time on the Western 
Front in March, 1918. All th emaneuvers executed in the rear and at rest in Galicia 
tended to accustom the units to defensive warfare methods (Verteidigungskrieg). 
(Interrogation of a prisoner of the 273d Reserve on Mar. 13, 1918.) 

This was also true of its stay in the Marchais region (February 1918). 

1918. 
Chateau Thierry. 

The division held the quiet Chemin des Dames sector until the Aisne offensive of 
May 27. Attack divisions passed through the 197th Division, which followed up the 
attack in close reserve and was engaged on May 31 northwest of Chateau Tliierry. It 
came in for some heavy local fighting while opposite the 2d United States Division 
near Veuilly before it was relieved on June 8. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAB. 641 

Verdun. 

2. It was moved to Eastern Champagne, and on June 23 relieved the 15th Bavarian 
Division in the Ornes sector. During July the division received drafts. It held this 
sector without loss until about the 1st of August. 

St. Quentin-Oise. 

3. On August 15 the division reenforced the front at Ribecourt. Until September 
10 it was constantly engaged in the Noyon fighting. After resting nine days the divi- 
sion returned to line north of Gricourt, and until October 19 resisted every foot of the 
way to Seboncoiirt. 

4. After the withdrawal from line the division was broken up. The 273d Reserve 
Regiment and the 28th Ersatz Regiment were disbanded, while the 7th Jaeger Regi- 
ment passed intact to the 241st Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. It was heavily engaged on an active front 
for two months in 1918 during which fighting it suffered so heavily in casualties and 
morale that it was dissolved in late October. 

125651°— 20 41 



642 DIVISIONS OF GEIIMAN AEMY WHICH rARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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286 Pion. Co. 

199 T. M. Co. 

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HISTORY. 

(114th Regiment: 14th Corps District — Southern part of the Grand Duchy of Baden. 
357th Regiment: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 237th Reserve Regiment: 8th 
Corps District — Rhine Pro^'ince.) 

1916. 

Tlie 199th Division was created in August, 1916, in the region of Stryj-IIalicz 
(Galicia), with troops coming from the Western Front. Until the beginning of 1917 
its infantry was made up as follows: The 237tli Reserve Regiment (coming from the 
52d Reserve Division), the 4th Bavarian Reserve Regiment (from the Bavarian 
Ersatz Division), and the 9th Jaegers (12th and 13th Battalions of Resei-ve Jaegers 
(Saxon) and the 8th Battalion of Jaegers). 
Galicia. 

1. From the end of August to the beginning of November the 199th Division was 
engaged in Galicia (Brzezany, Halicz, Zlota-Lipa) and suffered heavy losses. 

2. About November 1 the division was transferred to the Western Front. (Itinerary: 
Lemberg-Cracaw-Breslau-Dresden-Ivcipzig-Coblenz-Treves-Sedan. ) It detrained at 
Dun and was billeted for three weeks in the vicinity of Spincourt. 

SOMME. 

3. Sent to the Champagne district at the end of November and then in the Bohain 
region, it went into line in the Rancourt-Saillizel sector (end of December). 

1917. 

1. At the beginning of 1917 the 114th and 357th replaced the 4th Reserve and the 
9th Jaegers. 

SOMME. 

2. The 199th Division stayed on the Rancourt front until March, 1917. 

HiNDENBERG LINE. 

3. On March 27 it was identified to the east of Longavcsnes; then at Villers-Faucon, 
Lempire, in the new German positions (April). 

Artois. 

4. Relieved about April 20, it was engaged to the southeast of Arras (Wancourt-Vis 
en Artois-Cherisy) and suffered heavy losses (April 27, May 3). 

5. Coming back to the west of Catelet (Hargicourt-Bony) about the middle of May, 
it left this line on June 8 to go to rest in the vicinity of Ostend. 

Belgian flanders. 

6. In the middle of July it took over the Nieuport-Lombartzyde sector, which it 
occupied until the beginning of August and was at rest near Ostend from August 10 
to the middle of September. 

7. It reappeared in the Lombartzyde sector until October 24. On November 10 
after a short rest it was put in line to the north of Passchendaele, where it was found, 
^vith the exception of some brief withdrawals for rest, until February, 1918, when it 
went to rest near Courtrai. 

recruiting. 

Division with composite elements; a regiment from Baden (the 114th, active), a 
regiment from Pomerania (the 357th, growing out of brigade Ersatz Battalions), and 
a Rhenish regiment (the 237th) . 

VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

The 114th was considered the best in the division. The 237th Reserve did not seem 
to have a very good combat value. It did not hold its ground when opposed by the 
British at Cherisy (April, 1917). It is said that a company of this regiment refused to 
come out of the trenches in the month of July, 1917. 



644 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAlvr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1 . The division left Flanders at the end of February and trained in the Le Quesnoy 
area until the middle of March; left on the 17th for the battle front. It marched to 
Escaromain, and on the 18th to Quievy. On the day before the offensive the division 
marched via Caudry to Villers Outreaux. It was not identified in the fight until the 
25th at Hardecourt. The next day it was at Maricourt wood, after which it appears 
to have been withdrawn. On April 4 it relieved the 243d Division south of Thennes. 

2. After its relief the division marched by stages via Beaucourt en Santerre-Vauvil- 
lers-Peronne to Templeux, la Fosse, where it rested for a fortnight. The heavy losses 
incurred by the division during its last time in line south of the Somme were made 
good chiefly by drafts of the 1919 class from the depots at Warsaw and Bruges. The 
division contained a large proportion of this class and its fighting quality suffered in 
consequence. On the 26th of April the division moved to Maurepas and proceeded 
to Maricourt on the 28th; from there it marched into line in the Morlancourt sector. 

3. The division held the Morlancourt sector from about May 1 to 16. It was 
relieved by the 107th Division and rested in the Valenciennes area in June. 

Champagne. 

4. It was engaged at Le Teton on July 15 and held a sector in that area until the 
end of the month. 

Rheims. 

5. On August 3 it reenforced the battle front at Sapicourt west of Rheims. It was 
engaged in that area except for a week's rest until the end of September. 

6. After October 1 the division was engaged in Champagne in the region of Orfeuil. 
It contested hotly the advance through Vaudy and Vouziers until its relief in late 
October. It rested but a few days out of line and after November 3 was engaged at 
St. Lambert, Roix-Terron, and Dom le Mesnil (Nov. 10). 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second-class. It was used as an attack division in March 
and did well. Thereafter it saw almost constant service in resisting allied pushes. 
In October's fighting it was frequently spoken of by the German ofiicial communique. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETICTPATED IN WAE. 645 

















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HISTORY. 

1916. 

Carpathian Mountains. 

1. Tlie 200th Division, composed of three regiments of Jaegers, was formed in July, 
1916, in Galicia with the 3rd Jaeger Regiment (4 batallions equipped with skiis) 
coming from the Alpine Corps, with the 4th Jaegers (11th Battalion of Jaegers, 5th and 
6th Battalions of Reserve Jaegers, and with the 5th Jaegers (17th, 18th, and 23d 
Battalions of Reserve Jaegers). 

BUKOVINA. ' 

The 200th Division, together with the 1st Division, formed the Carpatldan Corps. 
The division took part in the counteroffensive in the Carpathians against the Rus- 
sians and beginning in September 1, 1916, occupied a sector to the north of Mont 
Tomnatik (Bukovina.) 

1917. 
Bukovina. 

1. The 200th Division stayed in the same part of the Carpathians (south of Mt. 
Phevie-Mt. Tomnatik) until July, 1917. At tliis time it took part in the offensive 
waged in Bukovina and took a position north of the Sereth. It was kept here mitil 
September. 

2. At the end of September the 200th Division was entrained for Italy. Its itin- 
erary to Vienna was Kolomea-Lemberg-Cracaw. 

Italy. 

3. Detraining in the vicinity of Laibach, it went toward the Italian frontier, where 
it took about 15 days' rest. On October 22 it drew near the Italian frontier and on the 
24th was engaged in the offensive on the Isonzo and advanced by way of Cividale and 
Udine, where it fought the Italian rear guards (Oct. 28-30). It reached Codroipo 
about November 3 and Quero on the Piave the 23d. 

Mont Tomba. 

4. After a short period of rest it was again sent to the Mont Tomba region in De- 
cember. 

RECRUITING. 

The 200th Division had recruits from the various mountainous districts of the em- 
pire — Upper Silesia, Ilarz, Black Forest, etc. — wMch gave it a certain character in 
spite of the different sources of its recruiting. 

VALUE— 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Composed of young and vigorous men with high morale, the 200th was one of the 
best divisions in the German Army (1918). 

1918. 
France. 

1. After having suffered heavy losses, the 200th Division was withdrawn about 
the 1st of January, and went to rest for about a month southeast of Bellune. Early 
in February, it entrained at Santa Lucia and traveled via Rosenheim-Munich- 
Ulm-Freiburg-Colmar. It detrained at Bening and went to rest and to be trained for 
about three weeks in the vicinity of St. Avoid. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. The division entrained near Marsal (southwest of Dieuze) on the 26th of March 
and, traveling via Thionville-Luxemburg-Namur, detrained at Cambrai two days 
later. It rested in the caserne here until the 31st, when it marched to Peronne, 
where it remained in the English barracks the 2d and 3d of April, when it marched 
via Guillaucourt to Moreuil (northwest of Montdidier). During the night of the 
7th-8th it relieved the 14th Division west of Moreuil. It was relieved on May 14 by 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 647 

the 192d Division. It was reported near Quesnoy the end of May and in the Le 
Cateau region early in June. Men of one of its regiments were reported as having 
been seen near Fere en Tardenois on the 3d of June. Again, parts of the division 
were reported near Gaudry and Chateau Thierry during June. 

Marne. 

3. On the 15th of July the division attacked west of Dormans. It crossed the 
Marne at Sailly, and was identified at Chapelle Monthod on the following day. In 
this fighting, the division suffered very heavy losses. The colonel and all the bat- 
talion commanders of the 3rd Jaeger Regiment were lost. It was withdrawn from line 
on the 21st. 

4. During the night of the 26th-27th it came back into line near Roncheres (north 
of Dormans), its mission being to cover the retreat between Sergy and the Meuniere 
wood. It was withdrawn about the 3d of August and went to the Sedan area, where 
it rested for a fortnight. 

5. During the night of the 22d-23d the division relieved the 22d Reserve Division 
northwest of Souain. In the heavy fighting that followed the division lost heavily. 
It wa I driven back to St. Etienne a Ames, where it was relieved by the 195th Division 
on the 6th of October. 

Wassigny. 

6. The division then moved by easy stages, with frequent halts, via Rozoy- 
Montcornet-Origny-Escaupont-Le Nouvion-Beaurepaire-Barzy. During the night 
of October 22-23 it relieved the 5th Reserve Division near Oisy (east of Wassigny). 
It had not been withdrawn on the 11th of November. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 200th was rated as a second-class division. Composed of Jaeger units, which 
are good fighters, it distinguished itself in the East and in Italy, and did well in the 
heavy fighting it was called upon to do on the Western Front, though not brilliantly. 
It was one of the best of the second-class divisions. 



648 DIVISTONS OF GEEMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN AVAR. 





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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 649 

HISTORY. 

(401st Eegiment; 20th Corps District. 402d Regiment; 17th Corps District. 403d 
Regiment, 5th Corps District.) 

1916. 

The 201st is one of a series of divisions (numbered 201-204) crfeated at the beginning 
of July, 1916, at the time of the Russian offensive conducted by Broussilov. 

The 201st Division was formed out of recruits obtained from depots in the 5th, 17th 
and 20th Corps Districts. The Allenstein (401st) Regiment and the Danzig (402d) 
Regiment came from the Arys cantonment. The Glogau (403d) Regiment and the 
Posen (404th) came from the Warthe cantonment. Men taken from the front, con- 
valescents from depots and a majority of yoimg men from the class of 1917 made up 
the initial strength, which was 230 to 240 men per company. 
Russia. 

1. As soon as formed the division occupied a sector on the Russian front (north of 
Baranovitchi) and stayed there from the beginning of July, 1916, to the beginning of 
December, 1917. Diuing this period it only took part in two local actions (November, 
1916, and November, 1917). 

1917. 

1. The 404th Infantry was. taken away from this division in the beginning of 1917 
and was joined to the divisions in the neighborhood (the 18th Landwehr Division and 
later the 4th Landwehr Division). 

Russia-France. 

2. At the end of November, 1917, the 201st Division was relieved, reassembled at 
Baranovitchi, and entrained for the Western Front. (Itinerary: Baranovitchi-Brest- 
Litowsk-Warsaw-Chemnitz-Nuerenberg-Heilbronn-Rastatt-Sarreguemines. 
Lorraine. 

3. Beginning on December 15, elements of the 201st Division were put in line on 
the right bank of the Moselle opposite the Xon (northeast of Pont a Mousson). 

RECRUITING. 

The eastern Provinces of the Empire. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 201st Division was composed to the extent of at least one-half of young and 
vigorous men. It had not been exhausted physically and had in no way lost its morale. 
Fraternization did not lessen its morale, but rather raised it on account of their belief 
that war could be terminated on the Western Front by an easy victory after peace was 
concluded with Russia. 

Since its return from Russia its regiments had undergone an intensive training in 
trench and open warfare (February, 1918). 

1918. 

WOEVRE. 

1. The division held the Apremont sector (southeast of St. Mihiel) until the end of 
May, when it was withdrawn. It rested and trained in the Woevre (Sponville) until 
June 9. It entrained at Mars la Tour and moved to Laon via Sedan and Liart. From 
there it marched to the Marne front through Vailly-Lannoy-Brecy . 

Battle of the Marne. 

2. It was in line on the Chateau Thierry- Vaux sector from June 15 to the end of 
July. In the attacks of late July the division was hit hard. It was thrown back on 
Bezu-St. Germain, Beuvardes, Pere en Tardenois and relieved about July 30. 



650 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH P'ARTICIPATBD IN WAR. 

3. The division was moved to tlie Argonne in early August and about the 10th 
entered the Vacquois sector, which it held until the end of the month. 

Battle op the Somme. 

4. It returned to the Somme area and on the night of September 6-7 relieved the 
6th Cavalry Division northeast of Fins. Until the 28th it was engaged at Fins, Hendi- 
court, Gouzeaucourt, Villers, and Guislan. Losses were very heavy, including 2,200 
prisoners. 

Cambresis. 

5. After a weet's rest, the division reentered line south of Cambrai on October 5 
and fought in this region until the 15th. Here it lost another 650 prisoners. 

6. As a result of these extraordinary losses the division was dissolved at Maubeuge 
on October 22. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Its losses were unusually heavy in prisoners 
whenever it was engaged in an active front. When it was dissolved its effectives 
numbered less than 1,000 rifles. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 651 



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HISTORY. 
(408th Regiment: Guard. 411tli and 412tli Regiments : 10th Corps District — ^Hanover. ) 

1916. 

The 202d Division was formed in October, 1916, in the Lockstedt cantonment 
(9th Corps. District, Altona). The 405th and the 406th were organized at the Lock- 
stedt cantonment, the 407th at the Altengrabow cantonment, and the 4Q8th comes 
from Guard depots. 
Russia. 

1. In the covirse of October, 1916, the 202d Division was sent to the Russian front. 
Its organization was changed; it gave up the 405th to the 203d Division, the 406th 
and the 407th to the 205th Division. It was at this time composed of the 408th and 
two regiments received from the 203d Division, the 411th and the 412th (Hanover), 
which were formed at the Munster cantonment as "coast-defense regiments." 

COURLAND. 

2. In December, 1916, the 202d Division was identified in the region of Riga. 

1917. 

1. In March, 1917, and until the end of August, 1917, the 202d Division occupied 
in Courland a sector in the vicinity of Toukkoum. 

Riga. 

2. In the middle of September it was at the east of Riga. It was also identified 
at Riga on October 29. 

3. In November the 202d Division was entrained for the Western Front. (Itinerary: 
Riga-Mitau-Insterburg-Koenigsberg-Thorn (408th)-Schneidemuehl-Posen-Leipzig- 
Halle-Frankfort on the Main-Sarrebrueck-Sarreguemines. ) It detrained at Dieuze on 
November 20. 

Lorraine. 

4. The division stayed in the rear of the front in the vicinity of Dieuze until the 
middle of January, 1918 (six weeks' training). 

RECRUITING. 

The 408th Regiment was built up out of depots of the Guard and was recruited 
from all sections of Prussia. The 411th and 412th were theoretically from Hanover, 
with some recruits furnished by the 9th Corps District. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Lorraine sector until May 19, when it was relieved by the 
3d Guard Division. It entrained near Moyenvic on May 19 and traveled via Metz- 
Spincourt-Longuyon-Sedan-CharleviUe-Marle to Flavy le Martel, where it detrained 

on May 21. 

O.ISE. 

2. On the night of May 22-23 it relieved the 11th Division west of Noyon. It was 
in line when the attack of June was made and advanced by Orval as far as Bethen- 
court. Here it remained in sector until about July 10, when it exchanged sectors 
with the 105th Division at Autreches. In this area it was struck by the Allied attack 
in mid-August and forced back on Audignicourt. The losses were very heavy, 
including 2,000 prisoners. It was relieved on August 27. 

3. The division was railed to the vicinity of Vouziers after its relief in line. While 
resting at Sugny (Sept. 2-12) it was re-formed. The 412th Regiment was dissolved 
and its effectives distributed between the 408th and 411th Regiments. The 97th 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 653 

Regiment, from the dissolved 108th Division, replaced the 412th Regiment in the 
division. 

4. It was engaged in Champagne near Maisons de Champagne from September 12 
to 24. After that it was in close support of the 42d Division until the 27th, when it 
reentered line at Fontaine les Dormois. Until October 10 the division saw heavy 
fighting about Mause and Challerauge. It lost very heavily, including more than 
800 prisoners. 

5. The division rested from October 11 to 21. It was reengaged southeast of Vou- 
ziers (near Falaise) on the 21st, and after the 1st of November retreated by way of 
Longwe (2d), Boult aix Bois (34d) to the Meuse (8th). 

When it appeared opposite the United States front on November 3, the division had 
been completely shattered. The 411th Regiment, for instance, had only three com- 
. panics each with a rifle strength of 100 to 110 men. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. After the battle in eastern Champagne in 
late September the division could be regarded as destroyed. 



654 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 




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HISTORY. 

(406th Regiment; 3d Corps District — Brandenburg. 409th and 410th Regiments; 
9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

1916. 

The 203d Division was formed in Germany (September, 1916) and trained at the 
Lockstedt cantonment (a great many men from the class of 1917; also men previously 
wounded or sick and men taken from units at the front). 

COURLAND. 

1. On October 20 the 303d Division took over a sector on the Dvina (region north of 
Dvinsk. ) 

1917. 
Riga. 

1. The division stayed on the Dvina until September, 1917. It participated in 
the offensive on the Riga and fought to the north of Friedrichstadt. 

2. After the taking of the town the 203d Division occupied a sector at Grenyn. 
Favored by calm conditions, it gave up men to the 75th Reserve Division, which was 
preparing to go to France. On December 8 it was billeted in Riga. About December 
18 the 405th Regiment left the Division and was replaced by the 406th, coming from 
the 205th Division. In the meanwhile the division had brought up its strength 
by obtaining men from the 332d Infantry, which did not intend to leave until March, 
1918 (with the 77th Reserve Division). 

France. 

3. At the end of December the 203d Division entrained for the Western Front. 
The 410th left Riga on the 26th. (Itinerary: Eydtkuhnen-Koenigsberg-Schneide- 
muehl-Berlin-Giessen-Coblenz-Treves-Thionville-Charleville.) It detrained at 
Tournes in the night of January 1-2, 1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The 406th recruits in Brandenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and, to a lesser extent, Han- 
over and the Hanseatic cities; furnished the recruits for the 409th and the 410th. 
The changes effected in the personnel during the last part of the stay on the Russian 
front left these units fairly heterogeneous 

VALUE — 1917 estimate. 

The offensive value of the 203d Division in February, 1918, was only mediocre. 
Before leaving for the Western Front the 405th, which was to have remained in (hardly 
glorious) Russia, changed all its young men for the older men in the other two regiments. 
The 203d was said to have played a part in the Riga offensive. Gen. von Luettwitz 
commanding the division, was said to have been relieved of his command a short time 
thereafter. 

1918. 
Battle or Reims. 

The division continued to hold the sector east of Reims (near Beine) until the 
German offensive of July 15. It attacked west of Prunay and penetrated as far as the 
Vesle. In front of Beaumont it lost very heavily. After the failure of the attack 
the division held the sector from Prunay to east ol Les Marquises until August 30, 
when it was relieved by the 9th Division. 
Champagne. 

2. It rested near Laon until October 1, s^hen it was reengaged in Champagne be- 
tween Orfeuil and Marvaux. In 8 days of evere fighting it lost very heavily and was 
obliged to retire from line. 



656 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

3 The division was in army reserve until October 15, after which it was engaged 
southeast of Vouziers near Olizy and Falaise. On November 1 it was opposite the 
American front and took part in the final retreat of the Meuse at Mohon. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. By the end of hostilities the division was 
decimated and completely exhausted. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PAllTICIPATED IN WAR. 657 






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HISTORY. 

(13th Corps District — Wiirttemberg.) 

1916. 

The 204th Division was formed in Germany in June and Jiily, 1916. Its original 
composition was the 407th Brigade (413th and 414th Infantry, 13th Corps District, 
Wurttemberg) and the 408th Brigade (415th and 416th Infantry, 12th and 19th Corps 
Districts, Saxony). 

1. The two brigades, which had respectively been trained at the Muensingen 
cantonment in Wurttemberg (the 407th) and at Neuhammer (the 408th), were brought 
together at the end of July, 1916. The division was then sent to Belgium. It 
detrained at Cortemarck on July 27. 

Flanders. 

2. Almost immediately put in line, the 204th occupied the Dixmude-Bixschoote 
sector until October 1 and then the Ypres salient (southeast). At the end of 1916 
the 415th and the 146th Infantry were taken from the front and transferred to the 
212th Division and replaced by the 120th Reserve Infantry (Wurttemberg), coming 
from the 58th Division. 

1917. 

1. After four weeks' rest in the region of Ghent in February, 1917, the division 
came back to the sector at the southeast of Ypres. 

2. It was relieved on June 10, three da/s after the British attack against the 
heights of Wytschaete-Messines. The division was only partially subjected to this 
attack, but suffered some losses diu-ing the artillery preparation. 

Alsace. 

3. After having been at rest at Gheluvelt on about June 20, the 204th Division 
was transferred to the vicinity of Sarreberg, then on July 8 to the west of Basle, where 
it remained until July 20. From July 20 until August 15 it held a sector in Upper 
Alsace (north of the Rhone-Rhine Canal). 

Flanders. 

4. Again sent to Belgium, it went into line to the north of St. Julien, southeast of 
Poelcappelle, at the end of August. No important engagement. 

Cambresis. 

5. Relieved from the Ypres front on September 13, it took over a sector near Cambrai 
(Boursies-Demicourt; Sept. 24-Nov. 13). 

Flanders. 

6. Relieved about the middle of November, it went back to Flanders, where it 
alternated with the 58th Division to the north of Poelcappelle until the end of 
February. 

rbcrxjiting. 

The division has been entirely made up of Wurttemberg recruits since December, 
1916. 

value 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Fairly good division. 

1918. 

1. After its relief northeast of Poelcappelles on February 28, the division rested 
near Lille until March 21. Elements of the division were in line at Fromelles on 
March 9 and others participated in a raid (the 13th) in the Boutillerie sector. 

2. The division left the Lille area on March 21 and marched in stages to Douai, 
arriving there on the 27th. It was in support northwest of Vitry en Artois on the 
29th. On the 30th it marched toward the battle front south of the Somme via Inchy- 
Peronne (Apr. 1), Asaevillers, Rosieres, south of Moreuil. 



DIVISIONS OF ger:^an army which participated in war. 659 

Battle op Picardy. 

3. It was engaged in the Braches-Sauvillers sector from April 1 to May 11. It 
was relieved by an extension of the front of the neighboring divisions and retired 
to rest and train near Chaulnes until June 5. 

Battle of the Oise. 

4. The division left Chaulnes about June 5 and marched in three days to the 
Lassigny-Noyon front. It advanced in reserve on the 9th by Gury-Mareuil-Lamotte. 
It was engaged south of Ribecourt near Bethancourt until the 12th. From the 13th 
to the 18th the division was in reserve. It was reengaged on the night of the 18th- 
19th and held the sector of Vignemont-Antheuil until the 1st of August, when it was 
relieved by the 54th Division. 

Third Battle of the Somme. 

5. It rested in the suburbs of Lassigny until August 8. It then marched to Damery, 
arriving there on the 10th and immediately entering line. In the next week the 
division was thrown back by Damery, Villery les Roye to Goyencoixrt. The division 
suffered heavy losses, including about 370 prisoners near Roye. 

Lorraine. 

6. The division was railed to Lorraine and rested near Blamont during September. 
Drafts amounting to about 700 men were incorporated in the division in mid-Sep- 
tember. 

7. The division left Lorraine on October 5 and detrained at Bertry on the 7th. 
It was engaged on October 8 east of Catelet, and in the next 10 days fell back through 
Cremont, Maretz, Sains, Souplet, Catillon. Its heavy losses, including 1,200 pris- 
oners, led to its withdrawal on October 18. 

8. On October 22-23 the division was reengaged southeast of Le Gateau. It held 
there until the breakdown of the line on November 5. Thereafter it fell back on 
Maubeuge, through Favril, Limont, Fontaine. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Before the attack of August it had about 
2,700 rifles. The losses in August had a depressing effect on the morale of the troops. 



660 DIVISIOI^S OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHK.'H PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 661 

HISTORY. 

(405tli, (?) 407th: 4th District— Prussian Saxony.) (439th: 15th District— Alsace.) 

1916. 

The 205th Division was organized at the end of 1916, partly from new regiments 
formed in the interior, partly from regiments taken from the zone of the armies on the 
Eastern Front. 
Russia. 

1. The end of November, 1916, the division was reported behind the front (region 
northeast of Vilna). At that time it comprised the 406th and 407th Infantry, taken 
from the 202d Division, and the 439th Infantry formed in the region of Vilna. With 
the 226th Division next to it, it belonged to the reenforced 3d Reserve Corps (10th 
Army). 

1917. 

COURLAND, 

1. In January, 1917, the division was in line on the left bank of the Aa (Courland). 
The 407th Infantry lost heavily in January and February. 

2. The division then occupied the front east of Kalzeen (region of Mitau) from April 
to September. 

3. In October it was identified north of Lake Lobe. During the last three months 
of 1917 many men were taken from this division for the Western Front. In this 
manner it sent men to the 47th Reserve Division in April, to the 14th Division at the 
end of October, and to the 75th Reserve Division (before it left) in November. 

RECRUITING. 

The division from its origin was of a very mixed composition. This diversity 
increased following the many drafts taken from it in 1917 and the diversity of origin 
of the men sent in exchange. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

On the Russian front since its organization. 

Fighting value mediocre. 

1918. 
Courland. 

1. In February the 205th Division was to the southeast of Riga. 

2. In April it was in Livonia near Walk, About this time the commanding general 
was decorated. Toward the beginning of June the division was identified in the 
Narva region, where it remained until the end of the war, with the exception of the 
439th Regiment, which was transferred to the 94th Division about the middle of 
September. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated third class. 



662 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 663 

HISTORY. 

(359th. Infantry: 3d District — Brandenberg. 394tli Infantry: 9tli District — Scliles- 
wig-Holstein. 4th Reserve Ersatz: 10th District — Hanover.) 

1916. 

The 206th Division was organized in Belgium at the beginning of 1916. It was 
composed of three infantry regiments — the 359th (9th, 10th, and 120th Brigade Ersatz 
Battalions), the 394th, 'composed of men taken from the 17th Reserve Division, and 
the 4tli Reserve Ersatz (36th, 37th, and 38tli Reserve Brigade Ersatz Battalions). 

SOMME. 

1. After holding for some time in September the sector of Dixmude (359th), the 
division was sent to the Somme in October, where it was engaged at four different 
times (region of Peronne, La Maisonnette, and vicinity of Marchelepot) and suffered 
heavy losses. 

Alsace. 

2. Relieved November 25 and entrained near St. Quentin for Alsace. Took over 
the sector of Ban de Sapt until the beginning of January, 1917. 

1917. 
Lorraine. 

1. Sent to rest in the region of Chateau Salins and went into line about the middle of 
February, 1917, between the forest of Bezange and Leintrey. Remained there until 
April 20. 

Chemin des Dames. 

2. Sent to the Laonnois, where it was stationed near Mont Cornet from April 22 to 
30, then at Laon from April 30 to May 4. Then went to the Chemin des Dames 
(Laffaux, west of the Oise-Aisne Canal). Relieved June 10, after suffering very heavy 
losses. 

Lorraine. 

3. After a month's rest in Lorraine at Blamont-Sarrebourg, the division was in 
reserve about the middle of July in the region of Romagne-Montfaucon. 

Hill 304. 

4. At the end of July it took over the sector of Hill 304-Pommerieux, where its losses 
were very heavy during the French attack of August 20 (1,074 prisoners). Relieved 
in haste two days after this attack and sent to rest beliind the Reims front until the 
middle of September, and received about 1,000 replacements taken from the Russian 
front. 

Reims. 

5. The division then held the Berru-Cernay sector, where it did not take part in any 
important operations (middle of September to Nov. 24). 

St. Quentin. 

6. About November 28 sent to the St. Quentin front (Pontruet sector). 

recruiting. 

"Regiments from Hanover, Schleswig-Holstein, and Brandenburg," according to a 
German communique which designated in this fashion the 4th Reserve Ersatz, the 
394th Infantry, and the 359th Infantry. 

value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division attacked energetically May 24, 1917, at the Pantheon, and June 6 at 
La Roy ere. Composed of men from the active army, the reserve and the Ersatz. It 
is a good division. Its three regiments gave proof of good fighting qualities during the 
many local attacks at the Chemin des Dames. 



664 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

It should, however, be noted that in front of Verdun the division did not offer any 
resistance to the French attack of August 20, 1917. As early as August 14 two regi- 
ments of tliis division had alrea^dy had 100 deserters. 

The sanitary conditions of this division were bad at this period (many cases of 
dysentery). 

1918. 

1. The 206th Division was withdrawn from line in the sector northwest of St. 
Quentin early in February, and went to rest in the region of Ffesnoy le Grand. After 
a short stay here it moved to the Fourmies area, where it received intensive training 
in open warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2. On March 16 the division began marching toward the front via Wassigny-Fresnoy 
le Grand-Fonsommes-Fontaine Uterte. On the 20th it rested in the Hindenbm-g 
Third Line. On the 22d it started out again via Lesdins-Fayet, crossed the old front 
lines northwest of St. Quentin, and spent the night in the former British lines in the 
Holnon wood. The following day it marched to Martigny, where it spent the night 
in tents. On the 24th it crossed the canal; the 4th Reserve Regiment encamped at 
Voyennes; the 394th Regiment marched to Bethencourt and attacked along the canal 
without suffering heavy losses. On the 26th, the 394th proceeded by Damery and 
Andechy without being engaged; the 359th was engaged at Guerbigny, and the 4th 
Ersatz reached the former German tre-nches near Roye. During the night of the 
27th-28th the division entered Montdidier. The 28th, the 4th Ersatz was engaged at 
Mesnil-St. Georges, leaving many prisoners in the hands of the French. On the 30th 
the division attacked at Fontaine sous Montdidier. It was relieved during the night 
of the 12th-13th of April by the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division and went to rest in the 
region of Gruny, Sept- Fours and Languevoisin. Here it was reconstituted. 

3. During the night of the 14th-15th it relieved the 45th Reserve Division near 
Assainvillers (southeast of Montdidier). It was relieved by the 222d Division on May 
9, and was sent to the Nesles, where it was identified on the 26th. Three days later 
it received 700 replacements from its depot. It was also trained during the period 
spent here. Toward the end of May it came to the vicinity of Baboeuf (east of Noyon) ; 
eight days later it was near Bussy; then on June 8 in the Boulogne area. 

OlSE. 

4. On the 11th of June it came into line reenforcing the 19th Division near Belloy 
(southeast of Montdidier). It was still in line at the time of the attack of August 8, 
dm-ing the course of which it was forced back with heavy losses as far as Boulogne le 
Grasse. It was withdrawn near here on the 15th. 

5. After a brief rest it came back into line on the 22d near Pontoise (southeast of 
Noyon). It was withdrawn on the 30th. 

6. On the 6th of September it came back into line near Fresnes (south of Peronne). 
It was relieved by the 105th Division on the 20th. 

Cambrai. 

7. On the 3d of October it relieved the 3d Naval Division, north of Rumilly (south 
of Cambrai). Frdm the 8th until the division was withdrawn (aj^put the 11th) it was 
heavily engaged and severely punished, losing some 1,200 prisoners; it was forced 
back to Carnieres (east of Cambrai). 

8. The division rested and refitted for a fortnight and then reenforced the front on 
November 1 near Villers-Pol (southeast of Valenciennes). It continued in line but 
was made to fall back; prisoners were captured on the 11th at Hyon (south of Mons). 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 206th was rated a second-class division. The division commander was dec- 
orated after the battle of the Somme. On the other hand, the brigade commander 
issued an order (Oct. 6) to remedy straggling in the division. On the whole, however, 
the division did well, though not brilliantly. 



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HISTORY. 

(98th Reserve: 16th District — Lorraine. 209th Reserve: 2d District — Pomerania. 
213th Reserve: 9th District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

1916. 

1. The 207th Division was organized in Belgium toward the end of September, 
1916. The 45th Reserve Division furnished the 209th Reserve and the 46th Reserve 
Division the 213th Reserve. Its third regiment, the 413th, which came from the 
204th Division, was replaced by the 98th Reserve (from the 212th Division) at the 
beginning of 1917. 

Flanders. 

2. Assembled in October on the Belgium coast (Zeebrugge-Blankenberg) and went 
into line before Ypres toward the end of November (Zonnebeke-Ypres road to the 
Ypres-Comines Canal). 

1917. 

1. Held the Ypres front until the end of April, 1917. 
Artois. 

2. At the beginning of May it fought in Artois (Bullecourt, south of Pronville). 
Messines. 

8. Relieved about June 3 aiid went back into line in the region of Ypres, east of 
Messines, June 12 to July 6. Did not have heavy losses in spite of serious fighting. 
• 4. In July sent to rest in the vicinity of Roubaix. 
Ypres. 

5. Beginning on the night of August 1-2, it was again engaged east of Ypres in the 
vicinity of Hollebeke and Zandvoorde, and counterattacked to recapture Hollebeke. 
Remained in this sector until October 8. 

Lens. 

6. On October 20 took over the sector north of Lens, where it alternated with the 
220th Division. 

recruiting. 

A composite division. The 98th Reserve got replacements principally from West- 
phalia; the 209th Reserve from Pomerania; the 213th Reserve from Schleswig- 
Holstein. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

This division has only a moderate fighting value. 

1918. 
Lens. 

1. The division continued to hold the quiet Loos sector until April 13, when it 
was relieved by the 220th Division. 

La Basse Canal. 

2. It was engaged north of the La Basse Canal on the night of April 13-14. The 
98th Reserve Regiment attacked on the 18th on the canal. After the attack the 
three regiments held the line to the south of the canal until the end of April. 

3. The division rested in early May. On the 18th it was engaged south of the La 
Basse Canal, near Hulluch and Anchy les La Basse. It held this sector without event 
until it was relieved on the night of July 1-2 by the 10th Erzsatz Division. The 
regiment marched to Wahagnies, entrained at Libercourt on the 3d and detrained 
near Bac St. Maur on the same day. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 667 

ViEUX Berguin-Cambrai. 

4. It relieved the 44th Reserve Division during the nights of July 3-4 and 4-5 near 
Vieux Berguin. After a month it exchanged sectors (between Aug. 6 and 8) with 
the 52d Division which had been holding a sector south of Lens. The sector con- 
tinued quiet in August and September. The division was relieved on the night of 
the 24th-25th by the 111th Division and reenforced the front northwest of Cambrai 
on September 28. After three days of severe fighting and heavy losses it was obliged 
to withdraw. 

Belgium. 

5. The division was taken to Deynze about October 8 and came into line on the 
14th near Thielt between Pettem and Iseghem. It was pushed back toward Den- 
terghem (18th-19th) and later toward the line Courtrai-Ghent (Deynze, Tulte, Waere- 
ghem, Oct. 21 to Nov. 1). The division withdrew to reserve on November 1 and 
thereafter was out of line. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. Its morale was reported to be indifferent 
at the end of October. 



668 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR.. 






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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. G69 

HISTORY. 

(25th: 8th District — RMne Province. 185th: 14th District — Grand Duchy of Baden. 
65th Reserve: 8th District — Rhine Province.) 

1916. 

The 208th Division was organized in the region of Sissonne at the beginning of 
Septeml)er, 1916. Its three infantry regiments came from older divisions — the 25th 
from the 15th Division, the 185th from the 185th Division, the 65th Reserve from the 
16th Reserve Division. 

Before being transferred to the 208th^ Division these regiments were engaged in 
the battle of the Somme, where the Iwh Infantry especially was particularly tried 
(July 5-18). 

G ALICIA. 

1. On September 3 the di\dsion was sent to the Eastern Front, via Luxemburg- 
Aix la Chapelle-Berlin-Leipzig-Cracow-Lemberg. 

2. Fought at Brzezany and Halicz from the middle of September to the end of 
October. 

France. 

3. About the beginning of November it returned to the Western Front, Ada Lemberg- 
Budapest-Vienna-Salzburg-Rosenheim-Munich-Frankfurt-Cologne-AixlaChapelle- 
Liege. Detrained November 13 at Caudry. 

Somme-Ancre. 

4. On November 18 it went into line north of the Ancre, where it was seriously 
engaged in a series of local attacks. 

5. Relieved December 12 and went to rest northeast of Ghent. 

1917. 

Flanders. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1917 the division took over the sector Ypres- 
Comines Canal, which it held until February 25. 

2. After a month's rest in the region north of Ghent it returned to the front (sector 
Bixschoote-Langemarck) from March 28-29 to middle of April. 

Artois. 

3. April 24 the division was engaged before Arras between Gavrelle and Roeux 
and was severely tried diu-ing the British offensive. 

HlNDENBURG LiNE (OiSe). 

4. Withdrawn from the Artois front May 8 and went into line in a quiet sector south 
of St. Quentin, between Berthenicourt and Moy, where it remained for more than 
three months. May 14-15 to August 18. Received about 1,000 replacements, among 
others from the 616th Infantry dissolved, in May. 

Flanders. 

5. About August 23 went to Flanders, via Origny-Le Cateau-Mons-Ghent-Deynze- 
Lichtervelde. September 4-5 it went into the sector of Langemarck. Though 
already sorely tried by artillery fire, it was subjected to the British attack of September 
20, which again caused it very heavy losses. The 1st and 3d Companys of the 185th 
Infantry were entirely destroyed or captured; the rest of the 1st Battalion was re- 
duced to a handful of men (letter). 

St. Mihiel. 

6. Left the Flanders front September 29 and went to Lorraine where it took over 
the St. Mihiel sector. 

Cambrai-St. Quentin. 

7. November 26 it entrained for the region of Gambrai where the 25th Infantry 
fought on the 30th in support of the 34th Division. The division then held the sector 



670 DIVISIOI^S OF GEKMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IB WAR. 

southwest of Villers Guislain-north of Epehy until the beginning of February, 1918. 
Relieved at that time, and at the beginning of March took over the sector west of 
Bellenglise, northwest of St. Quentin. 

RECRUITING. 

The 185th Regiment is a Baden regiment (German communique of Nov. 26, 1916). 
The other two regiments are from the Rhineland, and thus the division may at times 
be designated under the general appellation of "Rhenish troops." 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division took part in many battles on different fronts and generally did well. 

When it was put in line at Ypres in September, 1917, 25 per cent of its fighting forces 
belonged to the 1918 class, and these young elements seem at this time to have weak- 
ened the fighting spirit of the division. (Information from the British, October, 1917). 

1918. 
Battle op Picardy, 

1. The division was in the Bellenglise line sector when the attack of March 21 
began. By the evening of the 21st it had advanced as far as le Vergnier. The next 
day it advanced via Bernes and Catigny and entered Peronne on the follomng day, 
remaining there until the 25th, when it crossed the Somme near Biaches. On the 
26th the division advanced 4 kilometers encountering slight opposition, and on the 
27th advanced 12 kilometers -without opposition. It reached Framerville on the 28th 
after some fighting and on the 29th was engaged against a British counterattack be- 
tween Cayeux and Beaucourt. A day or so later it was retired from the front near 
Marcelcave. The casualties of the division in the offensive were estimated by the 
British as 70 per cent. 
Hangard. 

■2. It rested near Clery, in the vicinity of Peronne, from April 1 to 18. It came 
into line north of Hangard (night of Apr. 21-22) and was heavily engaged until May 4. 
Again the division suffered very heavy losses. 

WOEVRE. 

3. The division went to rest in the "Valenciennes area on May 7. About June 4 
it entrained and traveled via Mons-Namur-Charleville-Conflans to Chambley, where 
it detrained a day later. On the night of June 4-5 it entered line of the quiet St. 
Mihiel sector and stayed there until the end of July. 

Second Battle of Picardy. 

4. Relieved on July 28, at St. Mihiel, the division was transported to the Noyon 
area, and on August 12 was engaged near Belval (south of Lassigny). In the next 
two months the di^dsion was constantly being pressed back. The line of its retreat 
was through Beaurains-Genvry-Guiscard-Berlancourt-Ville Selves-Crigny-Flavy 
le Martel-Benay-Cerisy (south of St. Quentin). It was relieved by the 1st Reserve 
Division on September 30. 

5. After hardly a week's rest, the division reentered lines near Cambrai (southwest 
of Merguies, later Haussy) about October 8. It held in that sector until the 23d. 
Few days later it was reengaged between Valenciennes and Le Quesnoy (Ruesnes), 
but after a few days in line retired from the front. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as second class. It took a prominent part in the March 
offensive and thereafter was a strong defensive division. Although its effectives 
were greatly diminished in the fall, its morale remained above the average. 



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HISTORY. 

((27th; 4tli District — Prussian Saxony. 75tli Reserve; 9tli District — ScMeswig- 
Holstein and Hansa towns. 390th; 18th District — Hesse-Nassau.) 

1916. 

The 211th Division was organized September 15, 1916, at Tournai. 

The 27th Infantry came from the 27th Division (4th Army Corps), the 75th Reserve 
from the 17th Reserve Division (9th Army Corps), the 103d Reserve (which was re- 
placed by the 390th in January, 1917) came from the 23d Reserve Division (Saxon). 
These three regiments fought in July to August, 1916, in the battle of the Somme 
before being assigned to the 211th Division. 

1. About September 20, its organization being completed, the division was sent 
north of the front of the Somme, to put up defensive works in the region of Nurlu- 
Manancourt. 

Somme. 

2. October 14 it went into line at the St. Pierre-Vaast wood, from where it was 
relieved November 6. 

SoiSSONS. 

3. It then took over the sector north and west of Soissons (Nov. 20). 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the 103d Reserve was transferred to the 58th Division (Saxon) 
and replaced by the 390th, recruited in the Rhineland and Hessa, coming from the 
16th Reserve Division, which had been formed from drafted companies as well as 
from elements of the 21st and 25th Divisions and 25th Landwehr Brigade. 

AlSNE. 

2. The division, thus composed, held the Soissons sector until about March 20. 
On this date it retired tln-ough Terny, Margival, to Vauxaillon, where it established 
its lines and opposed the French attack of April 16. 

Laffaux. 

3. Temporarily withdrawn from the front on April 20, the division went to the north 
of Laffaux, south of Vauxaillon, from May 10 to 25. During these two periods on the 
Aisne front the division suffered heavy losses (especially the 27th, which had already 
received men from the 1918 class, among other reenforcements, at the end of April). 
It was reorganized partly from the dissolution of the 025th Infantry (Hessian). 
Forest of St. Gobain. 

4. June 25 the division held the forest of St. Gobain (sector of Bassoles-Aulers). 
At the end of July it took over the sector of Cerny-Malval Farm. 

5. At the end of December it went to rest and train at Gizy (west of Liesse) and 
vicinity for four weeks. 

RECRUITING. 

The three infantry regiments came from tliree different Prussian Provinces- 
Prussian Saxony (27th Infantry), Schleswig-Holstein and-Hanse towns (75th Reserve), 
Hesse-Nassau, 390th Infantry. The reenforcements from the Russian front in 1917 
also gave a certain number of Hanoverians from the 411th Infantry. 

VALUE — ^1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division had many losses on the Aisne in April to May, 1917, and was com- 
pleted by reenforcements containing a strong proportion of the 1918 class. These 
young soldiers, according to prisoners' statements, showed only mediocre military 
qualities (counterattacks at Laffaux). 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 673 

During tlie four weeks which it spent in the vicinity of Liesse the division took 
part in several training exercises (breaking through maneuvers on an 8-kilometer 
front with simulated enemy tanks). (Interrogation of prisoners, Mar. 7, 1918.) 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division was relieved the 8th of March in the Chamouille area and went 
to rest and train near Laon until the 19th. It marched toward the jumping off point 
east of La Fere by Crepy en Laonnois, arriving there on the 20th. It followed up the 
attack at La Fere, crossing the Oise near Travecy, until the 22d, when it was engaged 
west of Travecy. It advanced through Farguiers-Quessy-Liez-Chauny-Quierzy- 
Varesnes, suffering heavy losses, until the line stabilized near the Aisne Canal at 
Manicamp and Champs. It held this sector until May 27. 

Oise. 

2. When the French retired on the front, following the German advance to the 
Marne, the division advanced as far as Moulin sous Touvent-Nampcel (May 27-31). 
It held that sector until the beginning of July. It withstood a French attack on July 3, 
lost 666 prisoners, and was at once relieved by the 15th Division. 

SOISSONS. 

3. The division rested until mid- July southeast of Soissons. It was brought back 
on the 20th at Mercin-Vauxbuin to oppose the Allied counterthrust and was in line 
until August 3. 

4. After its withdrawal the division was taken to the neighborhood of Charleville 
and dissolved. The 390th Regiment and 75th Reserve Regiment were broken up 
and sent as drafts to the 42d Division and the 87th Division. The 27th Regiment 
replaced the dissolved 32d Reserve Regiment in the 113th Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was in line almost without interruption 
ffom February to August, 1918. When the effective strength had reached a minimum 
the division was dissolved. 
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HISTORY. 
(12th and 19th Districts — Saxony.) 
1916. 
The 212th Division was organized between the 5th and 15th of September, 1916, in 
the region of St. Quentin. At that time it comprised the following three infantry- 
regiments, taken from already existing divisions: The 20th from the 6th Division, the 
114th from the 29th Division, and the 98th Reserve from the 10th Reserve Division. 
Later its infantry composition was completely changed until the division from being 
Prussian became entirely Saxon. 

SOMME. 

1. From September 15 to October 3-5 the division was engaged north of the Somme 
(sector of Clery to Bethune-Peronne road). 

2. Withdra^vn from the front October 5 and sent to rest in the region of St. Quentin. 
Went back into line about the 25th, south of the Somme, between Genermont and 
Ablaincourt. Suffered heavy losses (the 3d Battallion of the 98th Reserves lost 
297 prisoners). 

Champagne. 

3. The division left the Somms November 23-25 and went to rest (end of Novem- 
ber to beginning of Decsm^ber). Then went to the Champagne front (sector of Pros- 
nes-south of Ste. Marie a Py). 

1917. 

1. In January, 1917, the division was reorganized. The 98th Reserve and the 20th 
went to the 207th Division and the 5th Guard Division, respectively, and were re- 
placed by the 9th Jager Regiment (from the 199th Division) and the 415th (from 
the 204th Division). These were Saxon regiments and they were joined a short time 
after by the 416th (also from the 204th Division and Saxon), in place of the 114th, 
assigned to the 199th Division. 

Champagne. 

2. Thus composed the division continued to hold the Prosnes sector until the end of 
March, 1917. 

Roumania. 

3. Relieved about March 25, before the attacks began and sent to Roumania. 

At this time the 9th Regiment of Jagers left the division and went to the 101st 
Division, in Macedonia. The 415th and 416th were sent to the Russian-Roumanian 
front (region of Braila in July, then Focsani-Tecuciu). The division was brought up 
to thr^-^ regiments by the assignment of thel82d (from the 216th Division), a Saxon 
regimtrt. The division suffered heavy losses, especially the 182d Infantry, on Sep- 
temb;.' Z\ 

4. In December the division was relieved from the sector west of Tecutiu. The 
415th and 416th were identified southeast of Panciu December 14; the 182d, north- 
west of Namoloasa, on the 20th. 

RECRUITING. 

The division at the end of 1917 was entirely Saxon. 

• value — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Remained on the Roumanian front during a part of 1917 and the beginning of 1918. 
Moderate fighting value. 

1918. 

1. The division was still in Rumania on the 15th of April. 

Ukraine. 

2. Toward the end of May the division was identified north of Kherson. All the 
younger men visre sent to the Western Front, but the remainder of the division 
did not leave thi 3 region. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 677 

HISTORY. 

(1491.li: 2d District— Pomerauia. SOStli and 74th Reserves: lOfcli District— Hanover.) 

1916. 

The 213th Division was formed near Spincourt, northeast of Verdun, at the be- 
ginning of September, 1916. Its three infantry regiments came from already existing 
divisions, the 149th from the 4tli Division, the 74th Reserves from the 19th Reserve 
Dixasion, and the 368th (former Brigade Ersatz Battalions 37 (Osnabrueck), 38 
(Hanover), 39 (Hildesheim), from the 10th Ersatz Division. 

SOMME. 

1. Although apparently destined for the R,oumanian front, the division v/as sent in 
all haste to the Somme on September 14. It fought beginning the 18th east of Combles 
and suffered heavily. 

AlSNE. 

2. Withdrawn from the front at the end of September and moved to Bohain by 
stages and from there was transported on October 1 to Coucy le Chateau. On the same 
day it took over the Nouvron-Vingre sector north of Vic sur Aisne. It remained there 
until the end of October, and after a short rest went back into line in the same region 
(Moulin sous Touvent-Autreches) at the beginning of November. 

1917. 

1. About January 4, 1917, the division was relieved from the Aisne front and sent 
for a rest and training to the camp at Sissonne (region of Lappion). Maneuvers with a 
Adew to open warfare.) 

OlSE. 

2. After three weeks training it entrained at St. Erme on January 22; detrained the 
same day at Apilly , near Chauny , and went into line between the Oise and QuenneAderes 
(Bailly-Pracy le Val). 

3. On March 17 it retired north of the Ailette in the direction of Chauny and went 
in reserve in the region of Laon. 

Aisne. 

4. An emergency call was sent for it at Sissonne April ]6 and it was brought to St. 
Erme and engaged beginning April 16-17 east of Craonne (north of Ville aux Bois). 
Counterattacked violently in the region of Juvincourt, but suffered considerable 
losses, which necessitated its retreat, on April 21-22. 

5. Sent to rest near Amifontaine and reorganized (replacements especially from the 
617th Regiment (Stettin and vicinity), which was dissolved) April 26 it was reengaged 
south of Corbeny and again suffered heavily from the French attack of May 8 and from 
its counteroffensive of the lOtli. 

6. Left the Craonne front May 29 and went to rest by the Meuse (Spincourt). 

Hill 304. 

7. At the end of July, after two months' rest, went into line east of Hill 304. Only 
the 149th was engaged during the French attack of August 20, and it suffered heavy 
losses. 

Champagne. 

8. Relieved August 25 and sent to Champagne (5 weeks' rest near Asfeld), then went 
into line before Brimont on October 5. 

RECRUITING. 

Two of the regiments, the 74th Reserves and the 368th were from Hanover. The 
149th wHch as a rule was recruited in the second district (Pomerania), was as a matter 
of fact very mixed, like the other regiments of tliis district. 



678 HI VISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PAETIGIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

A good di->dsion. However, the 149th, in line east of Hill 304, offered no resistance 
to the French attack of August 20, 1917. The two other regiments gave no assistance. 

Relatively small proportion of 1918 class men in August, 1917. 

During its stay in the rear (January, 1918) the division was trained for open warfare. 
(Examination of prisoners, March, 1918.) 

1918. 
Battle of the Aisne. 

1. The division contiuued to hold the quiet Brimont Courcy sector until May 10, 
when it was relieved by the 242d Division. It rested near Asfeld until the 24th, 
when it returned to the Brimont sector on the night of the 24th-25th, and attacked on 
the 27th. It advanced through Loivre, Merfy, and Guex until the line stabilized 
west of Reims (Vrigny-Ormes-Champigny). It held that sector until September 27. 

2. It was moved in motor trucks on the 27th to south of Arnes, and the next day was 
engaged near Ste. Marie a Py. The division was engaged without pause until the 
armistice. In the first week of October it was pushed back to Ste. Etienne a Ames, 
losing 560 prisoners. From then it retreated to east of Machault, between Vouziers 
and Attigny and later to the region northeast of Attigny (Le Chesne-Louvergny). 
It was last identified at Louvergny on November 6. 

■ VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. Its morale remained fairly high, and the 
division did well in the Ardennes in September-October. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHK!Ii PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 679 



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HISTORY. 

(50th: Sth District— Posen. 358th: 2d District— Pomerarda. 363d: 8th District- 
Rhine Province.) 

1916. 

The 214th Division was formed in Lorraine in September, 1916. Two of its regi- 
ments came from the Ersatz Divisions — the 358th, former Brigade Ersatz Battalions 
Nos. 1, 2/ 5, and 50; from the Ersatz Guard Division; the 363d, former Brigade 
Ersatz Battalions Nos. 29 (Aix la Chapelle), 30 (Coblentz), and 31 (Treves), from the 
8th Ersatz Division. These two regiments were for two years in the Haye. The 
50th Infantry was taken from the 10th Division (Verdun front). 

SOMME. 

1. Started for the Eastern Front September 10, 1916, but was stopped at Frankfort 
on Main and brought back to France to oppose the offensive on the Somme. Hastily 
engaged at Rancourt September 19-20, but lost that village. Lost heavily (600 
prisoners) and was relieved October 2. 

Bois LE Pretre. 

2. From October 15 to November 25 the division held the Bois le Pretre sector. 
Somme. 

3. At the beginning of December it again went to the Somme in the region of Ba- 
paume (Gueudecourt). 

1917. 

1. The division was withdrawn from the Somme about February 6, 1917, and went 
to rest; obtained replacements from the 609th Infantry (Rhineland). 
Champagne. 

2. About February 20 the division was north of Noiu'oy-Moronvilliers. Its regi- 
ments were successively put in line beginning with the fii'st part of March, then were 
placed all together in line April 15. April 17 and 18 the division opposed the French 
attacks on the Nauroy-Auberive front. Its losses were considerable (19 officers and 
1046 unwounded prisoners). Losses of the 12th Company of the 50th Infantry, 129 
men (document). 

3. On the night of the 18th-19th the division was relieved and sent to rest south- 
west of Monthois and reorganized. The 5th Company of the 363d Infantry received 
at least 134 replacements, mostly from the 1918 class, some of them with only three 
months' training. 

Argonne. 

4. About May 4-5 the division went back into line south of Rouvroy (Cernay en 
Dormois) and stayed there imtil July 22 or 23. No important action during this 
period. 

Flanders. 

5. During the first days of August the division was sent to Flanders via Charleville, 
Namur, Brussels, and Ghent. It went to the Bixschoote-Langemarck sector, where 
it fought until August 17 (battle of Flanders, French attack of August 16). 
Cambrai. 

6. After a rest on the coast it went to Douai August 23 and took over the Oppy- 
Gavrelle sector (September to November). November 22 it went in all haste to oppose 
the advance of the British army southwest of Cambrai, and fought until December 4. 
At that date it was sent to rest near Valenciennes. 

recruiting. 

A composite division. The 50th (5th District) and the 358th (2d District) had a 
pretty large proportion of Poles, and some Brandenburgers to counterbalance them. 
The 363d was a Rhenish regiment, as well as the field artillery of the division. 



DIVISIONS or GERMAN ARMY WHICH TARTICIPATED IN WAR. 681 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 214th Division must be cousidered as a good division. However, it should be 
noted that in Champagne during the attack of April 17, it was more or less demoralized 
by the losses suffered. A large number of men are said to have fled during the pre- 
paratory artillery fire. 

At Ypres in August, 1917, the 358th and 363d opposed great resistance, particularly 
where there were enough officers to hold the men under the artillery fire. 

Of the three regiments of the division, the 50th was the worst; many Poles. 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1. The division held the Dixmude sector until April 5, when it was relieved by the 
6th Bavarian Division. It was ^vithdra^i-vn to Couckelaere and Ichteghem, when it 
entrained on the 6th and 7th and traveled via Thourout-Lichtervelde-Roulers- 
Coutrai to Lauwe, from where they marched to Halluin 

Lys. 

2. It was engaged north of Armentieres from April 10 to 13 (Ploegsteert-Neuve 
Eglise). It was relieved on the 13th-14th and went to rest near Lille until May 19. 
On May 6 some elements of the division reenforced the Alpine Corps at Locre for a 
short time. 

Arras. 

3. On May 19-20 the division came in line east of Arras (Feuchy-Monchy le Preux) 
and held that quiet sector until the British attacked them on August 27. The division 
lost 1,171 prisoners and was relieved on the 28th. 

PiCARDY. 

4. The division rested until September 24, when it entered line southwest of Douai 
(Sailly Ostrevent Biache, St. Vaast) and held there until October 8. It retreated 
between Douai and Valenciennes as far as east of St. Awand. It withdrew from line 
near Conde on the 24th. A day later it was reengaged south of Valenciennes (Famars) 
and in line until November 5. On the first 10 days of November the division lost 
750 prisoners. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. In 1918 it played a rather colorless role. Its 
hardest fighting was in October in the Cambrai battle. 



682 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR- 683 

HISTORY. 

(224tli Reserve Infantry Regiment: 18tli Corps District — ^Hesse-Nassau. 2d Reserve 
Ersatz and 71st Landwehr Regiments: 11th Corps District — Thuringia and Prussian 
Saxony.) 

1916. 

Champagne. 

1. Tlie 215tlr Division, formed about Sej^tember, 1916, and comprising at this time 
the 40th Ersatz Regiment, taken from the 19th Ersatz Division; the 2d Reserve 
Ersatz, from the 1st Reserve Ersatz Brigade; the 60th Reserve, from the 13th Land- 
wehr Division, was identified for the first time on September 29, 1916, on the Cham- 
pagne front, east of Auberive. It occupied the sector of Prosnes, south of Ste. 
Marie a Py, until the end of November. 

2. Relieved in Champagne, the 215th Division was transferred to the Eastern Front, 
leaving the 60th Reserve Regiment in France as a part of the 221st Division and taking 
witli it the 71st Landwehr Regiment from the 13th Landwehr Division. 

Russia. 

3. Arriving in Russia at the beginning of December, the 215th Division formed a 
part of tlie 22d Reserve Corps (Army of the Bug) and was reenforced by the addition 
of the 244th Reserve Infantry Regiment from the 53d Reserve Division. 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1. At the beginning of 1917 the composition of the 215th Division was again 
changed — the 244th Reserve Infantry Regiment went over to the 119th Division and 
was replaced by the 224th Reserve Infantry Regiment from the 48th Reserve Division. 

2. During the year 1917 the 215th Division occupied, in Volhynia, the sector situ- 
ated east of Gorokhov (northwest of Berestiecko). 

3. Its composition was once more modified — the 40th Ersatz Regiment was trans- 
ferred to a newly formed Saxon division, the 96th. 

RECRUITING. 

The 215th Division was fairly homogeneous. It was mostly recruited from the 11th 
and to some extent from the 18th Corps Districts (Thuringia, the Electorate of Hesse, 
and Hesse-Nassau). 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division had been in Russia since December, 1916, and was only mediocre. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1. Early in the year the division was still in Russia. It was identified near Kiev 
on the 12th of March and in the Kharkov region in April. Early in May the division 
had advanced to the Sea of Azov. Early in September, all unmarried men less than 
35 years of age (Alsace-Lorrainers included) were sent to the Western Front, which 
probably explains the many reports of the division having been sent to France. 
In all probability the division never left the Ukraine. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



684 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 685 

HISTORY. 

(42d Infantry Regiment; 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 59tli Infantry Regiment; 
20th Corps District — Eastern part of West Prussia. 354th Infantry Regiment; 
6th Corps District — Silesia.) 

1916. 

The 216th Division was formed in Galicia in July, 1916, by drafts upon regiments of 
other divisions. At the time of formation it comprised the 182d Infantry Regiment, 
from the 123d Division (Saxon), the 354th Infantry Regiment from the 38th Division 
and the 21st Reserve Infantry Regiment from the 217th Division. 

GaLICIA-TrANS YLVANIA . 

1. In Galicia (Brzezany) beginning of October, the 216th Division was transferred 
to the Transylvanian front (valley of the Olt) on November 8. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. It took part in the Roumanian campaign. 

3. At the end of December it was south of Rimnicu-Sarat. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. In January, 1917, the 216th Division was in line east of Focsani, where it remained 
until August. 

2. It took part in the attacks north of Focsani in August, where the 182d Infantry 
Regiment lost especially heavily. 

3. At this time the 42d and 59th Infantry Regiments, filled up in June by men 
borrowed from the 76th Reserve Division, then in the rear of the Roumanian front 
replaced the 182d Infantry Regiment, transferred to the 212th Division and the 21st 
Infantry Regiment, sent to the Macedonian front. 

4. With this composition the 216th Division occupied the line north of the mouth 
of the Buzeu. It was still there at the end of December. The 354th Infantry Regi- 
ment was identified on December 28 by fraternizing. 

RECRUITING. 

The 42d Infantry Regiment, Pomeranian, and the 59th Infantry Regiment, from 
Posen, also contained contingents from the 2d, 5th and 20th Corps Districts, and since 
1915 have contained a large number of Alsace-Lorrainers. The 354 Infantry Regi- 
ment, formed from mobile depot battalions of the former Breslau Garrison, replaced its 
3d Battalion (Saxon) by Prussians, and consisted almost entirely of drafts from Silesia. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 216th Division fought and held sectors almost entirely on the Roumanian front. 

1918. 

1. On the 1st of April the division started for the Western Front. It traveled via 
Bucharest - Budapest - Prague - Dresden - Leipsig - Erfurt - Frankfort - Thionville - 
Luxemburg - Namur - Mons - Valencennes, and detrained at Orchies and Sornain 
from April 12 to 20. 

Kemme. 

2. It entered line at Kemme on May 9 and with the exception of the first week in 
Juile held that sector until June 18. 

3. The division rested and underwent training north of Courtrai (Ovstroosebeke- 
Marialoop) until July 23. It was then railed to Laon and marched toward the front 
south of Fismes through Urcel, Brenelle, Bozoches, Mont St. Martin. It was in 
reserve northeast of Cierges on July 28-29, 



688 DlVISIOlSrS of GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Vesle-Aisne. 

4. It was engaged near Cierges and west of the Bois Meuniere on July 29 and 30. 
The next day it returned north of Cierges and later to the Vesle east of Fismes (Mag- 
neux). The di"sdsion lost heavily in their retreat. It held the sector on the Vesle 
until September 5, when it fell back through Merval toward the line of the Aisne. 
It held on the line west of Revillon, south of Villers en Prayeres until October 10. 
Again it gave way before the A^llied pressure and retii'ed through Bouconville, north 
of Aubigny (llth-]2th), Montaigu (13th) toward Liesse-Sissonne. In this area the 
division was withdrawn from line on October 23. 

Champagne. 

5. Without having had an opportunity to «rest, the division was returned to line 
northwest of Chateau Porcien on October 25 and fought until November 5. 

6. At the time of the armistice the division was considered in reserve of 5th Army. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. Its conduct during the retreat to the Vesle 
was good. The three months of constant service in line greatly fatigued the troops 
and lowered the morale of the division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 687 



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688 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(9th Reserve Infantry Regiment: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 22d Landwehr 
Regiment: 6th Corps District — Upper Silesia. 29th Bavarian Infantry Regiment: 
Mixed — Prussia and Bavaria.) 

1916. 

The 217th Division was formed on the Eastern Front about August, 1916. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. Composed of the 9th Reserve Infantry Regiment from the 3d Reserve Division, 
the 45th Infantry Regiment from the 101st Division, and the 22d Landwehr Regi- 
ment from the 4th Landwehr Division, the 217th Division left the Brest-Litowsk 
area at the beginning of October, 1916, to take part in the Roimianian campaign. 

2. It was in Dobroudja about the end of October; in the area south of Bucarest in 
November. At the beginning of November the 45th Infantry Regiment, which 
returned to Macedonia, was replaced by the 21st Infantry Regiment from the 36th 
Reserve Division. 

3. At the end of December elements of the 9th Reserve Infantry Regiment occupied 
the front south of Isaccea (Dobroudja). 

1917. 
Braila. 

1. In January, 1917, the 217th Division was in the Braila area; in February, at the 
mouth of the Buzeu. 

Odobesti. 

2. In the month of May the division left the Braila front and went into line north- 
west of Odobesti in the vicinity of Focsani. At this time it acquired its definite 
organization: 9th Reserve, 29th Bavarian, and 22d Landwehr Infantry Regiments. 

Panciu. 

3. From July to December the 217th Division remained in Hue northwest of Panciu. 

RECRUITING. 

The 217th Division was one of the most heterogeneous. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division had been on the Roumanian front since October, 1916, and was 
mediocre. 

1918. 

RoUMANIA, 

1. Early in April the division was still on the Roumanian front, but was leaving 
shortly for another theater. 

Ukraine. 

2. At the beginning of May the division was in the Kherson region. 

Crimea. 

3. The middle of the month the division was near Sebastopol. 

Georgia. 

4. About the middle of July elements of the division were identified at Poti and 
Tiflis. 

Serbia. 

5. Early in October the di^dsion having moved to the vicinity of Nish opposed the 
advance of the Serbian and allied troops. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISrONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 689 



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690 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(204th Infantry Regiment: Guard. 256th Reserve Infantry Regiment: 7th Corps 
District — Westphalia. 5th Landwehr Regiment: 17th Corps District — West 
Prussia.) 

1916. 

The division was formed on the Eastern Front about September, 1916. 

Galtcia. 

1. Concentrated, beginning of October, in the Brest-Litovsk area, the 218th 
Division was transferred to Galicia, in the Brody, sector in the middle of October. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. Beginning of December the 218th Division was sent to the Roumanian front. 
It was then composed of the 204th Infantry Regiment, taken from the 43d Reserve 
Division; the 256th Reserve Infantry Regiment, from the Mitau Group; and of the 
5th Landweln" Regiment, taken from the 11th Landwelir Division. It occupied the 
sector of Oitoz (December). 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. The 218th Division remained in line between the valleys of the Trotus and of 
the Putna (south of Ocna, northwest of Panciu) until July, 1917. 

2. At the end of July it was engaged in its sector in front of Kezdi-Vasarheiy and 
retired to the south bank of the Piitna on July 29. 

3. In August and until the end of the year 1917 the 218th Division remained in 
line in the vicinity of Soveja. 

RECRUITING. 

I' 
The 204th Reserve Infantry Regiment was recruited from the whole of Russia; the 
256th Reserve Infantry Regiment from Westphalia and the Rhine Districts; the 5th 
Landwehr Regiment from West Prussia. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 218th Division had been on the Roumanian front since December, 1916, and 
was mediocre. 

1918. 

ROUMANIA. 

In June the division was still in Roumania. Men under 35 years of age were sent 
to the Western Front, wMch gave rise to the report of the division's presence in the 
Lille- Armentieres region early in June. The 256th Reserve Regiment was identified 
in Macedonia early in July, but the remainder of the division was still in Roumania 
the middle of October. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAISr AKMY AVHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 691 

2l9tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




47 Ers. 


101 Res. 

391. 

431. 

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101 Res. 




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431. 




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Artillery 


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45 Saxon Ers. F. A. Rgt. 

767 Light Am. Col. 

768 Light Am. Col. 
785 Light Am. Col. 




Engineers and I.iai- 
sons. 


(219) Pion. Btn: 
254 Pion. Co. 
54 Bav. Pion. Co. 
416T.M.CO. 
219 Tel. Detch. 


205 Pion. Btn. Rgt. 

377 Pion. Co. 

78 Res. Pion. Co. 

222 Searchlight Section. 
219 Signal Command: 

219 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


444 Ambulance Co. 
Ill Field Hospital. 
153 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


404 Ambulance Co. 
Ill Field Hospital. 
153 Field Hospital. 
226 Vet. Hospital. 


Transports 


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HISTORY. 

(12th and 19th Corps Districts — Saxony.) 

1917. 

The 219th Division (Saxon) appeared to have been formed in January, 1917. 
Lorraine. 

1. Concentrated i^Eorraine and comprising the 431st Infantry Regiment, made up 
of drafts from va^rous Saxon Regiments, the 101st Infantry Regiment, from the 23d 
Reserve Division, and the 100th Landwehr Regiment, a surplus regiment of the 19th 
Ersatz Division, the 219th Division occupied the sector of Blamont in February, 1917. 

2. It remained on the Lorraine front in the vicinity of Leintrey-Badondiller until 
June 10. 

Artois. 

3. Sent to the north of France, it relieved the 79th Reserve Division north of La 
Bassee (Neuvechapelle-Fromelles) on July 8. With the 42d Landwehr Division, it 
exchanged the 100th Landwehr Regiment for the 391st Infantry Regiment, Saxon also. 
Russia. 

4. About the end of September the 219th Division was withdrawn from the front 
and transferred to Russia at the beginning of October. 

Riga. 

5. It was in the Riga area in October and November. 



recruiting. 



The division was entirely Saxon. 



692 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 219th Division had been in Russia since October, 1917, and was a fairly good 
division. 

1918. 
Livonia. 

1. The 219th Division took part in the occupation of Livonia; on the 17th of March 
it arrived at Dorpat. 

Serbia. 

2. The 101st Reserve and the 431st Landwehr Regiments were identified at Nish 
on the 9th of October. The 391st Regiment was seen at Walk in Livonia at the begin- 
ning of October, when the men said they were leaving for the western theater (the 
regiment was never identified there). The whole of the 219th Division had thus left 
the Russian front and two regiments at least went to Serbia. 

value — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was lated as third class. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 693 



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51 F. A. Ret. 
87 Ft. A. Btn. 
938 Light Am. Col. 

1326 Light Am. Col. 

1327 Light Am. Col. 


220 Pion. Btn.: 

2Gd. Res. Pion. Co. 

88 Res. Pion. Co. 

417T.M.C0. 

189 Searchlight Section. 
220 Signal Command; 

220 Tel. Detch. 

124 Wireless Dctch. 


40 Ambulance Co. 
65 Res. Field Hospital. 
74 Res. Field Hospital. 
276 Vet. Hospital. 


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55 Res. Field Hospital. 
74 Res. Field Hospital. 
276 Vet. Hospital. 


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694 Divisio]srs of germae" army avhich participated in war. 

HISTORY. 

(190tli Infantry Regiment and 55th Reserve Infantry Regiment; 7th Corps District — 
Westphalia. 99th Reserve Infantry Regiment; 15th Corps District — Alsace.) 

1916. 

The 220th Division was formed at the end of 1916 with regiments taken from divi- 
sions then in line on the Somme and south of Artois. The 207th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment coming from the 44th Reserve Division, the 55th Reserve Infantry Regi- 
ment and the 2d Reserve Guard Division and the 99th Reserve Infantry Regiment 
from the 26th Reserve Division. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1. Concentrated at Boyelles (west of Croisilles) on February 6, 1917, the 220th 
Division went into line at Ransart, south of Arras. About March 18 it took part in 
the retirement of the German forces and established its position at Henin sur Cojeul, 
Ecoust St. Menin, Croisilles. It was engaged, in April, between Croisilles and Arras. 
In April the 190th Infantry Regiment replaced the 207th Reserve Infantry Regiment. 

2. Withdrawn from the Arras front at the end of April, the 220th Division was 
sent to rest in the vicinity of Montague du Nord, then to Belgium between May 6 and 
15. 

3. It came back to its old sector in Aitois (Fontaine les Croisilles, Bullecourt) about 
May 29, and remained there until about July 6. 

Lens. 

4. After a rest in the rear of Douai, northwest of Lens, from the beginning of July 
to the middle of August, the division was engaged near Lens from August 16 to 22. 

Ypres. 

5. At the beginning of October it was sent to Belgium. On the 12th it went into 
line east of Zonnebeke. 

Cambrai. 

6. Sent to rest about October 15 in the vicinity of Bruges, it then fought on the 
Cambrai front, south- of Crevecoeui", at the end of November (German counterattack). 

7. It was sent to rest in December. 

RECRUITING. 

The 220th Division may be considered as Westphalian since two of its regiments 
were normally filled up from the 7th Corps District, and since the 99th Reserve In- 
fantry Regiment, like a number of regiments in Alsace, received most of its men 
from there. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The regiments of the 220th Division did not appear to have any great offensive 
value. 
The division lost quite heavily in the sector of Lens at the beginning of 1918. 

1918. 
La Bassbe. 

1. During the night of December 31-January 1 it relieved the 1st Guard Reserve 
Division in the HuUuch-Loos sector (south of La Bassee). On the 27th it was relieved 
by the 1st Guard Resei-ve Division. 

2. A day or two later it relieved the 207th Division in the sector to the right of the 
one it had just held. During the night of the 18th-19th of February it was relieved 
by the 207th Division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 695 

3. It went back to the Lens sector then and relieved the 1st Guard Reserve Division 
on the 20th. It was not withdrawn until April 25, when it was relieved by the 42d 
Division. During these three months the division had about 1,600 casualties (mainly 
gas), and so now a week or so was spent refitting in the region north of Douai. 

4. On May 6 it relieved the 44th Reserve Division southeast of Locon (west of La 
Bass^e). This front had been stabilized by now, but still there was a great deal of 
artillery activity and constant raiding. The division was withdrawn about the 1st 
of August, the neighboring divisions extending their fronts. 

Bapaume. 

5. After a fortnight's rest the division reenforced the front in the Biefvillers sector 
(northwest of Bapaume) about the 20th of August. It was withdrawn about the 3d 
of September after losing some 600 prisoners. 

Cambrai. 

6. It rested again for a fortnight, and then reenforced the front near Bl^court (north 
of Cambrai) about the 29th of the month. It was heavily engaged here and suffered 
severely; withdrawn on the 13th of October. 

Valenciennes. 

7. About the 21st it reenforced the front near Anzin (northwest of Valenciennes). 
It was withdi-awn on November 4. 

8. On the 7th it was put back into line near Elouges (southwest of Ghislain); it was 
not withdrawn before the armistice. 

VALUE — 191S ESTIMATE. 

The 220th Division was not used in any of the German offensives during 1918; on 
the contrary, its role seems to have been that of a holding division. The 55th Reserve 
Regiment was mentioned as having displayed "marked gallantry" in the German 
communique of October 2. It is rated as a second-class division. 



696 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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273 F. A. Rgt. 

40 Ft. A. Btn. (Staff, and 1, 2, and 

3 Btries.). 
126 Light Am. Col. 
1276 Light Am. Col. 
1345 Light Am. Col. 


(221) PJon. Btn.: 

1 Res. Co. 25 Pions. 

2 Res. Co. 21 Pions. 
431 T. M. Co. 

200 Searchlight Section. 
221 Signal Command: 
221 Tel. Detch. 
71 Wireless Detch. 


223 Ambulance Co. 
161 Field Hospital. 
163 Field Hospital. 
321 Vet. Hospital. 


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82 Carrier Pigeon Loft. 
21 M. G. S. S. Detch. 

1 Btrv. 39 Ft. A. Rgt. 

2 Btrv. 39 Ft. A. Rgt. 
119 Balloon Sqn. 

238 Reconnaissance Flight. 

Elements attached Sept. 29, 1918. 


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1 Res. Co. 25 Pions. 
431 T. M. Co. 
221 Tel. Detch. 


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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 697 

HISTORY. 

(41st Infantry Regiment: 1st Corps District — East Prussia. 60th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment: 21st Corps District — Lorraine. 1st Reserve Ersatz Regiment: Guard 
Depots.) 

1916. 

The 221st Division was formed in the Ardennes (vicinity of Mouzon) in October, 
1916, by taking the 41st Infantry Regiment from the 1st Division, the 60th Reserve 
Infantry Regiment (21st Corps District) from the 1st Bavarian Landwehr Division, 
and the 1st Reserve Ersatz Regiment (Guard Depots) from the 1st Reserve Ersatz 
Brigade. 

SOMME. 

1. A short time after its formation the 221st Division was transferred south of the 
Somme. On October 21-23 it went into line east of Berny; it remained there during 
the entire winter of 1916-17 and launched only a few local attacks. 

1917. 

HiNDENBURG LiNE. 

1. At the end of March, 1917, the division withdrew with the German Army to the 
new positions on the Hindenburg Line, northwest of St. Quentin. 

Artois. 

2. Relieved about April 8, it rested for 10 days near Tournai, and on April 27 went 
into line in the sector of Guemappe-Monchy le Preux (southeast of Arras). It was 
seriously engaged against the British offensive until May 8-9. 

3. About May 28 it returned to the Hindenburg Line between Moevres and Havrin- 
court. 

Flanders. 

4. On July 12 it left this sector for Flanders, where it was sent into reserve near 
Winckel-St. Eloi. It did not take part as a whole in the British attack of July 31. 
On August 1 the entire division was engaged in the sector of Zonnebeke, where it 
launched a violent counterattack, in the course of which it lost heavily. 

5. The 221st Division was relieved from the Ypres front during the night of August 
3^, but left some units in line until the 10th. Transferred to Champagne, it went 
into line east of Auberive on August 17, without having had any rest. It there filled 
up its effectives (with replacements comprising a large proportion of the 1918 class). 
Its activity was not manifested there except by a few raids. 

Cambrai. 

6. On November 7 the division left the Champagne front, was transferred to Belgium, 
and remained at rest at Deynze until November 23. On this date it was taken by 
railroad to the Cambrai front, attacked by the British troops. Sent into line between 
Bourlon and Fontaine-Notre Dame on the 27th, it took part in the German counter- 
attack. Relieved on December 7, it rested for a month in the vicinity of Douai. 

RECRUITING. * 

The division was very mixed. The 1st Reserve Ersatz Regiment, originating in 
the Guard depots, was recruited from the entire Province of Prussia; the 41st Infantry 
Regiment (from East Prussia) was one of the regiments of the Prussian Army which 
had received the most replacements because of losses; the 60th Reserve Infantry 
Regiment comprised a majority of Westphalians and men from the Rhine Province, 
but also a large number from other corps districts. 



698 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 19l7 ESTIMATE. 

The 221st Division always gave a good account of itself in the battles in which it 
took part. The 1st Reserve Ersatz Regiment, especially, in the course of the attacks 
of November, 1916, showed great tenacity on the defensive and great vigor on the 
offensive. 

The morale of the 221st Division was good in November, 1917. The general com- 
manding the division and the major commanding the 41st Infantry Regiment both 
received the order ' 'Pour le Merite. " 

1918. 
Battle op Picardy. 

1. The division continued to hold the sector near the Arras-Cambrai road until 
shortly before the March offensive. It was withdrawn, given a short rest, and at- 
tacked on the 21st at Queant. In two days it advanced as far as Ervillers (north of 
Bapaume). From the 25th of March to April 16 it rested in close support. 

2. On April 16 the division was engaged the second time in the battle. It entered 
south of Arras in the Boyelles sector and remained there until May 25, when it was 
relieved by the 5th Bavarian Division. 

3. The division rested and trained for almost two months in the locality east of 
Douai (Bruille, Somain, Aniches). The 45th Regiment, coming from the Macedonian 
front, replaced the 1st Reserve Ersatz Regiment, which was dissolved. Toward the 

. end of July the division marched by stages to Noyon. It was held in reserve west of 
that place from July 30- August 8. 
Battle of the Santeere and Second Battle of Picardy. 

4. On August 9 the division was engaged at Arvillers-Hengest. In two days it was 
thrown back on Andechy, west of Roye. It was re-formed to the north and then to 
the southwest of Nesle (Aug. 11-17). It was reengaged on the 18th, and between 
that and the 27th fought north and south of the Aore near Roye (St. Mard-San court). 
Again it was pushed back on the Canal du Nord at Buverchy-Libermont (Aug. 
26-27). Its retreat continued toward Ham (Sept. 3-4) and St. Quentin (5th-8th). 
After that the division was in line near Fontaine les Cleres and Dallon until Septem- 
ber 28. About 1,000 prisoners Were taken from the division in this last sector. 

5. The division was reengaged almost immediately south of Joncourt, Levergies, 
and Sequehort (Sept. 30). By October 10 it had reached Fresnoy le Fraud. It was 
withdrawn on the 10th and rested a week near Bergues sur Sambre. 

6. On the 1.8th it was engaged in the sector of the forest d'Antigny (near Wassigny). 
It retreated across the Sambre Canal on the 19th and passed into reserve. On the 24th 
it was reengaged near the Serre River (west of La Ferte Chevresis). In the final re- 
treat it fell back through La Herie la Vieville, Laigny, and east of Vervins. It was 
in line on November 11. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as second class. It was used as an attack division in the 
March offensive and as a counterattack division in the last three months of the war. 
It was noted for its energetic higher command. When called in to oppose the French 
attack near Roye in August, the division had a rifle strength of 4,000. By the end of 
October this had been reduced to about 1,000. The 45th Regiment was reduced to 
four small companies by October 24. The 41st and 60th Reserve Regiments had but 
three companies to a battalion. 

The division fought very well in spite of its losses and fatigue in the final months. 



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700 DIVISIOI^S OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED UsT WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(81st Reserve Regiment: 18th Corps District — Hesse-Nassau. 193d Reserve Regi- 
ment: 7th Corps District — Westphalia. 397th Reserve Regiment: 2d Corps District 
— Pomerania.) 

1916. 

Formed about September 11, 1916, behind the front north of Verdun, the 222d 
Division took two of its regiments from existing divisions — the 81st Reserve Regiment 
from the 21st Reserve Division, and the 193d Reserve Regiment from the 192d Division. 
Its third regiment, the 397th, was formed at Stenay from elements of the 16th and 53d 
Reserve Regiments (13th Reserve Division), of the 159th Regiment (14th Reserve 
Division), of the 118th Infantry Regiment (56th Division), and especially from the 
140th Infantry Regiment (4th Division). 

1. From September 15 to October 24, 1916, the 222d Division was at rest in Alsace 
in the vicinity of Rouffach. 

SOMME. 

2. Entrained on October 25, it was transferred to the vicinity of Cambrai by way 
of Sarrebruecken, Aix la Chapelle, Brussels, Tournai. About November 5 it went 
into action on the Somme front near Lesboeufs, Le Transloy, and remained in line 
until December 7-8. 

3. After a few days of rest it was sent by railroad into the Laonnois. Detraining at 
St. Erme between December 15 and 29 it took over the sector of the Ville aux Bois 
(southeast of Craonne), which it occupied until February 15, 1917. 

1917. 

1. Upon its release the 222d Division was employed in defensive works behind the 
Aisne-Oise front (north of La Fhre, St. Gobain, Laffaux, Chavignon). 

AlSNE. 

2. About March 16, 1917, it was engaged east of Soissons (Vregny-Combe Plateau); 
counterattacked on March 21 north of Missy sur Aisne ; retired in the direction of the 
Laffaux Mill-Jouy-Aizy (at the beginning of April) and fought on this front April 
18 to 21. 

The 193d Infantry Regiment, sent as reenforcement troops to Soiipir, suffered serious 
losses there and retired by way of Ostel on April 20. 

3. The 222d Division, having established its position between Laffaux Mill and 
Malmaison Farm, was again severely tried during the attacks of May 5 and 6. 

4. Withdrawn from the Aisne front on May 13, it was sent to rest in the area Marle- 
Vervins and reorganized. 

5. At the end of June the division took over its former sector (Laffaux), where the 
attack of July 8 was the only inportant action in which it took part dmring this time, 
which lasted until the beginning of August. 

6. After a short rest in the vicinity of Montigny, it came back into line (Ailles-north 
of Hurtebise) about September 5 and remained in this sector until November 2. At 
this time it took part in the Avithdrawal and occupied new positions north of the Ailette. 

7. On November 28, the 222d Division was relieved in the sector of Chermizy and 
sent to rest at Laon and in the vicinity of Marie (one month's training). 

8. At the end of December it occupied the front Brancourt-Anizy. 

RECRUITING. 

The 81st Reserve Infantry Regiment and the 193d Infantry. Regiment were re- 
cruited in the Rhine districts (Hesse-Nassau, Rhine Province, and Westphalia). 
Many elements from these same regions were in the 397th Infantry Regiment in ad- 
dition to Pomeranians. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 701 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Although it had suffered only slight losses since the beginning o^ November, 1917, 
the 222d Division was exhausted by a stay of more than seven months in the different 
sectors of the Aisne. It is a mediocre division (January, 1918). 

During its rest in December the division received continual but moderate training, 
like the maneuvers of peace times. (Interrogation of prisoner, Feb. 4, 1918.) 

AlLETTE. 

1. This was a very quiet sector and the division remained here without incident 
until the Somme offensive was well under way. However, the division took part in 
the attacks of April 7 and 8, when the enemy endeavored to squeeze out the new 
salient of Coucy le Chateau, which was developed by the progress of the main advance 
toward Montdidier. It suffered heavily in several attacks but gained little ground. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2. About the 3d of May the division was withdrawn and sent to the front southeast 
of Montdidier, where the main battle line had stabilized, but where infantry was still 
continuing, and during the night of the 9th-10th relieved the 206th Division in the 
Assainvillers sector. However, the sector soon grew quiet. The division remained 
in line and took part in the battle of the Oise on June 9, advancing via Courcelles to 
Mery. The division made but little headway (it will be remembered that this whole 
offensive failed) and suffered heavy losses in several days of hard fighting. It was 
relieved by the 11th Division about the 8th of July and went to rest near Coucy le 
Chateau. 

SOISSONS. 

3. During the night of the 25th-26th the division reenforced the front near Nouvron 
(northwest of Soissons). Here it was subjected to the full weight of the attack of the 
18th of August and was driven back to Audignicourt and the Ailette. After having 
suffered very heavy losses (1829 prisoners), it was withdrawn about the 27th and went 
to rest near Laon. About the middle of September it was disbanded, the 81st Re- 
serve Regiment going to the 21st Reserve Division, the 193d Regiment going to the 
14th Division, and the 397th Regiment going to the 45th Reserve Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 222d was rated a second-class division. It took little part in offensive oper- 
ations but was not incapable of putting up a tenacious defense. In June two of its 
regiments threatened to leave the trenches if they were not relieved, but the difficulty 
seems to have been smoothed over though there was no relief until July 8. It is in- 
teresting to note that the divisions receiving regiments when the 222d was disbanded 
were all second-class units. 



702 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IE" WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 703 

HISTORY. 

(144tli Infantry Regiment: 16th Corps District — Lorraine. 173d Infantry Regiment: 
16th Corps District — Lorraine. 29th Ersatz Regiment: 14th Corps District — Grand 
Duchy of Baden.) 

1916. 

The 223d Division was concentrated at Mulhousen at the beginning of October, 
1916. Its regiments formerly belonged to other divisions. The 144th Infantry Regi- 
ment was taken from the 3d Division on the Verdun front; the 173d from the 34th 
Division, then at Thiamnont; the 29th Ersatz from the 39th Bavarian Reserve Divi- 
sion, on the Lorraine front. 

1. Entraining at Mulhousen on October 26, 1916, the 223d Division was transferred 
to the north by way of Sarrelouis-Treves-Aix la Chapelle-Louvain-Brussels- Valen- 
ciennes, and detrained north of Cambrai on October 28. During the night of Novem- 
ber 11-12 it came to the Ancre front (Serre-Grancourt) and lost heavily there. 

2. Relieved about November 25, it was sent to rest in the area east of Cambrai. 
Elements of the 173d Infantry Regiment were sent on detached service south of 
Bapaume (Ligny-Tilloy). 

1917. 

CllAMPAGNE. 

1 . At the end of January, 1917, the 223d Division left the Cambrai area for Champagne. 
It occupied the seqtor north of Rheims (Witry les Rheims, March and April). 

2. About April 27 it was engaged south of Lauroy at Mont Cornillet and lost heavily 
between April 30 and May 8. 

G ALICIA. 

3. Withdrawn from the Champagne front about May 18, the 223d Division was 
transferred to Galicia. (Itinerary: Amagne (May 21)-Sedan-Thionville-Sarre- 
bruecken-Frankfort-Leipzig-Breslau-Cracow-Lemberg. It detrained at Zloczow, 
May 26. 

4. At the beginning of July it opposed the Russian offensive in the vicinity of 
Brzezany; on July 18, it took part in the Austro-German counterattack and marched 
in the direction of Husiatyn, which it reached on the 30th and remained in line there 
until the middle of December. It was sent in reserve on this date, and prepared to 
leave for the Western Front, borrowing men from the regiments of the 83d Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The 223d Division was recruited from Westphalia and the Rhine Province so far 
as concerns the 144th and 173d Infantry Regiments. The 29th Ersatz Regiment 
came from the Grand Duchy of Baden. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 223d Division may be considered good. 

1918. 
Battle of Picardy. 

1. The division rested in a camp at Sissonne until March 19, after which it was 
railed to La Fere, arriving there on March 21. 

2. On the second day of the attack it was engaged near Tergnier-Chauny and ad- 
vanced to the Guiscard region by the 24th. Shortly after its withdrawal from Guis- 
card (25th) it took over the Morlincoui't-Appilly sector on the Oise (east of Noyon) 
and held it until May 1. 



Y04 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

East op Oise. 

3. It rested near Guiscard during the first half of May. On the 15th it was engaged 
in front of Noyon (Larbroye-Mont Renand-Pont I'Eveque) until the 30th. It took 
part in the Oise offensive of June, crossing the river and advancing in the Bois de 
Carlepont in the direction of Caisnes and Cuts. It established itself on the line Bail- 
ley-Tracy le Val-Oise and held that sector until the French attack of August 18. 

OlSE-AlSNE. 

4. The French attack of the 18th threw the division back on Salency. It was 
relieved on the 22d and railed to Anizy le Chateau the same day. From there it 
was taken to north of Soissons and reengaged on the 29th on the line Chauvigny- 
Juvigny. In these two engagements the division lost 688 prisoners. 

5. The division had lost heavily in March and in the August fighting. Its morale 
was poor. The authority of the officers was low and desertions were frequent. As 
a result the division was dissolved in September. Its effectives were turned into 
the 52d, 103d, and 115th Divisions. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Prior to the March offensive it had been 
regarded a good division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 705 



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706 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(429th Landwehr: 3d Corps District — Brandenburg. 19th Landwehr: 5th Corps Dis- 
trict — Posen. 61st Landwehr: 17th Corps District — West Prussia.) 

1916. 
Russia. 

1. Upon its formation the 224th Division appeared on the Eastern Front about 
October, 1916. 

2. At this time it was near the 31st Division, north of Lake Narotch. 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA-SVINIOUKI. 

1. At the beginning of February, 1917, the composition of the 224th Division ap- 
peared to be as follows: 19th Landwehr Regiment taken from the 18th Landwehr 
Division; 61st Landwehr Regiment, from the 85th Landwehr Division, and the 429th 
Landwehr Regiment, a new formation (1916). 

2. The 224th Division then occupied the sector of Sviniouki in Volhynia. It 
remained there during the entire year of 1917, during the latter months furnishing 
important replacements to the Western Front, to such a degree that in November 
the companies of the 429th Landwehr did not have more than 100 men left (Russian 
interrogation). 

RECRUITING. 

The 224th Division was recruited from Branden1)urg and the eastern Provinces of 
the empire. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The division was on the Russian front from its formation and was of mediocre combat 
value. 

In December, 1917, in Volhynia, 50 men of the youngest classes were taken from 
each company of the 429th Landwehr Regiment to be sent to the Flanders front. 

In January, 1918, the companies of the 61st Landwehr Regiment were composed 
of men of the Landsturm. (Prisoner's statement, Jan. 13.) 

1918. 
Volhynia. 

At the beginning of March the division left the Sviniouki region and went vi,a 
Pinsk to Gomel. 
Ukraine. 

2. Toward the end of April the division was identified in the Vorojva region (south- 
west of Koursk). On the 9th of September the division was identified a little farther 
to the north in the Delgorod region. 

WOEVRE. 

3. On Septeml:ier 29 the division was relieved (probably by the 45th Landwehr 
Division) and, entraining at Sadtowo, traveled via Kubiantz-Kharkov-Kiev-Kovel- 
Kattovitz-Dresden-Frankfort on the Main-Saarbrueken-Metz-Batilly, where it de- 
trained on October 12. Resting here until the 16th, it marched via Bruville-Mars la 
Four-Chambley and relieved the 88th Division during the night of the 16th-17th 
south of Dampvitoux. The division was identified by prisoners on November 7 here 
and does not seem to have been withdrawn before the armistice. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was a very poor one. About the middle of the summer the best men 
were chosen to be sent to the Western Front. They were paraded before the com- 
manding general and when they reached the place where he was standing they dropped 
their guns and went back to the casern. Later when the whole division was to come 
to the west, the men were far from satisfied, not being entirely consoled when they 
were informed that they were to enter a quiet sector. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IF WAE. 707 



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708 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTOKY. 

(18tli Reserve: ISth Corps Division — East Prussia. 217th Reserve: 7tli Corps Dis- 
trict— Westphalia. 373d Infantry Regiment: 1st Corps District — East Prussia.) 

1916. 

The 225th Division, including the 18th Reserve Infantry Regiment (from the 1st 
Reserve Division), the 217th Reserve Infantry Regiment (from the 47th Reserve 
Division), and the 373d Infantry Regiment (from the 10th Landwehr Division), was 
formed on the Eastern Front in the vicinity of Wladimir-Volynski about September, 
1916. 
Roumania-Transylvania . 

1. In November, 1916, the 225th Division was transferred to the Roumanian Car- 
pathians. It was there in December in the valley of the Uz. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1. Durmg the first half of 1917 the 225th Division occupied the calm sectors in the 
vicinity of Uz (Hills 1031 and 1640). 

2. In July the 373d Infantry Regiment was transferred to the valley of the Putna 
to withstand the Russo- Roumanian offensive. The division took part in the Austro- 
German counterattack and established its positions near Ocna in September and 
October. 

France. 

3. Relieved about November 11, it went to Bereczk, where it entrained on the 
18th for the Western Front. (Itinerary: Kronstadt (Brasso)-Budapest-Vienna- 
Munich-Carlsruhe-Sarrebruecken.) It detrained on November 25 at Vallieres- 
Vantoux, near Metz, and from there was transferred to the vicinity of Vigneulles 
(Cote de Mouse). 

Cote de Meuse. 

4. On December 4-5, it took over the sector of Chevalierswood, south of Vaux les 
Palameix-Seuzey . 

recruiting. 

Two regiments were drawn from East Prussia (18th Reserve and 372d Infantry 
Regiment), the 217th Reserve from Westphalia. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 225th Division which comprised drafts from Baden, Alsace, Westphalia, East 
Prussia, and the Rhine was not homogeneous and was not considered as a fighting 
division. 

The 18th Reserve Regiment had a bad reputation. On January 6, 1917, it refused 
to attack at Hill 1298 in Hungary. (Interrogation of prisoners Feb. 3 and Mar. 17, 
1918.) 

The division included a large number of Poles. However, men of the young classes 
gradually replaced the older men, who still made up a large part of the division in 
1917; consequently, the combat value of the division may have improved. 

1918. 

1. The division held the Woevre sector until the beginning of May. It entrained 
at Jeandelize about May 15 and was railed by Sedan, Givet, Dmant, Namur, Charleroi, 
Mens, and Cambrai. It detrained near Peron/ne and marched toward the Avre front 
by Chaulnes, Rosieres en Santerre. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAH. 709 

Battle of the Santerke. 

2. It was engaged north of Moreuil (east of the Villers aux Erables-Thennes) on May 
22. The Allied attack struck the diAd-sion and threw it back on Beaufort, losing 2,358 
prisoners. It was relieved on the 10th and rested 15 days. Reengaged on the 25th 
east of Albert (Contalmaison, Montauban) the division again lost heavily. It was 
withdrawn on the 30th. 

3. After its withdrawal the division was dissolved to the profit of the 1st Reserve 
Division and 2d Division. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. In the August fighting in Picardy it did not 
make a strong resistance. In the two engagements in August the division lost 3 593 
prisoners. 



710 DIVISION'S OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAE. 






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HISTORY. 

(2d Corps District— Pomerania.) 

1916. 

The 226tli Division was formed about December, 1916. 
Russia. 

1. At the end of December it was identified on the Eastern Front in the vicinity 
of Smorgoni, forming, with the 205th Division, the 3d (reenforced) Reserve Corps of 
the 10th Army. 

1917. 

1. The 226th Di\dsion inchided in 1917 the 2d and 9th Landwehr Regiments (5th 
Landwehr Brigade), taken from the 35th Reserve Division, and the 439th Infantry 
Regiment, formed in 1916. 

Smorgoni. 

2. The division occupied the sector of Smorgoni-Krevo from January until August, 
1917. In this sector it received the Russian attacks of July 2 and 23, which caused 
it very heavy losses, in consequence of which Emperor William II called himself 
commander of the 2d Landwehr Regiment. 

3. About the beginning of August the 226th Division was relieved south of Smorgoni 
and replaced the 123d Division south of Lake SAdr. In November the 2d Landwehr 
Regiment sent men to reenforce the 121st Division and the 9th Landwehr to reenforce 
the 2d Guard Division. 

Lake Narotch. 

4. In December the division was in line north of Lake Narotch, relieving the 31st 
Division, which was sent to the Western Front. 

1918. 

1. The division was still there in January, 1918. It was dissolved in June. 

ROUMANIA. 

2. The presence of the headquarters of the 226th Division at Targovistea was re- 
ported early in October. These headquarters apparently had under its order the 
58th Reserve Field Artillery Regiment, of which the headquarters and three batteries 
are at Bucharest, the remaining batteries at Durnu Margurelf , Targovistea, and Cantu- 
lung. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as faurth class. 



712 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN" AHMY WHICH PAETlCIJATED IN WAR. 

227tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




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3 Abt. 20 Ft. A. Rgt. (9 and 11 

Btries). 
853 Light Am. Col. 
1102 Light Am. Col. 
113 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


227 Pion. Btn.: 
339 Pion. Co. 
347 Pion. Co. 
162 T. M. Co. 
227 Tel. Detch. 


227 Pion. Btn.: 

339 Pion. Co. 

347 Pion. Co. 

162 T. M. Co. 

213 Searchlight Section. 
227 Signal Command: 

227 Tel. Detch. 

155 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veteri- 
nary. 


65 Ambulance Co. 
278 Field Hospital. 
285 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


65 Ambulance Co. 
278 Field Hospital. 
285 Field Hospital. 
208 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


M. T. Col. 


637 M. T. Col. 



HISTORY. 

(417th Infantry Regiment; Mth Corps District — ^Grand Duchy of Baden. 441st In- 
fantry Regiment; 18th Corps District — Hesse-Nassau. 477th Infantry Regiment; 
8th Corps District — ^Rhine Province.) 

1917. 

The 227th Division, formed in March, 1917, was composed of three newly-formed 
regiments — ^the 417th (Baden), the 441st (18th District — Hesse), the 477th, formed 
by drafts upon the units of the 38th and 13th Divisions and upon the 16th Corps, 
then attached after its formation in the autumn of 1916 to the 33d Division of this 
corps. 
Argonne. 

1. The 227th Division was identified for the first time on March 27, 1917, on the 
Argonne front. It occupied the calm sector of the Fille-Morte until May 26. 

AlSNE. 

2. About Jime 1 it went into line south of the Aisne (La Neuville-Godat) and 
extended its sector, at the beginning of July, to Hill 108 (Sapigneul). 

3. Relieved about August 5, it was sent for rest and trainiag to the Asfeld area. 
On August 20 it went into line north of Berry au Bac, between the Miette and Hill 
108, from which it was withdrawn on August 2. 

The division did not take part in any important engagement on the Aisne front. 
Its losses were very slight. 



DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. VIS 

Flanders. 

4. On October 5 and 6 the 227th Division entrained at Amagne (east of Rethel), 
and was transferred to Belgium by way of Hirson-Tournai-Courtrai-Thielt. Detraia- 
ing at Pitthem on October 6 and 7, it reached the front north of Poepcappelle on the 
night of the 8th-9th, was in action for a week and suffered very heavy losses. 

5. The division left the Ypres front about October 15 to go to Ghent (two days), 
then into the Champagne in the vicinity of Aussonce. It was filled up with three 
replacements, the most important of which was made up of 1,200 men taken from units 
on the Eastern Front, especially from the 12th Landwehr Division, from the same 
Provinces as the 227th Division (end of October). 

Champagne. 

6. At the beginning of November the 227th Division went into line north of Cor- 
nillet. 

RECRUITING. 

The 227th Division was recruited from the Rhine Districts (Baden, Hess^Nassau, 
the Rhine Province), which gives rise to a certain homogeneity. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 227th Division lost very heavily in Flanders and received as replacements a 
certain number of men coming from the Russian front whose combat value was 
mediocre (October, 1917). 

The 227th Division was of only mediocre offensive value. 

1918. 

Champagne. 

1. About the middle of January the 227th Division was relieved by the 28th Divi- 
sion and went to the Juniville area, where it was intensively trained in open warfare 
with a view to its being used as an assault division. 

2. On February 16 it relieved the 28th Division. It was withdrawn toward the 
end of March. 

PiCARDY. 

3. About the 10th of Apiril it relieved the 5th Guard Division near Canny sur Matz 
(west of Lassigny). The battle of the Somme had come to end by this time, and so, 
although there was still considerable artillery activity here, the division was not 
seriously engaged in infantry attacks, and remained in line until -relieved by the 
75th Reserve Division during the night of May 16-17, when it went to rest and be 
trained in the region of Ham. 

OlSE. 

4. On June 7 it started to march to the front via OgnoUes-Champien Wood-Beuv- 
raignes-Crapeaumesnil. On the 9th it attacked through the line and succeeded in 
passing Ricquebourg, Ressons, and Marqueglise. This advance cost the divisions 
heavy losses, and it suffered still more heavily when the French counterattacked in 
force on the 12tht The following day it was relieved by the 17th Reserve Division 
and marched by stages to the region east of St. Quentin. 

WOEVRE. 

5. About the 20th it entrained at Origny and traveled via Charleville-Sedan- 
Longuyon-Confians-Dampvitoux, where it detrained the 21st and 22d. It relieved 
the 8th Bavarian Reserve Division in the St. Baussant-Richecourt sector (south of 
Thiaucourt) on the 27th. It was relieved by the lOtli Division on the 22d of August. 
Soissons. 

6. About the 30th it reenforced the front in the Terny-Sorny sector (north of Sois- 
sons). It was withdrawn about the 8th of September. 



714 DIVISIONS OF GEBMAH ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 

AlSNE. 

7. There was some talk of dissoMng the division at this time, but it was not done, 
and it came back into line, relieving the 17th Division in the Pont-Arcy sector (east 
o!£ Vailly) on the 17th. It remained in line, falling back via MonchS,lons-Ooucy les 
Eppes-Pierrepont-Montcornet-Ebouleau-Renneval-Jeantes la Ville. It had not 
been withdrawn on the 11th. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 227th was rated a third-class division. It was in no heavy fighting during 
1918 until June, when it did not distinguish itself, neither advancing far nor holding 
its ground in counterattack. Its conduct, however, can not be characterized as poor. 
It is to be noted, moreover, that the division commander was awarded ''Pour le 
Merite" in July. 



I 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AKMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN" WAR. 715 

228tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


104. 


35 Fus. 

48. 

207 Res. 


104. 


35. 




48. 

207 Res. 


Cavalry . 


1 Sqn. 1 Uhlan Rgt. 


1 Sqn. 1 Uhlan Rgt. 






Artillery 


228 Art. CoTnTTiand: 
39 F. A. Rgt. 


228 Art. Command: 




39 F. A. Rgt. 

92 Ft. A. Btn. (Staff, and 1, 2, and 
3 Btries). 

1143 Light Am. Col. 

1144 Light Am. Col. 

1145 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(228) Pion. Btn.: 
389 Pion. Co. 
395 Pion. Co. 
197 T. M. Co. 
Tel. Detch. 


228 Pion. Btn.: 

389 Pion. Co. 

395 Pion. Co. 

197 T. M. Co. 

116 Searchlight Section. 
228 Signal Command: 

228 Tel. Detch. 

56 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


567 Ambulance Co. 
63 Field Hospital. 
260 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


567 Ambulance Co. 
63 Field Hospital. 
260 Field Hospital. 
55 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


M. T. Col. 















HISTOEY. 

(3d Corps District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 

Tlie 228tli Division appears to have been formed in the Sedan area in May, 1917. 
Its three regiments belonged to the 3d Corps District — the 35th Fusileer Regiment 
was taken from the 56th Division, the 48th Infantry Regiment from the 113th Divi- 
sion, and the 207th Reserve Regiment from the 220th Division. 

Verdun. 

1. On Jime 22, 1917, the 228th Division was identified on the Verdun front in the 
sector of Les Chambrettes (35th Fusileers). It was still in line on the right bank of 
the Meuse (Louvemont) when the Frehch attacks of August 20-24 were launched. 
It lost heavily there. "Our regiment has only two companies left" (letter from a 
man of the 48th Infantry Regiment, Aug. 23). 

C6tes de Meuse. 

2. Relieved about August 24, it was sent to rest for a few days, then into line 
again about September 6 on the C6tes de Meuse (between Moulainville and Damploup). 
It was reorganized in both men and material. At the end of September 900 men 
came as replacements from the 1st Corps District (retui'ned wounded for the most 
part). The 35th Fusileer Regiment, decimated in August, remained in the rear 
for reorganization. 



'716 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The division was purely Brandenburg (infantry and field artillery). 

For its reorganization after the attacks of August 20-24, 1917, the 228th Division 
received replacements from the 1st Corps District. A replacement unit was formed 
from the 3d Corps District, but the men are said to have refused to leave for the 
Western Front. In default of men from Brandenburg, they called upon the 1st Corps 
District. (Interrogation of prisoner, Sept. 30, 1917.) 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

This was a fairly good division, 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved northeast of Verdun in mid-February and went to 
rest and train southeast of Montmedy (near Marville) until March 17. It was then 
railed to Picardy via Montmedy, Sedan, Hirson, Aulnoye. From there it moved 
toward the front by Croix, Maurois, Beaurevoir, Bellicourt, Roisel, Maurepas, Bray, 
arriving there on the 27th. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. It was engaged on the 29th-30th near Le Hamel, north of Marcelcave, and 
participated in heavy fighting about Hamel until April 13. All three regiments lost 
heavily in the attack. The 207th Reserve Regiment was too weak to hold more 
than 160 yards of front. The 35th Fusileer Regiment lost 700 men Iq killed and 
wounded. After resting from April 13 to 18 the division wass reengaged on the 18th. 
It attacked at Villers-Bretonneux on the 24th without success. After suffering very 
heavy losses the division was withdrawn on April 27-28. 

Champagne. 

3. On the 28th it entrained east of Peronne and was railed to Valenciennes, where 
it rested until May 6-7. From rest the division proceeded to south of Vouziers 
(May 7) and entered line near Tahure on the 13th and held that quiet sector until 
July 15. It did not attack in the offensive in Champagne, but remained behind in 
reserve of the 88th Division. Later it was used by battalions in support of units in 
line until the end of the month. 

4. From the end of July to September 12 the division held a quiet sector of the 
line near Maisons de Champagne. 

5. On the 12th it was moved to Spincourt by Mezieres, Sedan, Montmedy, Longuyon. 
It rested and trained until the 28th, when it marched toward the front at Romagne 
sous Montfaucon (Sept. 28 to Oct. 2). 

6. The division was engaged near Cimel on October 8. Four days later it shifted 
to the right bank of the Meuse (east of Sivry sur Meuse) and held there until November 
5. It retreated toward Fontaine and Ecurey after that date. The division was still 
in line on the day of the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. After its failure on the Somme in the spring 
it was used on unimportant sectors tmtil October. It did not distinguish itself in the 
Meuse-Argonne battle. 



DIVISIOIsrS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 717 

231st Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


231. 


442. 
443. 
444. 


231. 


442. 




443. 
444. 


Cavalry 




1 Sqn. 9 Drag. Rgt. 








Art. Command: 

3 Gd. Res. F. A. Rgt. 


3 Gd. Res. F. A. Rgt. 
90 Ft. A. Btn. 
910 Light Am. Col. 
912 Light Am. Col. 
1135 Light Am. Col. 




Engineers and Liaisons . 


(231) Pion. Btn.: 

353 Pion. Co. 

354 Pion. Co. 
358 (?) T. M. Co. 
418 T. M. Co. 
231 Tel. Detch. 


231 Pion. Btn.: 

353 Pion. Co. 

354 Pion. Co. 

181 Searchlight Section. 
231 Signal Command. 
231 Tel. Detch. 
57 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veteri- 
nary. 


243 Ambulance Co. 

183 Field Hospital. 

184 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


243 Ambulance Co. 
184 Field Hospital. 
217 Field Hospital. 
227 Vet. Hospital. 




641 M. T. Col. 


641 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(Guard.) 

1917. 

' The 231st Division was formed on January 15, 1917, at the Zossen Camp, near 
Berlin. Its infantry regiments (442d, 443d, and 444th) were formed from the depots 
of the Guard and the 43d Reserve Division, likewise a subsidiary of the Guard. 
Initial effectives: 235 to 240 men per company, one-half of the 1918 class, one-fourth 
of returned sick and wounded, one-fourth men withdrawn from the front. The com- 
position is practically the same for the divisions Nos. 231 to 242, as regards infantry 
and pioneers. 

Haye. 

1. The 231st Division left the Zossen Camp on March 30, 1917, detrained at Audun 
le Roman on April 3, and went into line on the 13th at Flirey (Haye). It did not 
show any activity there and left the front on May 12. 

Champagne. 

2. Entraining at Jaulny on May 16, it was concentrated in the vicinity of Epoye, 
northeast of Rheims, and went into line on May 18-19 north of La Pompelle. 
Mont Haut. 

3. In the middle of June it went into line in the Nauroy sector, between Cornillet 
and Mont Haut, and suffered the French attack of the 18th, which /;ansed it heavy 
losses (especially in the 443d Infantry Regiment, where the 10th Company had only 
1 officer and 10 men left). It was relieved about July 6. 

4. After two weeks' rest in the vicinity of Rethel the division was sent into line 
at Bermericourt on July 21. 



718 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IF WAR. 



KECRUITING. 

The 231st Division was recruited from the entire extent of Prussian territory, the 
same as the Guard from whose depots it was formed. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

At the time of the formation of the 231st Division 40 per cent of the men were of the 
1918 class. In consequence of replacements, the proportion of the men of this class 
appeared to be 50 per cent in November, 1917. 

The 231st Division opposed an honorable resistance to the French assault of June 
18, 1917, at Le Cornillet. 

However, taking into consideration that it has never given proof of offensive quali- 
ties, it seems impossible to class it among the good di-visions. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1. Early in February the 231st Division was relieved by the 213th Division and 
went to the Givet-Namur area for training in open warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2. On the 21st of March it was in support l^ehind the 45th Reserve Division. Two 
days later it attacked southwest of Ham in the direction of Esmery-Hallon, suffering 
heav>" losses. It was in reserve near Roye on the 28th. Early in April it was resting 
near Laon, and later in the month it moved to the Marie area, where it was recon- 
stituted. 

AlSNE. 

3. It then relieved the 3d Reserve Division in the Bouconville sector (southeast of 
Laon) early in May. On the 27th other divisions attacked through its sector, the 231st 
following up in reserve via Fismes and Fere en Tardenois. It became engaged on the 
30th near Beuvardes and advanced through Verdilly to Chateau Thieriy; relieved by 
the 20l8t Division about the 16th of June. , It refitted in the Laon region, entrained 
at Sissonne, and traveled via Asfeld to Dun sur Meuse. 

Verdun. 

4. About the 1st of July it relieved the Bavarian Ersatz Division in the Avocourt 
sector (northwest of Verdun). It was relieved by the 37th Division on the 7th of 
August. 

PiCARDY. 

5. The division traveled via Sedan-Laon-Chauny and reenforced the front near 
Appilly (east of Noyonj. In the fighting that followed the division was forced to 
withdraw through Lagny, Champagne, Villeselve, Artemps, Mont d'Origny, and 
Hauteville. It was withdrawn about the 20th of October. 

6. After having rested about a week it came back into line west of Guise about the 
28th. Again it fell back, being identified east of Guise and southeast of Etreux. It 
was still in line on the 11th of November. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division did not distinguish itself during the battle of the Somme, but, on the 
other hand, it did not do badly, for soon afterwards the division commander waa 
granted "Pour le Merite." After the Aisne offensive the brigade commander also 
received it. The division was mentioned in the German official communiques of 
September 4 and October 31. Its losses necessitated the reduction of the battalions 
to three companies but did not lower the morale to any great extent. It should be 
considered as a good second-class division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. Yl9 

232d Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




232. 


445. 
446. 

447. 


232. 


445. 




446. 
447. 


Cavalry 


4 Sqn. 1 Uhlan Rgt. 


4 Sqn. I Uhlan Rgt. 






Artillery 


37 F. A. Rgt. 


232 Art. Command: 




37 F. A. Rgt. 
776 Light Am. Col. 
981 Light Am. Col. 
1093 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons . 


(232) PionBtn.: 

355 Pion Co. 

356 Pion. Co. 
419 T. M. Co. 
232 Tel. Detch. 


232 PionBtn.: 
346 Pion. Co. 
356 Pion. Co. 
419 T. M. Co. 

119 Searchlight Section. 
232 Signal Command: 
232 Tel. Detch. 
162 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


244 Ambulance Co. 

185 Field Hospital. 

186 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


244 Ambulance Co. 

185 Field Hospital. 

186 Field Hospital. 
267 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


642 M. T. Col. 


642 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(405th Infantry Regiment: 1st Corps District — East Prussia. 446th and 447th Infan- 
try Regiments: 20th Corps District — Eastern section of West Prussia.) 

1917. 

The 232d Division belonged to the series of divisions 231 to 242, formed in January, 
1917, by drafts upon the depots (1918 class) and upon the front. It was recruited 
principally from the 1st and 20th Corps Districts (East Prussia). 

After its formation the division was sent for training to the Arys Camp and then, 
on April 3, 1917, to the Eastern Front. 

COURLAND. 

1. On April 6 the 282d Di\dsion went into line in the vicinity of Illukst; it remained 
there until July. 

Smorgoni. 

2. Relieved by the 2d Division, coming from Flanders on July 7, it entrained on 
the 9th, was transfeiTed by railroad to Soly on July 11, and from there went to the 
sector of Smorgoni-Krevo, where it suffered the Russian attack of July 22. 
Galicia. 

3. On July 31 the 232d Division left the Smorgoni front for Galicia. It went into 
line northeast of Tarnapol, west of Zbaraz. It was identified there on December 25 
(fraternization with the Russians). It was during this rest period, in November and 
December, that the division received its first reenforcements of the 1919 class, which 
it later took to France. 



720 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The 232d Division was recruited from East and West Prussia, with a certain number 
of Alsace-Lorrainers. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Having always occupied the Eastern Front from its formation (beginning of 1917) 
until March, 1918, the 232d Division was of mediocre combat value (April, 1918), 

In the 445th Infantry Regiment the majority of men were very young; many 
belonged to the 1919 class (April, 1918). (Interrogation of prisoner.) 

In the 2d Company of the 1st Battalion of the 447th Infantry Regiment, one-third 
belonged to the 1919 class (May, 1918). (Interrogation of prisoner.) 

1918. 

1. The division held the sector west of Vaudesincourt until about May 10, when it 
went to rest in the Juniville-Neuflize area. While there the division was trained for 
mobile warfare. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

2. On May 22 the division left the region of Juniville and moved in three marches 
to Lor and Le Thour (north of Asfeld). On May 26 the division left Lor and advanced 
toward the battle front, following the 86th Division. It passed the former French 
first line near Juvincourt, arrived near Tresion-Bouleuse on May 29, and on the 30th 
was engaged to the right of the 86th Division, near Sarey, where it relieved the 
troops of the 7th Reserve Division. 

3. After that date the division was in the sector on the west bank of the Ardre near 
Chambrecy. The division losses were small during the first three days of the offen- 
sive, but later it suffered seriously, especially in its unsuccessful attack on Bligny 
on June 4. The division was relieved on the 18th by the 123d Division. 

4. It marched by stages to Asfeld and was railed to Montmedy. On the night of 
June 28-29 it relieved the 19th Ersatz Division in the Beaumont sector. It held the 
quiet sector until August 18, when it was withdrawn. On the night of August 26-27 
the division entrained and traveled via Montmedy-Sedan-Charleville-Revin-Char- 
leroi-Mons-Valenciennes-Cambrai, detraining near Etricourt and Manancourt on 
August 28 after a journey of 28 hours. 

Bapaume. 

5. The division was engaged in the Bapaume area (Le Forest, Bouchavesnes, Mois- 
lains) on August 29. It lost 1,500 prisoners before it was withdrawn on September 9. 

6. It rested in the Le Cateau area until September 21, when it reenforced the 
battle front northwest of Hargicourt. After four days it was relieved by the 54th 
Division and rested near La Capelle. It had been there but 10 days when it was 
hurried to the Oise front by motor trucks. 

7. On October 6 it was engaged at Lesdins, with the exception of the 447th Regi- 
ment, which remained at rest at Pont a Bucy and joined the division later. It con- 
tinued in line until about the end of the month, when it retired from the Villers le 
Sec vicinity. It was considered in reserve of the German 18th Army at the time of 
the armistice. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as 4th class. By October its morale was very low and its 
combat value small. On October 25 the division had but 850 infantrymen, 300 
machine gunners, and 120 trench mortar effectives. After August there were but 
three companies to a battalion and but two battalions to the 446th Regiment in 
October. Influenced by Bolshevists, elements of the division refused to go into 
action in October. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 721 
233d Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


19181 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




243. 


448. 
449. 
450. 


243. 


448. 




449. 
450. 


Cavalry 




3 Sqn. 9 Drag. Rgt. 






Artillery 


81 F. A. Rgt. 


233 Art. Command' 




81 F. A. Rgt. 


Engineers and Liaisons 


(233) Pion. Btn.: 

357 Pion. Co. 

358 Pion. Co. 
420 T. M. Co. 
233 Tel. Detch. 


233 Pion. Btn.: 

357 Pion. Co. 

358 Pion. Co. 
420 T. M. Co. 
233 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


245 Ambulance Co. 

187 Field Hospital. 

188 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


245 Ambulance Co. 

187 Field Hospital. 

188 Field Hospital. 
268 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


880 M. T. Col. 


643 M. T. Col. 













1 Composition at the time of dissolution, September, 1918. 



HISTORY. 

(448th and 449th. Infantry Regiments: 2d Corps District — Pomerania. 450th Infan- 
try Regiment: 17th Corps District — ^West Prussia.) 

1917. 

The 233d DiAdsion, formed at the Hammerstein Camp in January, 1917, recruited 
its infantry (448th, 449th, 450th Regiments) from the 2d and 17th Corps Districts. 
It then contained 40 per cent of the 1918 class and 40 per cent returned wounded. 

1. After six weeks in training at Hammerstein, the 233d Division was transferred 
to Beverloo, where it continued its training from the end of February to the beginning 
of April. 

2. About April 10 it occupied a calm sector between La F^re and Alaincourt. 

Flanders. 

3. On May 16 it left the Oise front and went to Flanders. Sent into line at Ypres, 
on both sides of the Ypres-Roulers road (May 19-20), the division had very heavy 
losses in this sector toward the end of July, during the artillery preparation which 
preceded the British attack of the 31st. "In the course of the nine weeks passed in 
Flanders the 450th Infantry Regiment lost 900 men, more than half of whom were 
kUled." (Letter of Aug. 6.) 

4. Relieved on the eve of the attack, the 233d Division was brought back by rail- 
road into the Guise area and sent to rest for two weeks. 

5. From the middle of August imtil September 28 it occupied the sector of St. 
Quentin (Gauchy), after having pillaged the city the same as several other divisions, 

125651°— 20 46 



722 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR, 

Flanders. 

6. On October 2 it entrained for Flanders and was sent by way of Origny, Le Cateau, 
Maubeuge, Mons, Ath, Ghent, Deynze. From October 5 to 12 it was engaged southeast 
of Sonnebeke and lost very heavily during the British attacks of October 6 and 9. 
Lorraine. 

7. The division was withdrawn from the Ypres front on October 12, sent to rest for 
four days at Sotteghem, then sent to Lorraine by way of Brussels, Namur, Hirson, 
Charleville, Sedan, Metz. Detraining at Sarreburg, it rested from the 20th to the 
29th, then went into line south of Blamont. 

RECRUITING. 

The 233d Division was recruited from Pomerania and West Prussia, with a certain 
admixture from the neighboring Provinces (3d and 5th Corps Districts). 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

A German official document of June 12, 1917, gives the following appreciation of the 
troops of the 233d Division engaged at that moment in the Ypres sector: ' 'These men 
are too young to be able to furnish prolonged resistance and to have great endurance 
in a critical situation. Nevertheless, their conduct is generally good. One cannot 
say that this organization is in a good condition; it is not suited for trench warfare." 
(Report from the 2d Battalion' of the 450th Regiment.) 

It is to be noticed, however, that the 233d Division was left in line northeast of 
Ypres until July 29. 

Since that time the division took part in numerous battles and improved. 

It contained a certain number of Poles and some Alsatians. 

From January 20 to February -24, 1918, it received special training for the warfare 
of movement, in the vicinity of Zabern-Haguenau. 

It was a fairly good division. 

1918. 
Kemmel. 

1. The division wa,s railed to Flanders in the middle of April and detrained at 
Zarren (southwest of Thourout). It marched toward the front south of Ypres through 
Ardoye, Tourcoing. It was engaged on April 25 at Mount Kemmel and took part 
in the heavy fighting there until May 3. Its losses were heavy in this engagement. 

2. The division rested near Sottegem in Belgium until May 19. It was then trans- 
ferred to Peronne. During June a regiment of the division came into line southwest 
of Morlancourt for a short period and reenforced the 54th Division. The rest of the 
division rested at Caudry, Bretigny, Morcourt until July 6. 

Third Battle of the Somme. 

3. It was engaged on that date north and south of Alvert, where it was still in line 
9.t the time of the British attack of August 22. It was thrown back on Fricourt, La 
Boisselle, Bazentin le Grand, Montauban, where it was relieved on August 30, after 
losing 1,422 prisoners. 

4. Following the heavy losses in August the division was dissolved. The 448th 
Regiment was transferred to the 107th Division, replacing the 227th Reserve Regiment, 
dissolved. The 405th Regiment replaced the 22d Preserve Regiment, dissolved in the 
117th Division; while the men of the 449th Regiment were allotted to the 448th and 
450th Regiments. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PAIITICIPATED IN WAR. 723 

234:tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


234. 


451. 
452. 
453. 


234. 


451. 




452. 
453. 


Cavalry 


1 Sqn. 13 Dragoon Rgt. 


1 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 






Artillery 


Art. Command: 
4 F. A. Rgt. 


234 Art. Command: 


• 


4 F. A. Rgt. 

3 Abt. 21 Ft. A. Rgt. (7 and 9 

Btries.). 
841 Light Am. Col. 
847 Light Am. Col. 
1340 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(234) Pion. Btn.: 

359 Pion. Co. 

360 Pion. Co. 
429 T. M. Co. 
234 Tel. Detch. 


234 Pion. Btn.: 

359 Pion. Co. 

360 Pion. Co. 

201 Searchlight Section. 
234 Signal Command: 
234 Tel. Detch. 
126 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


246 Ambulance Co. 
1S9 Field Hospital. 
190 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


246 Ambulance Co. 

189 Field Hospital. 

190 Field Hospital. 
269 Vet. Hospital. 




M. T. Col 


644 M. T. Col. 











HISTORY. 

(451st and 452d Infantry Regiments: 3d Corps District — 453d Infantry Regiment: 4th 
Corps District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1917. 

The 234th Division was formed on January 6, 1917, at the camp of Altengrabow. 
Its infantry regiments were recruited from the 3d and 4th Corps Districts (Berlin- 
Magdeburg) and were composed of men of the 1918 class (50 per cent) and of retm-ned 
wounded and men withdrawn from the front (50 per cent). 
St. Quentin. 

1. After three months' training at Altengrabow, the 234th DiAdsion entrained, on 
March 28, for the Western Front. ■ Going by way of Magdeburg- Aix la Chapelle-Liege- 
Brussels-Mons, it detrained on March 30-31 at Le Cateau, from which place it marched 
to the sector of Fayet, northwest of St. Quentin (on the Hindenburg Line) on April 8. 

On April 14 the division was attacked by British troops and lost heavily (451st 
Infantry Regiment, 400 prisoners). This regiment again suffered seriously in the 
course of violent battles with the French east of Fayet, August 9 to 11. 
Ypres. 

2. About September 1 the 234th Division was relieved northwest of St. Quentin 
and sent to Roulers, by way of Bohain, Le Cateau, Denain, Lille, Courtrai, and Menin. 
In reserve first near Hooglede, on the Ypres front at the time of the British attack, it 
counterattacked on September 20, northeast of St. Julien, On September 23-24 it 



724 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED 11^ WAR. 

again went into reserve and after the British attack of the 26th sent some of its elements 
into action southeast of Zonnebeke on September 27. 

3. Exhausted by these battles the division left the Ypres front for the Lille area. 
It had lost about one-half of its effectives. 

La Bassee. 

4. It went into line north of La Bassee Canal on October 7, remained there six weeks, 
and about November 24 went to the Cambrai area. 

Artois. 

5. On December 7 it took over the sector north of BuUecourt. 

RECRUITING. 

The 234th Division was recruited from Brandenbiu-g and Prussian Saxony. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 234th Division lost very heavily at Ypres in September, 1917; these losses had 
some effect upon its morale. At all events, it acquired a certain combat experience 
in the course of these engagements. 

The 451st Infantry Regiment seemed to be considered the best one in the division 
by the German High Command. 

In the 453d Infantry Regiment, September, 1917, many officers belonged to the 
Reserve and to the Landwehr;. some of these, during the war, were retired for ineffi- 
ciency (document). 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1. The 234th Division remained in the BuUecourt sector until relieved by the 
111th Division on the 8th of February, when it went to rest in the Douai area. 

2. About the end of the month it relieved the 111th Division. On the opening of 
the Somme offensive on the 21st of March, although not engaged in the initial attack, 
the division was severely engaged in the fighting around Croisilles, and on the 31st 
some of its elements carried out a costly and unsuccessful attack against Boisleux- 
St. Mar^. It was relieved about the 7th of April by the 231st Division. 

3. The division rested a fortnight and then relieved the 111th Division in the 
Ayette sector on the 20th. During the night of the 24th-25th of May it was relieved 
by the 17th Division. 

4. About June 21 it relieved the 17th Division. When the British attacked on the 
21st of August, the division was thrown back upon Hamelincourt with heavy losses 
(including 1,585 prisoners). It was withdrawn on the 24th to the Douai region. 

5. On the 22d of September it reenforced the front in the Gavrelle sector, being 
withdrawn a few days later. 

6. On the 30th it came into line north of Cambrai in the Tilloy sector. Withdrawn 
about the 15th of October. 

7. On the 18th it reenforced the front near Raches (northeast of Douai). It was 
relieved by the 35th Division about the 10th of November. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 234th was rated a third-class division. In the fighting around Arras in the spring 
it acquitted itself fairly well, and its commanding general received the "Pour le 
M^rite." Its conduct during the rest of the year was mediocre. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 725 

235tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


19181 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


235. 


454. 
455. 
456. 


235. 


454. 




455. 
456. 


Cavalry 


5 Sqn. 9 Dragoon Rgt. 


5 Sqn. 9 Drag. Rgt. 






235 Art. Command: 
6 F. A. Rgt. 


235 Art. Command : 




6 F. A. Rgt. 


EQgineers and Liaisons. 


235Pion. Btn.: 

361 Pion. Co. 

362 Pion. Co. 
435 T. M. Co. 
235 Tel. Detch. 


235 Pion. Btn.: 

361 Pion. Co. 

362 Pion. Co. 
435 T. M. Co. 
235 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


247 Ambulance Co. 

191 Field Hospital. 

192 Field Hospital. 


247 Ambulance Co. 

191 Field Hospital. 

192 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


961 M. T. Col. 


645 M. T. Col. 













1 Composition at the time of dissolution, August, 1918. 



HISTORY. 

(454th and 455th Infantry Regiments: 5th Corps District — Posen. 
Regiment: 6th Corps District — Silesia.) 

1917. 



456th Infantry 



The 235th Division was formed in January, 1917, in the camps of the Warta and of 
Neuhammer, with elements from the 5th and 6th Corps District. Its regiments were 
made up mostly of men from the 1918 class (50 per cent) and the remainder from 
returned sick and wounded and men withdrawn from the front (initial strength, 230 to 
235 men per company). 

1. After six weeks of intensive training, the 235th Division was concentrated at 
Posen and sent to the Western Front on February 20, by way of Dresden- Aschaff en - 
burg-Frankfort-Aix la Chappelle-Namur. It passed a new period of training in the 
Sissonne Camp, and on March 15 was sent to the St. Quentin area. 

St. Quentin. 

2. At the beginning of April it went into line in the Itancourt sector. Its losses 
were enormous, principally from the attack of April 13, which necessitated replace- 
ments of 2,216 men during the following weeks. 

3. Relieved at the beginning of July, it was sent to rest east of St. Quentin (Fontaine- 
Notre Dame). 

Ypres. 

4. On July 25 it entrained at Guise for Belgium. Concentrated in the vicinity of 
Iseghem-Roulers, it went to the Ypres front on July 28-31, east of Wieltje, received the 
artillery preparation and the British attack of the 31st, which caused it very heavy 
losses. The 454th Infantry Regiment had very heavy losses (4th Company was 



726 divisioints of german aemy which participated in war. 

reduced to 31 men) and was filled up hastily from the resources of the large depot at 
Beverloo (about 60 men per company). 

5. The 235th Division was withdrawn from the front on August 1 and spent a week 
at rest in Flanders. 

6. In the course of August it was transferred to Laonnois, in the vicinity of Mont- 
cornet. 

AlSNE. 

7. About September 10 it took over the sector of Juvincourt-Corbeny, where the 
French attack of November 21 again occasioned it serious losses (400 prisoners). A 
prisoner of the 456th Infantry Regiment declared that in this company not more than 
one-fourth of the men were left who composed it in January. 

RECRUITING. 

The 235th Division was recruited from the Provinces of Posen and of Silesia; con- 
sequently, contained a large number of Poles. 

VALUE— -1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 235th Division appeared to have only mediocre offense value. 

Following the battle of November 21, 1917, in the Juvincourt sector, the com- 
mander of the 456th Infantry Regiment and the commander of the 2d Battalion of the 
same regiment were relieved in disgrace. 

The division received training in the warfare of movement during January and 

February, 1918. 

1918. 

1. The division entrained at Sierentz (Alsace) April 4-5 and traveled via Mulhausen, 
Strasbourg, Treves, Cologne, Lille, Brussels, and Ghent. It detrained at St. Andre, 
north of Lille, on the 8th-9th and rested in that vicinity until the 22d. 

Flanders. 

2. It entered line east of Robecq on the night of April 22-23 and remained in that 
sector until May 11. During this engagement the division lost very heavily. 

3. The division entrained at Lille on the 12th and was railed via Ghent, Brussels, 
Namur, Charleville, and Sedan. It detrained north of Briey on the 14th. 

WOEVRB. 

4. It was engaged on the heights of the Meuse (Vaux les ,Palameix-Bois des Che- 
valiers) from May 24-25 to August 8. It was withdrawn from north of St. Mihiel on 
the 8th and dissolved at Conflans. 

5. The 545th Regiment was drafted to the 10th Division. The 11th Division and 
82d Reserve Division received elements of the 456th Regiment. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as thii-d class. Its only active service in 1918 was near 
Ai-mentieres, for which the division was commended by the Kaiser in his order dis- 
solving the division. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 727 

236tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


23C. 


457. 
458. 
459. 


236. 


457 




458. 
459. 


Cavalry 


4 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 


4 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 




Artillery 


7 F. A. Rgt. 


7 F. A Rgt. 




3 Abt. 16 Ft. A. Rgt. (11 and 13 Btries.). 
956 Light Am. Col. 
1337 Light Am. Col. 
1343 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


363 Pion. Btn.: 

363 Pion. Co. 

364 Pion. Co. 
436 T. M. Co. 
236 Tel. Detch. 


363 Pion. Btn.: 

363 Pion. Co. 

364 Pion. Co. 
436 T. M. Co. 

202 Searchhght Section. 
236 Signal Command: 
236 Tel. Detch. 
125 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


248 Ambulance Co. 

193 Field Plospital. 

194 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


248 Ambulance Co. ■ 

193 Field Hospital. 

194 Field Hospital. 
271 Vet. Hospital. 




M. T. Col. 















HISTORY. 

(457th and 458th Infantry Regiments; 7th Corps District — Westphalia. 
Regiment; 16th Corps District — Lorraine.) 

1917. 



459th Infantry 



The 236th Division was formed at the Senne Camp at the end of December, 1916, 
and the beginning of January, 1917. Recruited from the 7th and 16th Corps Districts, 
its regiments were composed of men belonging to the 1918 class (40 per cent) and of 
returned wounded. 
Cambresis. 

1. The 236th Division entrained at the Senne and Paderbom Camps on April 11, 
1917, and went to Cambrai by way of Dusseldorf-Aix la Chapelle-Liege-Namur- 
Charleroi- Valenciennes. Detraining at Caudry on April 13, it went into line south- 
west of Cambrai (Trestault-Gouzeaucourt) on the 18th. On April 24 it was attacked 
by British troops, lost the village of Villers Plouich, and suffered heavily (340 prison- 
ers). 

2. On May 9 it was sent to rest in the ^dcinity of Cambrai. 
Artois. 

3. It then occupied the sector of Cherisy (southeast of Arras) from June 4 to Sep- 
tember 2, and did not go into any serious action during this period. 
Flanders. 

4. The division left Artois at the beginning of September, was sent to rest at 
Courtrai until the 17th, went to Iseghem by railroad, then marched to Roulers. Until 



728 DIVISIONS OP GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

September 20 it remained in reserve as a counterattacking division. Between the 
20th and 26th, it was in a violent battle east of Ypres, toward the Polygon wood and 
between this wood and Zonnebeke to oppose the British advance. Before going into 
line, on September 20, the 2d Battalion of the 459th Infantry Regiment, had lost 
more than 200 men from artillery fire; on the 22d, the 8th Company had onlj'' 15 men 
left. 

5. Withdrawn from the Flanders front, during the night of September 28-29, the 
236th Division was sent to rest in the vicinity of Douai. 

Abtois. 

6. On October 6 it went into line north of the Scarpe, between the Roeux and the 
Gavrelle; it enlarged its sector toward the north at the beginning of November. It 
was filled up by replacements taken from the Russian front; 400 men coming from 
the 32d Landwehr Regiment (197th Division) arrived in November. 

KECRUITING. 

The 236th Division was recruited from Westphalia and the Rhine Province. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 236th Division had serious losses while fighting at Ypres and its morale was 
weakened in consequence. It may be considered a mediocre division (February, 
1918). 

According to a deserter's statement (Jan. 23, 1918), the 236th Division was a shock 
division in 1917. 

1918. 

1. The division was engaged from March 21 to April 3. On the March Somme 
offensive, first at Cherizy, later at Heninel. It was relieved south of Arras on the 
night of April 3-4 and moved to Passchendaele by way of Aubigny au Bac, Iseghem, 
and Meulebeke. 

Ypres. 

2. It entered line at Passchendaele on April 6 and held a sector in this vicinity 
until June 22, when it was relieved by the 31st Division. The division rested during 
July at Deynze. It again held the sector southwest of Ypres from August 10 to 
September 13. 

Lorraine. 

3. The division moved from Flanders by way of Tourcoing-Brussels-Liege-Aachen- 
Cologne-Bonn-Bingen-Coblenz-Kreuznach to Strasburg. It did not detrain there, 
but was suddenly ordered to Metz, where it arrived on September 24 in the afternoon. 
It marched to Loringen, stayed one night and marched to Mars la Tour on September 
26. The next morning it marched to Jamy and entrained there, going to Dim sur 
Meuse (via Longuyon and Montmedy). From Dun it marched through Doulcon to 
Villers, then to Cunel, and then forward into position. 

4. The division was heavily engaged from September 29 to its retirement on 
October 17. It distinguished itself particularly, fighting stubbornly and success- 
fully for many days in succession. It lost only 413 prisoners but its casualties were 
very heavy, estimated at 3,000. On November 4 the division was reengaged south 
of Beaumont and continued in line until the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Apart from the fighting on the Meuse, the 
division did not do anything notable. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 729 

237 til Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




244. 


460. 
461. 
462. 


244. 


460. 




-461. 
462. 




4 Sqn. 13 Uhlan Egt. 


4 Sqn. 13 Uhlan Rgt. 






Artillery 


83 F. A. Rgt. 


83 F. A. Rgt. 




3 Abt. 23 Ft. A. Rgt. (7 and 9 Btries.). 
783 Light Am. Col. 
1013 Light Am. Col. 
1057 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(237) Pion. Btn.: 

365 Pion. Co. 

366 Pion. Co. 
(437) T. M. Co. 
237 Tel. Detch. 


237 Pion. Btn.: 

365 Pion. Co. 

366 Pion. Co. 

124 Searchlight Section. 
237 Signal Command: 
237 Tel. Detch. 
25 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary. 


249 Ambulance Co. 

195 Field Hospital. 

196 Field Hospital. 
272 Vet. Hospital. 


249 Ambulance Co. 

195 Field Hospital. 

196 Field Hospital. 
198 Vet. Hospital. 




551 M. T. Col. 








Attached. . . . . 


4 Landst. Pion. Co. dO C. Dist.'). 















HISTORY. 

(8th and 21st Corps Districts — Rhine Province and Lorraine.) 

1917. 

The 237th Division was formed in January, 1917, at the Elsenborn Camp (one-half 
men of the 1918 class; the rest, returned sick and wounded and men taken from the 
front). 
Russia. 

1. Detraining in Russia in the vicinity of Baranovitchi in March, 1917, the 237th 
Division went into line south of Vichnev, on the Little Berezina, about the beginning 
of April. 

G ALICIA. 

2. Relieved on June 25, it was transferred to Galicia by way of Brest-Litowsk . 
On July 7 it was sent into line in the vicinity of Konioukhi. 

3. It was engaged on July 21 northwest of Zbrow, and pursued the Russians by way 
of Trembowla (July 26) as far as Husiatin, where the front became stabilized. The 
division continued to occupy various sectors in this area until the end of 1917. It 
was identified south of Husiatin on December 12 (fraternization). 

EECRUITING. 

The 237th Division was recruited principally from the Rhine District. 



730 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 237th Division occupied the Russian front from its formation until the begin- 
ning of January, 1917. 
Its combat value was mediocre. 

1918. 

1. On the 4th of January the division was relieved by Austrian troops and marched 
by easy stages to Buckas, in the direction of Lemberg. On March 4 it entrained 
between Brody and Lemberg and traveled via Lemberg-Brest-Litowsk-Warsaw- 
Kalisz-Goerlitz-Leipzig-Frankfort on the Main-Thionville-Sedan, detraining at St. 
Juvin on the 12th. It went into cantonments at St. Georges. 

Argonne. 

2. During the night of the 14th-15th it relieved the 80th Reserve Division west of 
Avocourt. While here it exchanged its Alsace-Lorrainers for more trustworthy men 
of the 9th Landwehr Division. It was withdrawn about the middle of May. 

AlSNE. 

3. On the 26th and 27th the division entrained at Grandpre and St. Juvin, went 
through Sedan and Charleville and detrained at Bucy les Pierrepont (north of 
Sissonne) on the 27th and 28th. The division then marched via Sissonne-the Plateau 

\ de Californie-Fismes-Dravegny-Monthiers (northwest of Chateau Thierry). On the 
1st of June it attacked in the Belleau wood, as a result of which it suffered heavy 
losses. It was withdrawn about the 22d. 

Argonne. 

4. The division entrained at Athies (east of Laon) and detrained near St. Juvin on 
the 30th. The division remained here a few days and then relieved the 240th Divi- 
sion in the Vauquois sector. While in line here the division received more than 
2,000 replacements. It was withdrawn on August 14. 

AlLETTE. 

5. It entrained at St. Juvin and went to St. Quentin and Ham; then it went by 
truck to the Coucy wood, and then to St. Paul aux Bois (south of Chauny). On the 
21st it reenforced the 1st Bavarian and the 222d Divisions near St. Aubin. It was 
■withdrawn early in September, after having fallen back upon Coucy le Chfi,teau. 
It rested then for a fortnight in the St. Gobain forest. 

Serre-Oise. 

6. On the 25th of September it relieved the 34th Division in the Servais sector 
(south of La Ffere). The division remained in line until the end of the war, falling 
back through Deuillet-Anguilcourt-La Ferte-Chevresis-Villers le Sec to the La 
Capelle region, and suffering very heavy losses. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The 237th was rated a fourth-class division. While it was in line in the Argonne 
in the spring the men (encouraged by then officers) fraternized with the French 
troops opposing them. Its morale was influenced to a most surprising extent by the 
measure of success of the German forces. The result was that while it was high in 
the spring it became low as soon as the tide tm-ned. On August 22, while the division 
was in line on the Ailette, 80 men, armed and with ammunition, surrendered to 4 
French soldiers. In this engagement (about 10 days) more than 900 prisoners were 
lost. Wliile the division was in line the last time it lost over 1,000 prisoners. At 
the end of October the division had only about 800 rifles. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 731 

238tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




238. 


463. 
464. 
465. 


238. 


463. 




464. 
465. 




2 Sqn. 1.3 Drag. Rgt. 


2 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 






Artillery 


238 Art. Command: 
62 F. A. Rgt. 


238 Art. Command: 




62 F. A. Rgt. 

63 Ft. A. Rgt. (Staff and 1, 2, and 4 
Btries.). 

944 Light Am. Col. 
1211 Light Am. Col. 
1233 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


238 Pion. Btn.: 

367 Pion. Co. 
438 T. M. Co. 
238 Tel. Detch. 

368 Pion. Co. 


238 Pion. Btn.: 

367 Pion. Co. 

368 Pion. Co. 

205 Searchlight Section. 
238 Signal Command: 
238 Tel. Detch. 
30 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veteri- 
nary. 


250 Ambulance Co. 

197 Field Hospital. 

198 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


250 Ambulance Co. 

197 Field Hospital. 

198 Field Hospital. 
273 Vet. Hospital. 




648 M. T. Col. 


648 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(463d Infantry Regiment: 9th Corps District — Hanseatic cities. 464th Infantry Regi- 
ment: 9th Corps District — Schleswig-Holstein and Meklemburg. 465th Infantry 
Regiment: 10th Corps District — Hanover.) 

1917. 

The 238th Di\'ision was formed at the beginning of January, 1917, at the Lockstedt 
Camp, near Hamburg. Its infantry regiments were recruited from the 9th Corps 
District (Schleswig-Holstein, Hanseatic cities, and Mecklemburg) and from the 10th 
Corps District (Hanover), and were composed in part (50 per cent) of men of the 1918 
class. 

1. After a training of almost three months, the 238th Division entrained at Lock- 
stedt, on April 13, 1917, by way of Hamburg, Treves, Sedan, Naraur, Cambrai; it 
went to Caudry and Bertry (north), where it detrained on the 16th. 

HiNDENBURG LiNE. 

2. On April 20 it went into line in the sector of Vendhuille-Bellicourt, which it 
left on May 20 to go to rest in the vicinity of Douai (until May 28). 

Artois. 

3. At the end of May it took over the sector of Roeux-Gavrelle, north of the Scarpe. 
It remained on this part of the front until September 27 and was not in any serious 
engagement. On June 6, however, the 463d Infantry Regiment suffered heavy 
losses in its 3d Battalion, which the two others hastily filled up (letter of June 10), 
and left 170 prisoners. 



732 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

4. Sent to Flanders, the division remained at rest for a few days at Roulers, then in ' 
reserve in the vicinity of West-Roosebeke. On October 13 it went into line south- - 
west of Passchendaele. Having suffered heavily from the British attack of October . 
30, it was hastily relieved on the 31st. | 
St. Quentin. | 

5. It entrained on November 6 at Ledeghem. Detraining at Geise, it went to 
Macquigny, and after a few days of rest occupied the sector south of St. Quentin- j 
Itancourt (Nov. 11-12). [ 

RECRUITING. 

The 238th Division was recruited the same as the 111th Division, from Schleswig- 
Holstein, Mecklemburg, the Hanseatic cities, and Hanover. j 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 238th Division was of mediocre value, but better than the majority of the 
divisions of this series. 

The large proportion of young recruits in the ranks of the 238th Division gave rise 
to the nickname "The Division of the First Communicants." 

1918. 

1. The division rested and underwent training in the vicinity of Origny-St. Benoite 
from the 1st of February to March 19. It was brought up to the front south of St. 
Quentin during the night of March 19-20. 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. On the 21st the division attacked at Grugies and in two days advanced by Grand- 
Serancourt and across the canal near St. Simon. From the 23d to the 29th it advanced 
in reserve by Libermont-Beaulieu les Fontaines-Beuvraignes. It was reengaged 
on the 29th at Rollot and Boulogne la Grasse until mid- April. The division suffered 
heavy casualties in the Somme battle. 

Rheims. 

3. The division was engaged southeast of Rheims (Cernay les Rheims, northeast of 
St. Leonard) from April 18 to July 20. It carried out a local attack on Rheims on 
May 30 and June 1. The division did not take part in the offensive of July 15 except 
by artillery activity. 

4. The division rested at Boult sur Suippe from July 20 to 28. From the end of 
July to August 20 it held its former sector at Cernay les Rheims. Relieved in that 
sector, it marched by stages toward Brancourt-Coucy le Chateau via Neufchatel sur 
Aisne, Marchais, Bruyeres (Aug. 21-28). 

AlSNE. 

5. On August 31 the division was engaged at Lemlly-Terny. After September 10 
it fought in the vicinity of Quincy-Basse-Aulers until October 12. On that date it 
retired toward Crepy and withdrew from line. The division started for Marie to 
rest but was alerted on the 14th and taken in trucks to east of Mart d'Origny. On 
the 15th it was again in the first line. Two of the regiments had but two battalions 
and the infantry effectives totaled 1,800. The period between the 18th and 24th of 
October was relatively quiet on the divisional sector. Following French attacks of 
October 25 and 26, the division fell back on a prepared position in front of Guise. 
Here it held until November 5, when it began a retreat by Audigny in the direction 
of La Capelle. 

The last identification was at Buironfosse on November 6. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class. Its morale was mediocre, and its effectives 
few during the latter half of 1918. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 733 



239tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


191S 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 




239. 


466. 
467. 
468. 


239. 


466. 




467. 
468. 




4 Sqn. 9 Drag. Rgt. 


4 Sqn. 9 Drag. Rgt. 






Artillery 


Art. Command: 
55 F. A. Rgt. 


55 F. A. RE;t. 
78 Ft. A. Btn. 
909 Light Am. Col. 
1239 Lisjht Am. Col. 
]293Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(239) Pion. Btn.: 

369 Pion. Co. 

370 Pion. Co. 
439 T. M. Co. 
239 Tel. Detch. 


239 Pion. Btn.: 

369 Pion. Co. 

370 Pion. Co. 
439 T. M. Co. 

88 Searchlight Section. 
237 Searchlight Section. 
239 Signal Command: 
239 Tel. Detch. 
11 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


251 Ambulance Co. 

199 Field Hospital. 

200 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


251 Ambulance Co. 

199 Field Hospital. 

200 Field Hospital. 
239 Vet. Hospital. 




M. T. Col. 


649 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(466th Infantry Regiment: 11th Corps District— Electorate of Hesse. 467th Infantry- 
Regiment: 11th Corps District — Thuringia. 468th Infantry Regiment: 18th Corps 

District — Hesse-Nassau . ) 

1917. 

The 239th Division belonged to the series of 12 divisions (231st to 242d) formed in 
Germany at the beginning of 1917, a strong proportion (50 per cent) of the 1918 class. 
It includes the 466th, 467th, and 468th Infantry Regiments recruited from the 11th 
and 18th Corps Districts (Electorate of Hesse, Thuringia, and Hesse-Nassua, and the 
Grand Duchy of Hesse). 

1. From the beginning of January, 1917, to the middle of February, the 239th 
Division was in the training camps Ohrdruf and of Darmstadt. It entrained on Feb- 
ruary 17 and went to Rethel. It continued its training for some time behind the 
Champagne front. 

Champagne. 

2. The entire division went into line north of Souain (Somme Py) on March 27. 
It remained there until May 15 without any important engagement. One battalion of 
the 467th Infantry Regiment was sent to Auberive as a reenforcement at the time of 
the French attack on April 16. 

3. The division w'as at rest in the \'icinity of Machault and at Asfeld from the end 
of May to the beginning of June. 

4. About June 10 it went into line northeast of Reims (Cernay sector), then at the 
beginning of August northeast of Courcy. It occupied this sector until October 6 
•without having any important battle. 



734 DIVISIONS OF GEEMAE" ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Flanders. 

5. Transferred to Flanders by way of Hirson and Courtrai, tlie 239tli Division went 
into line northeast of Poelcappelle on October 23. It lost heavily during the British 
attack of November 26 and continued to hold this sector, alternating with the 3d 
Naval Division. 

6. Kelieved about November 24, the 239th Division was sent to rest northeast of 
Ghent, then to the vicinity of Lille, at the beginning of September. 

RECRUITING. 

The 466th Infantry Regiment came from the Electorate of Hesse; the 467th Regi- 
ment was called Thuringian in an official document; the 468th Regiment came from 
Hesse-Nassau. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 239th was a fairly good division. 

Considering the missions wliich have been assigned to it by the German High Com- 
mand, it seems that the 239th Division is better than most of the divisions of this 
series. 

1918. 

1. The division trained in the Bourghelles area until March 17. On that date the 
division marched toward the front via Bersee-Douai-Estrees-Soudemont-Villers les 
Cagnicourt-Noreuil-Mory. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. It came into line on the 26th north of Courcelles, attacking Ayette on the 27tli. 
It lost heavily, including numerous prisoners on April 2. The division was relieved 
on April 6 and rested a week at Aubigny au Bac. It entrained on the 11th and moved 
to Libercourt. 

Handes. 

3. The division was engaged from April 15 to 23 east of Robecq. Elements took 
part in the attack of the 18th, in wliich the losses were very heavy. 

Lorraine. 

4. After its relief on the 23d the division was railed to Lorraine by Mons-Namur- 
Sedan-Montmedy-Metz. It rested and was reconstituted near Dieuze from the end 
of April to May 13. At this time the division was reenforced by a draft coming from 
the 233d Reserve Regiment of the dissolved 195th Division. 

AVRICOURT. 

5. The division held the quiet Avricourt sector from May 13 to June 20. It was 
relieved by the 7th Cavalry Division and railed to Champagne. 

Champagne. 

6. It rested and trained in the vicinity of Rethel-Attigny. About the 10th of July 
it marched toward the front and on the 15th was engaged in the Champagne offensive 
at Vaudesincourt. After the attack it held the sector until the beginning of October. 

7. The division was attacked at Mont sans Nom on September 26, and on October 4 
fell back on the line Betheniville-Hauvine, and later in the direction of Rethel 
(Oct. 12). The division was in reserve during the middle of October. Toward the 
end of the month the division was reengaged near Rethel Its line of retreat in the 
last weeks was through Le Quesnoy, Jolimetz, Bermeries, south of Bavai, where it 
was identified on November 8. 

value — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. In October the division was very tired and 
its morale was low. Numerous infractions of discipline occurred. Its battalions were 
reduced to three companies at the beginning of August. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 735 

24:0tli Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


240. 


469. 
470. 
471. 


240. 


469. 




470. 
471. 


Cavalry 


8 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 


3 Sqn. 13 Drag. Rgt. 






Artillery 


Art. command: 
271 F. A. Rgt. 


240 Art. Command: 




271 F. A. Rgt. 
3Abt.6Res.Ft. A. Rgt. 
1092 Light Am. Col. 
1336 Light Am. Col. 
1342 Light Am. Col. 


Engineersand Liaisons. 


(240) PionBtn.: 

371 Pion Co. 

372 Pion Co. 
440 T. M. Co. 
240 Tel. Detch. 


240 PionBtn.: 

371 Pion. Co. 

372 Pion Co. 
440 T. M. Co. 

203 Searchhght Section. 
240 Signal Command: 
240 Tel. Detch. 
127 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary . 


252 Ambulance Co. 

204 Field Hospital 

205 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


252 Ambulance Co. 

204 Field Hospital. 

205 Field Hospital. 
240 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


1092 M. T. Col. 


650 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

(469th and 470th Infantry Regiments: 14th Corps District — ^Grand Duchy of Baden. 
471st Infantry Regiment: 15th Corps District — ^Alsace.) 

1917. 

The 240th Division was recruited in the depots of the 14th Corps District (Baden). 
Like all the divisions of this series, the 240th Division received a large contingent from 
the 1918 class at the time of its formation. 

Alsace. 

1. After a period of intensive training (Feb. 4, to Mar. 28) in the training camps of 
Oberhofen and of Heuberg, the 240th Division was sent to Mulhousen about the end 
of March and went into line between the Rhone-Rhine Canal and Hirzbach (south of 
Altkirch) until August 20. 

WOEVRE. 

2. About August 25 it was sent to the Woevre in the sector of Calonne trench, in 
September. 

Ypres. 

3. Entraining at Conflans (Oct. 5-6) it appeared in Flanders on the 9th. It went 
into action between the Ypres-Staden railroad and Poelcappelle and suffered heavy 
losses in the course of the British attacks of October 9 and 12. 



736 DIVISIONS OF GEKMAir ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

Cambrai. 

4. Relieved during the night of October 13-14, it was sent to Artois. On October 23 
it took over the sector of BuUecourt (southeast of Arras). On November 20, it lost 
heavily from the British attack launched north of BuUecourt at the same time as on 
the Cambrai front (700 prisoners). 

5. About the middle of December it was withdrawn from the front and sent to rest 
in the vicinity of Douai. 

RECRUITING. 

The 240th Division was recruited principally from Baden, some elements from the 
Rhine Districts. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The 240th Division appeared to be of mediocre combat value. 

1918. 
Lens. 

1 . The division was in line in the sector Fresnoy-Oppy at the beginning of the Somme 
offensive. It took no part in the attack on Vimy Ridge of March 28, but remained in 
support. It was relieved in this sector on April 8. 

Battle of the Lys. 

2. It moved northward and was engaged north of Bethune (Hinges-Robecq on 
April 14. ) In two weeks' fighting in this sector the division lost very heavily including 
many prisoners. 

Argonne. 

3. Withdrawn on April 27, the division rested at Lille a week. It entrained about 
May 8 for the Argonne and detrained at St. Juvin. Engaged at Boureuilles-Vauqunois 
on May 13 the division held that quiet sector until July 10. 

Champagne. 

4. The division was taken to Semide and held in reserve during the offensive of the 
15th to be used as an exploiting division. When the attack failed the division was 
directed west of Reims via Machault, Warmeriville, Brimont. It pamped at Jon- 
chery from July 21 to 23. 

Reims. 

5. On the 23d the division was engaged in the Bois de Reims. After the 27th it 
retreated on the Montagues de Bligny, and later toward Aubilly-Bouleuse. On 
August 5 it passed into second line, and was relieved 10 days later. It rested 5 days 
west of Chateau Porcien and returned to line in the Prunay sector on August 13 . There 
it held firm until October 10. 

6. After its relief it v/aited near Rethel until the 14th, when it was railed to Stenay 
via Sedan. On October 17 }t was engaged north of St. Juvin, Champigneulle, cast of 
the Argonne forest. It continued in line until the end, retreating toward Mouzon. 

value-^1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. Its effectives were greatly reduced and its 
morale low in October. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 737 

241st Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


24G. 


472. 
473. 

474. 


•246. 


472. 




473. 
474. 




(?) 5 Sqn. 18 Hus. Rgt. 


2 Sqn. 18 Hus. Rgt. 






Artillery 


48 F. A. Rgt. 


241 Art. Command: 




48 F. A. Rgt. 

102 Ft. A. Btn. (Staff, 1, 2, and 3 

Btries.). 
1055, 1061, and 1062 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons. 


(241)Pion.Btn.: 
373PionCo. 
374 Pion. Co. 
(441)T.M.Co. 
241 Tel. Detch. 


241 Pion. Btn. 

373 Pion. Co. 

374 Pion. Co. 
441 T. M. Co. 

5 Searchlight Section. 
241 Signal Command: 
241 Tel. Detch. 
27 Wireless Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 


253 Ambulance Co. 

206 Field Hospital. 

207 Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


253 Ambulance Co. 

206 Field Hospital. 

207 Field Hospital. 
274 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


M. T. Col. 


651 M. T. Col. 



HISTORY. 
(12th and 19th Corps Districts — Saxony.) 
1917. 

The 241st Division -was formed at the beginning of 1917 and composed of new regi- 
ments (type of divisions 231 and following). 

The 473d and 574th Infantry Regiments were formed in the camp at Zeithain in 
January, 1917, by drafts from the 1918 class and the depots and regiments of the 19th 
Corps District (Saxony). The 472d Infantry Regiment was originally in the 12th 
Corps District (Dresden) formed in the same way. 

Russia. 

1. On March 1, 1917, the 241st Division went to Brest-Litowsk. In April it took 
over the sector of Postavy in the vicinity of Lake Narotch, where it remained until the 
middle of June. 

Galicia. 

2. Relieved by the 21st Division, it entrained on June 17 at Sventsiany, northwest 
of Lake Narotch, and went to Galicia, southwest of Brzezany, detraining on June 22. 
At the beginning of Jifly, it went into line in this region and took part in the German 
counteroffensive at the end of July advancing south of Skala at the beginning of 
August. It took up a position on the Zbrucz. 

3. After this time the 241st Division occupied various sectors of the Galician front 
(Koroskow, Hiisiatin). 

125651°— 20 47 



738 DIVISIOITS OF GERM AN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED I:N" WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The 241st Division was entirely Saxon. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

It was on tKe Eastern Front from the time of its formation until February, 1918. 
"Our new regiment is a gang of headstrong kids." (Letter from a man of the 473d 
Infantry Regiment, Apr. 2, 1917.) 

1918. 

1. The division rested in the vicinity of Signy I'Abbaye until March 15. It then 
proceeded by steps toward the St. Gobain forest (Fressancourt, Mar. 24). 

Battle op Picardy. 

2. It was engaged south of the Oise (Amigny-Septvaux) from March 25-26 to April 5. 
Between the 6th and 9th it advanced from Septvaux and Fresnes toward Coucy, 
encountering heavy losses. The division received the thanks of the King of Saxony 
for its conduct in this fighting. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

3. The division held the sector of Coucy le Chateau until May 29. On the 29th it 
attacked and advanced as far as Crecy au Mont. It halted on the line Nouvron-Vingre 
and held there until relieved at the end of June. In the attack of June 5-6 toward 
Vic sur Aisne the division lost heavily. On the 23d of June it received a draft of 
1,500 men. 

Second Battle of the Marne. 

It rested near Coucy le Chateau for about a week, and on July 10 was engaged south 
of the Aisne between Ambleny and Pernaut. Then it was struck by the Allied attack 
on the 18th and thrown back on Mercin. The division lost 42 officers and 2,074 men 
as prisoners alone. It was relieved at a date between July 22 and 26. 

Second Battle of Picardy. 

5. The division rested and was reconstituted at Vouplaix, Sains Richaumont near 
Vervins until August 20. It was moved to La Fere (22d) and on the 25th engaged 
east of Noyon (Baboeuf-Appilly) and September 4. After that date it fell back 
gradually by Chauny, Fravecy, on Vendeuil, where it was relieved about Septem- 
ber 20. 

Cambrai-St. QuENTrN. 

6. After 10 days' rest the division was reengaged north of St. Quentin (Romicourt- 
Montbrehain) from October 1 to 10. It lost about 1,900 prisoners in this engagement. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

7. The division rested nearly a month at Audun la Roman after October 22. The 
7th Saxon Jaeger Regiment from the dissolved 197th Division had replaced the dis- 
solved 472d Regiment when it appeared in line on November 5 east of the Meuse. The 
last identification was at Murvaux on November 7. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

^The division was rated as fourth class. Its heavy losses of prisoners indicate its 
poor quality. 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. Y39 

242d Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Infantry 


242. 


127. 
475. 
476. 


242. 


127. 




475. 
476. 


Cavalry 


2 Sqn. Wurtt. Res. Drag. Rgt. 


2 Sqn. Wurtt. Res. Drag. Rgt. 






Art. Command: 
281 F. A. Regt. 


242 Art. Command: 




281 F. A. Regt. 

3 Abt. 13 Ft. A. Rgt. (9 and 10 

Btnes.). 
751 Light Am. Col. 
1091 Light Am. Col. 
1105 Light Am. Col. 


Engineers and Liaisons . 


39Pion. Btn.: 

375 Pion. Co. 

376 Pion. Co. 
442 T. M. Co. 
242 Tel. Detch. 


242 Pion. Btn.: 

375 Pion. Co. 

376 Pion. Co. 
442 T. M. Co. 

242 Signal Command: 
76 Wireless Detch. 


3Iedical and Veterinary 


32 Ambulance Co. 
208 Field Hospital. 
503 Field Hospital. 
275 Vet. Hospital. 


32 Ambulance Co. 
208 Field Hospital. 
503 Field Hospital. 
275 Vet. Hospital. 


Transport 


M. T. Col. 


652 M. T. Col. 


Attached 




78 M. G. S. S. Detch. 




■ 


14 Art. Observation Section. 
221 Reconnaissance Flight. 
17 Balloon Sqn. 
243 Carrier Pigeon Loft. 
Elements attached, June 7, 1918. (Ger- 
man document.) 



HISTORY. 

(13tli Corps District — Wurttemberg.) 

1917. 

The 242d Division was formed at the end of 1916. Like all of the divisions of the 
same series, the 1918 class entered largely into the composition of the regiments (475th 
and 476th). These two were recruited from the 13th Corps District (Wurttemberg). 
Initial effectiveness, 235 to 240 men per company. 

The 127th Infantry Regiment is an active peace-time regiment taken from the 
27th Division. 

1. On March 11, 1917, the 475th and 476th Infantry Regiments left the camp of 
Muensingen, where they had received training since January, and Went to Lorraine 
They Were joined there by the 127th Infantry Regiment. 

Lorraine. 

2. From March 29 to April 30 the 242d Division was in line between Abaucourt and 
Bezange wood. 

3. From May 4 to 15 it was employed upon defensive works north of the Suippe. 



740 DIVISIONS or German army which participated in war. 

Champagne-Cornillet. 

4. During the night of May 15-16 it Went into line south of Nauroy (Griile-Cornillet 
wood), where the French attack of May 20 caused it heavy losses (3 officers and 194 
men prisoners). Several companies of the 476th Infantry Regiment remained in 
the Cornillet tunnel. 

5. The 242d Division was relieved during the night of May 31-June 1, and after 
a few days' rest northeast of Lavannes went into line in a calm sector near Betheny 
from June 3-4 until August 6. 

6. The 242d Division was at rest in the Charleville area from August 7 to 20. 

Meuse. 

7. On August 20 it was transferred to the right bank of the Meuse (Beaumont sector). 
It received the French attack of August 26 (7 officers and 390 men prisoners, mostly 
from the 475th Infantry Regiment). It counterattacked to relieve Beaumont and 
remained in line until September 10. 

AlSNE. 

8. From the beginning of October until December 16 it held the sector of Berry 
au Ba«, where its only activity consisted in one raid on November 12. 

RECRUITING. 

The 242d Division was recruited entirely from Wurttemberg. 

VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 

In Champagne the 242d Division showed itself energetic and tenacious (May, 1917). 

It was a good division, -with a high morale, and the prisoners talked very little 
(December, 1917). 

The 242d Division was listed as an assault division and received the training for 
divisions of that category (February-March, 1918). 

The 475th and 476th Infantry Regiments, however, Were considered only mediocre. 

1918. 

1. The division marched to its entraining point at Bergnicourt (west of Junville) 
on March 22-24 and entrained for Guise. From there it marched by night toward 
the Montdidier-Noyan front via Ly Fontaine, Guiscard, Margny aux Cerises. 
Battle of Picardy. 

2. It was engaged near Conchy les Pots, Orvillers, Sorel from March 29 to April 8, 
then near Boulogne la Grasse, Mortemer, from April 10 to 26. The division's losses 
were heavy. 

Battle of the Aisne. 

3. After its relief it was transported to Champagne, detraining near Le Chatelet 
sur Retourne. There it rested three weeks. It entered in line between Brimont 
and Vitry les Reims after May 20. It attacked on the 27th and advanced by Merfy 
(29th), Tinquex (31st), as far as the line Betheny, Courcelles , St. Brice(June2). It 
held that sector until the 1st of August, when it retreated on La Neuvillette and held 
the front Betheny-Vitry road. It was relieved about September 26. 

4. The division was engaged northeast of St. Pierre a Arnes from October 5 to 11. 
It then fell back on Rethel. On the 20th it was moved to the area east of Vouziers 
and put in reserve. On October 23 it was engaged near Chestres, and later near 
Ballay, Quatre-Champs until November 4. Beginning on the 4th it retired in the 
direction of Sedan by Rancourt (Nov. 8). 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. It was a fair division, although the discipline 
was relaxed after September. 



DIVISIOl^S OF GERMAIT ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 741 



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742 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(243d Division (former 8th Ersatz Division): 18th Corps District — Wurttemberg.) 

1914-15. 

The 243d Division is the former 8th Ersatz Division. The latter was formed in 
August, 1914, with the help of the surplus trained men in the depots (Reserve and 
Landwehr 1st Ban.) in the proportion of 1 battalion per active brigade. In this way 
it comprised 13 brigade Ersatz battalions grouped into 3 mixed brigades (29th, 4l8t, 
and 51st). 
Lorraine. 

1. Detraining on August 17, 1914, at Sarrebruecken, in the rear of the 6th Army, 
elements of the 8th Ersatz Division went into action on the 20th. It fought at Hoe- 
ville and Serres, north of Luneville, on the 25th and took part in the attacks upon 
Nancy the first part of September. -Sent to the rear of the front in the vicinity of 
Morhange, it was transferred to Haye at the end of September to relieve the 14th 
Corps. It stayed there for two years between Limey on the west and Le Pretre wood 
on the east. 

2. In August, 1915, the brigade Ersatz battalions were grouped into regiments. 
The 8th Ersatz Division was then composed of the 363d, 364th, and 365th Infantry 
Regiments (Prussian) and of the 51st and 52d Ersatz Regiments (Wurttemberg). It 
continued to hold the lines in Haye, south of Thiaucourt. 

1916. 
Le Pretre Wood. 

1. Until the beginning of October, 1916, the 8th Ersatz Division occupied the sec- 
tor of the Pretre wood, north of Fey en Haye. In August it lost the 364th Infantry 
Regiment, assigned to the 33d Reserve Division, and on September 20 the 363d, 
which entered into the composition of the 214th Division. It received a new regi- 
ment, the 400th Infantry Regiment , formed in September by drafts upon its infantry 
units. 

SOMME. 

2. Leaving the 400th Infantry Regiment in Haye, and composed of three regiments 
(365th Infantry Regiment, 51st and 52d Ersatz Regiments), the 8th Ersatz Division 
went to the Somme on October 3. After a rest in the vicinity of Le Catelet until 
the 10th it went into the sector east of south of Bouchavesnes, where it did not take 
part in any important action. 

Lorraine. 

3. Relieved on November 18, it returned to Lorraine at Fey en Haye. It went 
into line southeast of Thiaucoint November 25, where the 400th Infantry Regiment 
was again assigned to the division. 

1917. 

1. The 8th Ersatz Division remained on the Lorraine front, southeast of Thiau- 
court, until about May 10, 1917. In February the 400th Infantry Regiment was 
sent to Russia. 

At the beginning of May the division underwent several changes — it gave the 
365th Infantry Regiment to the 5th Landwehr Division and received the 122d Fusileer 
Regiment (Wurttemberg) from the 105th Division. The 51st and 52d Ersatz Regi- 
ments received the 478th and 479th. The 8th Ersatz Division, already called Wurt- 
temberg, then became the 243d Division. 

AlSNE. 

2. The reserve, first (behind the Rheims front), behind Brimont and Neufchatel, 
the 243d Division then occupied the front between Miette and the Aisne (north of 
Berry au Bac) from May 29 to August 20. 



Drvisioijrs of German army whick participated ie" war. 743 

Meuse Hill 344. 

3. Transferred to Verdun, the division went into action at Hill 344 on September 9. 
The 479th Infantry Regiment lost heavily during the attack of the 9th. The 122d In- 
fantry Regiment took part in the attack of October 2 and also had losses. 

Meuse (Left Bank). 

4. About October 6 the 243d Division was relieved and sent to rest near Stenay. 
On October 17 it took up its position on the left bank of the Meuse (Bethincourt sec- 
tor), where it still remained in December. 

RECRUITING. 

The division had became purely Wurttemberg. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

The elements of the 243d Division appeared good. They were never engaged in 
very active sectors, except at Hill 344 in September, 1917. At Verdun they showed 
only mediocre combat value. 

1918. 

1. The division was relieved in the sector northwest of Verdun at the end of January 
and traveled by rail to the Stenay area north of Montfaucon, where it rested and 
trained until March 20. On that day it entrained at Stenay and traveled via Sedan- 
Charle"\T.lle-Hirson-Ors to Bazeul. On the 22d the division marched by night via 
Le Gateau and Montbrehain to Raisel, crossed the Somme at St. Christ-Briost and 
came into line reenforcing the front on the night of March 25-26. 

Battle of Picardy. 

2. It advanced in the first line of the attack through Guillancourt, Villers aux 
Erables, and attacked Moreuil on the 30th. It suffered very heavy losses, amounting 
to 50 per cent between March 26-30 at Estrees and Ignancourt, and in the attack on 
Moreuil. Two companies of the 122d Fusileer Regiment lost more than 207 of their 
fighting strength. The division was withdrawn about April 4. On April 2 the divi- 
sion received a draft of 350 to 400 men. 

Picardy. 

3. The division was reengaged north and east of Villers Bretonneux, relieving the 
228th Division. On the 24th it made an unsuccessful attack on Villers Bretonneux. 
On the 27th it was withdrawn to close reserve and rested until May 13. 

Third Battle of the Somme. 

4. Between May 13 and July 7 the division was in line near Albert. It rested until 
August 10, when it was engaged east of Morlancourt, north of the Somme. It was 
forced back by Chuignolles, Proyart, Fouconcourt, Fay, Dompierre until its relief 
on August 29. Four hundred prisoners were lost in that engagement. It was again 
in line between September 2 and 9 east of Bouchavesnes. 

5. The division rested in upper Alsace during September. It returned to Coutrai 
on October 6 and was engaged south and east of Le Gateau (St. Benin, Bazeul, Gatil- 
lon and later east of Landrecies), mid-October to 1st of November. On November 
6 it was again engaged south of Aulnoye and retreated east of Maubeuge, where it 
was last identified on November 9. 

VALUE — 1918 estimate. 

The division was rated as third class. It was largely used on active fronts and did 
creditably. 



744 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN AEMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



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DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 745 

HISTORY. 

(Former Metz Detachment. 68th Landwehr: 16th Corps District — ^Lorraine and the 
Rhine Province. 94th Landwehr: 11th Corps District — Electorate of Hesse and 
Thuringia. 153d Landwehr: 4th Corps District — Prussian Saxony.) 

1915-16. 
Lorraine. 

1. The 255th Division is the former Metz Detachment, the composition of which 
was remodeled and which was changed into a division in May, 1917. 

2. The Metz Detachment, composed of the 31st Landwehr Brigade (30th and 68th 
Landwehr Regiments) and of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Ersatz Landwehr Regiments, occu- 
pied the same sector of Lorraine between the Moselle and Abaucourt (north of Pont a 
Mousson) from the end of October, 1914, to 1917. 

1917. 

1. About May, 1917, the Metz Detachment became the 255th Division. It then 
comprised the 31st Landwehr Brigade (30th and 68th Landwehr Regiments) and three 
regiments of recent organization, the 86th, 94th, and 153d Landwehr, formed by 
grouping the battalions of the old dissolved Ersatz regiments. 

2. With this composition, the 255th Division continued to hold the front along the 
Moselle (right bank) until the month of October. 

3. In July and August the 30th and 86th Landwehr Regiments left the 255th Divi- 
sion to form the new 31st Independent Landwehr Brigade. The latter remained in 
line on the right bank of the Moselle. The 255th Division, reduced to three regiments 
(68th, 94th, and 153d Landwehr), went to the left bank (Le Pretre wood) about 
October 13. 

VALUE — 1917 ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre. 

1918. 

1. The division continued to hold its sector in the Bois le Pretre until the American 
attack on September 12. At that time the company strength was 180 to 200, with an 
effective rifle strength of 100. The men were mostly between 37 and 45 years of age. 

2. The attack of the 12th of September threw the division back on Vandieres and 
Preny, where it was still in line at the time of the armistice. 

VALUE — 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. 



74(5 DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 



301st Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiment. 


Brigade. 


Regiment. 










48 Landst. 
















1 Sqn. 9 Res. Hus. Rgt. 






3 Sqn. 9 Res. Hus. Rgt. 

4 Sqn. 9 Res. Hus. Rgt. 


Artillery . . 




217 F. A. Rgt. 








Engineers and Liaisons. 




342 Pion. Co. 




410 T. M. Co. 
310 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary 




Ambulance Co. 




Field Hospital. -m 
Vet. Hospital. l 






M. T. Col. 








Attached 


84 Brig.: 

70 Res. Inf. 
9 Res. Hus. 
252 F. A. Rs 
342 Pion. Co 
410 T. M. Cc 
3 Bav. C. Di. 
16 C. D. No 
14 C. D. No 




1 Rastatt Landst. Inf. Btn. (XIV/5). 




Rgt. 
Rgt. 
;t. 

). Landst. Inf. Btns. 
t.No.l3(2Nurnberg). 
7 (2 Sarre-Louis). 
5 (Rastatt). 


10 Ldw. Rgt. 
56 Ldw. Rgt. 
3 Btn. 2 Bav. Ers. Rgt. Landst. Inf. 

Btns. 
2 Koeln (8 C. Dist. Btn. No. 14). 
8C. D. No. 7 (Bonn). 
14 C. D. No. 1 (Mosbach). 
18 C. D. No. 10 (Friedberg). 
1 Bav. C. D. No. 15 (Dillingen). 
1 Bav. C. D. No. 9 (Augsburg). 
7 C. D. No. 49 (Elberfeld). 
(According to order of battle, Aug. 12, 
1918.) 



HISTORY. 

(10th Landwelir Regiment: 6th Corps District — Silesia. 56th Landwehr Regiment: 
7th Corps District — Westphalia.) 

1917. 

VOSGES. 

1. The 301st Division, apparently formed about the middle of 1917, was simply a 
military unit without permanent elements. 

2. To this division were attached the 70th Reserve (84th Landwehr Brigade) from 
April, 1917, until the beginning of June, 1918 (Vosges front west of Senones and in 
the vicinity of Ban de Sapt), the 2d Bavarian Ersatz Regiment (an organic part of 
the 39th Bavarian Reserve Division) from Jime, 1917, and several Landsturm Bat- 
talions. 

3. The sector of the 301st Division extends on the Vosges front from La Plaine as 
far as Provenchferes. The headquarters of the division was at Saulxures. 



VALUE 1917 ESTIMATE. 



The division was mostly made up of elderly men. 
Division were supposed to occupy calm sectors. 



The troops assigned to the 301st 



DIVISIONS OF GERMAN ARMY WHICH PARTICIPATED IN WAR. 747 

The 10th Landwehr Regiment was made up for the most part (three-quarters) of 
Silesians and Prussians from the Province of Posen. There were some Alsatians (4 
in the 6th Company) . 

1918. 

1. The division remained in its sector in Army Detachment A without event 
throughout 1918. Its losses were negligible. The companies had an average ration 
strength of 170 men; an average trench strength of 105. 

VALUE 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as fourth class. It was one of the lowest of that class in 
value. The morale was low and desertions frequent. 



748 DIVISIONS OF GERMAlSr AEMY WHICH PAETICIPATED IIST WAR. 

302d Division. 

COMPOSITION. 





1917 


1918 




Brigade. 


Regiments. 


Brigade. 


Regiments. 




(?). 42. 

45. 

10 Jag. 
(After June, 1917.) 
22. 45. 

21 Res. 

10 Jag. 


22. 


11 Gren. 




9 Jag. 

10 Jag. 


Artillery 


Art. Command: 

10 F. A. Rgt. (elements). 








Engineers and Liasions. 


Pion. Btn.: 

19 Pion. Btn. (elements). 
205 Pion. Co. 
172 Mountain T. M. Co. 
Tel. Detch. 


Pion. Btn. No. 19 (elements). 
205 Pion. Co. 
172 Mountain T. M. Co. 
302 Tel. Detch. 


Medical and Veterinary. 


202 Ambulance Co. 
Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 


Ambulance Co. 
Field Hospital. 
Vet. Hospital. 




672 (?) M. T. Col. 


(?) 672 M. T. Col. 













HISTORY. 

1917. 
Macedonia. 

1. The 302d Division (former Hippel Division) was organized on the Macedonian 
front toward the end of 1916. At the beginning it included elements of various 
nationalities. It appears to have become entirely German during the first part of 
1917. At this time its composition was as follows: The staff of the 22d Infantry 
Brigade (coming from the 11th Division); the 42d Infantry Regiment from the 3d 
Division; the 45th Infantry Regiment from the 101st Division and the 10th Jager 
Regiment (the latter formed by grouping the Jager and Fusileer Battalions of the 
Guard and the 9th and 12th Jager Battalions). In January, 1917, the 45th Infantry 
Regiment had replaced the 11th Grenadier Regiment, transferred to the 101st 
Division and which had come to the Hippel Di^dsion in November. 

2. The elements of the 302d Division occupied the Macedonian fron- Monastir- 
Boucle de la Cerna) in 1917 and until the end of February, 1918. 

8. In June, 1917, the 42d Infantry Regiment, the same as the 59th Regi... of the 
101st Division, left the Macedonian front for Roumania (vicinity of Rimu.. . ....arat). 

It was definitely detached from the 302d Division and replaced by the 2iL,„ Reserve 
Infantry Regiment from the 216th Division. 

1918. 

1. The divisional staff operated in Macedonia until it surrendered as a complete 
unit, divisional commander, staff, and troops, numbering 7,000, about the 1st of October. 

VALUE— 1918 ESTIMATE. 

The division was rated as third class at the time of its retirement from the Western 
Front. 

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